32 0 1 7

*This designation, found here and thereafter in this publication, shall not be construed as recognition of a state of Palestine and is without prejudice to the individual positions of the member states on this issue. **No data available for 2010.

How did the Arab Spring affect the MENA and its population?

Prison population trends - change (%) in number of prisoners before and after the Arab Spring (based on average accessible data)

Youth unemployment rate (age 15-24) 2010 vs 2016

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

Bahrain Egypt Jordan Yemen Lebanon Morocco Iraq Saudi Arabia

Qatar Algeria Tunisia Kuwait Libya EU member states

3012013

1162016 150

2015 532013 128

20152272016

1502014 161

2013532013

1552014

2062016

1122015

992014

1172014

FREE PARTLY FREE NOT FREE

Freedom of press in the MENA 2010 vs 2016 (Freedom House score)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5 19

99

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Middle East and North Africa World Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen

Population growth in the MENA (%)

of the MENA's population (87 million people) live in four countries directly affected by war: Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen

At over 44%, female youth unemployment in the MENA is 18 percentage points higher than for male youths

Compared to 2010, youth unemployment in the MENA has risen by 7 percentage points, and remains the highest rate globally at 32% 1/3

Morocco17.7% 20.6%

Algeria22% 26.6%

Tunisia29.5% 35.7%

Libya42.9% 48.1%

Egypt25.2% 33.4%

Saudi Arabia29.4% 31.2%

Yemen30.4% 33.8%

Oman45.5% 50.8%

United Arab Emirates

11.4% 11.5%

Qatar1.4% 0.7%

Syria19.1% 31.5%

Jordan30% 34%

Lebanon20.9% 21.3%

Palestine*38.7% 41.1%

Bahrain5.1% 5.6%

Kuwait10% 13.3%

0 30 60 100

Bahrain

Kuwait

Libya

Lebanon

Morocco

Tunisia

Yemen

United Arab Emirates

Syria

Egypt

Jordan

Oman

Palestine **

Saudi Arabia

Iraq

Algeria

Qatar

Iraq32.7% 36.1%

Prison population

rate (per 100,000 of national population)

After the Arab Spring: what’s changed?

European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2017 1

When the Arab Spring occurred in 2011, many observers both in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Europe, saw the popular uprisings as a chance to enact region-wide reforms and advance towards more accountable, democratic and economically sus-tainable societies. However, today the overall picture in the region looks bleak: most of the main factors contributing to popular dissat-isfaction – including repressive political landscapes, and high levels of violence and unemployment – are worsening to varying degrees.

Compiled by: Julia Lisiecka, Junior Analyst at the EUISS.

In the light of the Arab Spring, the European Union and its member states re-defined their priorities with regard to the Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA. Combined, aid flows from the EU institutions and the member states have in-creased by 52%. European funding focused on addressing the most pressing humanitarian crisis (Syria), while continuing the extensive support provided to the countries neighbouring the EU. The Union and its member states collectively remain the biggest donor in the MENA, and account for one-third of all aid sent to the region.

European Union Institute for Security Studies May 2017 2

Data sources: International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank, World Prison Brief of the International Centre for Prison Studies, Freedom House, Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD).

How did the Arab Spring impact European Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the MENA?

Five biggest recipients of European ODA in the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)

European Official Development Assistance to the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)

Main recipients of European Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA 2010 - 2015 (current $ millions)

Breakdown of global ODA to the MENA in 2015 (current $ millions)

2010 2015

2015

EU member states

United States EU institutions United Nations

Palestine1,029

Palestine839

Morocco882

Egypt594

Tunisia564

Algeria246

Morocco1,222

Syria1,127

Tunisia695

Egypt615

EU institutions33%

Germany22%

United Kingdom15%

France14%

The Netherlands3%

Italy3%

Others10%

Breakdown of European donors 2015

2010

4,3986,679

$

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Algeria Egypt Morocco Syria Tunisia Palestine

EU donors account for 86% of total EU member states'aid in the MENA51The EU is the world's number

donor to the MENAof European ODA to the MENA goes to five main recipients67%

4,4432,820

All donorstotal

20,132

2,236

918

© EU Institute for Security Studies. Graphic design by Metropolis Lisbon.

Data sources: International Labour Organisation (ILO), World Bank, World Prison Brief of the International Centre for Prison Studies, Freedom House, Organisation for Economic Co-operation (OECD).

How did the Arab Spring impact European Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the MENA?

Five biggest recipients of European ODA in the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)

European Official Development Assistance to the MENA 2010 vs 2015 (current $ millions)

Main recipients of European Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the MENA 2010 - 2015 (current $ millions)

Breakdown of global ODA to the MENA in 2015 (current $ millions)

2010 2015

2015

EU member states

United States EU institutions United Nations

Palestine1,029

Palestine839

Morocco882

Egypt594

Tunisia564

Algeria246

Morocco1,222

Syria1,127

Tunisia695

Egypt615

EU institutions33%

Germany22%

United Kingdom15%

France14%

The Netherlands3%

Italy3%

Others10%

Breakdown of European donors 2015

2010

4,3986,679

$

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Algeria Egypt Morocco Syria Tunisia Palestine

EU donors account for 86% of total EU member states'aid in the MENA51The EU is the world's number

donor to the MENAof European ODA to the MENA goes to five main recipients67%

4,4432,820

All donorstotal

20,132

2,236

918