Age at time of death

Babies: Bones not yet fused Soft spot on top of skull

Children: Emerging teeth (adult teeth, wisdom teeth) Ossification (bones get denser, bigger in teens)

Collar bones grow up until 18 years old

Elderly: Spikes develop on vertebrae Teeth, bone wear Arthritis

Gender of deceased

Males: Prominent features on skull Narrower hips, wider shoulders More developed points of muscle

attachment Rectangular orbits

Females: 3rd finger longer than 1st Circular orbits Wider pelvis, especially after birthing

Height

Anthropologists can reassemble skeleton and measure height, or use certain bones with appropriate formulae (most people are two and 2/3 their length of their femur)

Disease

Spina bifida, inadequate diets, some cancers

Work related injuries, and wear

Ethnicity

See attached sheets

Types of bones Flat Long Short IrregularTypes of joints Hinge Ball & socket Pivot Gliding Immovable