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The New Imperialism
• European nations viewed Asian and African societies as a source of:
• Industrial raw materials
• A market for western manufactured goods
• European states began to scramble for overseas territory
Imperialism
• And so this was called Imperialism:
• The extension of a nation’s power over other lands
Imperialism
Old
• European nations had just set up trading posts where they could carry out trade or missionary activity
New
• Now, they were only looking for direct control over vast territories
Why Imperialism???????
• Why Imperialism:
• 1. Economic motives – States in the west were looking for markets and raw materials like rubber, oil, and tin
• 2. Heated rivalries – get land abroad and you gain an advantage over your rival
• 3. Source of national prestige – A nation could not be great without colonies
Imperialism and racism
• Imperialism was tied to Social Darwinism (fittest nation survives) and racism (belief that race determines traits and capabilities)
• Europeans believed that they had a moral responsibility to civilize people and called it “the white man’s burden”
• This meant bringing Christianity and spreading Democracy
Great Britain
• The process began with Great Britain
• Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles found a new colony called Singapore
• Became a major stopping point for traffic traveling to/from China
• Shortly after, Britain controlled the South Asian island of Burma to protect its land in India
France
• With fear that the British were extending into South Eastern Asian territory, the French sought to strengthen their territory in Vietnam
• The French forced the Vietnamese government to accept French protection and began to expand control over key cities and then into neighboring countries
The United States
• During the Spanish-American war, the Americans were able to defeat the Spanish fleet in the Philippines and take the area from Spain.
• This prevented Japan from taking the area and gave the USA access to trade with China
Colonial Regimes
• Western powers governed the new colonies
• Goals???
• To exploit the natural resources of the lands and to open up markets for their own manufactured goods
Indirect and Direct Rule
• Indirect:
• Local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting
• Made it easier to get natural resources
• It was also cheaper
• Direct:
• Local officials were replaced with Western officials
• To make it ok, western powers said they were bringing the blessings of Western Civilization
Colonial Economies
• Colonial power did not want their colonists to develop their own industries. Therefore:• They focused on export of raw materials
• This led to the development of plantation agriculture • Peasants worked as wage laborers and plantation owners kept
wages low