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TÜRKIYE

DIGITAL

BATTLEFIELD

1999 AFCEA TÜRKIYE

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

29-30 September 1999 Ankara

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association AFCEA TÜRKIYE

Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association

AFCEA

AFCEA International Headquarters

4400 Fair Lakes Court Fairfax, Virginia 22033-3899,USA

Tel: 001-703-631 6100 Fax: 001-703-631 4693

AFCEA Europe

6 Rue de Geneve, Box 2 1140 Brussels, Belgium

Tel: 32-2-705 27 31 Fax: 32-2-705 28 94

AFCEA Türkiye

PO Box 101, 06172 Yenimahalle Ankara Türkiye

Tel: 90-312-385 19 00 / 1206 Fax: 90-312-354 13 02

This book cannot be copied in whole as a compilation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OPENING REMARKS

BGen.Aytekin Ziylan,TUA(Ret.) (President, AFCEA Türkiye)

SESSION I Artillery Automation

Lt.Col.Assoc.Prof.Faruk ELALDI, TUA (TLFC Tech. & Prj.Mng.Department-Türkiye)

Low Level Air Defense System Automation

Lt.Col.Dr.Erdal TORUN, TUA (TLFC Tech. & Prj.Mng. Department.-Türkiye)

New Technologies For C4I Interoperability

Dr.Fransisco Gonzales Mene (ISDEFE-Spain)

SESSION II Tactical Internet

Ms.Aysin Zaim (ASELSAN-Türkiye)

TASMUS Network Management System Architecture

Mr.Ali Yazici (ASELSAN-Türkiye)

Security of Network Systems

Mr.Sander Bakker (Cisco Systems, Europe-Belgium)

An Intelligent Evasion Law Design for an Aircraft Under Missile Threat

Assoc.Prof.Kemal Leblebicioglu (METU, EEE Dept.-Türkiye) Ms. Deniz Erdogmus (TUBITAK, SAGE-Türkiye)

SESSION III

UAV Payloads and Data Dissemination

Lt.Col.Dr.Erdal Torun (TLFC Tech. & Prj. Mng. Dept.-Türkiye)

LOROP Systems and Operational Benefits of Dual Band LOROP Systems

Mr.Larry Maver- Mr.Tony Costales (Raytheon -USA)

Operational Requirements and System Constraints of Automatic Landing System for UAVs

Mr.H.Anthony Hoskins (Sierra Nevada Coop.-USA)

Operational Concepts of UAVs for Tactical Recce

BGen.Doron Tamir, IDF(Ret.)-Mr.Shumel Feldman (IAI, Malat Division - Israel)

The Use of Adaptive Approaches in Manoeuvring Target Tracking

Dr. Murat EFE (Ankara Univ., EE - Türkiye)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The seminar on “Digital Battlefield” was organized by AFCEA Türkiye Chapter during IDEF TÜRKIYE’99 International Defense Industry, Aerospace and Maritime Fair on 29-30 September 1999 in Ankara, Türkiye. Articles included in this proceedings have been written and presented by the individuals of the following organizations.

AFCEA Türkiye wishes to acknowledge the authors, briefers and the following headquarters, agencies and companies whose personnel have written and presented these articles.

Turkish General Staff HQs, Ankara - Türkiye

Ankara University, EE department, Ankara - Türkiye

Middle East Technical University, EEE Department, Ankara - Türkiye

TÜBITAK, SAGE, Ankara - Türkiye

ASELSAN A.S., Ankara – Türkiye

Cisco Systems Europe , Brussells - Belgium

ISDEFE-Systems Engineering , Madrid - Spain

Israel Aircraft Industries, Malat Division, Ben Gurion Int.Airport - Israel

Raytheon Systems Company, Lexington, Massachusetts - USA

Sierra Nevada Corporation, Sparks, NV - USA

OPENING REMARKS

BGen. Aytekin Ziylan, TUA (Ret.)

President, AFCEA Türkiye

Dear Guests,

Welcome. It is my privilege to have this opportunity to address to the distinguished members of C4I community and invaluable guests of IDEF-99, once again, in another AFCEA-IDEF seminar.

Also I would like to welcome our guests and speakers participating this activity from abroad, and I hope they will enjoy being in Turkey and being in IDEF-99.

At this point I have to say that we as AFCEA Türkiye Board are very pleasid to have the President of AFCEA International LtG. Norman Wood and President of AFCEA Spain Chapter Maj. Gen. Benjamin Michavila Pallares among us. Both generals are Air Force generals, Retired.

As the regular participants of our AFCEA-IDEF seminars may realize, in this special IDEF activity, we do not focus on a special topic. On the contrary, since the IDEF is one of the largest defence exhibitions in our region, and since we have participants and guest from all sections and disciplines of the defence sector, we are trying to keep the spectrum of this seminar as broad as we can.

This year, once again, we have interesting topics from different parts of the C4I spectrum, as well as from the reconnaissance and surveillance fields.

First day; We will listen presentations on

• Artillery and Low Level Air Defense Systems Automations

• C4I Interoperability

• Tactical Internet

• TASMUS Network Management System Arch.

• Security of Networks Systems and

• An Intelligent Evasion Low Design For an Aircraft Under Missile Threat

and at the end of the day we will get together in a cocktail just to relax and promote friendship among ourselves.

Second day; We will concentrate on

• UAV Payloods, Landing Systems

• Operational Concepts for Tactical Recce and

• Target Tracking

On this occasion, I would like to thank the speakers of the seminar, who reserved their invaluable time to share their knowledge and experiences with us.

I would like to thank Turkish Armed Forces Foundation for their support. I would also like to thank ASELSAN for their continious sponsorship to AFCEA-Türkiye.

Dear guests,

I hope this will be prosperous and fruitful activity for all of us. Once again thank you for your participation.

SESSION I

Artillery Automation

Lt.Col.Assoc.Prof.Faruk ELALDI

(TLFC Tech. & Prj.Mng.Department-Türkiye)

Low Level Air Defense System Automation

Lt.Col. Erdal TORUN

(TLFC Tech. & Prj.Mng. Department-Türkiye)

New Technologies For C4I Interoperability

Dr. Fransisco Gonzales Mene

(ISDEFE-Spain)

ARTILLERY AUTOMATION

Lt.Col.Assoc.Prof.Faruk ELALDI

Turkish Land Forces Command

Technical and Project Management Department

06100-Yücetepe, Ankara

Phone: +90 312 4113521 Fax: +90 312 4250331

1. ABSTRACT

The development of new weapon systems and acquisition means has caused artillery to fire and move (fire and scoot) as fast as possible. Additionlly, the shortage of manpower and the need to make best use of limited quantities of equipment lead to a desire for automation and/or autonomy of the artillery system. The aim of the artillery automation is to detect the targets, filter them and destroy them by means of artillery assests in 3-5 minutes.

2. INTRODUCTION

Automation, is the essential enabler that will facilitate the army of the 21st Century’s ability to win the information war and provide decision makers, shooters, and supporters the information that each needs to make the vital decisions necessary to overcome their adversary and win the overall campaign.

Three main elements should be taken into the consideration.

• mechanical automation

• digitization

• standardization

Essentially, artillery automation is the integration of command control system found at brigade level, from the forward observer at the theatre to the brigade tactical operation center. This philosophy covers the integration of battle space automation systems and communications, which functionally link strategic and tactical headquarters. Main idea of an automation program is to link digitally all over firing assets of a brigade and target detection system through battery level technical fire control system and battalion level tactical fire control and command system in order to provide sufficient payload on the target detected in 3-5 minutes.

One of the basic three elements of automation is mechanical automation;

3. Mechanical Automation:

The main firing assets of the 21st Century should have the abilities to detect the targets, position the cannons and destroy the enemy autonomously with minimum crewmembers. Those assets are going to be high-tech howitzers with modern fire control and fully automatic ammunition handling systems, autonomous navigation systems, on-board ballistic computers and long range electromagnetic guns which minimizes the human power.

Advances in the technology of target detection systems, such as target locating radars, moving target detection radars, thermal cameras and satellite base detection systems, give a big advantage for the enemy forces for a counter-fire. In today’s battlefield, if friendly forces are not able to hit the target with the first shot and move right away to another position, it is quite possible you will be detected and receive counter- fires. Therefore, artillery has to move very fast and position itself in a very short period at the new location.

In near future; instead of unguided rounds and rockets, sensitive missiles and shells are going to be fired from miscellaneous cannons. All of these main firing assets will be utilizing advanced computerized mechanical systems to increase the rate of fire and precision. As an example of these, an advanced howitzer will be able to perform a battery mission (6-8 guns) by itself with its high firing capability.

Countries have some efforts to advance the abilities of the 21st Century’s howitzer; e.g., US/Crusader, GE/Pzh 2000, and UK/AS 90 programs. Those advanced systems have or will have “state-of-art” mechanisms, which use robotic technologies.

4. Digitization:

Digitizing the battlefield is the application of information technologies to acquire, exchange, and employ timely information throughout the battlefield, tailored to the needs of each decider (commander), shooter, and supporter, allowing each to maintain the clear and accurate vision of the battlefield necessary to support mission planning and execution.

Digitization allows the warfighter to communicate vital battlefield information instantly, rather than through slow voice radio and even slower liaison efforts. It provides the warfighter with a horizontally and vertically integrated digital information network that supports unity of battlefield fire and maneuver and assures command and control decision-cycle superiority. The intent is to create a simultaneous, appropriate picture of the battlefield at each echelon-from soldier to commander-based on common data collected through networks of sensors, command posts, processors, and weapon platforms. This allows participants to aggregate relevant information and maintain an up-to-date awareness of what is happening around them.

In order to establish the base line operational requirements for digitization of the battlefield and future command systems, there are some capabilities, which must be analyzed, those are;

• The capability to react on information faster than the enemy.

• Enhanced situational awareness at all level,

• Rapid processing and transfer of information,

• On increased ability to synchronize direct and indirect fires,

• A means to establish and maintain an overwhelming operational tempo.

Automated nearly real-time information of battle space from different data acquisition systems will be collected and sent to the related headquarters in a few seconds. This layout will help the commanders to decide in a short time and make their decisions more accurately.

5. Standardization:

The standardization as well as mechanical automation and digitization will be very important subject for establishing the interchangeability between systems.

International organizations such as NATO, WEU (Western European Union) are trying to standardize the armament systems for years. For instance, the standard caliber for large caliber systems tends to be 155 mm. This will allow countries to reduce the manufacturing cost when they develop weapons and shells for the future interoperability. Another example is the standard technical fire control system to be used by the batteries. NATO/Land Group-4/Sub Group-2 has completed to develop a new technical fire control system software, called NATO Artillery Ballistic Kernel. This effort was accomplished by the contributions of some NATO Countries and open for all NATO members to establish standard software in a joint operation.

6. Turkish Fire Support Automation Project (FSAP/ADOP)

Based on the main elements of the future army modernization, Turkish Army Modernization Program, which has been initiated, concentrates on fire main functional areas of the battlefield,

• maneuver

• fire support

• air defense

• logistic

• intelligence

To combine these functions in a digitized battlefield environment, individual programs were started to be finished by the early 2000’s. FSAP/ADOP has been initiated to fulfill the requirements of fire support.

The basic idea is to digitally integrate the battle field operating systems, all firing assets and data acquisition systems (sensors) through technical fire control (battery level) and tactical fire control (battalion level) systems, and to destroy the target by using the best convenient firing asset and by optimizing cannons, ammunitions, and batteries to hit the target on time. We are given only 3-5 minutes to fulfill this mission. Then, we should give the artillery a high deployment ability to change its existing position to a new safe one.

In FSAP program, we also consider to integrate new technologies that improve artillery accuracy, for example, new mobile met stations and muzzle velocity measuring units. As well as accuracy, rapid deployment technologies such as navigation systems, diagnostic systems, automatic gun laying systems and fire-power technologies such as fully automatic ammunition handling systems, on-board ballistic computers are being considered for the selected digitized armored brigade.

In parallel effort to digitization, new advanced self-propelled and towed (with APU) howitzer developing programs have been initiated. Both programs will be utilizing all mechanical automation technologies and autonomous systems to support FSAP requirements.

In summary, 21st Century battlefield is going to be fully digitized environment and Turkish Artillery wouldn’t be out of this theatre.

REFERENCES

[1] Elaldi, Faruk, “ADOP 2000 ve Muharebe Sahasinin Sayisallastirilmasi”, not presented yet.

[2] ADOP-2000 Proje Tanimlama Dokümani

BIOGRAPHY

Lt.Col.Assoc.Prof.Faruk ELALDI graduated from the Military War Academy in 1980. He attended the Mechanical Engineering Department of Bosphorous University in the same year and obtained his B.Sc. degree in 1983 and M.Sc. degree in 1986 respectively. In 1991, he received his Ph.D. degree from the Mettalurgical Engineering department of the METU and he was awarded to become Assoc.Prof. in the same department of the METU in 1996. He is currently Chief of the Plan & Project Branch of the Technical and Project Management Department of the Turkish Land Forces Command (TLFC).

Modern Self Propelled Howitzer Project, Towed Howitzer with APU Project and TLF Artillery Automation Program (ADOP-2000) are under his reponsibilities today.

LOW LEVEL AIR DEFENSE SYSTEM AUTOMATION

Lt.Col. Dr. Erdal TORUN

Turkish Land Forces Command Technical and Project Management Department

06100-Yücetepe, ANKARA

Tel: +90 (312) 411 35 71 Fax: +90 (312) 425 03 31 E/Mail: [email protected]

Ismet ATALAR Automation Sys. Eng. Mngr.

ASELSAN / MST Group Tel: 90(312) 3851900 Fax:+90 (312) 3545205 E/mail: [email protected]

1. ABSTRACT;

Early warning sensors, air defense weapons and command posts are the main units of an air defense system. Primary mission is to have target-tracking information and inform the weapons’ operators in advance. These can be achieved by establishing a reliable and robust command, control and communication link between these units; sensors and weapons.

This paper presents an early warning command and control system requirements and technical solution to have low-level air defense automation capabilities in a digitized battlefield area. The main subsystems and their design consideration will be given and some remarks will be given for future systems, considering the low-level air defense threats.

2. INTRODUCTION

Low Level Air Defense plays important role in the area defense. The defended area requires air defense units work under coordination of command posts. In this manner target information acquired by sensors are collected to form unique air information consisting of target identifications and classifications. Depending on target information target weapon assignments are performed at the command posts to achieve an effective defense.

With the advance of computer and communication technology, collecting sensor information in real time to a center in digital form, instead of voice, to form air picture became possible. Target evaluation and weapon assignment functions are also accomplished much faster with the computers carrying decision support algorithms located at the command posts. These developments have brought desired automation to air defense command control system.

In the following sections of this paper threats, requirements, enabling technologies will be discussed and a generic solution for low-level air defense automation will be given.

3. THREAT ANALYSIS

Detailed threat analysis should be performed to obtain consistent air defense requirements. Manned and Unmanned air vehicles are typical threats for todays and near future low-level air defense.

Reduction of signature, increase in stand-off range, precise guidance, enhanced counter measure techniques, flexibility, lower costs, increase in number are main improvements of today’s manned and unmanned threats.

4. AIR DEFENSE COMMAND CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1. Decision Support Capabilities

Automation of air picture generation, mission planning, target evaluation and weapon assignment and logistic support functions are the main requirements for

an air defense system. In all of these, reaction time, saturation limits, reliability of decisions and intelligence of algorithm constitutes the performance parameters.

4.2. Communications Capability

The capacity and the reliability of information transfer capability that is communication infrastructure between air defense units are key factors affecting system performance. Besides conventional voice communications, digital communications become essential. Communications technology is the most rapidly growing area, usage of COTS technologies made this change even noticeable.

Data rate, networking or connectivity, reliability (error rate), security (encryption), efficiency (data throughput) are main performance items.

4.3. Interoperability

Defending an area requires coordination of air defense units with the other functional units (artillery, intelligence, logistic...) in the same force and sometimes with other forces (eg. Air force). Therefore interoperability between command control systems of the different units becomes vital. For this purpose messages formats, communication media, mechanical and electrical interface specification of the command control systems should be considered while defining the air defense command control system architecture.

In case of joint operations with other nations similar interoperability requirements arise. As an example to this NATO formed a working group (LLAPI) to standardize the format of air picture and other required interface specifications. This work is collected in the STANAG 4312.

4.4. Growth Potential

The effectiveness of air defense system can be improved with the increase of sensors, weapons and command posts both in quality and quantity. System should be capable of accepting new sensors and weapons without any remarkable

modification. This can be achieved by using open architecture design approaches.

4.5. Modularity

Use of common hardware and software modules in command control system design will reduce logistic costs and increase availability. Modular design will improve testability hence overall reliability.

4.6. Operational Flexibility

Change of force structure of air defense units during planning or operation periods requires flexibility of command control systems. Command control system should be adaptable to distributed and centralized mode operation.

4.7. Interface Flexibility

Introduction of new sensors and weapons may require modification of interface characteristics of command control system. A flexible interface design will minimize effort needed to adopt new sensors and weapons to system.

4.8. Robustness

Command control systems of the defended area will be main target for the enemy. The electronic counter measure (ECM) widely used to block communication and radar systems. Protection capabilities against EMP will also be an important advantage.

4.9. Transportability and Mobility

Transportability requirement can be considered under strategic transportability with aircrafts and tactical transportability in different terrain conditions.

4.10. Deployment Capabilities

Deployment duration of command control system should be at acceptable levels. The ease installation and getting ready for the usage should be simple and quick

4.11. Environmental Capabilities

Military tactical environments impose extended temperature, vibration, and humidity conditions. All command control units should withstand the military

conditions. Sheltered environments usually acclimatized. This will help the commercial equipments to meet operating environmental specification.

4.12. Survivability

Redundancy of communication link and command control functions will provide continuity operation. Graceful degradation of command control functions will be preferred.

4.13. Maintainability (Integrated Logistic Support)

The ease of maintainability is an important concern for the logistics.

5. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

Low-level air defense command control system like other tactical command control systems directly influenced by the developments in the communication and computer related technologies. Below some of these technologies are summarized.

5.1. Communications

Main communication technologies are used in the command control area are given below:

Networking technologies:

Local area and wide area networks technologies used in commercial areas quickly migrates to the military applications. ATM, ISDN type networking standards are used in air defense command control applications.

Wireless communication technology:

The radio communication is performed mostly VHF, UHF band CNR, Packet Switched Radios (PR) which uses frequency hoping or spread spectrum ECCM techniques. Data rates up-to megabits per second is possible with PR type radios.

Encryption capabilities of these radios provide a secure communication link for the command control system.

Data Protocol Technology:

Besides propriety military data protocols many commercial protocols are also available. Internet protocols such as MIL-STD-188 becoming popular in the tactical arena. Other field proven X.25 type protocols is also available. SW and HW support for these protocols are available for almost every computing platform.

5.2. Computing Systems

Rapid development of computing hardware technology enabled use of high power low cost computers in command control posts.

VME or PCI bus based modular computers are available either in commercial or military versions.

Memories and storage devices Hard disks, Digital Audio Tapes, Magneto Optical disks, CD-ROM are also available in high speed and capacity.

Man-Machine interface is an important part for command control system. High-resolution color liquid crystal display technologies now mature enough to be used in command control centers. Use of LCD displays meets less power, smaller space requirements.

Operating Systems NT, UNIX or UNIX like operating systems found wide acceptance in the military applications.

Object oriented languages and development tools have became the most preferred environment for the developers.

Data Base systems which are designed for the commercial applications like Informix Sybase or Oracle relational data bases systems can be used for similar purposes.

Common Hardware and Software programs like in U.S.A that standardizes the computing hardware and software in the military applications simplifies system design efforts and brings important advantages for the logistics.

5.3. Command Control Algorithms

Track extrapolation: Track generated by the different sensors reaches to the fusion points at different times to synchronize the track information an extrapolation of early coming data to the present time is needed. Another reason for extrapolation is to compensate the transmission delays.

Track correlation: Target track information coming from the different sensors has to be correlated to reach unique target track for each target. This process requires use of sophisticated algorithms.

Target evaluation and weapon assignment: Evaluation of targets according to their positions, velocity, identity and density in air space is possible. According to the effectiveness, position and availability of weapons targets are assigned to the weapons.

5.4. Navigation Systems

INS or GPS Navigational Systems are required to determine exact location of the sensors for sensor track data correlation. Navigational systems also used in weapons for the command posts in the target assignment.

5.5. Geographical Information Systems

Area defense requires detailed geographical information of the area. Geographical Information systems are used in the:

• Presentation of ground and air situation

• Sensor coverage calculations

• Sensor and weapon deployment

• Simulation of air defense system

Use of commercially available geographical information system shortens development time of air defense command control system.

6. A GENERIC SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

In this section of the paper generic system architecture will be presented and functional relationships and main properties of subsystems will be mentioned. Air defense command control is a collection of four different subsystems:

• Command posts (CP)

• Sensor interface (SI/F)

• Weapon interface (WI/F)

• Communications (COMMS)

Functional relationship of the air defense command control subsystems can be summarized as follows:

Sensors trough SI/F sends target track information together with identification information. Sensors receives its control parameters from the command post again trough the same interface.

CP’s collects target track information to generate air picture. Using this picture command post evaluates the targets and assigns them to the weapons according to their positions and firepowers. Command posts also plans the mission and generates deployment orders for the air defense units.

COMMS SI/F

CP

WI/F

Weapons accept targets to engage and send kill assessment reports to the CP’s via WI/F.

COMMS carry all these information most of them in real time with secure and reliable means. COMMS also provide voice communication services to the units.

Main properties of the subsystems:

CP : They usually belong to corps. and brigades. CP’s is carried in a shelter, which is usually on a tactical truck. CP shelter contains computers with command control software, printers, and external communication interface units. Interface to other command control system are carried in the CP’s .

SI/F : Air defense systems senses targets with the sensors like radars. Low-level air defense radar ranges vary between10 to 50 km. They used for alerting or surveillance purposes mainly. IRST (Infrared search and track) type sensors are also used.

Sensor interfaces may be needed, to integrate sensors to the command control system. These interfaces contains may include communication interfaces, message format converters.

WI/F : Weapon interface units connects weapons to the air defense systems. It contains communication units, message format converters and cueing devices. Most modern weapons systems need only communication unit. Conventional weapons especially those manually used guns and missiles need special intelligent cueing devices.

COMMS : Mobility requirements of air defense system joins with real time data transfers needs in the order seconds and results with packet switched TDMA radios. These radios constitutes separate network between CP’s and CP’s with SI/F and WI/S’s. Usage of high-speed radio links in COMMS connecting CP’s increases the overall performance. These radios have encryption capabilities for secure communication.

A generic architecture for the corps with two brigades and with different number of WI/S and SI/F is given below.

Here the battle management functions can be done locally by each brigade level

CP’s

Air picture generation can be done in two different scenarios:

a) Each CP using its local data and remote data from other CP’s generates air picture. (Distributed)

b) The corps collects all the target information level CP and disseminated to other CP’s (Centralized)

In above picture CP’s between brigade level CP’s and WI/F’s are omitted for simplicity. When these CP’s are also available (e.g. Section commander) they could take some the battle management load from the brigades. Generation of air picture by these CP’s is another but not a common solution.

7. FUTURE

Coming years promise new development in the software technologies besides hardware. Command control function will be much effective with help of intelligent software algorithms.

Use of high-speed radios and faster computers will decrease reaction time of the command control systems.

But one thing to remember missile, UAV’s and attack aircraft technologies are also progressing….

COMMS

SI/F

WI/F COMMS CP

SI/F

SI/F

COMMS COMMS WI/F WI/F

WI/F

CP

CP

WI/F WI/F

WI/F WI/F

This paper represents the views of the authors, it does not necessarily represent the official views of the Turkish Armed Forces and ASELSAN.

BIOGRAPHY

Lt.Col.Dr. Erdal TORUN graduated from the Military War Academy and Electrical Engineering Department of Istanbul Bosphorous University in 1981 and 1984, respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree from the Ankara University and he started working at the R&D Department of the Turkish MOD as project manager. During the same period, he work as an academic instructor and gave lectures in the Military War Academy. LTC TORUN joined at Communication Research Center in Ottawa, Canada in 1994 for one year. He is currently Chief of the Electronics Branch of the Technical & Project Management Department of the TLFC.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR C41 INTEROPERABILITY

Dr. Francisco Gonzalez Mene

(ISDEFE-Spain)

1. ABSTRACT

The purpose of the conference is to describe how the different C4I requirements can be satisfied with COTS/Web tools.

Actual demonstration results of this approach in NATO’s HQ during Joint Warrior Interoperability Demonstrations (JWID), (where Turkish projects were also presented) and in different national exercises will be presented.

Interoperable C4I assets for Joint and multinational forces.

The applications of Web technologies as an interface to relational Data Base Management Systems and to Groupware and Documentation Data Base Management Systems, together with JAVA capability and the well known TCP/IP tools package provide a powerful environment to implement and deploy Coalition Command, Control and Communication and Intelligence Computers Systems.

JAVA provide the users through a distributed Client-Server Web architecture, one extremely high performance interface including graphics and GIS functionality. Security issues will also be addressed.

Fast, easy and inexpensive deployment of C4I system is an actual possibility by smart COTS integration. Open Systems standards and Web technologies are clearly the way ahead.

2. INTRODUCTION

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IsdefeIngeniería de Sistemas


AFCEA TÜRKIYE Sept/99 Ankara

D-GM-182/98-J7/12/98


C2 CYCLE

SITUATIÓNAWARENESS

DECISSIÓN

COMMAND

CONTROL

FASTERFASTER

EFFICIENT EFFICIENT

D-GM-182/98-J7/12/98


MULTILEVEL C2 HERACHY

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

SITUATION

DECISION

ORDERS

CONTROL

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TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGY

Ref: NATO ACE/ACCIS IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

• PLATFORM TO NETWORK EVOLUTION.

• COMMON NETWORK. NO STOVEPIPE

• SERVICE CAPABLE NETWORK.

• SEAMLESS OPERATIONAL TRANSITION.

• COTS. INDUSTRY STANDARS

• WEB TECHNOLOGY

• PC ENVIRONMENT.

D-GM-182/98-J7/12/98


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The WebCOP Concept

USING WEB TECHNOLOGY TO PROVIDE A SUITE OF TOOLS FOR:

• COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE.

• INTELLIGENCE.

• MESSAGE TRANSFER SYSTEM.

• COLLABORATIVE PLANNING.

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WebCOP Principles

• VERY LOW COST.

• EASY DEPLOYMENT ON EXISTING COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS.

• EXTENSIVE USE OF COMMERCIAL HW AND SW. EASY TO LEARN AND TO USE..

• HIGHLY DISTRIBUTED.

• EASY DISSEMINATION OF HIGH INFORMATION VOLUMES FROM SINGLE SOURCES GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSED.

• INMEDIATE INTEGRATION WITH OTHER NATIONAL NATO/ALLIED SYSTEM.

• ACE/ACCIS IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PHILOSOPHY

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Network Centric

Tactical/LogisticTactical/LogisticSupportSupport

ForceForceCoordinationCoordination

WeaponWeaponControlControl

ForceForceControlControl

SCTM/RCT/RBASCTM/RCT/RBA SHFSHF COMMSATCOMCOMMSATCOMUHFUHF GBSGBS

JOINT COMBINED DEPLOYMENT

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WebCOP Concept (2)

• WebCOP IS A NETWORK CENTRIC CONCEPT.

• NETWORK SERVICES LOCATED WHERE MOST EFFECTIVE

DATA BASES (TACTICAL AND DOCUMENTATION).

GEOGRAPHIC SERVICES.

INTELLIGENCE SERVICES.

FASS CAPABILITIES (INTE, PHOTO INTERPRETATION, SIM).

• COMMAND CELLS ARE “GENERATED AND CONFIGURED” IN EACH CLIENT BY AGENTS AND DATA FROM THE SERVERS.

• GLOBAL DATA BASES. SERVERS REPLICATE CONTENTS.

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SPN (1)

FASS TACLOG DOC GIS

SPN (2)

SPN (n)

WEB

REDSEGURA

CWAN

GIS

COMMONCARTOGRPHY

SEVICES

SATINT

COMMONINTELLIGENCE

SERVICES

DNS / FTS MHS ADMIN

WEBCOPGIS/MHS

FASS TACLOG DOC GISWEBCOPGIS/MHS

FASS TACLOG DOC GISWEBCOPGIS/MHS

NODEWEB

SERVER

WebCOP Architecture

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COP in WebCOP

• PRESENTATION OF ALL FORCES AND AOI INFORMATION TO THE COMMANDER ON ANY CARTOGRAPY.

• DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMPILATION. ANY MIX POSSIBLE: TYPES, LEVELS, ECHELONS, CLASSES, DATES, AREAS ….

• TACTICAL AND LOGISTIC INFORMATION. COMPATIBILITY WITH C2 DATA STRUCTURE AND RSP/RMP/RAP SYMBOLOGY.

• OPERATION PLANS AND DATA. OVERLAYS PRESENTATION AND GENERATION.

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WebCOP Architecture

• IPRNET AS A SUPPORTING INFRAESTRUCTURE.

• MEDIUM/LOW PERFORMANCE IP ROUTERS CONNECTED BY SECURE CIRCUITS ARE THE ONLY REQUIREMENT TO ESTABLISH THE IP DATA NETWORK.

• WEB/HTTP/JAVA/JAVA SCRIPTS AS INFORMATION AND DATA TRANSFER MECHANISM. SUPPORTED BY UNIX OR WNT WEB SERVERS.

• TO ESTABLISH A FULLY PERFORMANCE COMMAND POST A SINGLE LOW COST COMMERTIAL PC WHT A “NAVIGATOR” IS REQUIRED.

• SECURITY DEVICES SUCH US FIREWALLS, IPSEC, CRYPTOS, SSL ARE FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.

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COP Interoperability

• INTEGRATED WITH LAN BASED CIS/MIS. /NOVELL/MSN

• CAPTURE AUTOMATICALLY DATA FROM DIFFERENT C2 DATA

BASE.

• ACCEPT AND GENERATE STANDARD COP AND LOGISTIC

MESSAGES: OTH-G & APP-4 (SITREP, INTSUM, OPSTAT).

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SPN (1)

FASS TACLOG DOC GIS

SPN (2)

SPN (n)

WEB

SECURENETWORK

NATOCWAN

SATINT

COMMONINTELLIGENCE

SERVICES

DNS / FTS MHS ADMIN

SERVER

FASS TACLOG DOC GISSERVER

FASS TACLOG DOC GISSERVER

NODEWEB

SERVER

GIS

COMMONCARTOGRAPHY

SERVICES

OTHER C3I NODES

ORACLE -MLS- REPLICASQL NETWEB SERVICES/URL LINKSFTPFORMATTED TEXT

COP Generation/Updating & Replica Mech

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Data Structure

• OPS, INT, LOG, & PER .

• COMPATIBLE WITH NATIONAL C2 REQUIREMENTS.

• COMPATIBLE WITH ADVANCED ALLIED DATA MODELS: ATCCIS.

• COMPATIBLE WITH COP MESSAGE EXCHANGE.

OTH-G.

APP-4.

OTHER

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COP Support. Network Services

• CARTOGRAPHY DATA:

VECTOR.

RASTER.

PICTURES.

REQUESTED BY FASS JAVA APPLET.

PROVIDED BY GIS SERVER IN WEB FORMAT.

• FASS APPLET INDENTIFIES ACTIVE DATA BASES AND SERVICES IN THE NETWORK AND PROVIDES DIRECT “CLICKED” ACCESS.

• INT/OPS SUPPORT AS COMMON FUNCTIONS PROVIDED BY SAME SERVERS USING SAME LAST INFORMATION.

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COP Levels of Exploitation

• DIFFERENT USERS/LEVEL OF COMMAND - DIFFERENT VIEWS.

• TYPICAL SEGMENTATION IS NOT HORIZONTAL. CAPABILITY OF DEFINE A COMPLEX MULTIDIMENSIONAL MATRIX IS PROVIDED: BLUE, RED/SIZE, TYPE, ECHELON.

• REPORT/DATA ASSOCIATION RESPONSIBILITY: AOR, COMMAND STRUCTURE, DATA TYPE OR CATEGORY ARE DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES.

• UNNECESSARY REDUNDANCY OR DUPLICATION IN DATA TRANSFER AVOIDED. NO MESSAGES BY MHS IF NOT NECESSARY.

• INTEL DATA ASSOCIATED WITH COP AT A “CLICK” DISTANCE BUT PROTECTED.

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WebCOP in JWID (96/97/98)

• EXTENSIVE NATIONAL INTRANET DEPLOYMENT ON SECURE COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS.

• DEPLOYMENT OF FIVE MAJOR NODES, LAND AND SHIPBORNE, IN OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS. UP TO 30 PC COMMAND CELLS ACTIVATED. FOUR X TWO SERVERS REPLICATING DATA.

• AMPHIBIOUS OPERATION. FULL SUPPORT TO REAL PLANNING AND SIMULATED EXECUTION. INTELLIGENCE DATA BASES AND MHS FULLY INTEGRATED AND COMPATIBLE WITH NATIONAL MHS.

• OTH-G INTEROPERABILITY FOR COP DATA AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE DEMONSTRATED.

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DEPLOYMENT

M

CL1 CL2 CL3

M

TA

CL1 CL2 CL3

ZKG81/84C

ZKG84

ZBID950

ZKG84

ZKG84

MZ

KG84

CL1

ZSTU

M RAS

M ZKG84

CLM

ZSTU

ZBID950

TA

CL

KKG81/84C

FO FO M

RDSIRDSI

CL2 CL3

M ZKG84

CL1

ZSTU

M RAS

SHAPESHAPE

ROTAROTA

FFGFFG--77

CVPACVPA

AMPARAAMPARA

MARBRGMARBRG

HISPASATHISPASAT

SECOMSATSECOMSAT

CJTFCJTF

CTGCTG

CTUCTU

CTGCTG

CTGCTG

CTFCTF

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WebCOP in JWID 99

• SPANISH AIR FORCE INTRANET DEPLOYMENT ON SECURE COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS.

• DEPLOYMENT OF FIVE MAJOR NODES: CJTF,SPJFAAC HQ, CAOC, WOC/SQOC, TACP

• REAL AIR OPERATION. FULL PLANNING AND EXECUTION SUPPORTED

• FULL COP INTEROPERABILITY WITH US GCCS.

• FULL INTEGRATION WITH TURKISH COMMAND POST. TURKISH COP SUPPORTED

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Architecture

CIA

ALA 12

2 MB

KG

TA

ISDN

BID

RCT1

RCT2

TACP

GBS

SIPMA

INTEIVI

BID

TA

MONS

IVI

GRUCEMAC

PMJEMA

TAC/LOG

ACOATO/TGTS

ATOGEN

GBS

SIUCOM IVI

SECOMSAT

HISPASAT

SIUCOM

GBS

SIPMA

SIPMA

RCT3

KG

KG

KG81KG

KG

KG

KG

RAP JWID

JWID

JWID

JWID

JWID

CWANJWID

KG

S WFL

ATM

SW

KG81

KG81

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WebCop in Destined Glory

• MAJOR AMPHIBIOUS NATO EXERCISE.

• CATF AND CLF COMMAND POST SUPPORT.

• ADVANCED FORCE AND ESCORT GROUP CTGs INTEGRATED (OTH-G/LINK-14).

• NAVAL LINK11 INTEGRATED.

• APPLICATION IN TFCOP GENERATION, COLLABORATIVE PLANNING, INTELLIGENCE EXCHANGE, ATO DISSEMINATION. BRIEFING SUPPORT.

• ACTUAL LF. CP DEPLOYMENT IN AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT. ACTUAL OPS PLANNING DUE TO LAST MINUTE METEO CONDITION CHANGE

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Amphibious Operation

DB

DB

FLEET

INT OPS

CATF

INT OPS

CLF

OPS INT

GDB

INTELBASICA

METEO

INFO.GEN

PLANS

PLANSOBTEN.

DATOS

OP/ORDIRECTI.

PLANS

PLANESOPS

DATOS US

PLANES

ÓRDENES

DATOS US

B.D. Doc.

B.D. Op.

DB

BRIEFINGALFLOT

COP

AGDELTACOPGBRIAM

COP

PRCDM.

INTEL.TÁCTICA

PLANS

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WebCOP in TAPON

• MAJOR COMBINED JOINT EXERCISE, (NAVY LEAD, ARMY AND AF).

• GIBRALTAR STRAIGHT NAVAL BLOCKADE AND HOSTILE COUNTRY COMBAT GROUP INTERDICTION.

• SYSTEM DEPLOYED IN:

NAVAL COMMAND (NCA).

NAVAL OP CENTER (CTF).

PRINCIPE DE ASTURIAS CARRIER (CTG).

NAVARRA FFG-7 (CTG).

• AUTOMATIC INTEGRATION WITH C3I NAVY/(LINK11) ARMY/(SADL). AF/(SADA).

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Lesson Learned. Is it useful?

• IT DOES PROVIDE AN USEFUL ANSWER TO C3I REQ.

• EASY DEPLOYMENT ON SECURE COMMERCIAL AND MILITARY CIRCUITS.

• EASY OPERATION. WINDOWS AND INTERNET LITERATED USERS NEED FEW HOURS FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING.

• HIGH FLEXIBILITY. ALMOST ANY PLACE ANY TIME. AMPHIBIOUS DEPLOYMENT/REDEPLOYMENT WITH AUTOMATIC NETWORK CONFIGURATION FULLY DEMONSTRATED.

• EASY INTEGRATION WITH OTHER C2 SYSTEM.

• STRAIGHT FORWARD INTEGRATION WITH OTHER TCP/IP SYSTEM.

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Lesson Learned. What is Pending?

• OPERATIONAL/TACTICAL COMMANDERS BETTER TECHNOLOGY UNDERSTANDING.

• NEED OF COP MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES.

• TRAINED CIS AND MIS OFFICERS ASSIGNED TO STAFF.

• COMMAND STRUCTURE/C2 PROC/CIS-MIS ARCHITECTURE CLOSE INTEGRATION FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE PLANNING PHASE.

BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Francisco GONZÁLEZ Mene is Doctor Engineer in Telecommunications from the Politecnic University of Madrid in 1976. He obtained his Master degree in Telecommunications from the Superior School of Telecommunicatios of Madrid in 1974. He took several courses of especialization in Information and Control Systems, educational courses in Management and Economics. He has two Naval Merit First Class Decorations. His areas of knowledge and experience are: In Direction of Engineering and Consulting: · Electronic and Information Systems. · Telecomunications Systems. · Control Systems. · Logistics and Quality Systems. · Advanced Tecnologies. · R and D Projects. In Management and Planing: · Preparation and implementation of Strategic Plans · Design and control of developement, production, commercial and financial plans. · Coordination and Direction of technical, commercial and production departaments. Main Professional occupations: · Director of Military Systems Directorate in ISDEFE since 1991. · Director of Weapons Systems Department in Bazan, 1989-90. · Project Manager of MEROKA, A.A. Defense System, 1983-88. · Technical Director of Combat Systems Department in Bazan,1981-84.

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