AfiLabAfiLabThe Tool for The Tool for

KetosisKetosisOABP Meeting – November 14, 2012OABP Meeting – November 14, 2012

Jeff Durkin, DVMApplication Specialist afimilk USA

jeff@afimilk.com360 610 1554

Ketosis and Negative Energy BalanceKetosis and Negative Energy Balance

• Very common in high producing herds

• High losses

• Sub clinical ketosis (SCK) >>> Clinical ketosis (CK)

Ketosis and ProductionKetosis and Production

• Ketosis, leads to a gradual loss of appetite• Lowers milk production

Peak, Persistency and Negative Energy Balance (NEB) 1st Peak, Persistency and Negative Energy Balance (NEB) 1st Lactations Cows* Lactations Cows* (8882 cows in 86 herds)(8882 cows in 86 herds)

1 % persistency = 304.0 lbs in 305 days

* Oded Nir, 2010

Sub-Clinical Ketosis (SCK) - LossesSub-Clinical Ketosis (SCK) - Losses• 100 herds average of 840 cows (range 265-2770)

• 2785 cows tested• Cows with Sub-clinical ketosis:

o Reduction of 14%-18% of conception rateo Less 453 kg/lactation (305 days)o Increase culling rate

Nydam, 2011

Sub-Clinical Ketosis - TreatmentSub-Clinical Ketosis - Treatment

• 4 herds - 1717 cow testedo Sub clinical ketosis definition BHBA=1.2-2 mmole/Lo 43% of the cows with SCK (range 26.4-55.7%)

o Propylene Glycol treatment – shorten time for recovery, decrease clinical ketosis and DA events, improve milk production and fertility

Nydam, 2011

Negative Energy Balance by Days in Milk (DIM)Negative Energy Balance by Days in Milk (DIM)

Adapted from: Oded Nir

Clinical Ketosis Vs. Sub-Clinical KetosisClinical Ketosis Vs. Sub-Clinical Ketosis

From: Oded Nir

2603 lactations of multiparous cows in 7 herds (1982-1984)

• How do I find ketosis?

• When do I check cows for ketosis?

• What is the ketosis rate in my herd?

Questions That Every Herdsman Must AskQuestions That Every Herdsman Must Ask

• Fat:Protein ratio

• Early detection

• Continuous monitoring - every day all the day

The AfiLab Way….The AfiLab Way….

Milkfat

Milkprotein

• Correlation between metabolic diseases and milk components

• Ketosis (NEB) – Fat/Protein Ratio (FPR)> 1.35-1.50 (Heuer et. al., 1999)

Fat:Protein RatioFat:Protein Ratio

 ModelFat/protein ratioSensitivitySpecificity

DailyHigh48.5%80.7%

MilkingLow80.9%51.7%

Diagnosing Ketosis using AfiLab dataDiagnosing Ketosis using AfiLab data

• A field trial (395 cows sample)• The “gold standard”: Serum BHBA >1.4 mmol/l• Rate of ketosis 21.0%• Models:

Daily List of “Ketotic” Cows Daily List of “Ketotic” Cows (5 to 45 DIM)(5 to 45 DIM)

Cows high probability (80. 7%) of being “ketotic”

Cows moderate probability (51.7%) of being “ketotic”

Based on a study field preformed by Afimilk Applied Research Team. Shkulnik et al, 2009

Diurnal patterns of plasma BHBADiurnal patterns of plasma BHBA (Beta-hydroxybutyrice acid) (Beta-hydroxybutyrice acid)

From: Meier et al., 2010

AfiLab – Negative Energy BalanceAfiLab – Negative Energy BalanceUndetectedUndetected Cows Cows

Profit of $5,500 per YearProfit of $5,500 per Year14

45X220=9,900

Undetected CowsLost Liters1.6% Persistency LostLiters

9,900X$0.56~$5,500

LitersPer liter in IsraelPer Year

300X0.3=90

CowsCows with NEBafter calvingNEB Cows

90X0.5=45

NEB CowCows with NEB that will not be treated for Ketosis Undetected Cows

AfiLab – Early Treatment for NEB CowsAfiLab – Early Treatment for NEB Cows

Profit of $2,500 per YearProfit of $2,500 per Year

15

45X100=4,500Ketosis CowsLiter lossLiters

4,500X$0.56~$2,500

LitersPer liter in IsraelPer Year

AfiLab – Open Days ImprovementAfiLab – Open Days Improvement

Profit of $3,780 per YearProfit of $3,780 per Year

16

45X21=945Untreated

CowsAdditional open

days per cowDays

945X$4~$3,780

DaysPer DayPer Year

300 milking cow herd

17

Undetected Cow$5,500

Early Ketosis Treatment$2,500

Open Days$3,780

Per Year Profit$11,780

AfiLab - Negative Energy Balance ProfitAfiLab - Negative Energy Balance Profit

• Ketosis – high impact on dairy cows production and fertility

• Fat:Protein ratio indication for ketosis

• AFiLab – continuous monitoring

• Expected benefit - 40$/cow/year

Afilab The Tool for KetosisAfilab The Tool for Ketosis

What is wrong with cow 919?

Milk

Cow 919 have high fat:protein ration

MilkFat %

So cow 919 is OK the AfiLab is wrong…

A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health Report for the period 11/10-10/11)

• 220 Holstein cows• The extended 305 days milk yield is 10,981 kg • All cows are checked routinely for ketosis 5 to 12

days postpartum

Next 3 slides based on: Oded Nir

A cow with a fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the milk tests carried out 5 to 35 DIM was defined to be in a state of a NEB

A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health Report for the period 11/10-10/11)

• Ketosis rate – 42% (90/214)• 45 cows detected out of 90 cases (50%)

Total annual financial loss is estimated at US$ 11,685

US$ 61.4/cow in the herd

Comparing the milk test results to the cows diagnosed with ketosis

high fat/protein & ketosis

Number of cows with fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the first milk test with no diagnosis of ketosis high fat/protein, no ketosis

45low fat/protein & ketosis

24low fat/protein, no ketosis

12421

• Why so many cows are missed?• The answer lies in the profile of the NEB in this herd:

a late ketosis!

• What can he do more?o Improve the feeding in the transition period? He tried!o Use feed additives? He tried!o Check all cows for ketosis everyday? Not practical?!!

Now let’s talk about feeding ….

AfilabAfilab

Thank you

AfiLab – Real Time Milk Analyzer AfiLab – Real Time Milk Analyzer

• Daily milk component measurement device

Fat Protein Lactose

• Quality Control Alerts On line blood detection, alerting and stop milking

(Panel lock)

On Going DevelopmentOn Going Development

SCC non labeled (clean) detection of four levels:

I. Less than 200KII. 200-400KIII. 400-800KIV. More than 800

Technological DisciplineTechnological Discipline

Optical characteristics of light scattering off matter

Multivariate analysis ofabsorbance Spectrum ofmilk in near infra-red

AfiLab ConceptAfiLab Concept

Automated coupling of the “lab” to each stall Automated coupling of the “lab” to each stall in real timein real time

• Free flow• Continuously measures milk components during milking• Provides daily milk analysis for animal health and performance• Easy maintenance• Part of the regular cleaning system in the milking parlor• Clean Measurement – No use of reagents needed• Affordable for every milking point

32

6%

5%

Days30

XiRefL

XP

XiA

%Fat

Multiple Sampling VS. Single Multiple Sampling VS. Single Periodic SamplingPeriodic Sampling

Periodic lab samplings

Real Life Afilab

Estimation…

Periodic lab samplings

5%

• During a week’s time, is milk fat % for a given cow better determined using 14 measures (each

milking) by AfiLab or 2 consecutive measures (1

day) by an Infra-red lab?

o 30 Holstein Cows averaging 40.7 kg/d of milk

o Milk sampled for 14 consecutive milkings (7 days)

o Milk composition analyzed by

AFI-lab

DHIA lab using Bentley NIR equipment (FL)

o Milk sample collection began the day after recalibration of AFI

University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)

Day-to-day Variation for Individual CowsDay-to-day Variation for Individual Cows

Daily Variation in Milk Fat % Across 7 Days of Daily Variation in Milk Fat % Across 7 Days of Sampling (DHIA Lab) for Cow 15891Sampling (DHIA Lab) for Cow 15891

7-day Mean of 3.11%

2.51%

2.75%

3.80%

From: Staples et al., 2011

Results:

Using 2x milking data, 39.7% (73/184) of daily measures of milk fat% by DHIA were more than 0.2 percentage units from the weekly average (i.e. 3 of 7 days)

Conclusion:

When AfiLab is accurate, AfiLab measures averaged across 14 milkings can be a more reliable tool for measure of weekly milk fat % than NIR when milk samples are collected at two consecutive milkings

University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)

Day-to-day Variation for Individual CowsDay-to-day Variation for Individual Cows

Milk QualityMilk Quality

Mastitis Alert - LactoseMastitis Alert - Lactose

• Sub-clinical mastitis detection and improve clinical mastitis detection 15-20% of milking cows are infected Early treatment improve milk production

• Concept: Lactose sharply drops during clinical events Some bacteria (sub-clinical) decrease lactose

level

Clinical mastitisClinical mastitis

Milk Quality – BloodMilk Quality – Blood

Milk Quality – Milk SeparationMilk Quality – Milk Separation

Blood, SCC

High Prot%

Low fat% Good Quality Milk