VOL. CLXVIII . . . No. 58,300 + © 2019 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17, 2019

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PARIS — President EmmanuelMacron asked French citizens onTuesday night to come together inthe aftermath of the calamitousfire at Notre-Dame Cathedral andto move beyond the divisions thathave wrenched the country dur-ing months of violent street pro-tests.

Mr. Macron, who has faced avirtual uprising against his pro-business government, sought torally a country still devastated bythe fire and turn the profound, yetundoubtedly fleeting, moment ofnational mourning and unity to hisadvantage.

Like his predecessor, FrançoisHollande, who steered Francethrough two terrorist attacks, Mr.Macron suggested that politics beforgotten in the aftermath of thefire and called attention to thegrand national rebuilding project— vowing to restore the gargan-tuan Gothic gem in a mere fiveyears.

“So, yes, we will rebuild Notre-Dame Cathedral, more beautifulthan ever, and I want this to be fin-ished in five years,” Mr. Macronsaid. “We can do it, and we willmobilize to do so.”

After an inspection Tuesday,with firefighters still searching forsmoldering embers, the Frenchauthorities declared the 850-year-old cathedral structurally sound,if wounded by three troubling“holes” in the sweeping vaultedceiling.

How the fire started remainsunder intensive investigation,though the authorities were treat-ing the disaster as an accident, fo-cusing on workers who were car-rying out another round of nearlyconstant renovations at the scaf-folding-shrouded site.

Wealthy benefactors — includ-ing the French energy companyTotal, L’Oréal and the family ofBernard Arnault, the richest man

Macron Encourages UnityAfter Notre-Dame Tragedy

The French PresidentSeizes a Moment

of Mourning

By ADAM NOSSITER

POOL PHOTO BY CHRISTOPHE PETIT TESSON

Towers Spire

CROSS

SECTION

Notre-Dame’s attic, the space above the

cathedral’s soaring stone arches, contained

a lattice of wooden support beams that

became fuel in the fire.

Attic

THE NEW YORK TIMES

Stone

Attic

WoodWoodWoodWoodWoodWoodWoodWood

Top, a fire that lasted more than 12 hours at the iconic Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris left the interior filled with debris on Tuesday.Above, the fire burned through most of the wooden roof and toppled its spire within an hour on Monday evening. Continued on Page A10

PARIS — Inside the cavernouscathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris,the last Mass of the day was un-derway on Monday of Holy Weekwhen the first fire alarm went off.It was 6:20 p.m., 25 minutes be-fore the heavy wooden doors werescheduled to close to visitors forthe day.

Worshipers, sightseers andstaff were ushered out, and some-one went up to check the most vul-nerable part of the medievalstructure — the attic, a lattice ofancient wooden beams known as“the forest” — but no fire wasfound, Rémy Heitz, the Paris pros-ecutor, said on Tuesday.

At 6:43 p.m., another alarmrang. It was just 23 minutes later,but when they returned to the at-tic, it was clear they had a majorproblem: It was on fire. Soonmuch of the roof and the delicatespire rising high above it werealso engulfed in flames, fanned bya strong breeze.

Exactly how the fire broke out isnow the subject of an intensive in-vestigation by the French authori-ties, who are so far treating thedisaster as an accident.

Much remains to be learned.But already it is emerging that No-tre-Dame, irreplaceable as it is toFrance’s heritage, lacked the fun-damental fire-prevention safe-guards that are required in moremodern structures and have beengrafted onto other ancient cathe-drals elsewhere in Europe.

Some of those elements, likefirewalls or a sprinkler system,were absent by choice — so as notto alter the landmark’s design orto introduce electrical wiringdeemed a greater risk amid thetimbers that supported Notre-Dame’s ornate lead roof.

“There had been a systematicrefusal to install anything electri-

A ‘Forest’ of ParchedTimber, and Little

to Stop a Blaze

This article is by Aurelien Bree-den, Elian Peltier, Liz Aldermanand Richard Pérez-Peña.

Continued on Page A8

WASHINGTON — When LeahDaughtry, a former DemocraticParty official, addressed a closed-door gathering of about 100wealthy liberal donors in SanFrancisco last month, all it tookwas a review of the 2020 primaryrules to throw a scare in them.

Democrats are likely to go intotheir convention next summerwithout having settled on a presi-dential nominee, said Ms. Daugh-try, who ran her party’s conven-tions in 2008 and 2016, the last twotimes the nomination was con-tested. And Senator Bernie Sand-ers of Vermont is well positionedto be one of the last candidatesstanding, she noted.

“I think I freaked them out,” Ms.Daughtry recalled with a chuckle,an assessment that was con-firmed by three other attendees.They are hardly alone.

From canapé-filled fund-raiserson the coasts to the cloakrooms ofWashington, mainstream Demo-crats are increasingly worriedthat their effort to defeat Presi-dent Trump in 2020 could be com-plicated by Mr. Sanders, in a politi-cal scenario all too reminiscent ofhow Mr. Trump himself seized theRepublican nomination in 2016.

How, some Democrats are be-ginning to ask, do they thwart a70-something candidate from out-side the party structure who is im-mune to intimidation or incentiveand wields support from an unwa-vering base, without simply re-inforcing his “the establishment isout to get me”’ message — thesame grievance Mr. Trump used

to great effect?But stopping Mr. Sanders, or at

least preventing a contentiousconvention, could prove difficultfor Democrats.

He has enormous financial ad-vantages — already substantiallyoutraising his Democratic rivals— that can sustain a major cam-paign through the primaries. Andhe is well positioned to benefitfrom a historically large field ofcandidates that would splinter thevote: If he wins a substantial num-ber of primaries and caucuses andcomes in second in others, thanksto his deeply loyal base of votersacross many states, he would pick

up formidable numbers of dele-gates.

To a not-insignificant number ofDemocrats, of course, Mr. Sand-ers’s populist agenda is exactlywhat the country needs. And hehas proved his mettle, havingemerged from the margins tomount a surprisingly strong chal-lenge to Hillary Clinton, earning13 million votes and capturing 23primaries or caucuses.

His strength on the left giveshim a real prospect of winning theDemocratic nomination and couldmake him competitive for thepresidency if his economic justice

Continued on Page A17

Sanders, Surging, Has Democrats Jittery (Again)By JONATHAN MARTIN

Some Democrats, worried about a divided 2020 race, are start-ing to ask how to thwart Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.

BRITTANY GREESON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

WASHINGTON — In the lastcouple of weeks, PresidentTrump repeatedly called hisenemies “treasonous.” He threat-ened to punish Democrats bydumping migrants in their dis-tricts. He promoted a video tyinga Muslim congresswoman toimages of the Sept. 11 terroristattack on the World Trade Cen-ter.

The message seems clear andso does the audience: more redmeat for red-state Americanswho have been the foundation ofhis political enterprise since hisagainst-the-odds campaign forthe White House. And it is areminder that this presidentgoverns as none of his modernpredecessors did.

The old-fashioned idea that apresident, once reaching office,should at least pretend to be theleader of all the people thesedays seems so, well, old-fash-ioned. Mr. Trump does not botherwith the pretense. He is speakingto his people, not the people. Hehas become, or so it often seems,the president of the United Baseof America.

Mr. Trump travels nearly fivetimes as often to states that werein his column in 2016 as to thosethat supported Hillary Clinton.He has given several times moreinterviews to Fox News than toall the other major networks

combined. His social mediaadvertising is aimed dispropor-tionately at older Americans whowere the superstructure of hisvictory in the Electoral College in2016. His messaging is permeat-ed with divisive language thatgalvanizes core supporters morethan it persuades anyone on thefence, much less on the otherside.

“Just from a pure governancestandpoint, the ability to be pres-ident of a majority of the country,they don’t even to seem to con-sider that’s part of being presi-dent,” said Matthew Dowd, who

Continued on Page A14

NEWS ANALYSIS

Trump, in Politics or in Travel, Seldom Strays From His Base

By PETER BAKER

Greeting President Trump at aWest Virginia rally on Nov. 2.

GABRIELLA DEMCZUK/THE NEW YORK TIMES

The singer Sparkle, above, once testi-fied against R. Kelly in a sexual abusecase. She might do it again. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

Speaking Out Despite the CostsGina Haspel, the agency’s director, hasbeen adept at winning the president’sear, if not at influencing policy. PAGE A15

NATIONAL A13-17

Nearing a Year Atop the C.I.A.

The president rejected a bipartisanresolution to force an end to Americanmilitary involvement in Saudi Arabia’scivil war in Yemen. PAGE A12

INTERNATIONAL A4-12

Trump Vetoes Act on YemenBusiness leaders say President Trump,one of Beijing’s toughest critics, couldforce the country to change. Stillneeded: support from within. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-8

Could a Trade War Help China?After a meteoric rise and a crash, thechef Kwame Onwuachi is drawingattention with a new approach. PAGE D1

FOOD D1-8

Young Chef Bounces Back

A new book offers an irreverent compi-lation of the top foods at the heart ofJewish identity, kosher or not. Page D1

Solomonic Picks for a Tasty List

Thomas L. Friedman PAGE A21

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A20-21

Adam Driver delivers a powerful per-formance in a lopsided revival of theplay “Burn This.” A review. PAGE C1

Turning Up the Heat OnstageA Mississippi town’s lackluster payoffon legal sports betting is not makingother places eager to try it. PAGE A13

Disappointing Wager in South

The two agreed to dismiss all litigationbetween them and for Apple to payroyalties on Qualcomm patents. PAGE B1

Apple and Qualcomm SettleThe Duke and Duchess of Sussex planto skip the ritual photo op, furtherstraining ties with the press. PAGE A4

No Pictures of the Baby, Please

Roberto Clemente wore No. 21, andmany Latino players want the jerseyretired throughout baseball. PAGE B9

SPORTSWEDNESDAY B9-13

A Number as a CauseAs far as New Jersey’s drivers areconcerned, New York’s congestion tollsamount to a “keep out” sign. PAGE A18

NEW YORK A18-19

The Latest Cross-Hudson Spat

WASHINGTON — The Trumpadministration on Tuesday tookanother significant step to dis-courage migrants from seekingasylum, issuing an order thatcould keep thousands of them injail indefinitely while they wait fora resolution of their asylum re-quests.

The order issued by AttorneyGeneral William P. Barr was an ef-fort to deliver on PresidentTrump’s promise to end the “catchand release” of migrants crossingthe border in hopes of escapingpersecution in their home coun-tries.

The order — which directs im-migration judges to deny somemigrants a chance to post bail —will not go into effect for 90 days.It is all but certain to be chal-lenged in federal court, but immi-grant rights lawyers said it couldundermine the basic rights of peo-ple seeking safety in the UnitedStates.

“They want to send a messagethat you will get detained,” saidJudy Rabinovitz, a deputy direc-tor of the Immigrants Rights’Project at the American Civil Lib-erties Union. “We are talkingabout people who are fleeing fortheir lives, seeking safety. And ourresponse is just lock them up.”

Mr. Barr’s order is the latest ef-

Barr WithholdsBail to MigrantsSeeking Asylum

By MICHAEL D. SHEARand KATIE BENNER

Continued on Page A16

Late EditionToday, partly sunny, seasonable,high 63. Tonight, considerablecloudiness, on and off rain, low 50.Tomorrow, overcast, periodic rain,high 59. Weather map, Page B16.

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