THE JOHN FTHE JOHN FTHE JOHN FTHE JOHN FTHE JOHN F. KENNEDY. KENNEDY. KENNEDY. KENNEDY. KENNEDYNANANANANATIONAL SECURITY FILESTIONAL SECURITY FILESTIONAL SECURITY FILESTIONAL SECURITY FILESTIONAL SECURITY FILES

AFRICA:AFRICA:AFRICA:AFRICA:AFRICA:NANANANANATIONAL SECURITY FILES,TIONAL SECURITY FILES,TIONAL SECURITY FILES,TIONAL SECURITY FILES,TIONAL SECURITY FILES,

1961–19631961–19631961–19631961–19631961–1963FIRST SUPPLEMENTFIRST SUPPLEMENTFIRST SUPPLEMENTFIRST SUPPLEMENTFIRST SUPPLEMENT

A UPA Collectionfrom

The John F. KennedyNational Security Files,

1961–1963Africa

First Supplement

National Security FilesGeneral Editor

George C. Herring

Microfilmed from the Holdings ofThe John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts

Project CoordinatorRobert E. Lester

Guide compiled byDan Elasky

4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389

A UPA Collection from

Copyright © 2004 LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions,a division of Reed Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved.ISBN 1-55655-905-4.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa, First supplement[microform].

microfilm reels.“Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.”Summary: Reproduces memoranda, cables, intelligence reports, correspondence, and special

studies, in a chronological arrangement by country.Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Dan Elasky entitled: A guide to the microfilm

edition of The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa, Firstsupplement.

ISBN 1-55655-905-41. Africa—Foreign relations—United States—Sources. 2. United States—Foreign

relations—Africa—Sources. 3. Africa—Foreign relations—1960—Sources. 4. UnitedStates—Foreign relations—1961–1963—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Elasky, Dan.III. John F. Kennedy Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm) V. Title: Guide tothe microfilm edition of The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Africa,First supplement.

DT38.7327.7306'09'046—dc22 2004048439

CIP

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTSScope and Content Note ...................................................................................... v

Source Note ........................................................................................................... ix

Editorial Note ......................................................................................................... ix

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................ ix

Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ xi

Reel Index

Reel 1Africa ............................................................................................................... 1

Reel 2Africa cont. ...................................................................................................... 3Algeria ............................................................................................................. 3

Reel 3Algeria cont. ..................................................................................................... 4Angola ............................................................................................................. 5Cameroon........................................................................................................ 5

Reel 4Cameroon cont. ............................................................................................... 5Central African Republic ................................................................................. 5Congo .............................................................................................................. 6

Reels 5–9Congo cont. ..................................................................................................... 7

Reel 10Congo cont. ..................................................................................................... 14Dahomey ......................................................................................................... 14Ethiopia............................................................................................................ 14

Reel 11Gabon ............................................................................................................. 15Ghana ............................................................................................................. 15

iv

Guinea ............................................................................................................. 16Ivory Coast ...................................................................................................... 17Kenya .............................................................................................................. 17Liberia .............................................................................................................. 17

Reel 12Liberia cont. ..................................................................................................... 18Libya ................................................................................................................ 18Malagasy ......................................................................................................... 18Mauritania ........................................................................................................ 18Morocco .......................................................................................................... 19

Reel 13Morocco cont. ................................................................................................. 19Niger ................................................................................................................ 20Nigeria ............................................................................................................. 20

Reel 14Nigeria cont. .................................................................................................... 20Nyasaland ....................................................................................................... 21Rhodesia ......................................................................................................... 21Rwanda-Burundi ............................................................................................. 21Senegal ........................................................................................................... 22Sierra Leone .................................................................................................... 22Somalia............................................................................................................ 22

Reel 15Somalia cont. ................................................................................................... 22South Africa ..................................................................................................... 23Sudan .............................................................................................................. 23

Reel 16Sudan cont. ..................................................................................................... 23Tanganyika ...................................................................................................... 23Togo ................................................................................................................. 23Tunisia ............................................................................................................. 24

Reel 17Tunisia cont. ..................................................................................................... 25

Reel 18Tunisia cont. ................................................................................................... 26Uganda ............................................................................................................ 26Union Africaine et Malagache (UAM) .............................................................. 26Upper Volta ...................................................................................................... 26

Principal Correspondents Index .......................................................................... 27

Subject Index ......................................................................................................... 31

v

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTEThe John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963, Africa, First Supplement

contains a vast collection of recently released documents on political, social, andeconomic developments in Africa, as well as on the Kennedy administration’s efforts bothto respond to these developments and to shape them. The 1961–1963 span overlapsmuch of the critical period during which African societies achieved the transition fromtheir status as colonies of European powers to that of full independence and sovereignty.

The collection offers significant amounts of material on many issues of criticalimportance in the emergence and development of African nations. The material isorganized into a general section for documents on Africa as a whole, followed byseparate sections for each of thirty-two countries and the African and Malagasy Union(Union Africaine et Malagache, or UAM).

Each section contains some or all of the following types of documents: diplomaticcables, military and intelligence reports, White House–State Department letters andnotes, memoranda of White House conversations, political/economic assessments,personal communications between African leaders, or communications between themand John F. Kennedy, other U.S. officials, United Nations (UN) officials, or Europeanleaders.

African leaders receiving prominent coverage include Cyrille Adoula, Ahmadou Ahidjo,Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Ahmed Ben Bella, Justin Bomboko, Habib Bourguiba, KingHassan II, Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Joseph Kasavubu, Tom Mboya, Joseph Mobutu,Kwame Nkrumah, Milton Obote, Sylvanus Olympio, Ahmed Sekou Toure, Haile Selassie,Moise Tshombe, and William V. S. Tubman.

Four main themes, described below, run through the collection, which providessubstantial amounts of material on each one.

1. The Struggle for IndependenceAlthough many former European colonies in Africa had achieved the status of

sovereign states by the beginning of 1961, a few countries, like Algeria and Angola, wereengaged in protracted armed and political struggles for independence. The collectionprovides extensive documentation of the Algerian-French conflict, the cease-fire, post-cease-fire violence, terror attacks by the Secret Army Organization (OAS), theprovisional government, the ascendance of Ben Bella, Algerian sovereignty, and relationswith Morocco.

Even as newly sovereign countries celebrated their new status with solemnceremonies and joyous celebrations, they faced difficult decisions on the kinds ofrelations they would maintain with their former European rulers. Countries like Algeria, theBelgian Congo, and Tunisia resolved, in their different ways, questions concerning themaintenance of European government institutions, the continuing presence of Europeanprofessionals like teachers and technicians, and the protection of European landownersand industrialists and their often extensive properties.

vi

2. The Quest for National UnityMany leaders in the newly independent nations of Africa faced formidable difficulties as

they attempted to unify the various tribes, ethnic groups, and political factions in theircountries. A great deal of material in this collection focuses on efforts to build stablepolitical institutions, hold free elections, deal with parliaments, form coalitions, win powerstruggles, and resolve intertribal rivalries.

The stability of governments was often threatened by disruptive or violent tactics byinsurgent groups, such as the OAS in Algeria or Spear of the Nation and South WestAfrica People’s Organization (SWAPO) in southern Africa. There were alsoassassinations or attempted assassinations involving Togo’s Sylvanus Olympio, Algeria’sMohammed Khemisti, and Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah.

A very large body of material in the collection covers the Katanga province secessionand resulting civil war in the Congo. The UN’s international military force receives muchcoverage, as does the intense three-way diplomacy among the Congo government ledby Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula and President Joseph Kasavubu, the Katangagovernment led by Moise Tshombe, and the UN contingent headed by Robert Gardinerand his chief, Secretary-General U Thant. The United States and many other countriesalso had active hands in the crisis—most notably Belgium, the former colonial ruler. Manydocuments provide a glimpse of the complex personalities involved, like the enigmaticTshombe and the assertive Belgian foreign minister, Paul-Henri Spaak.

3. Progress Toward Social and Economic DevelopmentAfter gaining independence, African leaders sought not only to achieve national unity

but also to advance the social and economic status of their societies. Tunisia retainedteachers, health professionals, and business executives, even as it tried to develop theskills of its native labor force. It also formulated careful current fiscal policies and long-term economic plans. Nigeria and Sudan engaged in ambitious projects to develop roads,harbors and ports, and communications systems. The Belgian Congo attempted toimplement financial controls on an often chaotic or corrupt fiscal system.

To accomplish all these goals, the countries required massive amounts of internationalassistance. They turned to the United States, the European Economic Community, theSino-Soviet bloc, and the nonaligned world for aid that ranged from food and drugs, tofinancing of national infrastructure projects, to flood relief, to import and export subsidies,to Peace Corps volunteers, to tractors and industrial machinery, to military trainingadvisers, and to hardware like aircraft, submarines, and armored vehicles.

4. Foreign relationsMost significantly, perhaps, the collection provides fascinating insights into the foreign

policy strategies of both African countries and European colonial powers. The researchercan follow presidents like Algeria’s Ahmed Ben Bella, Cameroon’s Ahmadou Ahidjo, andTunisia’s Habib Bourguiba; prime ministers like the Congo’s Cyrille Adoula; and foreignministers like Belgium’s Paul-Henri Spaak, Nigeria’s Jaja Wachuku, and the Congo’sJustin Bomboko, as they play key roles in advancing their countries’ internationalpositions.

A key part of a president’s strategy usually involved a visit to the United States and ameeting with President Kennedy. The collection provides detailed documentation of thesevisits, ranging from memoranda of conversations between Kennedy and his guests todinner toasts and joint communiqués.

vii

A country’s first and foremost foreign policy concern was, typically, its new relationshipwith its former colonial ruler. Of nearly equal importance, however, was its relationshipwith the UN. The countries prized their UN membership and assigned their bestdiplomats to UN posts. They viewed UN participation as the most effective, or even only,forum through which they could make their voices heard and influence world events. Aparticularly well-respected diplomat was Tunisia’s Mongi Slim, who was elected presidentof the UN General Assembly in 1961.

Countries like Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, and Kenya spearheaded drives toward Africanunity at different levels: regional groupings like the East African Federation, ideologicalentities like the so-called Casablanca and Monrovia groupings, and pan-Africanorganizations. These activities culminated in the 1963 Addis Ababa conference of headsof state, which Emperor Haile Selassie conducted with great success, establishing theOrganization for African Unity.

A thorny problem for some countries, like Ethiopia, Libya, and Morocco, was thedecision about the future of foreign military installations on their soil. The disposition ofeach base involved much intricate political and diplomatic maneuvering. Tunisia evenfought France over its base at Bizerte.

Influencing most of the important foreign policy decisions to a greater or lesser degreewas the cold war tension between the Sino-Soviet bloc and the Western alliance. At thesame time that the United States and its allies were determined, sometimes desperate, tobuild strong ties with the newly independent nations and to keep them from aligningthemselves with the Communists, the African countries themselves typically insisted onthe political stance of nonalignment—officially, at least, because most of the countriesunofficially stood perceptibly closer to one camp than the other. Many countries praisedPresident Kennedy’s stand in the Cuban missile crisis; yet they took pains also tocommend Nikita Khrushchev’s statesmanship during the confrontation.

The competitive pressures of the cold war, and the resulting diplomatic maneuvering,are obvious in the lines and between the lines of a great number of documents in thiscollection. Over and over, the researcher will see African presidents or prime ministersexpressing their determination not to be viewed as camp members or “stooges” of eitherthe capitalist West or the Communist East.

ix

SOURCE NOTEThe documents reproduced in this microfilm publication are donated historical

materials from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Papers, National Security Files,Countries, in the custody of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts. Thedonors have dedicated their literary rights to the public.

EDITORIAL NOTELexisNexis has microfilmed in their entirety all National Security Files (NSF) “Country

Files” documents that were declassified, sanitized, or unclassified as of January 2002 forAfrica. Some individual documents and folders of documents remain classified and/orunprocessed; LexisNexis has therefore included in this NSF microfilm publication the“Document Withdrawal Sheets” for each folder. These withdrawal sheets itemizedocuments that have been withdrawn from the folders, due to either national security orprivacy restrictions, by the staff of the John F. Kennedy Library. The table of contents liststhe various African countries that are included in this supplement and have availablerecently declassified and or processed material.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSLexisNexis would like to acknowledge the assistance and cooperation of the John F.

Kennedy Library. Mr. Stephen Plotkin and Ms. Sharon Kelly were most helpful and patientin providing the support necessary for completion of this microform. Their efforts aregreatly appreciated.

xi

ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations appear in this guide.

ANC African National CongressECA Economic Commission for AfricaEEC European Economic CommunityFLN Front de Liberation Nationale (Algeria)FRG Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)IMF International Monetary FundJFK John F. KennedyLBJ Lyndon Baines JohnsonNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOAU Organization for African UnityPAFMECSA Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central, and Southern

AfricaRFK Robert F. KennedySWAPO South West Africa People’s OrganizationUAM Union Africaine et Malagache (Africa and Malagasy Union)UAR United Arab RepublicUK United KingdomUMHK Union Minière du Haut KatangaUN United NationsUSAID U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentUSSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

1

REEL INDEX The following is a listing of the folders that compose The John F. Kennedy National Security

Files, 1961–1963, Africa, First Supplement. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title, the date(s) of the file, and the total number of pages. Substantive issues are highlighted under the heading Major Topics, as are prominent correspondents under the heading Principal Correspondents.

Reel 1 Africa

0001 General, June 1960–January 1961. 28 pp. Major Topics: U.S. naval bases in south Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean; Nigerian

students; Peace Corps; creation of independent African nations in French West Africa; Communist Party of South Africa; African students in U.S.; ANC.

Principal Correspondent: Horacio Rivero. 0029 General, February 1–March 30, 1961. 32 pp.

Major Topics: UN Economic Commission for Africa; housing for African delegations to UN; foreign assistance.

Principal Correspondents: Woodruff Wallner; Dean Rusk; William R. Duggan; Henry J. Tasca.

0061 General, March 21–May 30, 1961. 35 pp. Major Topics: Press; illiteracy; French policies; independence of former colonies

worldwide. Principal Correspondents: Chester Bowles; Carl T. Rowan; Henry S. Rowen; Walt W.

Rostow; Samuel E. Belk; Lucius D. Battle. 0096 General, August 1961. 36 pp.

Major Topics: South Africa; aid to African students in U.S. Principal Correspondents: Philip H. Coombs; Dean Rusk; Joseph C. Satterthwaite.

0132 General, September 1–10, 1961. 31 pp. Major Topics: G. Mennen Williams visit; African countries’ political conditions. Principal Correspondent: G. Mennen Williams.

0163 General, September 29–October 31, 1961. 36 pp. Major Topics: Racism toward African diplomats in U.S.; aid to African students in

U.S.; U.S. policy toward South Africa. Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Samuel E. Belk; Dean Rusk.

0199 General, November 1961. 35 pp. Major Topics: Nobel Prize award to Albert Luthuli; U.S.-UK talks; G. Mennen

Williams visit; African countries’ political conditions; labor problems; health care; education.

Principal Correspondents: G. Mennen Williams; Dean Rusk; George P. Delaney; Ralph W. McComas; Oliver J. Caldwell.

2

0234 General, December 1961–February 1962. 40 pp. Major Topics: Foreign assistance; JFK letter to Albert Luthuli; French aid. Principal Correspondents: Samuel E. Belk; John F. Kennedy; John Kenneth

Galbraith; Joseph C. Satterthwaite. 0274 General, March–April 1962. 76 pp.

Major Topics: Independence movements in Southwest Africa; SWAPO; USSR civil aviation aid; Africa Freedom Day.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph C. Satterthwaite; Roger Hilsman. 0350 General, May 1962. 86 pp.

Major Topics: USSR civil aviation aid; African airlines; U.S.-UK talks on aid; South Africa; G. Mennen Williams visit; African countries’ political conditions.

Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Theodore C. Achilles; Alan S. Boyd; G. Mennen Williams.

0436 General, June–July 1962. 75 pp. Major Topics: Black-white tensions in southern Africa; U.S. labor-related programs;

Casablanca Group; Monrovia Group; UAM; U.S.-FRG talks; Lincoln University African Student Center; U.S.-France talks.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph C. Satterthwaite; Henry Owen; James M. Gavin; Randolph A. Kidder.

0511 General, August–October 1962. 90 pp. Major Topics: Advisory Council on African Affairs; South Africa–UN dispute over

southwest Africa; southern Africa independence movements, white government positions, black-white tensions, and UK-U.S. relations.

Principal Correspondents: Harlan Cleveland; G. Mennen Williams; Dean Rusk. 0601 General, November–December 1962. 74 pp.

Major Topics: South Africa–UN dispute over southwest Africa; racist remarks by U.S. Senator Allen J. Ellender; African reaction to Ellender remarks; U.S. contingency planning for South Africa insurgency; Communist Party of South Africa; Nelson Mandela.

Principal Correspondents: Francis Plimpton; Edward R. Murrow; Joseph C. Satterthwaite.

0675 General, Memos and Miscellaneous, November 1962–February 1963. 79 pp. Major Topics: Political, economic, and social conditions; African perceptions of U.S.;

Peace Corps; U.S. food aid; USAID programs. Principal Correspondent: Chester Bowles.

0754 General, March 1963. 77 pp. Major Topics: South Africa–UN dispute over southwest Africa; U.S.-UK talks;

Ethiopia-Kenya-Somalia dispute; submarine sale to South Africa; military capabilities of Ghana, Nigeria, UAM states, and France.

Principal Correspondents: William H. Brubeck; Dean Rusk. 0831 General, May 1963. 135 pp.

Major Topics: Black-white tensions in southern Africa; South Africa subversive groups; Spear of the Nation; ANC; Pan-Africanist Congress; Albert Luthuli; Robert Sobukwe; Potlako Kitchener Leballo; U.S. embassy multiracial reception; African heads of state conference in Addis Ababa; resolutions concerning U.S. racism; OAU establishment; Addis Ababa conference participation by Haile Selassie, Kwame Nkrumah, Ahmed Sekou Tourre, Ahmed Ben Bella, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Julius Nyerere, Gamal Abdel Nasser, and Milton Obote.

Principal Correspondents: Walt W. Rostow; Edward M. Korry; Dean Rusk.

3

Reel 2 Africa cont.

0001 General, July 1963. 3 pp. Major Topic: JFK meeting on Africa. Principal Correspondent: William H. Brubeck.

Algeria 0004 General, January 20–April 23, 1961. 4 pp.

Major Topic: French policy. 0008 General, April 24–30, 1961. 3 pp. 0011 General, June–September 1961. 3 pp.

Major Topic: Libya policies. 0014 General, December 1961–January 1962. 14 pp.

Major Topics: France-Algerian negotiations; U.S. food aid; FLN; Secret Army Organization (OAS).

Principal Correspondent: James M. Gavin. 0028 General, February 15–28, 1962. 9 pp.

Major Topic: France-Algeria cease-fire. Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

0037 General, March 1–9, 1962. 5 pp. Major Topic: France-Algeria negotiations.

0042 General, March 10–15, 1962. 3 pp. 0045 General, March 16–30, 1962. 79 pp.

Major Topics: France-Algeria cease-fire agreement; post-cease-fire violence; Secret Army Organization (OAS) terrorism; French parliament session; USSR recognition of provisional government; cease-fire effect on Morocco.

Principal Correspondents: James M. Gavin; William J. Porter. 0124 General, April–June 1962. 156 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. aid; post-cease-fire violence; Secret Army Organization (OAS) terrorism; FLN; U.S. citizens in Algeria; U.S. contingency planning; French aid; independence referendum; refugees; Europeans exodus; U.S.-France talks on aid; Algerian independence; provisional government; U.S. recognition and embassy establishment; Soviet bloc recognition and embassy establishment; post-independence conditions; JFK statement draft.

Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Cecil B. Lyon; William J. Porter; Roger Hilsman; Dean Rusk.

0280 General, July 1–15, 1962. 134 pp. Major Topics: JFK statement; provisional government; U.S. recognition and embassy

establishment; U.S. food aid; Ahmed Ben Bella. Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; William J. Porter; James M.

Gavin. 0414 General, July 16–August 30, 1962. 122 pp.

Major Topics: International relief coordination; U.S. aid; Ahmed Ben Bella; provisional government; U.S. consulates; U.S. medical teams; U.S. recognition and embassy establishment; elections postponement; dissident military forces; Algiers unrest.

Principal Correspondents: William J. Porter; James M. Gavin; Adlai E. Stevenson.

4

0536 General, September 1–October 15, 1962. 139 pp. Major Topics: Algiers unrest; U.S. aid; Cuban influence; U.S. recognition and

embassy establishment; national assembly elections; JFK–Ahmed Ben Bella letter; Ben Bella; reforestation project; State Department assessment; official delegation to UN; Soviet bloc activities; Ben Bella–JFK talks; Cuba relations; Abdelkadar Chanderli; U.S. medical teams.

Principal Correspondents: William J. Porter; Dean Rusk; James M. Gavin; Roger Hilsman; Robert W. Komer.

0675 General, October 16–December 31, 1962. 145 pp. Major Topics: U.S. aid; French aid; agricultural crisis; Cuba relations; Ahmed Ben

Bella–JFK talks; Algerian leadership; Ben Bella; Soviet bloc relations. Principal Correspondents: William J. Porter; Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Allan

Evans. 0820 General, January–May 1963. 148 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. aid; Tunisia relations; Ahmed Ben Bella; U.S. military property; G. Mennen Williams visit; French nuclear test; French properties expropriation; Mohammed Khemisti assassination; Fidel Castro visit; Gamal Abdel Nasser visit; UAR Federation.

Principal Correspondents: William J. Porter; Dean Rusk; G. Mennen Williams; Charles E. Bohlen; Robert W. Komer; Jeanne Davis.

Reel 3 Algeria cont.

0001 General, June–September 1963. 102 pp. Major Topics: French aid; independence celebration; Portuguese Africa; Ahmed Ben

Bella; Che Guevara visit; JFK–Cherif Guellal talks; constitution adoption; USSR aid; economy.

Principal Correspondents: William J. Porter; John Root. 0103 General, Memoranda of Conversations, April 5–November 29, 1962. 51 pp.

Major Topics: Abdelkadar Chanderli; French recognition; Ahmed Ben Bella–JFK talks.

0154 General, October 1963. 140 pp. Major Topics: Morocco conflict; UAR involvement; Maghreb; Haile Selassie visit;

Ahmed Ben Bella; Dean Rusk; JFK–Ben Bella communication; Cuban arms aid. Principal Correspondents: John Root; William J. Porter; George W. Ball; John F.

Kennedy. 0294 General, November 1963. 101 pp.

Major Topics: Morocco-Algeria cease-fire; JFK–Muhammed Yazid talks; China aid; oil pipeline; Ba’th Party in Iraq.

Principal Correspondent: William J. Porter. 0395 Subjects, Prime Minister Ben Bella Briefing Book, October 1962. 77 pp.

Major Topics: Ahmed Ben Bella–JFK talks; foreign relations; political situation; economy; foreign assistance; U.S.-French refinery project; France-Algeria cease-fire agreement.

Principal Correspondent: William J. Porter.

5

0472 Subjects, Proposed Prime Minister Ben Bella Visit 1963, July 31–October 20, 1963. 30 pp.

Major Topic: Ahmed Ben Bella–JFK talks. Principal Correspondent: Robert W. Komer.

Angola 0502 General, January–June 1961. 47 pp.

Major Topics: UN Security Council resolution; guerrilla warfare; Portuguese colonial policies.

Principal Correspondents: Samuel E. Belk; Kenneth R. Hansen. 0549 General, Presidential Task Force Report on Portuguese Territories in Africa,

July 1961. 89 pp. Major Topics: Portuguese colonial policies; UN Security Council resolution; Soviet

bloc activities; guerrilla warfare; U.S.-Portugal relations; NATO action; U.S. military base in Azores; Franco Nogueira; Antonio de Oliveira Salazar; Carlos Salamanca; students seeking foreign asylum.

Principal Correspondents: Samuel E. Belk; Walt W. Rostow; Dean Rusk; Roger Hilsman; C. Burke Elbrick.

0638 General, Presidential Task Force Report on Portuguese Territories in Africa, July 12, 1961. 107 pp.

Major Topics: Political/social conditions; Portuguese colonial policies; guerrilla warfare; white settlers; Antonio de Oliveira Salazar; Portugal political conditions; Union of Angolan Peoples; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola; UN actions; Soviet bloc activities; economy; U.S. actions chronology; U.S.-Portugal treaties.

0745 General, January–December 1962. 6 pp.

Cameroon 0751 General, 1961. 77 pp.

Major Topics: Violence against Cameroon embassy in U.S.; reunification; terrorism; Union des Populations du Cameroun; closing of embassy in U.S.; Ahmadou Ahidjo; Aine-Raymond N’Thepe; Arthur J. Goldberg visit; Ahidjo U.S. visit.

Principal Correspondent: Leland Barrows. 0828 General, 1962. 118 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. rules on visits by foreign heads of state; Ahmadou Ahidjo–JFK talks; terrorism; Angola; Congo; U.S. aid; Kuoh Moukouri; internal defense plan.

Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Leland Barrows; Lucius D. Battle.

Reel 4 Cameroon cont.

0001 General, 1963. 61 pp. Major Topics: Jean-Faustin Betayene; Ahmadou Ahidjo–JFK talks; country profile. Principal Correspondent: Leland Barrows.

Central African Republic 0062 General, 1961–1963. 67 pp.

Major Topics: David Dacko; floods; Jean-Pierre Kombet; U.S. racial policies; Claude G. Ross.

Principal Correspondents: Robert Melone; John H. Burns.

6

Congo 0129 General, January–April 1961. 21 pp.

Major Topics: Civil war; UN military operations. 0150 General, May–September 1961. 4 pp. 0154 General, November 12–30, 1961. 45 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. Senator Thomas J. Dodd visit to Katanga; Moise Tshombe; Paul-Henri Spaak; Tshombe-JFK communication; Belgium-Congo relations; Patrice Lumumba assassination UN investigation.

Principal Correspondents: Lucius D. Battle; Dean Rusk. 0199 General, February 1–12, 1962. 2 pp.

Major Topic: George Meany and Congo labor movement. Principal Correspondent: George McMurtrie Godley.

0201 General, Tripartite Congo Talks, May 1962, Folder 1 of 2. 11 pp. Major Topic: U.S.-UK-Belgium talks on Congo-Katanga reconciliation. Principal Correspondent: David K. E. Bruce.

0212 General, Tripartite Congo Talks, May 1962, Folder 2 of 2. 5 pp. Major Topic: U.S.-UK-Belgium talks on Congo-Katanga reconciliation. Principal Correspondent: Harold Macmillan.

0217 General, October 30–November 5, 1962. 3 pp. Principal Correspondent: George S. McGhee.

0220 General, December 1–13, 1962. 4 pp. Major Topics: Belgium-Congo relations; Moise Tshombe. Principal Correspondent: Paul-Henri Spaak.

0224 General, December 14–17, 1962. 2 pp. Major Topic: U.S. air squadron deployment. Principal Correspondent: McGeorge Bundy.

0226 General, December 18–31, 1962. 9 pp. Major Topics: Civil war; UN military operations; Cyrille Adoula; Moise Tshombe. Principal Correspondents: Bromley Smith; Lord Home.

0235 General, George Ball’s Papers, December 1962. 6 pp. Major Topics: Civil war; Moise Tshombe. Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Chester Bowles.

0241 General, January 1–15, 1963. 6 pp. Major Topics: Civil war; Moise Tshombe. Principal Correspondent: Carl Kaysen.

0247 General, February 1–April 15, 1963. 10 pp. Major Topic: Cyrille Adoula.

0257 General, October 11–November 22, 1963. 10 pp. Major Topics: Cyrille Adoula–JFK talks; post–civil war administration.

0267 Cables, Stogner/Thryrng Case, February 1962. 49 pp. Major Topics: U.S. Army Attaché Hulen D. Stogner murder; Elizabeth Thryrng

imprisonment and release. Principal Correspondents: George McMurtrie Godley; Dean Rusk; Edmund A.

Gullion. 0316 Cables, London Talks [May 1962]. 41 pp.

Major Topic: U.S.-UK-Belgium talks on Congo-Katanga reconciliation. Principal Correspondent: David K. E. Bruce.

0357 Cables, May 25–29, 1962. 3 pp.

7

0360 Cables, June 1–7, 1962. 48 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Moise Tshombe–Cyrille Adoula talks;

international aid; U.S. citizens in UN Congo positions; U.S. aid. Principal Correspondents: Lewis Hoffacker; Dean Rusk; Edmund A. Gullion.

0408 Cables, June 8–13, 1962. 56 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. aid; Moise Tshombe–Cyrille

Adoula talks; Belgium-Congo relations; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Katanga tax collection; international aid; UN operations; Robert Gardiner; financial controls.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Edmund A. Gullion. 0464 Cables, June 14–15, 1962. 51 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. aid; financial brigade; UN operations; Robert Gardiner; international aid; financial controls.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk. 0515 Cables, June 16–20, 1962. 51 pp.

Major Topics: Michel Streulens; financial controls; international aid. Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk.

0566 Cables, June 21–30, 1962. 183 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; protection of Moise Tshombe in

Leopoldville; Joseph Kasavubu–JFK communication; UN involvement; Tshombe–Cyrille Adoula talks; Robert Gardiner; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Justin Bomboko; international aid; Katanga taxation; Belgium-U.S. reconciliation plan; U.S. aid; military assistance; government reorganization; final communiqué; Tshombe-Adoula talks suspension; Katanga economic sanctions; financial controls.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball; Adlai E. Stevenson.

0749 Cables, July 1–6, 1962. 126 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Italy aid; financial controls; draft

constitution; Justin Bomboko; France aid; Cleophas Kamitatu; Moise Tshombe; Joseph Desiree Mobutu; Cyrille Adoula; U Thant; UN–Congolese army relations; Katanga independence celebrations; FRG aid; UN intervention; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; Charles W. Yost. 0875 Cables, July 7–15, 1962. 128 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. aid; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Belgian policies; Justin Bomboko; Cleophas Kamitatu; financial controls; UMHK and Societe Generale; draft constitution; Congo-Katanga roadblock; Moise Tshombe; Nigerian battalion.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; Douglas MacArthur II.

Reel 5 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, July 16–23, 1962. 139 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Moise Tshombe; Cyrille Adoula; Robert

Gardiner; Congo-Katanga roadblock violence; Katanga women’s march; Jean Back; Jaja Wachuku; draft constitution; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Belgian policies; UMHK finances; Societe Generale; UN intervention; Gardiner press conference; U Thant.

8

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; Charles W. Yost; Lewis Hoffacker; George W. Ball.

0140 Cables, July 24–31, 1962. 125 pp. Major Topics: Diamond marketing; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. proposal;

Moise Tshombe; Cyrille Adoula; Adoula-JFK communication; Robert Gardiner; U Thant; Ellud Wambe Mathu; Nigeria mediation; Senegal mediation; India military aid; Tshombe-JFK communication; UN intervention.

Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Charles W. Yost; Lewis Hoffacker; Joseph Palmer II; Dean Rusk; U Thant.

0265 Cables, August 1–6, 1962. 79 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Nigeria intervention; Paul-Henri Spaak

on Congo reconciliation; Belgian policies; government reorganization; U.S. proposal; financial controls; Italian military aid; Katanga air blockade; new provinces creation.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph Palmer II; W. Wendell Blancke; Dean Rusk; George McMurtrie Godley.

0344 Cables, August 7–9, 1962. 107 pp. Major Topics: Katanga air blockade; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. proposal;

French UN payment arrears; Mobil Oil; U.S. military aid; Cyrille Adoula; Belgium-Congo relations; UK policies.

Principal Correspondents: Charles W. Yost; Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk. 0451 Cables, August 10–15, 1962. 147 pp.

Major Topics: George W. Ball–Moise Tshombe talks cancellation; UN members’ payment arrears; Edmund A. Gullion; Katanga military forces; mercenaries; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; U.S. proposal; Ralph Bunche.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Adlai E. Stevenson; Dean Rusk; David H. McKillop; Roger W. Tubby; George W. Ball.

0598 Cables, August 16–21, 1962. 115 pp. Major Topics: UN troops; Katanga-Congo military engagements; military airlift;

Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan; Cyrille Adoula and Moise Tshombe response to UN plan; Robert Gardiner; U Thant; Hubert F. Julian release; new provinces creation.

Principal Correspondent: Edmund A. Gullion. 0713 Cables, August 22–26, 1962. 79 pp.

Major Topics: Katanga political parties; Georges Denis; Cyrille Adoula; UMHK finances; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan; Moise Tshombe response to UN plan.

Principal Correspondent: Edmund A. Gullion. 0792 Cables, August 27–31, 1962. 106 pp.

Major Topics: Antoine Gizenga release; Angolan military training in Congo; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan; UN military intervention contingencies; Moise Tshombe response to UN plan; UMHK withholding of dividend payments; financial controls; mercenaries; Lewis Hoffacker; Jaja Wachuku.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; Douglas MacArthur II.

0898 Cables, Hoffacker Mission, August 1962. 28 pp. Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk.

9

Reel 6 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, September 1–5, 1962. 102 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Moise Tshombe response to UN plan;

Tshombe meetings with tribal chiefs; UN troops stationing in Katanga; UN reaction to Tshombe response; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Cyrille Adoula on Tshombe; UN plan implementation.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; Douglas MacArthur II.

0103 Cables, September 6–9, 1962. 87 pp. Major Topics: UN plan implementation; UN troops stationing in Katanga; Cyrille

Adoula implementation of UN plan; Antoine Gizenga release; Cleophas Kamitatu political activities; David Y. Tshombe; international aid; UMHK finances; Mahmoud Khiary; Sebastien Kini; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan implementation; new constitution.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Douglas MacArthur II; Paul-Henri Spaak; Adlai E. Stevenson.

0190 Cables, September 10–15, 1962. 132 pp. Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan implementation; Katanga

referendum; draft constitution; UMHK cooperation with UN plan; Katanga-UN military engagement; Paul-Henri Spaak on UN plan implementation; Congo army movements; Moise Tshombe press statement; U.S. citizens in UN Congo operations; Howard Brinton.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk. 0322 Cables, September 16–23, 1962. 95 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN plan implementation; draft constitution; Congo army movements; Moise Tshombe response to UN plan; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; UN reconnaissance aircraft downing; Robert Gardiner.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk. 0417 Cables, September 24–30, 1962. 167 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Paul-Henri Spaak on UN plan; George C. McGhee visit; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Katanga-India troop conflicts; Moise Tshombe on draft constitution; Tshombe implementation of UN plan.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball.

0584 Cables, October 1–2, 1962. 5 pp. Major Topic: Michel Streulens. Principal Correspondent: Adlai E. Stevenson.

0589 Cables, October 5, 1962. 5 pp. Major Topic: UN plan implementation. Principal Correspondent: George W. Ball.

0594 Cables, October 6–7, 1962. 3 pp. 0597 Cables, October 9–10, 1962. 2 pp.

10

0599 Cables, October 11, 1962. 11 pp. Major Topics: Cease-fire; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; draft constitution; Cyrille

Adoula rejection of UN plan elements; Adoula political difficulties; George C. McGhee visit.

Principal Correspondents: Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk. 0610 Cables, October 12, 1962. 6 pp.

Major Topic: UN plan implementation. Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

0616 Cables, October 13, 1962. 3 pp. 0619 Cables, October 15, 1962. 4 pp. 0623 Cables, October 16, 1962. 2 pp. 0625 Cables, October 19–31, 1962. 154 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; amnesty for political crimes; U.S. aid; cease-fire; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; international aid for army modernization; Ralph Bunche.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk. 0779 Cables, November 1–7, 1962. 125 pp.

Major Topics: Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; JFK-Adoula communication; international aid; oil company operations/finances in Katanga; Italy military aircraft aid; Ellud Wambe Mathu; U.S. handling of Cuba crisis; draft constitution; Congo attack on Kongolo, Katanga.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; Jonathan Dean; Adlai E. Stevenson.

Reel 7 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, November 8–19, 1962. 255 pp. Major Topics: Katanga economy; UMHK operations/finances; Congo-Katanga

reconciliation; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; Robert Gardiner; amnesty; UN military planning; Joseph Kasavubu; Katanga business tax; George C. McGhee; Ellud Wambe Mathu; Kenneth Keating–Tshombe talks; bombings by Katanga aircraft; UN-Congo military action against Katanga; Congo military aircraft needs; Israel rockets.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Douglas MacArthur II; Lewis Hoffacker; Adlai E. Stevenson; George C. McGhee.

0256 Cables, November 20–26, 1962. 157 pp. Major Topics: UN military planning; Ahmadou Ahidjo; Congo control of Katanga

revenues; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; UMHK payments; Robert Gardiner; Belgium-Congo relations; Adoula-parliament relations; bombings by Katanga aircraft; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Congo military aircraft needs; Joseph Desiree Mobutu; international aid for army modernization.

Principal Correspondents: Jonathan Dean; George C. McGhee; Douglas MacArthur II; James L. O’Sullivan; Dean Rusk; Edmund A. Gullion; Adlai E. Stevenson.

11

0413 Cables, November 27–30, 1962. 158 pp. Major Topics: Prime ministerial candidates; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Cyrille

Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; UMHK payments; Joseph Kasavubu; UMHK payments; U.S. airlift; Paul-Henri Spaak on Congo reconciliation; Belgium-Congo relations; Adoula-parliament relations; Adoula-UMHK talks; Katanga economic sanctions.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Adlai E. Stevenson; Charles W. Yost; Jonathan Dean; Charles W. Yost; Dean Rusk.

0571 Cables, December 1–6, 1962. 151 pp. Major Topics: Moise Tshombe–JFK communication; amnesty; Cyrille Adoula trip to

UN; UMHK payments; Katanga economic sanctions; Albert Ndela; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; Adoula implementation of UN plan; Adoula-parliament relations; Paul-Henri Spaak on UMHK; international aid for army modernization; Tshombe press interview; Michel Streulens; UN radio broadcasts; Katanga expulsion of Italian diplomat.

Principal Correspondents: Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; Edmund A. Gullion; Charles W. Yost; Douglas MacArthur II.

0722 Cables, December 7–11, 1962. 126 pp. Major Topics: UMHK payments to Congo; USSR aid offers; Paul-Henri Spaak on

UMHK; Cyrille Adoula implementation of UN plan; Moise Tshombe implementation of UN plan; Michel Streulens; UN military planning; Katanga possible reprisals against UMHK.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Douglas MacArthur II; Adlai E. Stevenson; Dean Rusk.

0848 Cables, December 12–15, 1962. 98 pp. Major Topics: UMHK payments; USSR involvement; Katanga copper/cobalt

embargo; Moise Tshombe proposal on UMHK; Philippines aircraft aid; Belgium-Congo relations; Paul-Henri Spaak on UMHK; Cyrille Adoula response to Tshombe proposal on UMHK.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Douglas MacArthur II; George W. Ball.

Reel 8 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, December 16–19, 1962. 116 pp. Major Topics: Cyrille Adoula–parliament relations; Moise Tshombe proposal on

UMHK; U.S. military aid; UN-Congo military forces; Katanga military forces; U.S. military mission.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; G. Mennen Williams; Dean Rusk.

0117 Cables, December 20–27, 1962. 139 pp. Major Topics: U.S. military mission; UMHK payments; Belgium-Congo relations;

France policies; U.S. military aid; Kwame Nkrumah–Moise Tshombe communication; UN military actions against Katanga; Ralph Bunche; Cyrille Adoula; Tshombe; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN military planning; Congo government military planning; Joseph Desiree Mobutu; UN helicopter downing in Katanga; international military aircraft aid; parliament suspension.

12

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Douglas MacArthur II; Kwame Nkrumah; William P. Mahoney Jr.; Dean Rusk; Adlai E. Stevenson; Jonathan Dean.

0256 Cables, December 28–31, 1962. 158 pp. Major Topics: UN military action against Katanga; Moise Tshombe flight to Rhodesia;

UN psychological operations; Ralph Bunche; UN occupation of Elisabethville; amnesty; Paul-Henri Spaak on UN military action; PAFMECSA conference; Cyrille Adoula; U Thant statement on Congo-Katanga; UN request for military assistance.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Douglas MacArthur II; Dean Rusk; Jonathan Dean; Francis Plimpton; Adlai E. Stevenson; U Thant.

0414 Cables, January 1–5, 1963. 173 pp. Major Topics: Moise Tshombe return to Elisabethville; UN military action against

Katanga; Justin Bomboko; UN troops misconduct; Ralph Bunche; Cyrille Adoula; Paul-Henri Spaak on UN military action; PAFMECSA conference; U Thant–subordinates communications; UN troops killing of Katanga civilians; UK-Adoula relations; UK policies; insubordination of UN Congo commanders.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; Douglas MacArthur II; Adlai E. Stevenson.

0587 Cables, January 6–10, 1963. 133 pp. Major Topics: Moise Tshombe return to Elisabethville; UN military action against

Katanga; UN troops unauthorized capture of Jadotville; Tshombe threats against UMHK facilities; Katanga sabotage; UMHK payments; U.S. aid to Katanga; expulsion of UK and Belgian consuls.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Francis Plimpton; Dean Rusk.

0720 Cables, January 11–20, 1963. 191 pp. Major Topics: Expulsion of UK and Belgian consuls; missing Katanga bank cash;

UMHK payments; Moise Tshombe political status; UN military action against Katanga; Kwame Nkrumah on Tshombe; U Thant–Nkrumah communication; U.S. bridge material for UN troops; Katanga gendarmerie military integration; Robert Gardiner; Tshombe proclamation of secession end; JFK–Cyrille Adoula communication; U.S.-UK-Belgium postsecession activities; prominent Katangans for postsecession leadership roles; attack on UK embassy; U.S. return of seized aircraft; UN-Tshombe talks; Communist activities.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Adlai E. Stevenson; Jonathan Dean; Dean Rusk; Douglas MacArthur II; John F. Kennedy.

Reel 9 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, January 21–31, 1963. 121 pp. Major Topics: Amnesty; UN troops occupation of Kolwezi; military reorganization; UN

force strength; UN-Congo joint operations; postsecession reconstruction; Katanga gendarmerie military integration; Belgium aid; Harlan Cleveland visit; Paul-Henri Spaak on postsecession Katanga; Moise Tshombe political status; Joseph Ileo; U.S.-USSR confrontation in Congo; Cyrille Adoula–Cleveland talks.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Adlai E. Stevenson; Douglas MacArthur II; Dean Rusk; Jonathan Dean.

13

0122 Cables, February 1963. 188 pp. Major Topics: Harlan Cleveland visit; international military aid for army

modernization; Katanga gendarmerie military integration; Moise Tshombe political status; Cyrille Adoula political status; missing Katanga bank cash; Joseph Ileo; EEC aid; Katanga officers oath of allegiance; UN-Congo joint operations; Congo-Katanga reconciliation; UN peacekeeping missions financing; rural development aid; Adoula visit to Katanga; Adoula visit to Brussels; Belgium-Congo relations.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Jonathan Dean; Harlan Cleveland; Douglas MacArthur II; George W. Ball.

0310 Cables, March 1963. 162 pp. Major Topics: Cyrille Adoula visit to Brussels; Belgium-Congo relations; Paul-Henri

Spaak; UN force levels; USSR-Congo relations; Adoula-parliament relations; UN investigation of Patrice Lumumba murder; Moise Tshombe political status; international aid for army modernization; Katanga military capabilities; Belgium aid; Katangan gendarmerie activity in bush; parliament reorganization; Tshombe political status; Joseph Kasavubu address to parliament; UN financing of Congo operations; UN military training mission establishment; Justin Bomboko; UN technical assistance.

Principal Correspondents: Douglas MacArthur II; Edmund A. Gullion; Charles E. Bohlen; Dean Rusk; James L. O’Sullivan; Francis Plimpton.

0472 Cables, April–May 1963. 170 pp. Major Topics: Refugee camp; U.S.-Belgium talks; Adlai E. Stevenson; Paul-Henri

Spaak; Belgium UN payment arrears; UN technical assistance; UN financing of Congo operations; UN aid for army modernization; Belgium military training aid; Israel military training aid; Justin Bomboko; Cyrille Adoula; UN troops withdrawal; raid on Moise Tshombe palace; Katanga partition; U.S.-Belgium economic aid; JFK–Joseph Desiree Mobutu talks on military aid.

Principal Correspondents: Jonathan Dean; James L. O’Sullivan; Charles W. Yost; Adlai E. Stevenson; Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk.

0642 Cables, June–July 1963. 173 pp. Major Topics: Intertribal violence; UN troops withdrawal; USAID import assistance;

Antoine Gizenga release; Ahmed Sekou Toure; Moise Tshombe political status; U.S. airplane gift to Congo; monetary policy reform; Katanga gendarmerie military integration; Portugal relations; U.S.-Belgium future roles in Congo; U.S.-Belgium economic aid; internal security after UN withdrawal; retention of non-UN multilateral peacekeeping force; U.S. airmen unit withdrawal; UK relations; UN-Belgium claims.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Dean Rusk; Jonathan Dean; Charles W. Yost.

0815 Cables, August 1963. 121 pp. Major Topics: Monetary policy reform; UN troops withdrawal; missing Katanga bank

cash; U.S.-Belgium economic aid; Congo (Brazzaville) political unrest; Fulbert Youlou resignation; France role in Brazzaville unrest; UN troops retention through June 1964; recognition of new Brazzaville government.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; Francis T. McNamara; W. Wendell Blancke; Dean Rusk.

14

Reel 10 Congo cont.

0001 Cables, September 1963. 81 pp. Major Topics: UN troops civil relations; UN troops retention through June 1964;

gendarmerie activity; Congo (Brazzaville) political unrest; monetary policy reform; UN financing of Congo operations; Cyrille Adoula; Paul-Henri Spaak on Belgium aid; Adoula-parliament relations.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Francis T. McNamara; Douglas MacArthur II; Adlai E. Stevenson; Edmund A. Gullion.

0082 Cables, October–November 1963. 139 pp. Major Topics: Parliament dissolution by Joseph Kasavubu; UN operations leadership

and morale; UN troops retention through June 1964; U.S. airplane gift to Congo; UN financing of Congo operations; Cyrille Adoula political status; U.S. recognition of new Brazzaville government; labor unrest; state of exception; Jean Anany; U.S. relations with Brazzaville government; U.S. economic aid; Angola-Portuguese conflict; Moise Tshombe political status; USSR diplomats expulsion.

Principal Correspondents: Edmund A. Gullion; George W. Ball; W. Wendell Blancke; Dean Rusk.

Dahomey 0221 General, January 1961–March 1962. 8 pp.

Major Topics: Political crisis; Hubert Maga. Principal Correspondent: Converse Hettinger.

0229 General, October–November 1963. 10 pp. Major Topic: Political crisis. Principal Correspondent: Charles P. Bohlen.

Ethiopia 0239 General, February 1961–February 1962. 76 pp.

Major Topics: JFK message to ECA; Haile Selassie–JFK communication; Amharic Bible gift to JFK; Haile Selassie University establishment; U.S. military aircraft aid.

Principal Correspondents: John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk; Arthur L. Richards; John Kenneth Galbraith.

0315 General, March–October 1962. 81 pp. Major Topics: U.S.-Ethiopia talks on defense and disarmament; U.S. military aircraft

aid; U.S. Project Mercury tracking station (Zanzibar) removal; Haile Selassie; Ato Ketema Yifru; Somalia relations; Chester Bowles visit.

Principal Correspondents: Arthur L. Richards; Dean Rusk; Chester Bowles. 0396 General, November 1962–May 1963. 79 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. military aid; U.S. handling of Cuban missile crisis; Somalia relations; Eritrea reunification with Ethiopia; extension of U.S. base at Kagnew; reform policies; U.S. aid; Abdurahman Hussein; trachoma vaccine from U.S.; Edward M. Korry; Haile Selassie political status.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Arthur L. Richards; Sheldon B. Vance; R. Sargent Shriver.

15

0475 General, June–July 1963. 67 pp. Major Topics: U.S. military aid to Somalia; officials talks with JFK; Kenya-Ethiopia

defense pact; Nikita Khrushchev message to Africa leaders; extension of U.S. base at Kagnew.

Principal Correspondents: Edward M. Korry; Dean Rusk. 0542 General, August–November 1963. 75 pp.

Major Topics: Officials U.S. visit; Ethiopian Somalis uprising; U.S. military aid to Somalia; Haile Selassie mediation of Algeria-Morocco conflict; JFK-Selassie communication; OAU conference in Addis Ababa; withdrawal of Ethiopian troops from UN Congo force.

Principal Correspondents: Edward M. Korry; Dean Rusk. 0617 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963. 61 pp.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Sheldon B. Vance. 0678 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963; September–October 1963. 68 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. military and economic aid; Somalia relations; coffee quota; JFK-Selassie toasts; joint communiqué; JFK talking points on African interference with Portuguese and South African participation in UN; U.S. military aid to Somalia.

Principal Correspondents: Edward M. Korry; George W. Ball; John F. Kennedy; Haile Selassie.

0746 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963; Memoranda of Conversation. 36 pp. Major Topics: JFK-Selassie talks; U.S. military aid; U.S. military aid to Somalia; Dean

Rusk–Selassie talks; nuclear test ban treaty; U.S.-USSR relations; international relations; extension of U.S. base at Kagnew.

0782 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963; Briefing Book, Index and Parts I–III. 53 pp.

Major Topics: Somalia relations; U.S. military aid to Somalia; internal political reform; U.S. military and economic aid; OAU evolution; Southern Africa policies.

0835 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963; Briefing Book, Parts IV–VI. 55 pp. Major Topics: International aid; Selassie 1954 U.S. visit.

0890 Subjects, Haile Selassie’s Visit, October 1963; Briefing Book, Part VII and Brief Memorandum. 17 pp.

Major Topics: Maps; background materials.

Reel 11 Gabon

0001 General, 1961–1963. 109 pp. Major Topics: JFK–Leon M’ba communication; requested U.S. railroad construction

aid; Aristide Issembe–JFK talks. Principal Correspondents: Leon M’ba; John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk.

Ghana 0110 General, September 1961. 22 pp.

Major Topics: Military cadets training in USSR; Kwame Nkrumah; Volta River project; Duncan Sandys.

Principal Correspondent: Francis H. Russell. 0132 General, October 1961. 14 pp.

Major Topics: Duncan Sandys; Francis H. Russell. 0146 General, November 1961. 7 pp.

16

0153 General, December 16–31, 1961. 4 pp. Major Topic: Volta River project.

0157 General, January–March 1962. 5 pp. Principal Correspondent: Francis H. Russell.

0162 General, July–August 1962. 6 pp. 0168 General, September 1962. 19 pp.

Major Topic: Kwame Nkrumah assassination attempt. 0187 General, October 1962. 18 pp.

Major Topic: JFK–Kwame Nkrumah communication. Principal Correspondent: William P. Mahoney Jr.

0205 General, November–December 1962. 18 pp. Major Topic: Anti-Nkrumah activity. Principal Correspondent: William P. Mahoney Jr.

0223 General, March–April 1963. 3 pp. Major Topic: Patrice Lumumba murder investigation. Principal Correspondent: William P. Mahoney Jr.

Guinea 0226 General, January–May 1961. 9 pp.

Major Topic: U.S. aid. Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

0235 General, September 1961–March 1962. 24 pp. Major Topics: Luther Hodges visit; Ahmed Sekou Toure; Soviet bloc relations;

political crisis; JFK–Sekou Toure communication; economic mission to U.S. Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; William H. Attwood.

0259 General, April–June 1962. 27 pp. Major Topics: Seydou Conte–JFK talks; economic mission to U.S.; U.S. aid;

Portuguese Guinea–Portugal conflict. Principal Correspondents: William H. Atwood; Dean Rusk.

0286 General, “Guidelines for Policy and Operations,” April 1962. 55 pp. Major Topic: State Department policy operations and guidelines.

0341 General, July–September 1962. 31 pp. Major Topics: IMF quota; Ahmed Sekou Toure; Seydou Conte; JFK–Sekou Toure

talks. Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; William H. Atwood.

0372 General, October 1–10, 1962. 40 pp. Major Topics: Relations with Soviet bloc, U.S., France, and other African countries;

JFK–Ahmed Sekou Toure talks background materials. Principal Correspondent: Roger Hilsman.

0412 General, October 12–31, 1962. 41 pp. Major Topics: JFK–Ahmed Sekou Toure talks; U.S. aid; Soviet bloc aid; France

relations; USSR use of Conakry airport; relations with Soviet bloc, France, and U.S.; African unity.

Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk. 0453 General, November 1962–March 1963. 15 pp.

Major Topic: JFK–Ahmed Sekou Toure talks. Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; William H. Attwood.

0468 General, April 1963. 13 pp. Major Topics: U.S. aid; Seydou Conte U.S. visit. Principal Correspondents: Charles E. Bohlen; William H. Attwood.

17

0481 General, May 1963. 25 pp. Major Topics: R. Sargent Shriver–Ahmed Sekou Toure talks; U.S. aid; Seydou Conte

U.S. visit; Antoine Gizenga release in Congo. Principal Correspondents: William H. Atwood; Dean Rusk.

0506 General, June–July 1963. 16 pp. Major Topics: USSR use of Conakry airport; U.S. aviation activity. Principal Correspondents: George W. Ball; Thomas A. Cassilly; Dean Rusk.

0522 General, September–November 1963. 5 pp. Major Topic: U.S. aid. Principal Correspondent: James I. Loeb.

Ivory Coast 0527 General, January–September 1961. 9 pp.

Major Topics: RFK visit; U.S. aid to Ghana. Principal Correspondent: Rubert A. Lloyd.

0536 General, October 1, 1961–March 22, 1962. 7 pp. Major Topics: Felix Houphouet-Boigny U.S. visit; visiting party members. Principal Correspondent: R. Borden Reams.

0543 General, March 23–April 30, 1962. 14 pp. Major Topics: USAID staff reduction; Felix Houphouet-Boigny honorary degrees. Principal Correspondent: R. Borden Reams.

0557 General, August 1962–January 1963. 6 pp. Major Topic: Felix Houphouet-Boigny.

Kenya 0563 General, 1961. 31 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–Tom Mboya communications on Congo and Berlin; JFK talks with Mboya and Kenneth Kaunda; student airlift aid by U.S.; gift to JFK.

Principal Correspondent: Richard Freund. 0594 General, 1962. 86 pp.

Major Topics: Jomo Kenyatta U.S. visit; Ronald Ngala U.S. visit; U.S. aid; Tom Mboya U.S. visit; labor and training development.

Principal Correspondents: Richard Freund; Dean Rusk. 0680 General, 1963. 33 pp.

Major Topics: Constitution and postelection government; Jomo Kenyatta–JFK communication on Birmingham racial situation; East African Federation formation; Tom Mboya.

Principal Correspondents: Richard Freund; Laurence C. Vass.

Liberia 0713 General, 1961. 103 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–William V. S. Tubman communication on Congo; Monrovia conference of African leaders; William R. Tolbert; JFK-Tubman talks; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Elbert G. Mathews. 0816 General, 1962. 106 pp.

Major Topics: Political prospects; Monrovia free port transfer by U.S.; Israeli arms aid; JFK–William V. S. Tubman communication; Chester Bowles on Congo prospects; Tubman state of state address; Africa relations; international relations; economic policy; government operations.

Principal Correspondents: L. M. Dunn; Elbert G. Mathews; Charles E. Rhetts; Chester Bowles.

18

0922 General, 1963. 97 pp. Major Topics: USAID program delays; possible plots against William V. S. Tubman;

Sylvanus Olympio assassination; Tubman personal security arrangements; S. Edward Peal; Charles D. Sherman; U.S. aid; Jehovah’s Witnesses expulsion; JFK-Tubman communication.

Principal Correspondent: Charles E. Rhetts.

Reel 12 Liberia cont.

0001 Subjects, Tubman Briefing Book, October 19–20, 1961. 71 pp. Major Topics: JFK–William V. S. Tubman talks; economic policy and planning; U.S.

aid; government operations; Monrovia free port transfer by U.S.; South Africa sanctions.

Libya 0072 General, February 1961–August 1962. 137 pp.

Major Topics: Mohieddine Fekini–JFK talks; U.S. economic aid; Algeria policy; Belgrade conference of nonaligned nations; nuclear test ban; U.S. Palestine policy; Lewis Clark; independence tenth anniversary celebration; G. Mennen Williams visit; political conditions; leadership quality; U.S. military aid request; Crown Prince Hasan al-Rida al-Sanusi U.S. visit.

Principal Correspondents: John W. Jones; John Dorman; George W. Ball; Robert S. McNamara.

0209 General, September–December 1962 and Undated. 131 pp. Major Topics: Crown Prince Hasan al-Rida al-Sanusi talks with JFK; Marble Arch

airfield use by U.S.; Wheelus Air Force Base retention by U.S.; U.S. Air Force jet use to transport crown prince; U.S. missile sales to Israel; U.S. military aid; U.S. Palestine policy; U.S. economic aid.

Principal Correspondent: John W. Jones. 0340 General, 1963. 82 pp.

Major Topics: Barce earthquake; U.S. emergency aid; economic conditions; Wheelus Air Force Base retention by U.S.; U.S. economic aid; U.S. Information Service operations; U.S. military aid; Ladies Day in Tripoli; E. Allan Lightner; Mohieddine Fekini–JFK talks.

Principal Correspondents: John Dorman; E. Allan Lightner; Dean Rusk.

Malagasy 0422 General, 1961–1963. 81 pp.

Major Topics: Ralph A. Dungan–Albert Tevoedjre talks; U.S. training for African leaders; UAM; African representation in UN Security Council; Rwanda-Burundi international aid; JFK-UAM communication on Cuban missile crisis; C. Vaughan Ferguson; J. Roland Jacobs; Philibert Tsiranana; U.S. civil rights policies.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; C. Vaughan Ferguson.

Mauritania 0503 General, 1961–1963. 89 pp.

Major Topics: Mauritania relations; UN membership application; Moktar Ould Daddah–JFK talks; political and economic overview.

Principal Correspondents: Walter J. Stoessel Jr.; Philip M. Kaiser; Dean Rusk.

19

Morocco 0592 General, January–October 1961. 129 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–King Mohammed communication; U.S. military bases phaseout; USSR military presence; King Hassan II; political reorganization; Jack Counihan; Spain relations; G. Mennen Williams visit; U.S. bases conversion; U.S. military aid; U.S. economic aid; Mauritania relations; air force MIGs use of U.S. base.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; John F. Kennedy; Charles W. Yost; Philip W. Bonsal.

0721 General, November–December 1961. 117 pp. Major Topics: Air force MIGs use of U.S. base; Ahmed Balafrej–JFK talks; Rabat

anti-French civil disorder; Ahmed Ben Bella; U.S. economic aid; political conditions; USSR and U.S. military aid; U.S. military bases phaseout; Spain relations.

Principal Correspondents: Philip W. Bonsal; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball. 0838 General, January–June 1962. 121 pp.

Major Topics: France military aid; USSR and U.S. military aid; U.S. military bases phaseout; Ali Bengelloun–JFK talks; Ahmed Ben Bella transport to Rabat by U.S.; Hassan II state U.S. visit; Hassan II–Charles de Gaulle talks.

Principal Correspondents: Philip W. Bonsal; George W. Ball; Dean Rusk.

Reel 13 Morocco cont.

0001 General, July–December 1962. 103 pp. Major Topics: Hassan II on Charles de Gaulle; John H. Ferguson; USSR shipyard

construction at Tangier; U.S. aid; Spain relations; USSR military shipment; U.S. military bases phaseout; JFK–Hassan II communication on Cuban crisis; USSR overflights en route to Cuba; Marvine Howe; demonstrations against U.S. bases.

Principal Correspondents: Oliver M. Marcy; Dean Rusk; John H. Ferguson. 0104 General, January–April 1963. 144 pp.

Major Topics: Cabinet reorganization; floods; U.S. relief; U.S. military bases phaseout; Hassan II state visit to U.S.; Tunisia relations; Ahmed Ben Bella–U.S. talks; Baha’i members trial and sentencing; U.S. bases property disposition.

Principal Correspondents: John H. Ferguson; John F. Kennedy; Dean Rusk. 0248 General, Folder (A), October 1963. 94 pp.

Major Topics: Algeria-Morocco conflict; political conditions; U.S. military aid request; alleged U.S. air transport aid to Moroccans; UN involvement in Algeria-Morocco conflict.

Principal Correspondents: John H. Ferguson; Dean Rusk; William J. Porter. 0342 General, Folder (B), October 1963. 82 pp.

Major Topics: Algeria-Morocco conflict; political conditions; U.S. military aid; UN involvement in Algeria-Morocco conflict; JFK–Hassan II communication; Hassan II–Ahmed Ben Bella meeting in Mali; JFK–Haile Selassie communication; Algeria-Morocco cease-fire.

Principal Correspondents: John H. Ferguson; Dean Rusk; Francis Plimpton; George W. Ball; John F. Kennedy; William J. Porter; William J. Handley.

0424 General, October 26, 1963. 29 pp. Major Topics: Algeria-Morocco conflict; Algeria-Morocco cease-fire; U.S. meetings

with Moroccan and Algerian emissaries; USSR on cease-fire.

20

Principal Correspondents: John H. Ferguson; William J. Porter; Dean Rusk; Walter J. Stoessel Jr.

0453 General, November 1963. 101 pp. Major Topics: U.S. military aid; U.S. military bases phaseout; Ahmed Ben Bella

political status. Principal Correspondents: Robert W. Komer; John H. Ferguson; Dean Rusk.

0554 Subjects, King Hassan Visit, March 1963, Memoranda of Conversations. 22 pp. Major Topics: JFK–Hassan II talks; Maghreb political relationships.

0576 Subjects, Hassan Briefing Book, March 27–29, 1963. 48 pp. Major Topics: Hassan II state visit to U.S.; Maghreb political relationships; U.S.

military bases phaseout; Voice of America radio station at Tangier. 0624 Subjects, King Hassan Visit, March 1963. 87 pp.

Major Topics: Egypt relations; Hassan II goals and policies; international aid; Hassan II state visit to U.S.; U.S. aid; JFK–Hassan II talks.

Principal Correspondents: Robert W. Komer; Dean Rusk.

Niger 0711 General, 1961–1963. 49 pp.

Major Topics: Hamani Diori; racial discrimination in U.S. against ambassador and family; Saidon Djermakoye; independence ceremonies; goodwill mission to U.S.; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondent: Mercer Cook.

Nigeria 0760 General, February–May 1961. 86 pp.

Major Topics: Nnamdi Azikiwe; Peace Corps education and industrial development programs; economic development progress and needs; U.S. development aid; Abubakar Tafawa Balewa U.S. visit.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph H. Palmer; G. Mennen Williams; Dean Rusk. 0846 General, June–July 1961. 71 pp.

Major Topics: Economic delegation talks with JFK; U.S. development aid; Chester Bowles press conference in Lagos; U.S. versus Soviet bloc in Africa.

Principal Correspondents: Walt W. Rostow; Joseph N. Greene Jr. 0917 General, August–October 1961. 57 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. cocoa standards compliance; U.S. aid; Peace Corps volunteer Margery Michelmore controversy.

Principal Correspondents: Samuel E. Belk; Joseph H. Palmer.

Reel 14 Nigeria cont.

0001 General, November 1961–May 1962. 66 pp. Major Topics: U.S. aid; Lagos conference of African chiefs of state; Casablanca

Group; Monrovia Group; Abubakar Tafawa Balewa on U.S. nuclear testing; western Nigeria political unrest.

Principal Correspondents: Samuel E. Belk; Joseph H. Palmer; Fowler Hamilton; Dean Rusk.

21

0067 General, June–August 1962. 54 pp. Major Topics: Police forces; Western Nigeria political unrest; parliamentary

delegation–JFK talks; Security Council African representation. Principal Correspondents: Joseph H. Palmer; Dean Rusk.

0121 General, September–December 1962. 62 pp. Major Topics: EEC relations; arms smuggling from Ghana; western Nigeria political

unrest; U.S. handling of Cuban missile crisis; Mozambique refugees; Tanganyika political and economic conditions; U.S. aid to Tanganyika.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph H. Palmer; Joseph N. Greene Jr. 0183 General, 1963. 59 pp.

Major Topics: Ghana relations; Togo coup effects; G. Mennen Williams visit; JFK–Abubakar Tafawa Balewa communication via communications satellite; Dean Rusk–Taja Wachuku talks; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondents: G. Mennen Williams; Joseph N. Greene Jr. 0242 Subjects, Azikiwe Case, May 24–June 30, 1962. 31 pp.

Major Topic: Chukwuma Azikiwe detention in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Principal Correspondents: Joseph H. Palmer; David K. Edminster.

0273 Subjects, Report of the Special U.S. Economic Mission to Nigeria, June 17, 1961. 142 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. economic mission; economic and political prospects; national plans; international aid.

0415 Subjects, Balewa Briefing Book, July 25–28, 1961, General–Substantive Papers. 112 pp.

Major Topics: JFK talking points for Abubakar Tafawa Balewa U.S. visit; joint communiqué; foreign relations; arms control; China in UN; USSR “troika” proposal for UN; African representation in UN; Southwest Africa policies; Angola policies; South Africa policies; apartheid; West Africa political union; U.S. aid; EEC relations; cocoa prices and standards; Peace Corps operations.

0527 Subjects, Balewa Briefing Book, July 25–28, 1961, Biographical. 20 pp.

Nyasaland 0547 General, 1961–1963. 49 pp.

Major Topics: Hastings Kamuzu Banda–JFK talks; Peace Corps operations; independence; Rhodesia relations; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

Rhodesia 0596 General, September–October 1961. 8 pp. 0604 General, September–November 1962. 9 pp.

Major Topic: Nyasaland development prospects. Principal Correspondent: Chester Bowles.

0613 General, October 1963. 3 pp. Major Topic: JFK–Roy Welensky talks.

Rwanda-Burundi 0616 General, May 1962. 4 pp.

Major Topic: Belgium relations. Principal Correspondent: Douglas MacArthur II.

0620 General, August 20–31, 1962. 2 pp.

22

Senegal 0622 General, 1961. 108 pp.

Major Topics: LBJ attendance at independence ceremonies; foreign relations; Leopold Senghor–JFK talks; U.S. aid; French relations.

Principal Correspondent: Philip M. Kaiser. 0730 General, 1962. 61 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. aid; Moktar Ould Daddah–JFK talks. Principal Correspondent: Philip M. Kaiser.

0791 General, January 1963–January 1964. 73 pp. Major Topics: U.S. aid; Leopold Senghor–JFK communication; World Festival of

Negro Arts; OAU conference in Dakar. Principal Correspondent: Philip M. Kaiser.

Sierra Leone 0864 General, 1961–1963. 15 pp.

Somalia 0879 General, 1961. 65 pp.

Major Topics: Soviet bloc aid; U.S. economic aid; flooding; U.S. relief aid; Mahdi Ismail; Abdillahi Dualeh; international aid to Somali students in Czechoslovakia.

Principal Correspondents: Andrew G. Lynch; Dean Rusk.

Reel 15 Somalia cont.

0001 General, January–October 1962. 114 pp. Major Topics: Abdirascid Ali Scermarche U.S. visit; Ethiopia dispute; UK relations;

U.S. aid for Chisimaio port; police forces assessment; USSR aid; Omar Mohallim Mohamed–JFK talks; U.S. aircraft aid.

Principal Correspondents: Andrew G. Lynch; Thomas M. Judd; Dean Rusk. 0115 General, November–December 1962. 101 pp.

Major Topics: Abdirascid Ali Scermarche U.S. visit; Ethiopia dispute; U.S. civil aircraft aid; FRG military aid; Abdirascid-JFK talks; U.S. military aid; U.S. aid for Chisimaio port; Abdirascid-Rusk talks; nonalignment policy; Kenya dispute; Horace G. Torbert Jr.

Principal Correspondents: Thomas M. Judd; Dean Rusk; Robert W. Komer. 0216 General, January–June 1963. 119 pp.

Major Topics: Abdirascid Ali Scermarche–JFK talks; U.S. economic aid; U.S. military aid; Mogadiscio civil disorder; U.S. embassy stoning; UK relations break; Aden Abdullah Osman; Ethiopia dispute; Kenya dispute; Soviet bloc aid; U.S. military survey team.

Principal Correspondents: Thomas M. Judd; Dean Rusk; Horace G. Torbert Jr.; Roger Hilsman.

0335 General, July–November 1963. 154 pp. Major Topics: UK relations break; Kenya dispute; Ethiopia dispute; Aden Abdullah

Osman; U.S. military aid; Kenya-Somalia talks; Somalia role in Kenya officials assassination; Ethiopian attacks on Somali nomads in Ogaden region; Aden–Haile Selassie communication; Abdirascid Ali Scermarche; Soviet bloc aid; China military aid; Aden Abdullah Osman–Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. talks.

Principal Correspondents: Horace G. Torbert Jr.; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball.

23

0489 Subjects, Scermarche Briefing Book, November 27–December 2, 1962. 90 pp. Major Topics: Abdirascid Ali Scermarche–JFK talks; Ethiopia dispute; international

aid; U.S. military aid; U.S. aid for Chisimaio port.

South Africa 0579 General, October 30–November 19, 1963. 41 pp.

Major Topics: UN Security Council consideration of apartheid; student refugees; U.S. neutrino research in underground mine; U.S. submarine sale.

Principal Correspondents: Joseph C. Satterthwaite; Dean Rusk.

Sudan 0620 General, 1961. 177 pp.

Major Topics: Ibrahim Abboud U.S. visit; USSR aid; U.S. economic aid; Abboud-JFK talks; foreign relations.

Principal Correspondents: James S. Moose Jr.; Dean Rusk; Walt W. Rostow; Harold H. Saunders.

0797 General, January–May 1962. 167 pp. Major Topics: U.S. road aid; U.S. space overflights ban; USSR air rights agreement;

Abu Ranat; JFK–Ibrahim Abboud communication on USSR air rights; Congo policy; Seaboard-Sudan airways contract.

Principal Correspondents: James S. Moose Jr.; Chester Bowles; Dean Rusk; George W. Ball; Thomas W. McElhiney.

Reel 16 Sudan cont.

0001 General, June 1962–August 1963. 111 pp. Major Topics: USSR air rights agreement; Seaboard-Sudan airways contract; U.S.

road aid; economic development plan; international aid; Africa relations; Congo policy; U.S. Cuba policy; Yemen relations; Soviet bloc relations; political unrest in southern Sudan.

Principal Correspondents: Thomas W. McElhiney; Dean Rusk; William M. Rountree; J. Wayne Fredericks.

0112 Subjects, Abboud Briefing Book, October 4–6, 1961. 106 pp. Major Topics: Ibrahim Abboud U.S. visit; political organization; economic conditions;

Abboud-JFK talks; U.S.-Arab relations; Africa relations; U.S. economic aid; USAID assistance; Congo policy; Peace Corps operations; international aid.

Tanganyika 0218 General, 1962. 5 pp.

Principal Correspondent: William Leonhart. 0223 General, 1963. 7 pp.

Major Topic: JFK–Julius Nyerere communication. Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

Togo 0230 General, January–December 1961. 32 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–Sylvanus Olympio communication; Ghana relations. Principal Correspondent: Leon B. Poullada.

24

0262 General, January–February 1962. 56 pp. Major Topics: Sylvanus Olympio U.S. visit; Africa relations. Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; George W. Ball.

0318 General, March–May 1962. 71 pp. Major Topics: Sylvanus Olympio U.S. visit; Africa relations; Congo policy; Rwanda-

Burundi independence; U.S. aid. Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; George W. Ball.

0389 General, June–December 1962. 37 pp. Major Topic: France relations. Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Dean Rusk.

0426 General, January 1–15, 1963. 60 pp. Major Topics: Military coup; Sylvanus Olympio assassination; Kwame Nkrumah;

Antoine Meatci. Principal Correspondents: William P. Mahoney Jr.; Robinson McIlvaine; Dean Rusk.

0486 General, January 16–22, 1963. 48 pp. Major Topics: Diplomatic recognition of new government; Nicholas Grunitzky. Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Dean Rusk.

0534 General, January 23–31, 1962. 71 pp. Major Topics: Ghana involvement in Sylvanus Olympio assassination; chronology of

military coup; post-coup government; diplomatic recognition of new government; Nicholas Grunitzky; French involvement in military coup; assassination investigation; IAMO Commission.

Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Dean Rusk; Raymond L. Perkins. 0605 General, February 1–10, 1963. 61 pp.

Major Topics: Post-coup government; diplomatic recognition of new government; Nicholas Grunitzky; assassination inquiry; IAMO Commission; Ghana takeover intentions.

Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Charles E. Rhetts; Dean Rusk. 0666 General, February 10–28, 1963. 40 pp.

Major Topics: Post-coup government; diplomatic recognition of new government; Nicholas Grunitzky; assassination inquiry; IAMO Commission; Ghana takeover intentions; Bonito Olympio; Felix Houphouet-Boigny; Ghana takeover intentions.

Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Dean Rusk; James W. Wine. 0706 General, March 1963. 61 pp.

Major Topics: Diplomatic recognition of new government; UN involvement in Togo crisis; African military intervention.

Principal Correspondents: William P. Mahoney Jr.; Dean Rusk; Raymond L. Perkins; Leon B. Poullada.

0767 General, April–November 1963. 50 pp. Major Topics: Diplomatic recognition of new government; elections; Nicholas

Grunitzky. Principal Correspondents: Leon B. Poullada; Dean Rusk.

Tunisia 0817 General, May–June 1961. 13 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–Habib Bourguiba Sr. talks; foreign relations. Principal Correspondent: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.

25

0830 General, July–December 1961. 83 pp. Major Topics: U.S. airlift of Tunisian troops from Congo; Bahi Ladgham–JFK talks;

French claims over Sahara; France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; political and economic conditions; France-Tunisia negotiations; U.S. aid.

Principal Correspondents: Dean Rusk; Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; George W. Ball.

Reel 17 Tunisia cont.

0001 General, January–December 1962. 97 pp. Major Topics: France-Tunisia negotiations; France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte

military base; multilateral aid; U.S. aid; State Department policy operations and guidelines; Habib Bourguiba Sr.

Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Francis H. Russell. 0098 General, January–November 1963. 33 pp.

Major Topics: Czech-Tunisian air agreement; JFK–Habib Bourguiba Jr. talks. Principal Correspondents: Francis H. Russell; Dean Rusk.

0131 Subjects, Bourguiba Visit May 3–5, 1961, Briefing Book (2) Procedural Arrangements. 40 pp.

Major Topic: Habib Bourguiba Sr. U.S. visit. 0171 Subjects, Bourguiba Visit May 3–5, 1961, Briefing Book (3) Political Problems.

28 pp. Major Topics: Habib Bourguiba Sr. U.S. visit; UN role; Africa relations; France

relations; U.S. aid. 0199 Subjects, Bourguiba Visit May 3–5, 1961, Briefing Book (4) Economic Problems.

48 pp. Major Topics: Habib Bourguiba Sr. U.S. visit; economic conditions and long-term

planning; labor development; U.S. aid; Tunisian University; Algerian refugees food aid.

0247 Subjects, Bourguiba Visit May 3–5, 1961, Briefing Book (5) Biographic Information. 35 pp.

Major Topic: Habib Bourguiba Sr. U.S. visit. 0282 Subjects, Bourguiba Visit May 3–5, 1961, Briefing Book (6) Miscellaneous. 20 pp.

Major Topics: Habib Bourguiba Sr. U.S. visit; JFK–Mongi Slim talks; JFK–Habib Bourguiba Jr. talks; Dwight D. Eisenhower–Bourguiba Sr. talks.

0302 Subjects, Bizerte Crisis, June 28–July 22, 1961. 74 pp. Major Topics: France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; UN involvement;

Bahi Ladgham. Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Cecil B. Lyon.

0376 Subjects, Bizerte Crisis, July 23–31, 1961. 165 pp. Major Topics: France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; UN involvement;

France-Tunisia cease-fire; U.S. airlift of Tunisian troops from Congo; Dag Hammarskjold on France-Tunisia dispute; U.S. mediation; Charles de Gaulle; Habib Bourguiba Sr.

Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Cecil B. Lyon. 0541 Subjects, Bizerte Crisis, August 1–10, 1961. 133 pp.

Major Topics: Bahi Ladgham–JFK talks; France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; UN involvement.

Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Adlai E. Stevenson; George W. Ball.

26

Reel 18 Tunisia cont.

0001 Subjects, Bizerte Crisis, August 11–30, 1961. 134 pp. Major Topics: France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; UN involvement;

JFK–Habib Bourguiba Sr. communication. Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Francis Plimpton;

Adlai E. Stevenson; James M. Gavin.

0135 Subjects, Bizerte Crisis, September 1, 1961–May 18, 1962. 80 pp. Major Topics: France-Tunisia conflict over Bizerte military base; France-Tunisia

negotiations; France-Tunisia prisoners exchange. Principal Correspondents: Walter N. Walmsley Jr.; Dean Rusk; Adlai E. Stevenson;

James M. Gavin; Chester Bowles.

Uganda 0215 General, 1961–1963. 177 pp.

Major Topics: JFK–Benedicto Kiwanuka talks; UK-Uganda talks; U.S. aid; Milton Obote U.S. visit; JFK-Obote talks; East Africa relations; Central Africa Federation relations; Obote press conference; Obote on U.S. racial policies; Obote– G. Mennen Williams talks.

Principal Correspondents: Hendrik Van Oss; McGeorge Bundy; W. Kennedy Cromwell; Olcott H. Deming.

0392 Subjects, Obote Briefing Book, October 22–23, 1962. 46 pp. Major Topics: Milton Obote U.S. visit; JFK-Obote talks; U.S. aid.

Union Africaine et Malagache (UAM) 0438 General, April 9, 1962–September 23, 1963. 49 pp.

Major Topics: State Department policy operations and guidelines; heads of state meeting.

Principal Correspondent: Charles F. Darlington.

Upper Volta 0487 General, 1961. 30 pp.

Major Topic: U.S. aid. 0517 General, 1962–1963. 29 pp.

Major Topics: U.S. aid; USAID program delays; Maurice Yameogo; opposition activities.

Principal Correspondent: Thomas S. Estes.

27

PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major correspondents in this microfilm publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing correspondence by the person begins. Hence, 1: 0350 refers to the folder that begins at Frame 0350 of Reel 1. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, arranged in the order in which they appear on the film.

Achilles, Theodore C.

1: 0350 Attwood, William H.

11: 0235, 0259, 0341, 0453, 0468, 0481 Ball, George W.

1: 0163, 0350; 2: 0124; 3: 0154, 0828; 4: 0235, 0566; 5: 0001, 0140, 0451; 6: 0417, 0589; 7: 0848; 9: 0122; 10: 0082, 0678; 11: 0506; 12: 0072, 0721, 0838; 13: 0342; 15: 0335, 0797; 16: 0262, 0318, 0830; 17: 0541

Barrows, Leland 3: 0751, 0828; 4: 0001

Battle, Lucius D. 1: 0061; 3: 0828; 4: 0154

Belk, Samuel E. 1: 0061, 0163, 0234; 3: 0502, 0549;

13: 0917; 14: 0001 Blancke, W. Wendell

5: 0265; 9: 0815; 10: 0082 Bohlen, Charles E.

2: 0820; 9: 0310; 10: 0229; 11: 0468 Bonsal, Philip W.

12: 0592, 0721, 0838 Bowles, Chester

1: 0061, 0675; 4: 0235; 10: 0315; 11: 0816; 14: 0604; 15: 0797; 18: 0135

Boyd, Alan S. 1: 0350

Brubeck, William H. 1: 0754; 2: 0001

Bruce, David K. E. 4: 0201, 0316

Bundy, McGeorge 4: 0224; 18: 0215

Burns, John H. 4: 0062

Caldwell, Oliver J. 1: 0199

Cassilly, Thomas A. 11: 0506

Cleveland, Harlan 1: 0511; 9: 0122

Cook, Mercer 13: 0711

Coombs, Philip H. 1: 0096

Cromwell, W. Kennedy 18: 0215

Darlington, Charles F. 18: 0438

Davis, Jeanne 2: 0820

Dean, Jonathan 5: 0792, 0898; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190,

0322, 0417, 0599, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571, 0722, 0848; 8: 0001, 0117, 0256, 0414, 0587, 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0472, 0642

28

Delaney, George P. 1: 0199

Deming, Olcott H. 18: 0215

Dorman, John 12: 0072, 0340

Duggan, William R. 1: 0029

Dunn, L. M. 11: 0816

Edminster, David K. 14: 0242

Elbrick, C. Burke 3: 0549

Estes, Thomas S. 18: 0517

Evans, Allan 2: 0675

Ferguson, C. Vaughan 12: 0422

Ferguson, John H. 13: 0001, 0104, 0248, 0342, 0424, 0453

Fredericks, J. Wayne 16: 0001

Freund, Richard 11: 0563, 0594, 0680

Galbraith, John Kenneth 1: 0234; 10: 0239

Gavin, James M. 1: 0436; 2: 0014, 0045, 0280, 0414,

0536; 18: 0001, 0135 Godley, George McMurtrie

4: 0199, 0267; 5: 0265 Greene, Joseph N., Jr.

13: 0846; 14: 0121, 0183 Gullion, Edmund A.

4: 0267, 0360, 0408, 0464, 0515, 0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0001, 0344, 0451, 0598, 0713, 0792, 0898; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190, 0322, 0417, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571, 0722, 0848; 8: 0001, 0117, 0256, 0414, 0587, 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0001, 0082

Hamilton, Fowler 14: 0001

Handley, William J. 13: 0342

Hansen, Kenneth R. 3: 0502

Hettinger, Converse 10: 0221

Hilsman, Roger 1: 0274; 2: 0124, 0536; 3: 0549;

11: 0372; 15: 0216 Hoffacker, Lewis

4: 0360; 5: 0001, 0140; 7: 0001 Home, Lord

4: 0226 Jones, John W.

12: 0072, 0209 Judd, Thomas M.

15: 0001, 0115, 0216 Kaiser, Philip M.

12: 0503; 14: 0622, 0730, 0791 Kaysen, Carl

4: 0241 Kennedy, John F.

1: 0234; 2: 0280, 0675; 3: 0154; 8: 0720; 10: 0239, 0678; 11: 0001; 12: 0592; 13: 0104, 0342

Kidder, Randolph A. 1: 0436

Komer, Robert W. 2: 0536, 0820; 3: 0472; 13: 0453, 0624;

15: 0115 Korry, Edward M.

1: 0831; 10: 0475, 0542, 0678 Leonhart, William

16: 0218 Lightner, E. Allan

12: 0340 Lloyd, Rubert A.

11: 0527 Loeb, James I.

11: 0522 Lynch, Andrew G.

14: 0879; 15: 0001 Lyon, Cecil B.

2: 0124; 17: 0302, 0376 MacArthur, Douglas, II

4: 0875; 5: 0792; 6: 0001, 0103; 7: 0001, 0256, 0571, 0722, 0848; 8: 0117, 0256, 0414, 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310; 10: 0001; 14: 0616

Macmillan, Harold 4: 0212

29

Mahoney, William P., Jr. 8: 0117; 11: 0187, 0205, 0223;

16: 0426, 0706 Marcy, Oliver M.

13: 0001 Mathews, Elbert G.

11: 0713, 0816 M’ba, Leon

11: 0001 McComas, Ralph W.

1: 0199 McElhiney, Thomas W.

15: 0797; 16: 0001 McGhee, George C.

4: 0217; 7: 0001, 0256 McIlvaine, Robinson

16: 0426 McKillop, David H.

5: 0451 McNamara, Francis T.

9: 0815; 10: 0001 McNamara, Robert S.

12: 0072 Melone, Robert

4: 0062 Moose, James S., Jr.

15: 0620, 0797 Murrow, Edward R.

1: 0601 Nkrumah, Kwame

8: 0117 Oss, Hendrik Van

18: 0215 O’Sullivan, James L.

7: 0256; 9: 0310, 0472 Owen, Henry

1: 0436 Palmer, Joseph, II

5: 0140, 0265 Palmer, Joseph H.

13: 0760, 0917; 14: 0001, 0067, 0121, 0242

Perkins, Raymond L. 16: 0534, 0706

Plimpton, Francis 1: 0601; 8: 0256, 0587; 9: 0310;

13: 0342; 18: 0001

Porter, William J. 2: 0045, 0124, 0280, 0414, 0536, 0675,

0820; 3: 0154, 0294, 0395; 13: 0248, 0342, 0424

Poullada, Leon B. 16: 0230, 0262, 0318, 0389, 0486,

0534, 0605, 0666, 0706, 0767 Reams, R. Borden

11: 0536, 0543 Rhetts, Charles E.

11: 0816, 0922; 16: 0605 Richards, Arthur L.

10: 0239, 0315, 0396 Rivero, Horacio

1: 0001 Root, John

3: 0154 Rostow, Walt W.

1: 0061, 0831; 3: 0549; 13: 0846; 15: 0620

Rountree, William M. 16: 0001

Rowan, Carl T. 1: 0061

Rowen, Henry S. 1: 0061

Rusk, Dean 1: 0029, 0096, 0163, 0199, 0511, 0754,

0831; 2: 0028, 0124, 0280, 0536, 0675, 0820; 3: 0549; 4: 0154, 0267, 0360, 0408, 0464, 0515, 0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0001, 0140, 0265, 0344, 0451, 0792, 0898; 6: 0001, 0190, 0322, 0417, 0599, 0610, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571, 0722; 8: 0001, 0117, 0256, 0414, 0587, 0720; 9: 0001, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0001, 0082, 0239, 0315, 0396, 0475, 0542, 0617; 11: 0001, 0226, 0235, 0259, 0341, 0412, 0453, 0481, 0506, 0594, 0713; 12: 0340, 0422, 0503, 0592, 0721, 0838; 13: 0001, 0104, 0248, 0342, 0424, 0453, 0624, 0760; 14: 0001, 0067, 0547, 0879; 15: 0001, 0115, 0216, 0335, 0579, 0620, 0797; 16: 0001, 0223, 0389, 0426, 0486, 0534, 0605, 0666, 0706, 0767, 0830; 17: 0001, 0098, 0302, 0376, 0541; 18: 0001, 0135

30

Russell, Francis H. 11: 0110, 0157; 17: 0001, 0098

Satterthwaite, Joseph C. 1: 0096, 0234, 0274, 0436, 0601;

15: 0579 Saunders, Harold H.

15: 0620 Selassie, Haile

10: 0678 Shriver, R. Sargent

10: 0396 Smith, Bromley

4: 0226 Spaak, Paul-Henri

4: 0220; 6: 0103 Stevenson, Adlai E.

2: 0414; 4: 0566; 5: 0451; 6: 0103, 0584, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0722; 8: 0117, 0256, 0414, 0720; 9: 0001, 0472; 10: 0001; 17: 0541; 18: 0001, 0135

Stoessel, Walter J., Jr. 12: 0503; 13: 0424

Tasca, Henry J. 1: 0029

Torbert, Horace G., Jr. 15: 0216, 0335

Tubby, Roger W. 5: 0451

U Thant 5: 0140; 8: 0256

Vance, Sheldon B. 10: 0396, 0617

Vass, Laurence C. 11: 0680

Wallner, Woodruff 1: 0029

Walmsley, Walter N., Jr. 16: 0817, 0830; 17: 0001, 0302, 0376,

0541; 18: 0001, 0135 Williams, G. Mennen

1: 0132, 0199, 0350, 0511; 2: 0820; 8: 0001; 13: 0760; 14: 0183

Wine, James W. 16: 0666

Yost, Charles W. 4: 0749; 5: 0001, 0140, 0344; 7: 0413,

0413, 0571; 9: 0472, 0642; 12: 0592

31

SUBJECT INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major topics in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 15: 0797 directs the researcher to the folder that begins at Frame 0797 of Reel 15. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film.

Abboud, Ibrahim

JFK communication 15: 0797 U.S. visit and JFK talks 15: 0620;

16: 0112 Abdirascid Ali Scermarche

general 15: 0335 JFK talks 15: 0115, 0216, 0489 Rusk, Dean, talks 15: 0115 U.S. visit 14: 0879; 15: 0115

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia OAU conference 1: 0831; 10: 0542

Adoula, Cyrille Brussels visit 9: 0122, 0310 Cleveland, Harlan, talks 9: 0001 general 4: 0226, 0749; 5: 0001; 8: 0117;

9: 0472; 10: 0001 JFK

communication 5: 0140; 6: 0779; 8: 0720

talks 4: 0257 Katanga visit 9: 0122 parliament relations 7: 0256, 0413,

0571; 8: 0001; 9: 0310; 10: 0001 political difficulties 6: 0599 political status 10: 0082 on Tshombe, Moise 6: 0001 Tshombe, Moise, talks 4: 0360, 0408,

0566 UK relations 8: 0414

UMHK proposal 7: 0848 talks 7: 0413

UN plan 5: 0598; 6: 0103, 0322, 0417,

0599, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571, 0722

trip 7: 0571 Advisory Council on African Affairs

1: 0511 Africa

see Africa and Malagasy Union see Southern Africa see Southwest Africa see individual countries

Africa and Malagasy Union general 1: 0436; 12: 0422 meeting 18: 0438 military capabilities 1: 0754

Africa Freedom Day 1: 0274

African National Congress (ANC) 1: 0001, 0831

Agriculture Algeria crisis 2: 0675

Ahidjo, Ahmadou general 7: 0256 JFK talks 3: 0828; 4: 0001 U.S. visit 3: 0751

32

Aircraft and aircraft industry Congo 8: 0720; 9: 0642; 10: 0082 Somalia 15: 0001, 0115

Airlines 1: 0350

Airports and airways Guinea 11: 0412, 0506 Libya 12: 0209

Airspace, international law 13: 0001; 15: 0797; 16: 0001; 17: 0098

Algeria agricultural crisis 2: 0675 Castro, Fidel, visit 2: 0820 China aid 3: 0294 constitution 3: 0001 Cuba relations 2: 0536, 0675; 3: 0154 dissident military 2: 0414 economy 3: 0001, 0395 elections 2: 0414, 0536 Europeans exodus 2: 0124 foreign relations 3: 0395 France

aid 2: 0675; 3: 0001 cease-fire 2: 0028, 0045; 3: 0395 negotiations 2: 0014, 0037 nuclear test 2: 0820 policy 2: 0004 properties expropriation 2: 0820 recognition 3: 0103

general 2: 0124 Guevara, Che, visit 3: 0001 independence 2: 0124; 3: 0001 international relief 2: 0414 Khemisti, Mohammed, assassination

2: 0820 leadership 2: 0675 Libya policies 2: 0011; 12: 0072 Morocco

cease-fire 3: 0294 conflict 3: 0154; 10: 0542; 13: 0248,

0424 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, visit 2: 0820 oil pipeline 3: 0294 political assessment 2: 0536 political conditions 3: 0395 post-cease-fire violence 2: 0045, 0124 post-independence conditions 2: 0124 provisional government 2: 0124, 0414 refinery project 3: 0395 reforestation 2: 0536

refugees 2: 0124; 17: 0199 Selassie, Haile, visit 3: 0154 Soviet bloc relations 2: 0536, 0675;

3: 0001 Tunisia relations 2: 0820 UAR involvement 3: 0154 UN delegation 2: 0536 U.S.

aid 2: 0124, 0414, 0536, 0675, 0820 citizens 2: 0124 consulates 2: 0414 contingency planning 2: 0124 medical teams 2: 0414, 0536 military property 2: 0820 recognition 2: 0124, 0414, 0536

USSR recognition 2: 0045 see also Algiers, Algeria see also Front de Liberation Nationale

Algiers, Algeria civil unrest 2: 0536 general 2: 0414

Al-Sanusi, Hasan al-Rida U.S. visit 12: 0072, 0209

Amnesty Congo 6: 0625; 7: 0001, 0571; 8: 0256;

9: 0001 Anany, Jean

10: 0082 ANC

see African National Congress Angola

Cameroon relations 3: 0828 Congo military training 5: 0792 economy 3: 0638 guerrilla warfare 3: 0502, 0549, 0638 NATO action 3: 0549 Nigeria relations 14: 0415 political conditions 3: 0638 Popular Movement for the Liberation of

3: 0638 Portugal conflict 10: 0082 Soviet bloc activities 3: 0549, 0638 students 3: 0549 UN

actions 3: 0638 resolution 3: 0502, 0549

U.S. actions chronology 3: 0638 white settlers 3: 0638

Apartheid 14: 0415; 15: 0579

33

Armed services Algeria dissidents 2: 0414 Congo

army 6: 0190, 0322 reorganization 9: 0001

French-speaking states 1: 0754 Katanga 5: 0451; 8: 0001; 9: 0310 see also International military forces

Arms control and disarmament general 14: 0415 U.S.-Ethiopia talks 10: 0315

Arms trade U.S. submarines sale 15: 0579

Assassination Kenya 15: 0335 Khemisti, Mohammed 2: 0820 Lumumba, Patrice 4: 0154 Nkrumah, Kwame, attempt 11: 0168 Olympio, Sylvanus 11: 0922; 16: 0426

Atlantic Ocean U.S. naval bases 1: 0001

Awards, medals, and prizes Luthuli, Albert 1: 0199

Azikiwe, Chukwuma Cambridge, Massachusetts, detention

14: 0242 Azikiwe, Nnamdi

13: 0760 Azores

U.S. base 3: 0549 Back, Jean

5: 0001 Balafrej, Ahmed

JFK talks 12: 0721 Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa

Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 JFK talks 14: 0183, 0415 on nuclear testing 14: 0001 U.S. visit 13: 0760; 14: 0527

Ball, George W. 4: 0235; 5: 0451

Banda, Hastings Kamuzu JFK talks 14: 0547

Belgian Congo amnesty 6: 0625; 7: 0001, 0571;

8: 0256; 9: 0001 army

modernization 6: 0625; 7: 0256, 0571; 9: 0122, 0310, 0472

movements 6: 0190, 0322 UN relations 4: 0749

Belgium relations 4: 0154, 0220, 0408, 0875; 5: 0001, 0265, 0344; 7: 0256, 0413, 0848; 8: 0117; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0642

Belgium-UN claims 9: 0642 Bowles, Chester, views 11: 0816 Cameroon relations 3: 0828 civil war 4: 0129, 0226, 0235, 0241 Communist activity 8: 0720 constitution 6: 0103 Cuban missile crisis 6: 0779 diamond marketing 5: 0140 EEC aid 9: 0122 Ethiopia withdrawal 10: 0542 financial controls 4: 0408, 0464, 0515,

0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0265, 0792 France relations 4: 0749; 8: 0117 FRG aid 4: 0749 government reorganization 4: 0566;

5: 0265; 9: 0310 internal security 9: 0642 international aid 4: 0360, 0408, 0464,

0515, 0566; 6: 0103, 0779 intertribal violence 9: 0642 Israel rockets 7: 0001 Italy aid 4: 0749; 5: 0265; 6: 0779 Kasavubu, Joseph, address 9: 0310 Katanga

cease-fire 6: 0599, 0625 engagements 5: 0598 reconciliation 4: 0201, 0360, 0408,

0464, 0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0001, 0140, 0265, 0344, 0451, 0598, 0713, 0792; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190, 0322, 0417, 0599, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571; 8: 0117; 9: 0122

revenues 7: 0256 labor unrest 10: 0082 Lumumba, Patrice, murder investigation

9: 0310 Meany, George, views 4: 0199 military

aircraft 7: 0001, 0256 airlift 5: 0598; 7: 0413 assistance 4: 0566

34

Belgian Congo cont. military cont.

planning 8: 0117 reorganization 9: 0001

monetary policy 9: 0642, 0815; 10: 0001 new provinces creation 5: 0265, 0598 Nigeria mediation 5: 0140, 0265 non-UN peacekeeping 9: 0642 parliament

dissolution 10: 0082 suspension 8: 0117

Philippines aircraft aid 7: 0848 Portugal relations 9: 0642 prime ministerial candidates 7: 0413 reconciliation plan 4: 0566 refugee camp 9: 0472 rural development 9: 0122 seized aircraft return 8: 0720 Senegal mediation 5: 0140 state of exception 10: 0082 Sudan policy 15: 0797; 16: 0001, 0112 Thryrng-Stogner case 4: 0267 Togo policy 16: 0318 Tshombe, Moise, protection 4: 0566 Tunisia troop airlift 16: 0830; 17: 0376 UK

policies 5: 0344; 8: 0414 relations 9: 0642

UMHK royalty payments 7: 0256, 0413, 0571, 0722, 0848; 8: 0117, 0587, 0720

UN aid 9: 0310 mediation 4: 0566 military operations 4: 0129, 0226,

0408, 0464, 0749; 5: 0001, 0140, 0598, 0792; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190; 8: 0001, 0256, 0414, 0587, 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0001, 0082

planning 7: 0001, 0256, 0722; 8: 0117

reconciliation plan 5: 0598, 0713, 0792; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190, 0322, 0589, 0610

technical aid 9: 0472 U.S.

aid 4: 0360, 0408, 0464, 0566, 0749, 0875; 6: 0625; 10: 0082

airplane 9: 0642; 10: 0082 air squadron 4: 0224 military aid 5: 0344; 8: 0117 reconciliation plan 5: 0140, 0265,

0344, 0451 USSR confrontation 9: 0001 U.S.-Belgium talks 9: 0472 withdrawal 9: 0642

USSR activity 7: 0848 aid 7: 0722 diplomats expulsion 10: 0082 relations 9: 0310

U Thant statement 8: 0256 see also Elisabethville, Congo see also Katanga Province, Congo see also Kongolo, Congo

Belgium Congo

aid 9: 0001, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815 claims 9: 0642 consul expulsion 8: 0587, 0720 relations 4: 0154, 0220, 0408, 0566,

0875; 5: 0001, 0265, 0344; 7: 0256, 0413, 0848; 8: 0117, 0587, 0720; 9: 0122, 0815

Katanga policy 8: 0720 Rwanda-Burundi relations 14: 0616 tripartite Congo talks 4: 0212, 0360 UN arrears 9: 0472 U.S. talks 9: 0472

Belgrade, Yugoslavia conference 12: 0072

Ben Bella, Ahmed Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 general 2: 0124, 0414, 0820; 3: 0001,

0154; 12: 0721 Hassan II talks 13: 0342 JFK

communication 3: 0154 letter 2: 0536 talks 2: 0536, 0675; 3: 0103, 0395,

0472 political status 13: 0453 Rabat move 12: 0838 U.S. talks 13: 0104

Bengelloun, Ali JFK talks 12: 0838

Betayene, Jean-Faustin 4: 0001

35

Bomboko, Justin 4: 0566, 0749, 0875; 8: 0414; 9: 0310

Bourguiba, Habib, Jr. JFK talks 17: 0282, 0098

Bourguiba, Habib, Sr. Eisenhower, Dwight D., talks 17: 0282 general 17: 0001, 0376 JFK

communication 18: 0001 talks 16: 0817

U.S. visit 17: 0131, 0171, 0199, 0247, 0282

Bowles, Chester on Congo 11: 0816 Ethiopia visit 10: 0315 Nigeria visit 13: 0846

Bridges and tunnels U.S. bridge material for UN troops

8: 0720 Brinton, Howard

6: 0190 Brussels, Belgium

Adoula, Cyrille, visit 9: 0122, 0310 Bunche, Ralph

5: 0451; 6: 0625; 8: 0117, 0256, 0414 Cambridge, Massachusetts

Azikiwe, Nnamdi, detention 14: 0242 Cameroon

Ahidjo, Ahmadou, U.S. visit 3: 0751 Ahidjo-JFK talks 3: 0828; 4: 0001 Angola relations 3: 0828 Congo relations 3: 0828 country profile 4: 0001 embassy in U.S. 3: 0751 Goldberg, Arthur, visit 3: 0751 internal defense plan 3: 0828 reunification 3: 0751 terrorism 3: 0751, 0828 U.S. aid 3: 0828

Casablanca Group 1: 0436; 14: 0001

Castro, Fidel Algeria visit 2: 0820

Central Africa Federation Uganda relations 18: 0215

Central African Republic floods 4: 0062 and U.S. racial policies 4: 0062

Chanderli, Abdelkadar 2: 0536; 3: 0103

China Algeria aid 3: 0294 Somalia military aid 15: 0335 UN membership 14: 0415

Chisimaio, Somalia U.S. port aid 15: 0001, 0115, 0489

Chronologies Togo coup 16: 0534 U.S. actions in Portuguese territories

chronology 3: 0638 Civil aviation

Guinea 11: 0506 USSR aid 1: 0274, 0350

Civil liberties U.S. 12: 0422

Civil-military relations UN Congo force 10: 0001

Civil unrest see Riots and disorders

Clark, Lewis 12: 0072

Cleveland, Harlan Adoula, Cyrille, talks 9: 0001 Congo visit 9: 0001, 0122

Cocoa and chocolate 13: 0917; 14: 0415

Coffee Ethiopia quota 10: 0678

Colonialism and colonial affairs independence 1: 0061 Southwest Africa independence 1: 0274,

0511 see also Belgian Congo see also French West Africa see also Independence movements see also Portuguese colonies

Communism Congo activity 8: 0720

Communist Party South Africa 1: 0001, 0601

Conferences Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1: 0831 Lagos, Nigeria 14: 0001 nonaligned nations 12: 0072 OAU 14: 0791 UAM 18: 0438

Congo see Belgian Congo

Congo (Brazzaville) see French Congo

36

Constitutional law see Constitutions

Constitutions Algeria 3: 0001 Congo

general 6: 0103 Tshombe, Moise, views 6: 0417

Conte, Seydou general 11: 0341 JFK talks 11: 0259 U.S. visit 11: 0468, 0481

Contingency planning 1: 0601; 2: 0124

Counihan, Jack 12: 0592

Criminal investigations Olympio, Sylvanus, assassination

16: 0605, 0666 Cuba

Algeria relations 2: 0536, 0675; 3: 0154 missile crisis 6: 0779; 10: 0396;

13: 0001; 14: 0121; 16: 0001 Czechoslovakia

Tunisia air agreement 17: 0098 Dacko, David

4: 0062 Dahomey

political crisis 10: 0221, 0229 de Gaulle, Charles

Hassan II talks 12: 0838 Hassan II views 13: 0001 Tunisia conflict views17: 0376

Denis, Georges 5: 0713

Diori, Hamani 13: 0711

Diplomatic and consular service Algeria 2: 0124, 0414, 0536 Cameroon 3: 0751 Congo 8: 0587, 0720; 10: 0082 Katanga 7: 0571 racism in U.S. 1: 0163 UK embassy attack 8: 0720 UN African delegations 1: 0029 U.S.

embassy stoning 15: 0216 general 1: 0831; 2: 0124; 3: 0828

Diplomatic recognition Algeria 2: 0124, 0414; 3: 0103 French Congo 9: 0815; 10: 0082

general 2: 0124 Somalia, UK break 15: 0216, 0335 Togo 16: 0486, 0534, 0605, 0706, 0767 see also Sovereignty

Djermakoye, Saidon U.S. racial discrimination 13: 0711

Dodd, Thomas J. Katanga visit 4: 0154

Dualeh, Abdillahi 14: 0879

Dungan, Ralph A. Tevoedjre, Albert, talks 12: 0422

Earthquakes Libya 12: 0340

East African Federation 11: 0680

ECA see Economic Commission for Africa

Economic assistance Morocco 12: 0721

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) 1: 0029; 10: 0239

Economic indicators Algeria 3: 0001, 0395 Angola 3: 0638 general 1: 0675 Katanga 7: 0001 Libya 12: 0340 Nigeria 13: 0760 Rhodesia 14: 0604 Sudan 16: 0112

Economic policy Liberia 11: 0816; 12: 0001 Nigeria 14: 0273 Sudan 16: 0001 Tunisia 17: 0199

Economic sanctions see International sanctions

Education 1: 0199

EEC see European Economic Community

Egypt Morocco relations 13: 0624

Elections Algeria 2: 0414, 0536 Congo 7: 0413 Katanga 6: 0190 Togo 16: 0767

37

Elisabethville, Congo Tshombe, Moise, palace raid 9: 0472 UN occupation 8: 0256

Ellender, Allen J. African reaction 1: 0601

Employment and unemployment 1: 0199, 0436

Eritrea Ethiopia reunification 10: 0396

Ethiopia Bowles, Chester, visit 10: 0315 coffee quota 10: 0678 and Cuban missile crisis 10: 0396 Eritrea reunification 10: 0396 ethnic Somalis uprising 10: 0542 international aid 10: 0835 international relations 10: 0746 JFK

gift 10: 0239 talks 10: 0475

Kenya pact 10: 0475 maps 10: 0890 medical assistance 10: 0396 political reforms 10: 0396; 10: 0782 regional disputes 1: 0754 Haile Selassie University 10: 0239 Somalia relations 10: 0315, 0396, 0678,

0782; 15: 0001, 0115, 0216, 0335, 0489

Southern Africa policies 10: 0782 U.S.

aid 10: 0239, 0315, 0396, 0678, 0746, 0782

base extension 10: 0396, 0475, 0746

military aid 10: 0396 talks 10: 0315

see also Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Ethnic groups

see Minority groups European Economic Community (EEC)

Congo aid 9: 0122 Nigeria 14: 0121, 0415

Fekini, Mohieddine JFK talks 12: 0072, 0340

Ferguson, C. Vaughan 12: 0422

Ferguson, John H. 13: 0001

Fiscal policy Congo controls 4: 0408, 0464, 0515,

0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0265, 0792 FLN

see Front de Liberation Nationale Floods

Central African Republic 4: 0062 Morocco 13: 0104 Somalia 14: 0879

Food assistance 1: 0675; 2: 0014, 0124

Foreign assistance see International assistance

Foreign relations Algeria 3: 0395 Ethiopia 10: 0746 Liberia 11: 0816 Nigeria 14: 0415 Portugal 3: 0549 Senegal 14: 0622 Somalia 15: 0115 Sudan 15: 0620; 16: 0001, 0112 Togo 16: 0262, 0318 Tunisia 16: 0817; 17: 0171 West Africa union 14: 0415 see also Diplomatic recognition see also International assistance

Forests and forestry Algeria reforestation 2: 0536

France Africa policies 1: 0061 aid 1: 0234; 2: 0124 Algeria

aid 2: 0675; 3: 0001 cease-fire 2: 0028, 0045; 3: 0395 expropriation 2: 0820 negotiations 2: 0014, 0037 nuclear test 2: 0820 policy 2: 0004

and Brazzaville unrest 9: 0815 Congo relations 4: 0749; 8: 0117 Guinea relations 11: 0412 military capabilities 1: 0754 Morocco military aid 12: 0838 parliament session 2: 0045 Sahara claims 16: 0830 Senegal relations 14: 0622 and Togo coup 16: 0534 Togo relations 16: 0389

38

France cont. Tunisia

conflict 16: 0830; 17: 0001, 0302, 0376, 0541; 18: 0001, 0135

relations 17: 0171; 18: 0135, 0135 UN arrears 5: 0344 U.S. talks 1: 0436; 2: 0124

French Congo diplomatic recognition 9: 0815 France relations 9: 0815 political unrest 9: 0815; 10: 0001 U.S. relations 10: 0082 Youlou, Fulbert, resignation 9: 0815

French West Africa independence 1: 0001

FRG see Germany, Federal Republic of

Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) 2: 0014, 0124

Gabon U.S. aid 11: 0001

Gardiner, Robert 4: 0408; 5: 0001, 0598; 6: 0322;

7: 0001; 8: 0720 Gemstones

Congo diamonds 5: 0140 Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG)

Congo aid 4: 0749 Somalia military aid 15: 0115 U.S. talks 1: 0436

Ghana arms smuggling 14: 0121 military capabilities 1: 0754 Nigeria relations 14: 0183 Nkrumah, Kwame, opposition 11: 0205 and Olympio, Sylvanus, assassination

16: 0534 USSR military aid 11: 0110 Togo relations 16: 0230, 0605, 0666 U.S. aid 11: 0527 Volta project 11: 0110, 0153

Gifts and private contributions Amharic Bible 10: 0239

Gizenga, Antoine 5: 0792; 6: 0103; 9: 0642; 11: 0481

Goldberg, Arthur J. Cameroon visit 3: 0751

Government officials see Officials

Government reorganization Congo 4: 0566; 5: 0265; 9: 0310 Morocco 12: 0592; 13: 0104

Grunitzky, Nicholas 16: 0486, 0534, 0605, 0666, 0767

Guellal, Cherif JFK talks 3: 0001

Guerrilla warfare Angola 3: 0502, 0549, 0638

Guevara, Che Algeria visit 3: 0001

Guinea and African unity 11: 0412 airport 11: 0412, 0506 economic mission to U.S. 11: 0235,

0259 foreign relations 11: 0372 France relations 11: 0412 Hodges, Luther, visit 11: 0235 IMF quota 11: 0341 political crisis 11: 0235 RFK visit 11: 0527 Soviet bloc aid 11: 0412 U.S. aid 11: 0226, 0259, 0412, 0468,

0481, 0522 U.S. aviation 11: 0506 USSR relations 11: 0235

Gullion, Edmund A. 5: 0451

Hammarskjold, Dag 17: 0376

Harbors and ports Somalia 15: 0001, 0115, 0489

Hassan II Ben Bella, Ahmed, talks 13: 0342 on de Gaulle, Charles 13: 0001 de Gaulle, Charles, talks 12: 0838 general 12: 0592 JFK

communication 13: 0001, 0342 talks 13: 0554, 0624

U.S. visit 12: 0838; 13: 0104, 0554, 0576, 0624

Health facilities and services 1: 0199

Higher education Haile Selassie University 10: 0239

Highways, streets, and roads Sudan 15: 0797; 16: 0001

39

Hodges, Luther 11: 0235

Hoffacker, Lewis 5: 0792

Homicide Lumumba, Patrice, investigation

9: 0310; 11: 0223 Stogner, Hulen D. 4: 0267 see also Assassination

Houphouet-Boigny, Felix 11: 0536, 0543, 0557; 16: 0666

Howe, Marvine 13: 0001

Hussein, Abdurahman 10: 0396

IAMO Commission 16: 0534, 0605, 0666

Ileo, Joseph 9: 0001, 0122

Illiteracy 1: 0061

IMF see International Monetary Fund

Immigration and emigration Europeans exodus 2: 0124

Independence see Independence movements see Sovereignty

Independence movements Katanga 4: 0749

India Congo military aid 5: 0140 Katanga troop conflicts 6: 0417

Indian Ocean U.S. naval bases 1: 0001

Insurgency South Africa 1: 0601, 0831 Togo 16: 0426

Internal security Congo 9: 0642

International assistance Algeria 2: 0124, 0414, 0675, 0820;

3: 0395 Belgian Congo 6: 0779 Burundi 12: 0422 Cameroon 3: 0828 Congo 4: 0360, 0408, 0464, 0515, 0566,

0749, 0875; 6: 0103, 0625; 9: 0122, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0082

Ethiopia 10: 0396, 0678, 0746, 0782, 0835

France aid 1: 0234; 2: 0124 FRG aid 4: 0749; 15: 0115 general 1: 0029, 0234 Ghana 11: 0527 Guinea 11: 0226, 0259, 0412, 0468,

0481, 0522 Katanga 8: 0587 Kenya 11: 0594 Liberia 11: 0713, 0922; 12: 0001 Libya 12: 0072, 0209, 0340 Morocco 12: 0592; 13: 0001, 0104,

0624 Niger 13: 0711 Nigeria 13: 0760, 0846, 0917; 14: 0001,

0183, 0273, 0415 Nyasaland 14: 0547 Senegal 14: 0622, 0730, 0791 Somalia 14: 0879; 15: 0115, 0216,

0335, 0489 Sudan 15: 0620; 16: 0001, 0112 Tanganyika 14: 0121 Togo 16: 0318 Tunisia 16: 0830; 17: 0001, 0171, 0199 Uganda 18: 0215, 0392 Upper Volta 18: 0487, 0517 USSR aid 15: 0620

International military forces Congo 8: 0256; 9: 0642 Elisabethville occupation 8: 0256 Ethiopia withdrawal 10: 0542 general 16: 0706 Katanga civilians killing 8: 0414 Nigerian Congo battalion 4: 0875 UN

commanders insubordination 8: 0414

in Congo 4: 0129, 0226, 0408, 0464, 0749; 6: 0001, 0103; 8: 0001, 0256, 0587, 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0001, 0082

Congo financing 9: 0122, 0310, 0472; 10: 0001, 0082

troops civil relations 10: 0001 troops misconduct 8: 0414

U.S. bridge material 8: 0720 International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Guinea quota 11: 0341

40

International sanctions Katanga 4: 0566; 7: 0413, 0571, 0848 South Africa 12: 0001

International security Cameroon plan 3: 0828

Iraq Ba’th Party 3: 0294

Ismail, Mahdi 14: 0879

Israel Congo military training 9: 0472 Congo rockets 7: 0001 U.S. missile sales 12: 0209

Issembe, Aristide JFK talks 11: 0001

Italy Congo aid 4: 0749 Katanga, diplomat expulsion 7: 0571

Ivory Coast USAID operations 11: 0543

Jacobs, J. Roland 12: 0422

Jehovah’s Witnesses Liberia expulsion 11: 0922

Johnson, Lyndon Baines (LBJ) Senegal visit 14: 0622

Julian, Hubert F. Congo release 5: 0598

Kamitatu, Cleophas general 4: 0749, 0875 political activities 6: 0103

Kasavubu, Joseph general 7: 0001, 0413 JFK communication 4: 0566 parliament

address 9: 0310 dissolution 10: 0082

Katanga Province, Congo Adoula, Cyrille, visit 9: 0122 air blockade 5: 0265, 0344 aircraft bombings 7: 0001, 0256 bank cash missing 8: 0720; 9: 0122,

0815 business tax 7: 0001 civilians killing 8: 0414 Congo

cease-fire 6: 0599, 0625 reconciliation 4: 0212, 0360, 0408,

0464, 0566, 0749, 0875; 5: 0001, 0140, 0265, 0344,

0451, 0598, 0713, 0792; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190, 0322, 0417, 0599, 0625, 0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0571; 8: 0117; 9: 0122

Dodd, Thomas J., visit 4: 0154 economic sanctions 4: 0566; 7: 0413,

0571; 0848 economy 7: 0001 gendarmerie 8: 0720; 9: 0001, 0122,

0310, 0642; 10: 0001 India troop conflicts 6: 0417 Italy diplomat expulsion 7: 0571 mercenaries 5: 0451, 0792 military

capabilities 9: 0310 engagements 5: 0598 forces 5: 0451; 8: 0001

officers oath to Congo 9: 0122 oil companies 6: 0779 partition 9: 0472 political parties 5: 0713 postsecession leadership 8: 0720 postsecession reconstruction 9: 0001 referendum 6: 0190 revenues control 7: 0256 roadblock 4: 0875; 5: 0001 sabotage 8: 0587 secession end 8: 0720 Spaak, Paul-Henri, views 9: 0001 tax collection 4: 0408, 0566 Tshombe, Moise, and chiefs 6: 0001 UK embassy attack 8: 0720 UMHK 4: 0875; 5: 0001, 0713, 0792;

7: 0722 UN helicopter downing 8: 0117 UN reconciliation plan 5: 0713, 0792 U.S. aid 8: 0587 women’s march 5: 0001

Kaunda, Kenneth JFK talks 11: 0563

Keating, Kenneth Tshombe, Moise, talks 7: 0001

Kennedy, Robert F. (RFK) Guinea visit 11: 0527

Kenya Ethiopia pact 10: 0475 gift to JFK 11: 0563 government 11: 0680 labor development 11: 0594

41

regional disputes 1: 0754 Somalia

dispute 15: 0115, 0216, 0335 talks 15: 0335

student airlift 11: 0563 U.S. aid 11: 0594

Kenyatta, Jomo JFK communication 11: 0680 U.S. visit 11: 0594

Khemisti, Mohammed assassination 2: 0820

Khiary, Mahmoud 6: 0103

Khrushchev, Nikita S. Africa message 10: 0475

Kini, Sebastien 6: 0103

Kiwanuka, Benedicto JFK talks 18: 0215

Kombet, Jean-Pierre 4: 0062

Kongolo, Congo attack 6: 0779

Korry, Edward M. 10: 0396

Labor-management relations, general Congo 10: 0082

Labor unions Meany, George, views on Congo

4: 0201 Ladgham, Bahi

general 17: 0302 JFK talks 16: 0830; 17: 0541

Lagos, Nigeria conference 14: 0001

LBJ see Johnson, Lyndon Baines

Leballo, Potlako Kitchener 1: 0831

Liberia Africa relations 11: 0816 economic policy 11: 0816; 12: 0001 government 11: 0816; 12: 0001 international relations 11: 0816 Israel military aid 11: 0816 Jehovah’s Witnesses expulsion

11: 0922 political prospects 11: 0816 U.S. aid 11: 0713, 0922; 12: 0001 see also Monrovia, Liberia

Libya airfield use, U.S. 12: 0209 Algeria policy 2: 0011; 12: 0072 earthquake 12: 0340 economy 12: 0340 independence celebration 12: 0072 leadership 12: 0072 and nuclear tests 12: 0072 political conditions 12: 0072 Tripoli 12: 0340 U.S. aid 12: 0072, 0209, 0340 U.S. Information Agency operations

12: 0340 Lightner, E. Allan

12: 0340 Lincoln University African Student Center

1: 0436 Lumumba, Patrice

assassination investigation 4: 0154; 9: 0310; 11: 0223

Luthuli, Albert 1: 0199, 0234, 0831

Maga, Hubert 10: 0221

Maghreb 3: 0154; 13: 0554, 0576

Mandela, Nelson 1: 0601

Manpower training programs Kenya 11: 0594 Tunisia 17: 0199

Maps Ethiopia 10: 0890

Massachusetts see Cambridge, Massachusetts

Mathu, Ellud Wambe 5: 0140; 6: 0779; 7: 0001

Mauritania Morocco relations 12: 0503, 0592 political and economic conditions

12: 0503 UN membership 12: 0503

M’ba, Leon JFK communication 11: 0001

Mboya, Tom general 11: 0680 JFK talks 11: 0563 U.S. visit 11: 0594

42

McGee, George C. Congo visit 6: 0417, 0599

Meany, George and Congo labor 4: 0199

Meatci, Antoine 16: 0426

Medical assistance 2: 0536; 10: 0396

Michelmore, Margery Nigeria controversy 13: 0917

Military aircraft Congo 6: 0779; 7: 0001, 0256; 8: 0117 Ethiopia 10: 0239, 0315 MIGs on U.S. base 12: 0592, 0721 UN 6: 0322; 8: 0117

Military assistance Algeria 3: 0154 Congo 4: 0566; 5: 0140, 0265, 0344;

6: 0625, 0779; 7: 0256, 0413, 0571; 8: 0117; 9: 0122, 0310, 0472

Ethiopia 10: 0239, 0315, 0396 JFK-Mobutu talks 9: 0472 Liberia 11: 0816 Libya 12: 0072, 0209, 0340 Morocco 12: 0592, 0721, 0838;

13: 0001, 0248, 0342, 0453 Somalia 10: 0475, 0542, 0678, 0746,

0782; 15: 0115, 0216, 0335, 0489 UN request 8: 0256

Military aviation Congo 4: 0224; 5: 0598; 7: 0413 Katanga air blockade 5: 0265, 0344 Katanga bombings 7: 0001, 0256

Military bases, posts, and reservations Bizerte, Tunisia 16: 0830; 17: 0001,

0302, 0376, 0541; 18: 0001, 0135 Morocco 12: 0592, 0721, 0838;

13: 0001, 0104, 0453, 0576 U.S.

base in Azores 3: 0549 Kagnew base extension 10: 0396,

0475, 0746 Military discipline

UN Congo commanders 8: 0414 UN troops misconduct 8: 0414

Military forces U.S. naval bases 1: 0001

Military officers Katanga oath to Congo 9: 0122

Military operations Kongolo attack 6: 0779

Military personnel Congo, U.S. airmen 9: 0642 Katanga

gendarmerie 8: 0720; 9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0642; 10: 0001

mercenaries 5: 0451, 0792 Military strategy

Congo government 8: 0117 UN in Congo 7: 0001, 0256, 0722;

8: 0117 Military supplies and property

U.S. in Algeria 2: 0820 Military training

Angola in Congo 5: 0792 Congo aid 9: 0310, 0472 Ghanaians in USSR 11: 0110

Military weapons U.S.-Israel sales 12: 0209

Minority groups Angola whites 3: 0638 Ethiopian Somalis uprising 10: 0542 see also Racial conflict

Mobil Oil 5: 0344

Mobutu, Joseph Desiree 4: 0749; 7: 0256; 8: 0117; 9: 0472

Mogadiscio, Somalia civil disorder 15: 0216

Mohamed, Omar Mohallim JFK talks 15: 0001

Mohammed (Morocco king) JFK communication 12: 0592

Moktar, Ould Daddah JFK talks 12: 0503; 14: 0730

Monetary policy Congo 9: 0642, 0815; 10: 0001

Monrovia, Liberia 11: 0713, 0816; 12: 0001

Monrovia Group 1: 0436; 14: 0001

Morocco Algeria

cease-fire 3: 0294 conflict 3: 0154; 10: 0542; 13: 0248,

0424 Baha’i members trial 13: 0104 and Cuban missile crisis 13: 0001 economic assistance 12: 0721

43

Egypt relations 13: 0624 floods 13: 0104 and France-Algeria cease-fire 2: 0045 France military aid 12: 0838 international aid 13: 0624 Mauritania relations 12: 0503, 0592 political conditions 12: 0721; 13: 0248,

0342 political reorganization 12: 0592;

13: 0104 Spain relations 12: 0592, 0721;

13: 0001 Tunisia relations 13: 0104 U.S.

aid 12: 0592; 13: 0001, 0624 bases 12: 0592, 0838; 13: 0001,

0104, 0453, 0576 flood aid 13: 0104 military aid 12: 0592, 0721;

13: 0248, 0342, 0453 USSR

military 12: 0592 overflights 13: 0001

see also Rabat, Morocco Moukouri, Kuoh

3: 0828 Mozambique

refugees in Nigeria 14: 0121 Nasser, Gamal Abdel

Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 Algeria visit 2: 0820

NATO Angola action 3: 0549

Ndela, Albert 7: 0571

Negotiations France-Algeria 2: 0014 France-Tunisia 18: 0135 see also Treaties and conventions

Ngala, Ronald U.S. visit 11: 0594

Niger independence ceremonies 13: 0711 officials U.S. visit 13: 0711 U.S. aid 13: 0711

Nigeria Angola relations 14: 0415 on apartheid 14: 0415 Bowles, Chester, visit 13: 0846

Congo battalion 4: 0875 mediation 5: 0140, 0265

and Cuban missile crisis 14: 0121 economy 13: 0760; 14: 0273 EEC relations 14: 0121, 0415 foreign relations 14: 0415 Ghana relations 14: 0183 international aid 14: 0273 JFK-officials talks 13: 0846; 14: 0067 military capabilities 1: 0754 Mozambique refugees 14: 0121 Peace Corps 13: 0760; 14: 0415 police 14: 0067 on South Africa 14: 0415 students 1: 0001 and Togo coup 14: 0183 U.S.

aid 13: 0760, 0846, 0917; 14: 0001, 0183, 0415

cocoa standards 13: 0917 economic mission 14: 0273

western Nigeria unrest 14: 0001, 0067, 0121

see also Lagos, Nigeria Nkrumah, Kwame

Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 assassination attempt 11: 0168 general 11: 0110; 16: 0426 JFK communication 11: 0187 opposition activity 11: 0205 on Tshombe, Moise 8: 0720 Tshombe, Moise, communication

8: 0117 U Thant communication 8: 0720

Nogueira, Franco 3: 0549

North Atlantic Treaty Organization see NATO

N’Thepe, Aine-Raymond 3: 0751

Nuclear testing Algeria 2: 0820 Balewa, Abubakar Tafawa, views

14: 0001 ban 12: 0072 treaty 10: 0746

Nyasaland Banda-JFK talks 14: 0547 independence 14: 0547

44

Nyasaland cont. Peace Corps 14: 0547 Rhodesia relations 14: 0547 U.S. aid 14: 0547

Nyerere, Julius Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 JFK communication 16: 0223

OAS see Secret Army Organization

OAU see Organization for African Unity

Obote, Milton Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 JFK talks 18: 0215, 0392 press conference 18: 0215 on U.S. racial policies 18: 0215 U.S. visit 18: 0215, 0392 Williams, G. Mennen, talks 18: 0215

Officials Algeria 2: 0675 Congo candidates 7: 0413 Katanga postsecession 8: 0720 Libya quality 12: 0072 U.S. training 12: 0422

Olympio, Bonito 16: 0666

Olympio, Sylvanus assassination 11: 0922; 16: 0426, 0534,

0605, 0666 JFK communication 16: 0230 U.S. visit 16: 0262, 0318

Opinion and attitude surveys Africa on U.S. 1: 0675

Organization for African Unity (OAU) conference 14: 0791 establishment 1: 0831 general 10: 0542, 0782

Osman, Aden Abdullah general 15: 0216 Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., talks

15: 0335 Selassie, Haile, communication

15: 0335 PAFMECSA

see Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central, and Southern Africa

Palestine 12: 0072, 0209

Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central, and Southern Africa (PAFMECSA)

8: 0256, 0414 Pan-Africanist Congress

1: 0831 Parliaments

see Public administration Peace Corps

general 1: 0001, 0675 Michelmore, Margery, controversy

13: 0917 Nigeria 13: 0760; 14: 0415 Nyasaland 14: 0547 Sudan 16: 0112

Peal, S. Edward 11: 0922

Petroleum and petroleum industry Algeria refinery 3: 0395 Katanga 6: 0779

Philippines Congo aircraft aid 7: 0848

Physics neutrino research 15: 0579

Pipelines oil 3: 0294

Police Nigeria 14: 0067 Somalia 15: 0001

Political conditions Algeria 2: 0124; 3: 0395 Angola 3: 0638 Congo 10: 0082 Dahomey crisis 10: 0221, 0229 Ethiopia reforms 10: 0782 general 1: 0132, 0199, 0350, 0675 Guinea crisis 11: 0235 Liberia 11: 0816 Libya 12: 0072 Morocco 12: 0721; 13: 0248, 0342 Nigeria 14: 0273 Portugal 3: 0638 Sudan 16: 0001, 0112 Tanganyika 14: 0121 Togo 16: 0534, 0605, 0666 Tunisia 16: 0830 Upper Volta 18: 0517

Political parties Ba’th Party, Iraq 3: 0294 Katanga 5: 0713

45

Political unrest see Insurgency see Political conditions see Riots and disorders

Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola

3: 0638 Portugal

Angola conflict 10: 0082 Congo relations 9: 0642 political conditions 3: 0638 Portuguese Guinea conflict 11: 0259 treaties 3: 0638 UN role, African views 10: 0678 U.S. relations 3: 0549

Portuguese colonies 3: 0001, 0502, 0549, 0638

Portuguese Guinea Portugal conflict 11: 0259

Prisoners of war France-Tunisia exchange 18: 0135

Property Algeria expropriation 2: 0820

Protection of foreign visitors Azikiwe, Chukwuma 14: 0242

Psychological warfare UN in Congo 8: 0256

Public administration Congo parliament 8: 0117 Ethiopia reforms 10: 0396 Kenya 11: 0680 Liberia 11: 0816; 12: 0001

Rabat, Morocco anti-French civil disorder 12: 0721 Ben Bella, Ahmed, move 12: 0838

Racial conflict southern Africa 1: 0436, 0831

Racial discrimination African diplomats in U.S. 1: 0163 Djermakoye, Saidon, in U.S. 13: 0711 Ellender, Allen J. 1: 0601 U.S. 1: 0831; 4: 0062; 11: 0680;

18: 0215 see also Apartheid see also Racial conflict

Radio UN broadcasts 7: 0571 Voice of America 13: 0576

Railroads Gabon 11: 0001

Ranat, Abu 15: 0797

Reconnaissance UN aircraft downing 6: 0322

Refugees Algeria 2: 0124 Congo camp 9: 0472 food aid 17: 0199 in Nigeria 14: 0121 South Africa students 15: 0579

Religion and religious organizations Baha’i members trial 13: 0104

RFK see Kennedy, Robert F.

Rhodesia economic prospects 14: 0604 Nyasaland relations 14: 0547

Riots and disorders Algiers unrest 2: 0414, 0536 Congo (Brazzaville) 9: 0815; 10: 0001 Ethiopian Somalis 10: 0542 Mogadiscio, Somalia 15: 0216 Nigeria (western) unrest 14: 0001, 0067,

0121 Rabat, Morocco 12: 0721 Somalia, U.S. embassy 15: 0216 Sudan (southern) 16: 0001

Robbery and theft Katanga bank 8: 0720; 9: 0122, 0815

Ross, Claude G. 4: 0062

Rusk, Dean 3: 0154; 14: 0183; 15: 0115

Russell, Francis H. 11: 0132

Rwanda-Burundi Belgium relations 14: 0616 independence 16: 0318 international aid 12: 0422

Sabotage Katanga 8: 0587

Sahara Desert French claims 16: 0830

Salamanca, Carlos 3: 0549

Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira 3: 0549, 0638

Sandys, Duncan 11: 0110, 0132

46

Science and technology see Space programs

Seaboard Sudan airways contract 15: 0797;

16: 0001 Secret Army Organization (OAS)

2: 0014, 0045, 0124 Sekou Toure, Ahmed

Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 general 9: 0642; 11: 0235, 0341 JFK

communication 11: 0235 talks 11: 0341, 0372, 0412, 0453

Shriver, R. Sargent, talks 11: 0481 Selassie, Haile

Addis Ababa conference 1: 0831 Aden communication 15: 0335 and Algeria-Morocco 10: 0542 Algeria visit 3: 0154 general 10: 0315, 0782, 0890 JFK communication 10: 0239, 0542;

13: 0342 JFK-Selassie talks 10: 0746 political status 10: 0396 Rusk-Selassie talks 10: 0746 U.S. visits 10: 0617, 0678, 0835

Haile Selassie University 10: 0239

Senegal Congo mediation 5: 0140 foreign relations 14: 0622 France relations 14: 0622 LBJ visit 14: 0622 U.S. aid 14: 0622, 0730, 0791

Senghor, Leopold JFK

communication 14: 0791 talks 14: 0622

Sherman, Charles D. 11: 0922

Shipbuilding and repairing USSR shipyard, Morocco 13: 0001

Shriver, R. Sargent Sekou Toure, Ahmed, talks 11: 0481

Slim, Mongi JFK talks 17: 0282

Smuggling arms from Ghana 14: 0121

Sobukwe, Robert 1: 0831

Somalia China military aid 15: 0335 Ethiopia

dispute 15: 0001, 0115, 0216, 0335, 0489

relations 10: 0315, 0396, 0678, 0782 floods 14: 0879 FRG military aid 15: 0115 international aid 15: 0489 Kenya

assassination, role 15: 0335 dispute 15: 0115, 0216, 0335 talks 15: 0335

nonalignment policy 15: 0115 police 15: 0001 regional disputes 1: 0754 Soviet bloc aid 14: 0879 students in Czechoslovakia 14: 0879 UK relations 15: 0001, 0216, 0335 U.S

aid 14: 0879; 15: 0216 aircraft aid 15: 0001, 0115 embassy stoning 15: 0216 military aid 10: 0475, 0542, 0678,

0746, 0782; 15: 0115, 0216, 0335, 0489

USSR aid 15: 0001, 0216 see also Chisimaio, Somalia see also Mogadiscio, Somalia

South Africa apartheid 15: 0579 Communist Party 1: 0001, 0601 contingency planning 1: 0601 general 1: 0096, 0163, 0350 neutrino research 15: 0579 Nigeria views 14: 0415 sanctions 12: 0001 student refugees 15: 0579 subversive groups 1: 0831 UN

dispute 1: 0511, 0601, 0754 role, African views 10: 0678

U.S. submarines 1: 0754; 15: 0579 Southern Africa

black-white tensions 1: 0831 Ethiopia policies 10: 0782 independence movements 1: 0511 racial conflict 1: 0436

Southwest Africa independence movements 1: 0274

47

South West Africa People’s Organization see SWAPO

Sovereignty Algeria

independence 2: 0124; 3: 0001 U.S. recognition 2: 0536

colonies independence 1: 0061 French West Africa 1: 0001 independence referendum 2: 0124 Niger independence 13: 0711 Nyasaland 14: 0547 Rwanda-Burundi independence

16: 0318 Senegal 14: 0622 see also Diplomatic recognition see also Independence movements

Soviet Union see USSR

Spaak, Paul-Henri on Congo aid 10: 0001 on Congo reconciliation 4: 0408, 0566,

0875; 5: 0001, 0265; 6: 0001, 0190; 7: 0256, 0413

general 4: 0154; 9: 0310, 0472 on postsecession Katanga 9: 0001 on UMHK 7: 0571, 0722, 0848 on UN Congo operation 8: 0256, 0414 on UN Congo plan 6: 0417

Space programs JFK-Balewa satellite communication

14: 0183 U.S. Project Mercury 10: 0315

Spain Morocco relations 12: 0592, 0721;

13: 0001 Spear of the Nation

1: 0831 Stevenson, Adlai E.

9: 0472 Stogner, Hulen D.

4: 0267 Streulens, Michel

4: 0515; 6: 0584; 7: 0571, 0722 Student aid

in U.S. 1: 0096, 0163 Students

Angola 3: 0549 Kenya, U.S. aid 11: 0563 Nigeria 1: 0001 Somalis in Czechoslovakia 14: 0879

South Africa refugees 15: 0579 in U.S. 1: 0001

Submarines South Africa 1: 0754; 15: 0579

Sudan Africa relations 16: 0001, 0112 Congo policy 15: 0797; 16: 0001, 0112 and Cuban missile crisis 16: 0001 economy 16: 0001, 0112 foreign relations 15: 0620 international aid 16: 0001, 0112 Peace Corps 16: 0112 political organization 16: 0112 political unrest 16: 0001 Seaboard contract 15: 0797; 16: 0001 Soviet bloc relations 16: 0001 U.S.

aid 15: 0620, 0797; 16: 0001, 0112 space overflights 15: 0797

USAID operations 16: 0112 Yemen relations 16: 0001

SWAPO 1: 0274

Tanganyika Nyerere-JFK communication 16: 0223 political conditions 14: 0121 U.S. aid 14: 0121

Taxation Katanga 4: 0408, 0566; 7: 0001

Telecommunications JFK-Balewa via satellite 14: 0183

Terrorism Cameroon 3: 0751, 0828 Secret Army Organization 2: 0045, 0124

Tevoedjre, Albert Dungan, Ralph A., talks 12: 0422

Thryrng, Elizabeth 4: 0267

Togo Africa relations 16: 0262, 0318 Congo policy 16: 0318 coup 14: 0183; 16: 0534 elections 16: 0767 France relations 16: 0389 Ghana relations 16: 0230, 0605, 0666 military coup 16: 0426, 0534 Olympio, Sylvanus, assassination

16: 0426, 0534 post-coup recognition 16: 0486, 0534,

0605, 0666, 0706, 0767

48

Togo cont. UN involvement 16: 0706 U.S. aid 16: 0318

Tolbert, William R. 11: 0713

Torbert, Horace G., Jr. 15: 0115

Treaties and conventions nuclear test ban 10: 0746 U.S.-Portugal 3: 0638 see also Negotiations

Tripoli, Libya Ladies Day in Tripoli 12: 0340

Tshombe, David Y. 6: 0103

Tshombe, Moise Adoula, Cyrille

talks 4: 0360, 0408, 0566 views 6: 0001

Ball, George W., talks 5: 0451 on constitution 6: 0417 flight from Congo 8: 0256 general 4: 0749; 5: 0001 JFK communication 4: 0154; 5: 0140;

7: 0571 Keating, Kenneth, talks 7: 0001 Nkrumah, Kwame

communication 8: 0117 views 8: 0720

palace raid 9: 0472 political status 9: 0001, 0122, 0310,

0642; 10: 0082 press

interview 7: 0571 statement 6: 0190

protection in Leopoldville 4: 0566 secession end 8: 0720 and tribal chiefs 6: 0001 Tshombe, Moise, political status 8: 0720 UMHK

proposal 7: 0848; 8: 0001 threats 8: 0587

UN plan implementation 6: 0417, 0625,

0779; 7: 0001, 0256, 0413, 0722 talks 8: 0720

on UN plan 5: 0598, 0713, 0792; 6: 0001, 0322

Tsiranana, Philibert 12: 0422

Tubman, William V. S. Congo views 11: 0713 general 11: 0816 JFK

communication 11: 0816, 0922 talks 11: 0713; 12: 0001

opposition plots 11: 0922 personal security 11: 0922

Tunisia Africa relations 17: 0171 Algeria relations 2: 0820 Czechoslovakia air agreement 17: 0098 economic plans 17: 0199 foreign relations 16: 0817 France

conflict 16: 0830; 17: 0001, 0302, 0376, 0541; 18: 0001, 0135

negotiations 18: 0135 relations 17: 0171 prisoners exchange 18: 0135

labor development 17: 0199 Morocco relations 13: 0104 multilateral aid 17: 0001 political/economic conditions 16: 0830 troop airlift 16: 0830; 17: 0376 UN involvement 17: 0171, 0302, 0376,

0541; 18: 0001 U.S. aid 16: 0830; 17: 0001, 0171, 0199

Tunisian University 17: 0199

UAM see Africa and Malagasy Union

UAR see United Arab Republic

UAR Federation 2: 0820

Uganda and Central Africa Federation 18: 0215 East Africa relations 18: 0215 JFK-Kiwanuka talks 18: 0215 JFK-Obote talks 18: 0215 UK talks 18: 0215 U.S. aid 18: 0215, 0392

UMHK see Union Minière du Haut Katanga

UN see United Nations

Union Africaine et Malagache (UAM) see Africa and Malagasy Union

49

Union des Populations du Cameroun 3: 0751

Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK) Adoula, Cyrille, talks 7: 0413 dividend withholding 5: 0792 finances 5: 0001, 0713; 6: 0103; 7: 0001 general 4: 0875 Katanga reprisals 7: 0722 royalty payments 7: 0256, 0413, 0571,

0722, 0848; 8: 0117, 0587, 0720 Tshombe, Moise, threats 8: 0587 UN plan cooperation 6: 0190

Union of Angolan Peoples 3: 0638

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics see USSR

United Arab Republic (UAR) and Algeria-Morocco conflict 3: 0154

United Kingdom (UK) Adoula, Cyrille, relations 8: 0414 Congo

consul expulsion 8: 0587, 0720 policies 5: 0344; 8: 0414 relations 9: 0642

Katanga policy 8: 0720 Somalia relations 15: 0001, 0216, 0335 tripartite Congo talks 4: 0212, 0360 Uganda talks 18: 0215 U.S. talks 1: 0199, 0350

United Nations (UN) Adoula, Cyrille, trip 7: 0571 Africa representation 14: 0415 Algeria delegation 2: 0536 and Algeria-Morocco 13: 0248, 0342 Angola

actions 3: 0638 resolution 3: 0502, 0549

China membership 14: 0415 Congo

army relations 4: 0749 claims 9: 0642 financing 9: 0122, 0310, 0472;

10: 0001, 0082 mediation 4: 0566 military operations 4: 0129, 0226,

0408, 0464, 0749; 5: 0001, 0140, 0598, 0792; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190; 7: 0001; 8: 0001, 0256, 0414, 0587, 0720;

9: 0001, 0122, 0310, 0472, 0642, 0815; 10: 0001, 0082

military training 9: 0310 plan 5: 0598, 0713, 0792; 6: 0001,

0103, 0190, 0322, 0589, 0610 planning 7: 0001, 0256, 0722;

8: 0117 France arrears 5: 0344 France-Tunisia conflict 17: 0171, 0302,

0376, 0541 helicopter downing, Katanga 8: 0117 housing, African delegations 1: 0029 membership application 12: 0503 members’ payment arrears 5: 0451 military assistance 8: 0256 radio broadcasts 7: 0571 Security Council 12: 0422; 14: 0067 South Africa dispute 1: 0511, 0601,

0754 Togo involvement 16: 0706 Tshombe, Moise, talks 8: 0720 UN arrears 9: 0472 U.S. citizens in Congo 6: 0190 USSR “troika” proposal 14: 0415 U Thant subordinates 8: 0414

Upper Volta opposition activities 18: 0517 U.S. aid 18: 0487, 0517 USAID programs 18: 0517

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)

assistance 9: 0642; 16: 0112 Congo aid 9: 0642 general 11: 0543 Ivory Coast operations 11: 0543 Liberia operations 11: 0922 programs 1: 0675; 11: 0922; 18: 0517 Sudan operations 16: 0112 Upper Volta 18: 0517

U.S. Information Agency Libya operations 12: 0340

USSR Algeria relations 2: 0045, 0124, 0536,

0675; 3: 0001; 13: 0424 Angola activities 3: 0549, 0638 civil aviation aid 1: 0274, 0350 Congo

activity 7: 0848 aid 7: 0722

50

USSR cont. Congo cont.

diplomats expulsion 10: 0082 relations 9: 0310

Cuban missile crisis 6: 0779; 10: 0396; 13: 0001; 14: 0121; 16: 0001

Ghana, USSR aid 11: 0110 Guinea

aid 11: 0412 air rights 11: 0412, 0506 relations 11: 0235

Morocco military aid 12: 0721, 0838; 13: 0001 overflights 13: 0001 relations 13: 0424 shipyard 13: 0001

Somalia aid 14: 0879; 15: 0001, 0216, 0335

Sudan aid 15: 0620 airspace use 15: 0797; 16: 0001 relations 16: 0001

“troika” proposal 14: 0415 U.S. relations 10: 0746 U.S.-USSR in Africa 13: 0846 U.S.-USSR in Congo 9: 0001

U Thant on Congo-Katanga 8: 0256 general 4: 0749; 5: 0001, 0140, 0598 Nkrumah, Kwame, communication

8: 0720 subordinates relations 8: 0414

Vaccination and vaccines trachoma 10: 0396

Violence Algeria after cease-fire 2: 0045 Congo 4: 0875; 5: 0001; 9: 0642

Voice of America Morocco station 13: 0576

Volta River project 11: 0110, 0153

Wachuku, Jaja 5: 0001, 0792; 14: 0183

War Algeria cease-fire 2: 0124 Algeria-Morocco 13: 0248, 0342, 0424 Congo 4: 0129, 0226, 0235, 0241, 0408,

0464, 0749; 5: 0001, 0140, 0598; 6: 0001, 0103, 0190, 0322; 7: 0001; 8: 0001, 0256, 0414, 0587; 9: 0001, 0122

Welensky, Roy JFK talks 14: 0613

Wheelus Air Force Base 12: 0209, 0340

Williams, G. Mennen Africa visit 1: 0132, 0199, 0350 Algeria visit 2: 0820 Libya visit 12: 0072 Mauritania visit 12: 0592 Nigeria visit 14: 0183 Obote, Milton, talks 18: 0215

Women Katanga march 5: 0001 Tripoli Ladies Day 12: 0340

World Festival of Negro Arts 14: 0791

Yameogo, Maurice 18: 0517

Yazid, Muhammed JFK talks 3: 0294

Yemen Sudan relations 16: 0001

Yifru, Ato Ketema 10: 0315

Youlou, Fulbert resignation 9: 0815

Yugoslavia see Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Zanzibar U.S. tracking station 10: 0315

THE JOHN F. KENNEDY NATIONAL SECURITY FILES

Africa: National Security Files, 1961–1963Asia and the Pacific: National Security Files, 1961–1963

Latin America: National Security Files, 1961–1963The Middle East: National Security Files, 1961–1963

U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe: National Security Files, 1961–1963Vietnam: National Security Files, 1961–1963

THE LYNDON B. JOHNSON NATIONAL SECURITY FILES

Africa: National Security Files, 1963–1969Asia and the Pacific: National Security Files, 1963–1969

Latin America: National Security Files, 1963–1969The Middle East: National Security Files, 1963–1969

The United Nations: National Security Files, 1963–1969U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe: National Security Files, 1963–1969

Vietnam: National Security Files, November 1963–June 1965Vietnam, Special Subjects: National Security Files, 1963–1969

Western Europe: National Security Files, 1963–1969

UPA Collections from LexisNexis™www.lexisnexis.com/academic