African Music Power Point

8/3/2019 African Music Power Point

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African MusicAfrican Music



Map of the WorldMap of the World



Map of AfricaMap of Africa



African Music African Music

The influence of black African music isThe influence of black African music is

widespread, not only within communitieswidespread, not only within communities

of African heritage but across the world,of African heritage but across the world,having been brought to the Caribbean andhaving been brought to the Caribbean and

the Americas by the slave trade.the Americas by the slave trade.



What do you need to know about AfricanWhat do you need to know about African

music?music?

Understand what the following are:Understand what the following are:

-- Polyrhythmic texturePolyrhythmic texture

-- Call and ResponseCall and Response

-- ImprovisationImprovisation-- Pentatonic ScalesPentatonic Scales

-- A capella A capella

Be able to identify African instruments, both aurally andBe able to identify African instruments, both aurally andvisually.visually.



Traditional African InstrumentsTraditional African Instruments

DrumsDrums

Other percussion instrumentsOther percussion instruments

StringsStringsOther instrumentsOther instruments



DrumsDrums

African drums come in a variety of shapes African drums come in a variety of shapes

and sizes.and sizes.

The bodies are usually made from wood,The bodies are usually made from wood,gourds, and clay; drum heads are madegourds, and clay; drum heads are made

from animal skins.from animal skins.

Some examples: Djembe drum, TalkingSome examples: Djembe drum, Talking

drum, Sakara Drum and the Doumbekdrum, Sakara Drum and the Doumbek

Drum.Drum.



DjembeDjembe

TheThe djembedjembe drum hasdrum hasbeen called "the healingbeen called "the healingdrum".drum".

It dates back to the 12thIt dates back to the 12thcentury Mali Empire of century Mali Empire of West Africa.West Africa.

It has a very wide tonalIt has a very wide tonal

range setting it apart fromrange setting it apart fromother drums.other drums.



SakaraSakara

TheThe sakarasakara is a handis a hand--heldhelddrum made in Nigeria, Westdrum made in Nigeria, West

Africa. Africa.

It comes in a family of four It comes in a family of four

sizes, from tiny (sizes, from tiny ( At ele At ele) to) tolarge (large (Iy aIy a-- Alu Alu).).

It has goatskin stretchedIt has goatskin stretched

over a rim of red clay and isover a rim of red clay and is

played with a light stick.played with a light stick.

These drums are played allThese drums are played all

over the world in a variety of over the world in a variety of

ways.ways.



Talking DrumTalking Drum

T al king d r ums belong to

the family of hourglass

shaped pressure drums.

The gan gan is the

smallest, the dun dun is

the largest.

They have a drum head

at both ends.



Doumbek DrumDoumbek Drum

The doumbek drum comesfrom the middle east, originallyplayed in Egypt, Turkey and

Armenia.

The drum is played with thefingers. Dum is the bass toneplayed with your right hand inthe middle of the drum. T ek isa high ringing sound played

with your right hand. Ka is thesame sound as tek, but playedwith your left hand.



PercussionPercussion -- GonkoguiGonkogui

The g onk og ui is a

traditional double

bell which is held in

the hand whilst

being struck with a

stick.

It has one high andone low tone.



ShekereShekere

The shek er e also hasseeds loosely covering ahollowed gourd.

It is played by striking iton their hand, then ontheir leg, in variouspatterns.

The top of the ball can behit to create a deeper tone.



TokeToke

The t ok e or bananabell is played bystriking it with a metal

rod whilst it is liedacross the palm of thehand.

It can also be hung onthe side of drums.

A pair of these bells,tuned a fourth apart,usually play together.



StringsStrings -- KoraKora

The k ora is a 21-

string harp-lute, which

includes both plucked

and sympatheticstrings.

It is used by

professional

musicians among the

Mandika people of

Gambia.



Other InstrumentsOther Instruments African wind instruments include African wind instruments include

flutes, whistles, oboes andflutes, whistles, oboes andtrumpets.trumpets.

The flutes were made fromThe flutes were made frombamboo, reed, wood, clay, bonesbamboo, reed, wood, clay, bonesand other materials found in theand other materials found in thesubsub--Saharan region.Saharan region.

Trumpets, often associated withTrumpets, often associated withroyalty, were made from animalroyalty, were made from animalhorns or wood.horns or wood.

Clarinets, from the SavannahClarinets, from the Savannahregion of West Africa are maderegion of West Africa are made

from guineafrom guinea--corn or sorghumcorn or sorghumstems, with a reed cut from thestems, with a reed cut from thesurface of the stem at one end.surface of the stem at one end.DoubleDouble--reed instruments, suchreed instruments, suchas the hasua algaita, are derivedas the hasua algaita, are derivedfrom North Africafrom North Africa.



Musical Regions of AfricaMusical Regions of Africa

North AfricaNorth Africa

This includes all the countries north of the Sahara. TheThis includes all the countries north of the Sahara. Themain type of music here is Islamic, which uses drumsmain type of music here is Islamic, which uses drumssuch as the doumbek and string instruments such as thesuch as the doumbek and string instruments such as theud. Voices often use ornaments and melismas (lots of ud. Voices often use ornaments and melismas (lots of

notes to one syllable).notes to one syllable).

Tribal AfricaTribal Africa

This includes the subThis includes the sub--Saharan countries of Africa suchSaharan countries of Africa suchas Senegal, Ghana, Central African Republic, Conga.as Senegal, Ghana, Central African Republic, Conga.

Music here uses the djembe drum and the kora, withMusic here uses the djembe drum and the kora, withmuch callmuch call--andand--response singing. The music often hasresponse singing. The music often hasostinato patterns, in the rhythm or the instrumental or ostinato patterns, in the rhythm or the instrumental or vocal parts.vocal parts.



Music in African SocietyMusic in African Society

Music pervades all aspects of life.

It is not only used for entertainment, butalso accompanies day-to-day activitiesand affairs.

It is important in religious ritual andprovides a link between daily life and

culture.There are trained musicians called greots

who possess special knowledge.



African Drumming African Drumming

African drumming is not written down in African drumming is not written down in

any form.any form.

When several instruments are combinedWhen several instruments are combinedgenerally various rhythms on the differentgenerally various rhythms on the different

instruments are overlaid to create ainstruments are overlaid to create a

polyrhythmic texturepolyrhythmic texture..



Vocal MusicVocal Music

Songs are used for all aspects of Africanlife.

Counting songs, punishment songs and

work songs are commonly sung. A common characteristic of many songs is

that they are in call and response

patterning.Much African music is sung a capella ±

without instrumental accompaniment.



Pentatonic ScalesPentatonic Scales

Much African music utilises pentatonicMuch African music utilises pentatonic

scalesscales ± ± a five note scale.a five note scale.

Documents

African Music Power Point