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Age of ReformAge of Reform
The Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement and the Populist Partyand the Populist Party
Led to a new eraLed to a new era1000’s left farm and 1000’s left farm and small towns to work in small towns to work in manufacturingmanufacturing
Reform-changes made to Reform-changes made to improve somethingimprove something
Industrial Revolution caused Industrial Revolution caused some unique problems that some unique problems that created a need for reformcreated a need for reform
Areas of ReformAreas of Reform:: Labor (Work)Labor (Work) EducationEducation Alcohol AbuseAlcohol Abuse Women’s inability to voteWomen’s inability to vote
Average worker - $225 Average worker - $225 yearlyyearly
12 hours a day12 hours a day 6 days a week6 days a week Lower than U.S. workerLower than U.S. worker Advantage in town-- Advantage in town--
newspapernewspaper
Low Wages and Long HoursLow Wages and Long Hours No Job securityNo Job security ImpersonalImpersonal unsafe work environment…unsafe work environment…
limited compensationlimited compensation
Wages and Working Wages and Working Conditions of U.S. Conditions of U.S.
WorkerWorker
Abuses in labor led to Abuses in labor led to formation of labor formation of labor unionsunions
1870 industry 1870 industry employed twice as employed twice as many children as many children as womenwomen
Railroad AbusesRailroad Abuses Took land given to them by the Took land given to them by the
government and sold it at high government and sold it at high prices to farmersprices to farmers
Charged higher rate for short Charged higher rate for short hauls than for long haulshauls than for long hauls
Allowed political friends to ride Allowed political friends to ride freefree
Gave rebates to preferred Gave rebates to preferred customerscustomers
RR controlled pricesRR controlled prices
James Hogg Fights for ReformJames Hogg Fights for Reform Fought Insurance Companies that Fought Insurance Companies that
weren’t following TX Lawweren’t following TX Law Broke up the Texas Traffic Assn-a Broke up the Texas Traffic Assn-a
Railroad trustRailroad trust Argued that trusts created aArgued that trusts created a monopoly- monopoly-
one company’s complete control one company’s complete control of over a product or service in the of over a product or service in the market market
Passed anti-trust laws making monopolies Passed anti-trust laws making monopolies illegalillegal
Monopoly blamed for creating Monopoly blamed for creating high prices and unstable high prices and unstable economyeconomy
emergence of new rich classemergence of new rich class conspicuous consumptionconspicuous consumption 1% controlled 88% of US wealth1% controlled 88% of US wealth 10 mil lived below the poverty line10 mil lived below the poverty line standard of living was rising, but the gap standard of living was rising, but the gap
was widening between the haves and was widening between the haves and have-notshave-nots
The Problems of The Problems of MonopolyMonopoly
PopulismPopulism FarmersFarmers felt they were being ignored by felt they were being ignored by
government- government- formed the Farmers’ formed the Farmers’ Alliance which spread throughout Alliance which spread throughout the South.the South.
Populism-Populism- was a nationwide movement of was a nationwide movement of rural citizens who had not benefited from the rural citizens who had not benefited from the modern lifestyle made possible from growth in modern lifestyle made possible from growth in
industry- industry- a political movement of the a political movement of the common people that resulted in common people that resulted in the formation of the “People’s the formation of the “People’s Party” (political)Party” (political)
Populist’s ReformsPopulist’s Reforms Govt Regulation of BusinessesGovt Regulation of Businesses Public ownership of RR, telegraph, and Public ownership of RR, telegraph, and
telephone linestelephone lines Elimination of national banking system; Elimination of national banking system;
implementation of greenbacksimplementation of greenbacks Storage of excess crops to cause prices Storage of excess crops to cause prices
to increaseto increase Graduated income tax (16Graduated income tax (16thth
Amendment)Amendment) Direct election of U.S. Senators (17Direct election of U.S. Senators (17thth
Amendment)Amendment)
Temperance Movement Temperance Movement led toled to
Prohibition-18Prohibition-18thth AmendmentAmendment
Temperance-the avoidance of alcoholTemperance-the avoidance of alcohol Citizens began expressing concern over Citizens began expressing concern over
the consumption of alcohol on societythe consumption of alcohol on society This movement was led by women such This movement was led by women such
as WCTU-Women’s Christian Temp Unionas WCTU-Women’s Christian Temp Union Prohibition- A ban of the manufacturing, Prohibition- A ban of the manufacturing,
sale, transport or use of alcoholic sale, transport or use of alcoholic beveragesbeverages
Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage
Suffrage - the right to voteSuffrage - the right to vote By 1918 women in TX could vote By 1918 women in TX could vote
in primariesin primaries June 1919 - TX legislature ratified June 1919 - TX legislature ratified
the 19the 19thth Amendment to the U.S. Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, allowing women the Constitution, allowing women the right to voteright to vote
Improving EducationImproving Education Constitution of 1876 - funds for Constitution of 1876 - funds for
public lands and poll taxes were public lands and poll taxes were revenues for public schoolsrevenues for public schools
1 Million students in public 1 Million students in public school by 1910school by 1910
Universities, Texas A & M, and Universities, Texas A & M, and UT were established by 1880’sUT were established by 1880’s
Disaster Leads to Disaster Leads to ChangeChange
The City of Galveston The City of Galveston was struck by a was struck by a devastating hurricane in devastating hurricane in 1900.1900.
It was the worst natural It was the worst natural disaster to ever hit the disaster to ever hit the U.S.U.S.
Winds – excess 120 Winds – excess 120 miles per hourmiles per hour
Waves – 20 feet Waves – 20 feet higher than normalhigher than normal
15 foot storm surge 15 foot storm surge washed over citywashed over city
6000 – number of 6000 – number of people who diedpeople who died
Worst natural disaster to Worst natural disaster to hit US ever hit US ever
““Where 20,000 Where 20,000 people lived on the 8people lived on the 8thth (of September), not a (of September), not a house remained on house remained on the 9the 9thth””
17 foot seawall was 17 foot seawall was built to break the built to break the waves during storms.waves during storms.
All weather All weather bridge connects bridge connects island to the island to the mainland today mainland today for evacuation for evacuation purposespurposes
Progressives Push for Progressives Push for Change!Change!
Banned co’s from issuing Banned co’s from issuing “scrips” instead of money for “scrips” instead of money for wageswages
Limited number of hours Limited number of hours employees work in one dayemployees work in one day
Child labor laws- <12 couldn’t Child labor laws- <12 couldn’t work in industrial plants in TXwork in industrial plants in TX
Blacklists were outlawed-used to Blacklists were outlawed-used to alert employers of union activityalert employers of union activity
Farmer Jim as GovernorFarmer Jim as Governor No political experienceNo political experience; self-; self-
educated lawyer and bankereducated lawyer and banker Ignored prohibitionIgnored prohibition; ;
concentrated on poor tenant concentrated on poor tenant farmersfarmers
First governor of TX to be First governor of TX to be impeached-to bring charges of impeached-to bring charges of misconduct to remove a public misconduct to remove a public official from officeofficial from office