1

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND WARFARE IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN

EUROPE

A Bibliography of Diplomatic and Military Studies

William Young

Chapter 5

Age of the Thirty Years War (1598-1660)

Europe (1598-1660)

Asch, Ronald G. The Thirty Years War: The Holy Roman Empire and Europe,

1618-1648. European History in Perspective series. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Beller, Elmer Adolph. Propaganda in Germany during the Thirty Years War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940.

__________. “Recent Studies on the Thirty Years War.” The Journal of Modern History 3 (March 1931): 72-83.

__________. “The Thirty Years War.” In The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/59. Volume 4 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by John Phillips Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Bireley, Robert. The Jesuits and the Thirty Years War: Kings, Courts, and Confessors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Bonney, Richard. “The Struggle for European Hegemony, 1618-1660.” Chapter 4 in The European Dynastic States, 1494-1660. The Short Oxford History of the Modern World series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

__________. The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. Essential Histories series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2002.

2

Bussmann, Klaus and Heinz Schilling, editors. 1648: War and Peace in Europe. 3 volumes. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Landschaftsverband Westfälen-Lippe, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturegeschichte, 1998.

Darby, Graham. The Thirty Years War. Access to History series. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2001.

Deakin, Quentin. Expansion, War and Rebellion: Europe, 1598-1661. Cambridge Perspectives in History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Elliott, John Huxtable. AWar and Peace in Europe, 1618-1648.@ In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Friedrich, Carl Joachim. The Age of Baroque, 1610-1660. Rise of Modern Europe series. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1952.

Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. Epochs of Modern History series. New York: Scribner, Armstrong and Company, 1875.

Gindley, Anton. History of the Thirty Years War. 2 volumes. Translated by Andrew Ten Brook. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1884.

Helfferich, Tryntje, editor. The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett, 2009.

Koenigsberger, Helmut Georg. “The European Civil War.” Chapter 3 in Habsburgs and Europe, 1516-1660. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.

Langer, Herbert. The Thirty Years War. Poole, England: Blandford Press, 1980.

Lee, Stephen J. “Issues Involved in the Thirty Years War.” Chapter 14 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 1984.

__________. “The Effects of the Thirty Years War on Germany.” Chapter 15 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 1984.

__________. “The Significance of the Treaty of Westphalia.” Chapter 16 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 1984.

3

__________. The Thirty Years War. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1991.

Limm, Peter. The Thirty Years War. Seminar Studies in History series. London: Longman, 1984.

Maland, David. Europe at War, 1600-1650. London: Macmillan, 1980. Mortimer, Geoff. “Did Contemporaries Recognize a ‘Thirty Years War’?”

The English Historical Review 116 (February 2001): 124-36. __________. “Individual Experience and Perception of the Thirty Years War

in Eyewitness Accounts.” German History 20 (April 2002): 141-60. __________. Eyewitness Accounts of the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. New

York: Palgrave, 2002. __________. “Perceptions of the Thirty Years War in Eyewitness Personal

Accounts.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. Outram, Quentin. “The Socio-Economic Relations of Warfare and the

Military Mortality Crises of the Thirty Years War.” Medieval History 45 (April 2001): 151-84; reprinted in Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660. International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Paul E.J. Hammer. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

Pagès, Georges. The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. Translated by David Maland and John Hooper. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1970.

Parker, Geoffrey. Europe in Crisis, 1598-1648. Blackwell Classic Histories of Europe series. Second edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.

__________, editor. The Thirty Years War. Second edition. London: Routledge, 1997.

Polišenskỳ, Josef V. “The Thirty Years War.” Past and Present No. 6 (November 1954): 31-43.

__________. The Thirty Years War. Translated by Robert John Weston Evans. London: B.T. Batsford, 1971.

__________. “The Thirty Years War and the Crises and Revolutions of Seventeenth-Century Europe.” Past and Present No. 39 (April 1968): 34-43.

__________. War and Society in Europe, 1618-1648. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Rabb, Theodore K., editor. The Thirty Years War. Problems in European Civilization series. Second edition. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1981.

4

Reade, Hubert Granville Revell. Sidelights on the Thirty Years War. 3 volumes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1924.

Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry. “The Thirty Years War: A New Interpretation.” History 32 (September 1947): 89-102.

__________. The “Thirty Years War” and the Conflict for European Hegemony, 1600-1660. Foundations of Modern History series. London: Edward Arnold, 1966.

Theibault, John. “The Demography of the Thirty Years War Re-visited: Gunther Franz and His Critics.” German History 15 (January 1997): 1-21.

Upton, Anthony F. Europe, 1600-1789. The Arnold History of Europe series. London: Arnold, 2001.

Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica. The Thirty Years War. London: Jonathan Cape, 1938.

Wilson, Peter H. “Dynasty, Constitution and Confession: The Role of Religion in the Thirty Years War.” The International History Review 30 (September 2008): 473-514.

__________. “Meaningless Conflict? The Character of the Thirty Years War.” In The Projection and Limitations of Imperial Powers, 1618-1850. History of Warfare series. Edited by Frederick C. Schneid. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

__________. “Review Article: New Perspectives on the Thirty Years War.” German History 23 (April 2005): 237-61.

__________. The Thirty Years War: A Sourcebook. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

__________. The Thirty Years War: Europe’s Tragedy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2009.

__________. “Who Won the Thirty Years War?” History Today 59 (August 2009): 12-19.

Military and Naval Affairs Åberg, Alf. “Scots in the Army of Adolphus Gustavus.” Anglo-Swedish

Review (April 1957): 226-30. __________. “Scottish Soldiers in the Swedish Armies in the Sixteenth and

Seventeenth Centuries.” In Scotland and Scandinavia, 800-1800. Mackie

5

Monographs series. Edited by Grant G. Simpson. Edinburgh, Scotland: John Donald, 1990.

__________. “The Swedish Army: From Lützen to Narva.” In Sweden’s Age of Greatness, 1632-1718. Problems in Focus series. Edited by Michael Roberts. London: Macmillan, 1973.

Ailes, Mary Elizabeth. Military Migration and State Formation: The British Military Community in Seventeenth-Century Sweden. Studies in War, Society, and the Military series. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.

Anderson, Matthew Smith. “The Age of the Entrepreneur, 1618-1660.” Part I in War and Society in Europe of the Old Regime, 1618-1789. History of War and European Society series. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.

Anderson, Roger Charles. “The Thirty Years War in the Mediterranean.” The Mariner’s Mirror 15/16 (1969/70): 15:435-51, 16:41-57; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

Arnold, Thomas F. “Fortifications and Statecraft of the Gonzaga, 1530-1630.” Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1993.

__________. “Gonzaga Fortifications and the Mantuan Succession Crisis of 1613-1631.” Mediterranean Studies 4 (1994): 113-30.

Asch, Ronald G. “Warfare in the Age of the Thirty Years War 1598-1648.” In European Warfare 1453-1815. Problems in Focus series. Edited by Jeremy Black. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999.

Barker, Thomas Mack. “Ottavio Piccolomini (1599-1659): A Fair Historical Judgement?” In Army, Aristocracy, Monarchy: Essays on War, Society, and Government in Austria, 1618-1780. War and Society in East Central Europe series. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Monographs, 1982.

__________. The Military Intellectual and Battle: Raimondo Montecuccoli and the Thirty Years War. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975.

Baxter, Douglas Clark. Servants of the Sword: French Intendants of the Army, 1630-1670. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.

Bellamy, Martin. Christian IV and His Navy: A Political and Administrative History of the Danish Navy, 1596-1648. The Northern World series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

6

Black, Jeremy. “European Warfare 1618-1660.” Chapter 7 in European Warfare, 1494-1660. Warfare and History series. London: Routledge, 2002.

__________. “Warfare in Europe, 1600-1680.” Chapter 4 in The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Brnaric, Vladimir. Imperial Armies of the Thirty Years War. Men-at-Arms series. 2 volumes. Botley, England: Osprey, 2009-10.

Brockington, William S. ARobert Monro: Professional Soldier, Military Historian and Scotsman.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Blok, Petrus Johannes. The Life of Admiral de Ruyter. Translated by Gustaaf Johannes Renier. London: Ernest Benn, 1933.

Brown, Peter B. “Command and Control in the Seventeenth-Century Russian Army.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

Brzezinski, Richard. Lützen 1632: Climax of the Thirty Years War. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2001.

__________. The Army of Gustavus Adolphus. Men-at-Arms series. 2 volumes. Botley, England: Osprey, 1991-93.

Bushkovitch, Paul. “The Romanov Transformation, 1613-1725.” In The Military History of Tsarist Russia. Edited by Frederick W. Kagan and Robin Higham. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Childs, John. Warfare in the Seventeenth Century. History of Warfare series. London: Cassell, 2001.

Cooper, John Phillips. “Sea-Power.” In The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/59. Volume 4 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by John Phillips Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Davies, Brian L. “Guliai-Gorod, Wagenburg, and Tabor Tactics in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Muscovy and Eastern Europe.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

7

Duffy, Christopher. “The Apprenticeship of France, 1560-1660.” Chapter 5 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

__________. “The Baltic Empires.” Chapter 7 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

__________. “The Eighty Years War in the Netherlands, 1566-1648.” Chapter 4 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Dunthorne, Hugh. AScots in the Wars of the Low Countries, 1572-1648.@ In Scotland and the Low Countries, 1124-1994. Mackie Monographs series. Edited by Grant Simpson. East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 1996.

Ericson, Lars. “The Swedish Army and Navy during the Thirty Years War: From a National to a Multinational Force.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Fallon, James A. “Scottish Mercenaries in the Service of Denmark and Sweden, 1626-1632.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Glasgow, 1972.

Firth, Charles Harding. Cromwell’s Army: A History of the English Soldier during the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth, and the Protectorate. Third edition. London: Methuen, 1921; reprint, London: Greenhill, 1992.

Fissel, Mark Charles. “English Amphibious Warfare, 1587-1656: Galleons, Galleys, Longboats, and Cots.” In Amphibious Warfare 1000-1700: Commerce, State Formation and European Expansion. History of Warfare series. Edited by David J.B. Trim and Mark Charles Fissel. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2005.

__________. “The Caroline Art of War.” Chapter 11 in English Warfare, 1511-1642. Warfare and History series. London: Routledge, 2001.

Gajecky, George and Oleksander Baran. The Cossacks in the Thirty Years War. 2 volumes. Analecta OSBM series. Rome, Italy: P.P. Basiliani, 1969-83.

Gemignani, Marco. “The Navies of the Medici: The Florentine Navy and Navy of the Sacred Military Order of St. Stephen, 1547-1648.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Warfare in History series.

8

Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2003.

Gentles, Ian. The New Model Army in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1645-1653. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.

Gheyn, Jacob de. The Renaissance Drill Book. London: Greenhill Books, 2006. Originally published in 1607.

Glete, Jan. “Amphibious Warfare in the Baltic, 1550-1700.” In Amphibious Warfare 1000-1700: Commerce, State Formation and European Expansion. History of Warfare series. Edited by David J.B. Trim and Mark Charles Fissel. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2005.

Glozier, Matthew. AScots in the French and Dutch Armies during the Thirty Years War.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History in Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Goodman, David. “Armadas in an Age of Scarce Resources: Struggling to Maintain the Fleet in Seventeenth-Century Spain.” Journal of European Economic History 28 (Spring 1999): 49-76; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

__________. Spanish Naval Power, 1589-1665: Reconstruction and Defeat. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Grosjean, Alexia. An Unofficial Alliance: Scotland and Sweden, 1569-1654. The Northern World series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2003.

__________. AScotland: Sweden=s Closet Ally?@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History in Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

__________. “Scots and the Swedish State: Diplomacy, Military Service and Ennoblement, 1611-1660.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998.

Guthrie, William P. Battles of the Thirty Years War: From White Mountain to Nordlingen, 1618-1635. Contributions in Military Studies series. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2001.

__________. “Naval Actions of the Thirty Years War.” The Mariner’s Mirror 87 (August 2001): 262-80.

__________. The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Contributions in Military Studies series. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003.

9

Hale, John Rigby. AMilitary Academies on the Venetian Terraferma in the Early Seventeenth Century.@ Studi Veneziani 15 (1973): 273-95; reprinted in Renaissance War Studies. London: Hambledon Press, 1983.

Hanlon, Gregory. The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats and European Conflicts, 1560-1800. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1998.

Hegyi, Klára. “The Ottoman Network of Fortresses in Hungary.” In Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest. Ottoman Empires and Its Heritage sieres. Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2000.

Henry, Gráinne. The Irish Military Community in Spanish Flanders, 1586-1621. History Series. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Academic Press, 1992.

James, Alan. “The Administration and Development of the French Navy and the Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1618-1642.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester, 1997.

__________. “The Development of French Naval Policy in the Seventeenth Century: Richelieu’s Early Aims and Ambitions.” French History 12 (December 1998): 384-402.

__________. The Navy and Government in Early Modern France, 1572-1661. Royal Historical Society Studies in History series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2004.

Jones, James Rees. “The Dutch Navy and National Survival in the Seventeenth Century.” The International History Review 10 (February 1988): 18-32.

Kroener, Bernhard R. “’The soldiers are very poor, bare, naked, exhausted’: The Living Conditions and Organisational Structure of Military Society during the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Langer, Herbert. “Army Finances, Production and Commerce: The Preconditions for Waging War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

10

Lawrence, David R. The Complete Soldier: Military Books and Military Culture in Early Stuart England, 1603-1645. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2009.

Lynn, John A. Giant of the Grand Siècle: The French Army, 1610-1715. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Mann, Golo. Wallenstein: His Life Narrated. Translated by Charles Kessler. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971.

Mears, John A. “Count Raimondo Montecuccoli.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, 1964.

__________. “Count Raimondo Montecuccoli: Servant of a Dynasty.” The Historian 32 (May 1970): 392-409.

__________. “The Influence of the Turkish Wars in Hungary on the Military Theories of Count Raimondo Montecuccoli.” In Asia in the West: Encounters and Exchanges from the Age of Explorations: Essays in Honor of Donald F. Lach. Edited by Cyriac K. Pullapilly and Edwin J. van Kley. Notre Dame, Indiana: Cross Cultural Publications/Cross Roads Books, 1986.

__________. “The Thirty Years War, the ‘General Crisis’, and the Origins of a Standing Professional Army in the Habsburg Monarchy.” Central European History 21 (June 1988): 122-41.

Monro, Robert. Monro: His Expedition with the Worthy Scots Regiment Called Mac-Keys. Praeger Series in War Studies. Edited by William S. Brockington. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1999. Originally published in 1637.

Monteiro, Armando da Silva Saturnino. AThe Decline and Fall of Portuguese Seapower, 1583-1663.@ The Journal of Military History 65 (January 2001): 9-20.

Mortimer, Geoff. “War by Contract, Credit and Contribution: The Thirty Years War.” In Early Modern Military History, 1450-1815. Edited by Geoff Mortimer. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

__________. Wallenstein: An Enigma of the Thirty Years War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Murdoch, Steve, editor. Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Nimwegen, Olaf van. The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions 1588-1688. Warfare in History series. Translated by Andrew May. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2010.

11

Nozdrin, Oleg A. “The Flodorf Project: Russia in the International Mercenary Market in the Early Seventeenth Century.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

Padfield, Peter. Tide of Empires: Decisive Naval Campaigns in the Rise of the West, Volume I: 1481-1654. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Parker, Geoffrey. “Dynastic War 1494-1660.” Chapter 9 in Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare. Edited by Geoffrey Parker. Revised edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

__________. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567-1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries Wars. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

__________. “The Soldiers of the Thirty Years War.” In Krieg und Politik 1618-1648: Europäische Probleme und Perspektiven. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs: Kolloquien series. Edited by Konrad Repgen and Elisabeth Müller-Luckner. Munich, Germany: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1988.

__________. “The Spanish Road and the Army of Flanders: A Study of the Formation and Disintergration of a European Army, 1567-1647.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1969.

Parrott, David. “France’s War against the Habsburgs, 1624-1659: The Politics of Military Failure.” In Política, Estrategia, Organización y Guerra en la Mar. Volume I of Guerra y Sociedad en la Monarquía Hispánica: Política, Estrategia y Cultura en la Europa Moderna (1500-1700). 2 volumes. Edited by Enrique Garcia Hernán and Davide Maffi. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones del Laberinto S.L., 2006.

__________. “French Military Organization in the 1630s: The Failure of Richelieu’s Ministry.” Seventeenth-Century French Studies 9 (1987): 151-67.

__________. “Richelieu, the Grands, and the Army.” In Richelieu and His Age. Edited by Joseph Bergin and Laurence W.B Brockliss. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1992.

__________. Richelieu’s Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624-1642. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

12

__________. “Strategy and Tactics in the Thirty Years War: The ‘Military Revolution’.” Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen 18 (1985): 7-25; reprinted in The Military Revolution Debate: Readings on the Military Transformation of Early Modern Europe. Edited by Clifford J. Rogers. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1995; reprinted in Warfare in Early Modern Europe 1450-1660. International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Paul E.J. Hammer. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

__________. AThe Administration of the French Army during the Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu.@ Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, 1985.

__________. “The Thirty Years War.” In The Practice of Strategy: From Alexander the Great to the Present. Edited by John Andreas Olsen and Colin S. Gray. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Phillips, Carla Rahn. Six Galleons for the King of Spain: Imperial Defense in the Early Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Polišenský, Josef V. AA Note on Scottish Soldiers in the Bohemian War 1619-1622.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Quintrell, Brian. “Charles I and His Navy in the 1630s.” The Seventeenth Century 3 (Autumn 1988): 159-79.

Redlich, Fritz. “Contributions in the Thirty Years War.” The Economic History Review 12 (December 1959): 247-54.

Roberts, Keith. Cromwell’s War Machine: The New Model Army, 1645-1660. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2005.

__________. Pike and Shot Tactics, 1590-1660. Elite series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2010.

Roberts, Michael. “Gustavus Adolphus and the Art of War.” Historical Studies 1 (1958): 69-85; reprinted in Essays in Swedish History. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1967.

Sandberg, Brian. Warrior Pursuits: Noble Culture and Civil Conflict in Early Modern France. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science series. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

13

Stradling, Robert A. “Filling the Ranks: Spanish Mercenary Recruitment and the Crisis of the 1640s.” In Spain’s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. “Spain’s Military Failure and the Supply of Horses.” History 69 (1984): 208-21; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568-1668. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

__________. “The Spanish Dunkirkers, 1621-1648: A Record of Plunder and Destruction.” Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 93 (1980): 541-58; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

__________. The Spanish Monarchy and Irish Mercenaries: The Wild Geese in Spain, 1618-1668. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Academic Press, 1994.

Thrush, Andrew. “In Pursuit of the Frigate, 1603-1640.” Historical Research 64 (February 1991): 29-45; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

Vliet, A.P. van. AFoundation, Organization and Effects of the Dutch Navy (1568-1648).@ In Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands (1568-1648). History of Warfare series. Edited by Marco van der Hoeven. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997.

Wagner, Eduard. European Weapons and Warfare, 1618-1648. London: Octopus, 1979.

Watson, Francis. Wallenstein: Soldier under Saturn: A Biography. London: Chatto and Windus, 1938; reprinted, Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger, 2010.

Wijn, Jan Willem. “Military Forces and Warfare, 1610-1648.” In The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/59. Volume 4 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by John Phillips Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Williams, Phillip. “The Strategy of Galley Warfare in the Mediterranean (1560-1620).” In Política, Estrategia, Organización y Guerra en la Mar. Volume I of Guerra y Sociedad en la Monarquía Hispánica: Política,

14

Estrategia y Cultura en la Europa Moderna (1500-1700). 2 volumes. Edited by Enrique Garcia Hernán and Davide Maffi. Madrid, Spain: Ediciones del Laberinto S.L., 2006.

Origins of the Thirty Years War Anderson, Alison Deborah. On the Verge of War: International Relations and

the Jülich-Kleve Crises, 1609-1614. Studies in Central European Histories series. Boston, Massachusetts: Humanities Press, 1999.

__________. AThe Jülich-Kleve Succession Crisis (1609-1620): A Study in International Relations.@ Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, 1992.

Anderson, Matthew Smith. “Approach to Conflict, 1609-1618.” Chapter 8 in The Origins of the Modern European State System, 1494-1618. The Modern European State System series. London: Longman, 1998.

Chaline, Olivier. “The Battle of White Mountain (8 November 1620).” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Gutmann, Myron P. “The Origins of the Thirty Years War.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18 (Spring 1988): 749-70.

Petráň, Josef. “The Beginnings of the War in Bohemia.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Polišenskỳ, Josef V. The Tragic Triangle: The Netherlands, Spain and Bohemia, 1617-1621. Prague, Czech Republic: Charles University, 1991.

__________. AGallants to Bohemia.@ The Slavonic and East European Review 25 (April 1947): 391-404.

Sutherland, Nicola Mary. “The Origins of the Thirty Years War and the Structure of European Politics.” The English Historical Review 107 (July 1992): 587-625.

Trevor-Roper, Hugh. “The Outbreak of the Thirty Years War.” In Renaissance Essays. Edited by Hugh Trevor-Roper. London: Secker and Warburg, 1985.

Wilson, Peter H. “The Causes of the Thirty Years War.” The English Historical Review 123 (June 2008): 554-86.

15

Austrian Habsburgs and the German Empire (1608-1648) Arndt, Johannes. “The Emperor and the Reich (1600-1648).” In Politics,

Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Asch, Ronald G. The Thirty Years War: The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-1648. European History in Perspective series. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

__________. “’Wo der soldat hinkömbt, da ist alles sein’: Military Violence and Atrocities in the Thirty Years War Re-examined.” German History 18 (July 2000): 291-309.

Benecke, Gerhard. Germany in the Thirty Years= War. Documents of Modern History series. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.

__________. “The Problem of Death and Destruction in Germany during the Thirty Years War: New Evidence from the Middle Weser Front.” European Studies Review 2 (July 1972): 239-53.

Bireley, Robert. Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counter-Reformation: Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J. and the Formation of Imperial Policy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982.

__________. “The Peace of Prague (1635) and the Counter-Reformation in Germany.” The Journal of Modern History 48 On-Demand Supplement (1976): 31-69.

__________. “The Thirty Years War as Germany’s Religious War.” In Krieg und Politik 1618-1648: Europäische Probleme und Perspektiven. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs: Kolloquien series. Edited by Konrad Repgen and Elisabeth Müller-Luckner. Munich, Germany: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1988.

Greyerz, Kaspar von. “Switzerland during the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Ingrao, Charles W. “The Thirty Years War (1618-1648).” Chapter 2 in The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618-1815. New Approaches to European History series. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

16

Lindquist, Thea L. “The Politics of Diplomacy: The Palatinate and Anglo-Imperial Relations in the Thirty Years War.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 2001.

Phelps, Dominic. “Reich, Religion and Dynasty: The Formation of Saxon Policy, 1555-1619.” Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 2005.

Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. “Germany in the 17th Century Crisis.” The Historical Journal 35 (June 1992): 417-41.

Pursell, Brennan C. AThe Constitutional Causes of the Thirty Years War: Friedrich V, the Palatine Crisis, and European Politics, 1618-1632.@ Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 2000.

__________. The Winter King: Frederick V of the Palatinate and the Coming of the Thirty Years War. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2003.

Rabb, Theodore K. “The Effects of the Thirty Years War on the German Economy.” The Journal of Modern History 34 (March 1962): 40-51.

Wilson, Peter H. “The Great War (1618-1648).” Chapter 4 in From Reich to Revolution: German History, 1558-1806. European History in Perspective series. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Spanish Foreign Policy (1609-1659) Allen, Paul C. Philip III and the Pax Hispanica, 1598-1621: The Failure of Grand

Strategy. Yale Historical Publications series. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

__________. AThe Strategy of Peace: Spanish Foreign Policy and the >Pax Hispanica=, 1598-1609. Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University, 1995.

Brightwell, Peter. “Spain and Bohemia: The Decision to Intervene, 1619.” European Studies Review 12 (April 1982): 117-41.

__________. “Spain and the Origins of the Thirty Years War.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1967.

__________. “Spain, Bohemia and Europe, 1619-1621.” European Studies Review 12 (October 1982): 371-99.

__________. “The Spanish Origins of the Thirty Years War.” European Studies Review 9 (October 1979): 409-31.

__________. “The Spanish System and the Twelve Years Truce.” The English Historical Review 89 (April 1974): 270-92.

Carter, Charles Howard. “Belgian ‘Autonomy’ under the Archdukes, 1598-1621.” The Journal of Modern History 36 (September 1964): 245-59.

17

__________. “Gondomar: Ambassador to James I.” The Historical Journal 7 (June 1964): 189-208.

__________. The Secret History of the Habsburgs, 1598-1625. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

Duerloo, Luc. Dynasty and Piety: Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2012.

Elliott, John Huxtable. “Review Article: A Question of Reputation? Spanish Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth Century.” The Journal of Modern History 55 (September 1983): 475-83; reprinted in Spain and Its World, 1500-1700: Selected Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

__________. “Foreign Policy and Domestic Crisis: Spain, 1598-1659.” In Krieg und Politik 1618-1648: Europäische Probleme und Perspektiven. Edited by K. Repgen. Munich, Germany: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1988; reprinted in Spain and Its World, 1500-1700: Selected Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

__________. “Managing Decline: Olivares and the Grand Strategy of Imperial Spain.” In Grand Strategies in War and Peace. Edited by Paul M. Kennedy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.

__________. “Power and Propaganda in the Spain of Philip IV.” In Rights of Power: Symbolism, Ritual and Politics since the Middle Ages. Edited by Sean Wilentz. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985; reprinted in Spain and Its World, 1500-1700: Selected Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

__________. Richelieu and Olivares. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

__________. “Self-Perception and Decline in Early Seventeenth Century Spain.” Past and Present No. 74 (February 1977): 41-61; reprinted in Spain and Its World, 1500-1700: Selected Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

__________. The Count-Duke of Olivares: The Statesman in the Age of Decline. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

__________. “The Decline of Spain.” In Crisis in Europe, 1469-1660: Essays from Past and Present. Edited by Trevor Henry Aston. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965; reprinted in Spain and Its World, 1500-1700: Selected Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

18

__________. The Revolt of the Catalans: A Study in the Decline of Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1963.

__________. “The Spanish Monarchy and the Kingdom of Portugal, 1580-1640.” In Conquest and Coalescence: The Shaping of the State in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Mark Greengrass. London: Edward Arnold, 1991.

__________. AThe Statecraft of Olivares.@ In The Diversity of History: Essays in Honour of Sir Herbert Butterfield. Edited by John Huxtable Elliott and Helmut Georg Koenigsberger. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970.

__________. AThe Year of the Three Ambassadors.@ In History and Imagination: Essays in Honor of H.R. Trevor-Roper. Edited by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, Valerie Pearl, and Blair Worden. Oxford, England: Duckworth, 1981.

Feros, Antonio. Kingship and Favoritism in the Spain of Philip III, 1598-1621. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Friedman, Ellen G. ANorth African Piracy on the Coasts of Spain in the Seventeenth Century: A New Perspective on the Expulsion of the Moriscos.@ The International History Review 1 (January 1979): 1-16.

González de León, Fernando. The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567-1659. History in Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2009.

__________. AThe Road to Rocroi: The Duke of Alba, the Count Duke of Olivares and the High Command of the Spanish Army of Flanders in the Eighty Years War, 1567-1659.@ Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1991.

Israel, Jonathan Irvine. “A Spanish Project to Defeat the Dutch without Fighting: The Rhine-Maas Canal, 1624-1629.” In Conflicts of Empire: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “Garrisons and Empire: Spain’s Strongholds in North-West Germany, 1589-1659.” In Conflicts of Empire: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “Olivares and the Government of the Spanish Netherlands, 1621-1643.” In Empires and Entrepots: The Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy, and the Jews, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1990.

19

__________. “Olivares, the Cardinal-Infante and Spain’s Strategy in the Low Countries (1635-1643): The Road to Rocroi.” In Spain, Europe and the Atlantic World: Essays in Honour of John H. Elliott. Edited by Richard L. Kagan and Geoffrey Parker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995; reprinted in Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “Spain and Europe from the Peace of Münster to the Peace of the Pyrenees, 1648-1659.” In Conflicts of Empire: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “The Court of Albert and Isabella, 1598-1621.” In Conflicts of Empire: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “The Dutch-Spanish War and the Holy Roman Empire (1568-1648).” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Lesaffer, Randall. “Defensive Warfare, Prevention and Hegemony: The Justifications for the Franco-Spanish War of 1635.” Journal of the History of International Law 8 (June/December 2006): 91-123, 141-179.

Lynch, John. The Hispanic World in Crisis and Change 1598-1700. A History of Spain series. Revised edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.

Osborne, Toby. “’Chimeres, Monopoles, and Stratagems’: French Exiles in the Spanish Netherlands during the Thirty Years War.” The Seventeenth Century 15 (Autumn 2000): 149-74.

Parker, Geoffrey. “The Decision-Making Process in the Government of the Catholic Netherlands under ‘the Archdukes’, 1596-1621.” In Spain and the Netherlands, 1559-1659: Ten Studies. London: Collins, 1979.

Sanchez, Magdalena S. “A House Divided: Spain, Austria, and the Bohemian and Hungarian Successions.” The Sixteenth Century Journal 25 (Winter 1994): 887-903.

__________. “Dynasty, State and Diplomacy in the Spain of Philip III.” Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1988.

__________. The Empress, the Queen, and the Nun: Women and Power in the Court of Philip III of Spain. Johns Hopkins University Studies in

20

Historical and Political Science series. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Sánchez-Marcos, Fernando. “The Struggle for Freedom in Catalonia and Portugal.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Schepper, Hugo de and Geoffrey Parker. “The Formation of Government Policy in the Catholic Netherlands under ‘the Archdukes’, 1596-1621.” The English Historical Review 91 (April 1976): 241-54.

Stradling, Robert A. “A Spanish Statesman of Appeasement: Medina de las Torres and Spanish Policy, 1639-1670.” The Historical Journal 19 (March 1976): 1-31; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. “Catastrophe and Recovery: The Defeat of Spain, 1639-1643.” History 64 (June 1979): 205-19; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. Europe and the Decline of Spain: A Study of the Spanish System, 1580-1720. Early Modern Europe Today series. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1981.

__________. “Olivares and the Origins of the Franco-Spanish War, 1627-1635.” The English Historical Review 101 (January 1986): 68-94; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. Philip IV and the Government of Spain, 1621-1665. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

__________. “Prelude to Disaster: The Precipitation of the War of the Mantuan Succession, 1627-1629.” The Historical Journal 33 (December 1990): 769-85; reprinted in Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

__________. “Seventeenth-Century Spain: Decline or Survival?” European Studies Review 9 (April 1979): 157-94.

__________. Spain=s Struggle for Europe, 1598-1668. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.

Vermeir, René. “Power Elites and Royal Government in the Spanish Netherlands during the Last Phase of the Eighty Years War (1621-1648).” In Religion and Political Change in Europe: Past and Present.

21

Edited by Ausma Cimdina. Pisa, Italy: Edizioni Plus, University of Pisa, 2003.

Williams, Patrick. The Great Favourite: The Duke of Lerma and the Court and Government of Philip III of Spain, 1598-1621. Studies in Early Modern European History series. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007.

Dutch Foreign Policy (1609-1650) Faber, Dirk E.A. and Renger E. de Bruin. “Utrecht’s Opposition to the

Münster Peace Process.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Geyl, Pieter. Orange and Stuart, 1641-1672. Translated by Arnold Pomerans. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969; reprinted, London: Phoenix Press, 2002.

__________. The Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century: Part I, 1609-1648. Translated by Stanley Thomas Bindoff. Second Edition. London: Ernest Benn, 1961.

Groenveld, Simon. “The House of Orange and the House of Stuart, 1639-1650: A Revision.” The Historical Journal 34 (December 1991): 955-72.

Hoeven, Marco van der, editor. Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands (1568-1648). History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997.

Israel, Jonathan Irvine. “A Conflict of Empires: Spain and the Netherlands, 1618-1648.” Past and Present No. 76 (August 1977): 34-74.

__________. AArt and Diplomacy: Gerard Ter Borch and the Münster Peace Negotiations, 1646-1648.@ In Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.

__________. “Frederick Henry and the Dutch Political Factions, 1625-1642.” The English Historical Review 98 (January 1983): 1-27.

__________. The Dutch Republic and the Hispanic World, 1606-1661. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1982.

22

__________. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477-1806. Oxford History of Modern Europe series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

__________. “The Dutch-Spanish War and the Holy Roman Empire (1568-1648).” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

__________. “The Politics of International Trade Rivalry during the Thirty Years War: Gabriel de Roy and Olivares’ Mercantilist Projects, 1621-1645.” The International History Review 8 (November 1986): 517-49.

Jones, James Rees. “The Dutch Navy and National Survival in the Seventeenth Century.” The International History Review 10 (February 1988): 18-32.

Tex, Jan den. Oldenbarnevelt. 2 volumes. Translated by R.B. Powell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.

Vogel, H.Ph. “Arms Production and Exports in the Dutch Republic, 1600-1650.” In Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands (1568-1648). History of Warfare series. Edited by Marco van der Hoeven. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997.

Zwitzer, H.L. “The Eighty Years War.” In Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands (1568-1648). History of Warfare series. Edited by Marco van der Hoeven. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 1997.

French Foreign Policy (1598-1659) Bergin, Joseph and Laurence Brockliss, editors. Richelieu and His Age.

Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1992. Bonney, Richard. Political Change in France under Richelieu and Mazarin,

1624-1661. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. __________. “The French Civil War, 1649-1653.” European Studies Review 8

(January 1978): 71-100. __________. AThe Paradox of Mazarin.@ History Today 32 (February 1982):

18-24. Buisseret, David. Henry IV. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1984. __________. Sully and the Growth of Centralized Government in France, 1598-

1610. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1968.

23

Burckhardt, Carl J. Richelieu and His Age. 3 volumes. Translated by Edwin Muir, Willa Muir, and Bernard Hoy. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1940-71; reprint, Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger, 2010.

Church, William Farr. Richelieu and Reason of State. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Croxton, Derek. AA Territorial Imperative? The Military Revolution, Strategy, and Peacemaking in the Thirty Years= War.@ War in History 5 (July 1998): 253-79.

__________. Peacemaking in Early Modern Europe: Cardinal Mazarin and the Congress of Westphalia, 1643-1648. Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 1999.

__________. “’The Prosperity of Arms is Never Continual’: Military Intelligence, Surprise, and Diplomacy in 1640s Germany.” The Journal of Military History 64 (October 2000): 981-1004.

Dethan, Georges. The Young Mazarin. Men in Office series. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.

Duffy, Christopher. “The Apprenticeship of France, 1560-1660.” Chapter 5 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Ekberg, Carl J. “Abel Servien, Cardinal Mazarin, and the Formulation of French Foreign Policy, 1653-1659.” The International History Review 3 (July 1981): 317-29.

Godley, Eveline Charlotte. The Great Condé: A Life of Louis II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé. London: John Murray, 1915; reprint, Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar, 2011.

Hassall, Arthur. Mazarin. Foreign Statesmen series. London: Macmillan, 1903; reprint, Charleston, South Carolina: Nabu Press, 2010.

Hayden, James Michael. “Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French Foreign Policy, 1598-1615.” The Journal of Modern History 45 (March 1973): 1-23.

__________. France and the Estates General of 1614. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

Inglis-Jones, J.J. “The Battle of the Dunes, 1658: Condé, War and Power Politics,” War in History 1 (November 1994): 249-77.

24

__________. “The Grand Condé: Power Politics in France, Spain, and the Spanish Netherlands, 1652-1659.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oxford, 1994.

Kleinman, Ruth. Anne of Austria, Queen of France. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1985.

Knecht, Robert Jean. Richelieu. Profiles in Power series. London: Longman, 1991.

Lee, Stephen J. “French Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth Century.” Chapter 23 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 1984.

Livet, Georges. “International Relations and the Role of France, 1648-1660.” In The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/59. Volume 4 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by John Phillips Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Lodge, Richard. Richelieu. Foreign Statesmen series. London: Macmillan, 1896; reprint, Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar, 2010.

Malettke, Klaus. “France’s Imperial Policy during the Thirty Years War and the Peace of Westphalia.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

__________. “French Foreign Policy and the European States System in the Era of Richelieu and Mazarin.” In “The Transformation of European Politics, 1763-1848”: Espisode or Model in Modern History? Research in Contemporary History series. Edited by Peter Krüger and Paul W. Schroeder. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Meyer, Jean. “The Other Thirty Years War, or: On the Nature of War – France in the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Moote, A. Lloyd. Louis XIII the Just. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989.

Mousnier, Roland. The Assassination of Henry IV: The Tyrannicide Problem and the Consolidation of the French Absolute Monarchy in the Early Seventeenth Century. London: Faber and Faber, 1973.

25

O’Brien, Dennis H. “Mazarin’s Diplomatic Corps, 1648-1661.” North Dakota Quarterly (Winter 1977): 31-42.

O’Connell, Daniel P. Richelieu. Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1968. Oresko, Robert and David Parrott. “Reichsitalien and the Thirty Years

War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Parker, David. The Making of French Absolutism. London: Edward Arnold, 1983.

Parrott, David. “A prince souverain and the French Crown: Charles de Nevers, 1580-1637.” In Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Memory of Ragnhild Hatton. Edited by Robert Oresko, Graham C. Gibbs, and Hamish M. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

__________. “The Causes of the Franco-Spanish War of 1635-1659.” In The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe. Edited by Jeremy Black. Edinburgh, Scotland: John Donald, 1987.

__________. “The Mantuan Succession, 1627-1631: A Sovereignty Dispute in Early Modern Europe.” The English Historical Review 112 (February 1997): 20-65.

Pitts, Vincent J. Henri VI of France: His Reign and Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.

Ranum, Orest A. Richelieu and the Councillors of Louis XIII: A Study of the Secretaries of State and Superintendents of Finance in the Ministry of Richelieu, 1635-1642. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1963.

__________. The Fronde: A French Revolution. Revolutions in the Modern World series. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993.

Sturdy, David J. Richelieu and Mazarin: A Study in Statesmanship. European History in Perspective series. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Tapié, Victor Lucien. France in the Age of Louis XIII and Richelieu. Translated by D. McN. Lockie. New York: Praeger, 1974; reprinted, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Treasure, Geoffrey Russell Richards. Cardinal Richelieu and the Development of Absolutism. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

__________. Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France. London: Routledge, 1995.

26

__________. Richelieu and Mazarin. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1998.

__________. Seventeenth Century France. Second edition. London: John Murray, 1981.

Weber, Hermann. “’Une Bonne Paix’: Richelieu’s Foreign Policy and the Peace of Christendom.” In Richelieu and His Age. Edited by Joseph Bergin and Laurence W.B Brockliss. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1992.

Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica. Richelieu and the French Monarchy. Teach Yourself History series. London: English Universities Press, 1949.

Weyland, Max. Turenne: Marshal of France. London: George G. Harrap, 1930.

Wilkinson, Richard. France and the Cardinals, 1610-1661. Access to History series. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1995.

Woodley, Jocelyn. AThe Development of the French Diplomatic System under Richelieu, 1624-1642.@ M.Phil. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989.

Early Stuart Foreign Policy (1603-1649) Adams, Simon. “Foreign Policy and the Parliaments of 1621 and 1624.” In

Faction and Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History. Edited by Kevin M. Sharpe. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1978.

__________. “Spain or the Netherlands? The Dilemmas of Early Stuart Foreign Policy.” In Before the English Civil War: Essays on Early Stuart Politics and Government. Edited by Howard Tomlinson. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

__________. “The Protestant Cause: Religious Alliance with the West European Calvinist Communities as a Political Issue in England, 1585-1630.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oxford, 1973.

__________. “The Road to La Rochelle: English Foreign Policy and the Huguenots, 1610-1629.” Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London 22 (1975): 414-29.

Albion, Gordon. Charles I and the Court of Rome, Italy: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Diplomacy. Recueil de Travaux publiés par les membres de la Conférence d'histoire et de philologie, Université de Louvain series. London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne, 1935.

27

Anderson, Roberta. “Foreign Diplomatic Representatives to the Court of James VI and I.” Ph.D. thesis, Bath Spa University, 2001.

Andrews, Kenneth Raymond. “Caribbean Rivalry and the Anglo-Spanish Peace of 1604.” History 59 (June 1974): 1-17.

__________. Ships, Money, and Politics: Seafaring and Naval Enterprise in the Reign of Charles I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Appleby, John. “A Pathway out of Debt: The Privateering Activities of Sir John Hippisley during the Early Stuart Wars with Spain and France, 1625-1630.” American Neptune 49 (1989): 251-61; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

Beller, Elmer A. “The Military Expedition of Sir Charles Morgan to Germany, 1627-1629.” The English Historical Review 43 (October 1928): 528-39.

__________. “The Mission of Sir Thomas Roe to the Conference at Hamburg, 1638-1640.” The English Historical Review 41 (January 1926): 61-77.

__________. “The Negotiations of Sir Stephen Le Sieur.” The English Historical Review 40 (January 1925): 22-33.

Bigby, Dorothy Anne. Anglo-French Relations 1641 to 1649. London: University of London Press, 1933.

Brown, Michael J. Itinerant Ambassador: The Life of Sir Thomas Roe. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970.

Cant, Reginald. “The Embassy of the Earl of Leicester to Denmark in 1632.” The English Historical Review 54 (April 1939): 252-62.

Cogswell, Thomas. “England and the Spanish Match.” In Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics, 1603-1642. Edited by Richard Cust and Ann Hughes. London: Longman, 1989.

__________. “Foreign Policy and Parliament: The Case of La Rochelle, 1625-1626.” The English Historical Review 99 (April 1984): 241-67.

__________. “Prelude to Ré: The Anglo-French Struggle over La Rochelle, 1624-1627.” History 71 (February 1986): 1-21.

__________. The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War, 1621-1624. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

28

Croft, Pauline. “England and the Peace with Spain, 1604.” History Review 49 (September 2004): 18-23.

__________. King James. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Cust, Richard. Charles I: A Political Life. Profiles in Power series. Harlow,

England: Pearson/Longman, 2005. Davies, Godfrey. The Early Stuarts, 1603-1660. The Oxford History of

England series. Second edition. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1959.

Durston, Christopher. Charles I. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1998.

__________. James I. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1993. Grayson, J.C. “From Protectorate to Partnership: Anglo-Dutch Relations,

1698-1625.” Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1978. __________. “James I and the Religious Crisis in the United Provinces,

1613-1619.” In Reform and Reformation: England and the Continent, c.1500-c.1700. Studies in Church History series. Edited by Derek Baker and Clifford William Dugmore. Oxford: Blackwell, 1979.

Gregg, Pauline. King Charles I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981.

Henneke, Christian Edmund. “The Art of Diplomacy under the Early Stuarts, 1603-1642.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 1999.

Hirst, Derek. Authority and Conflict: England, 1603-1658. New History of England series. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1986.

Houston, S.J. James I. Seminar Studies in History series. Second edition. London: Longman, 1995.

Howat, Gerald Malcolm David. Stuart and Cromwellian Foreign Policy. Modern British Foreign Policy series. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1974.

Jones, James Rees. Britain and Europe in the Seventeenth Century. Foundations of Modern History series. London: Edward Arnold, 1966.

Lake, Peter. AConstitutional Consensus and Puritan Opposition in the 1620s: Thomas Scott and the Spanish Match.@ The Historical Journal 25 (December 1982): 805-25.

Lee, Maurice. James I and Henri IV: An Essay in English Foreign Policy, 1603-1610. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1970.

29

__________. “The Jacobean Diplomatic Service.” The American Historical Review 72 (July 1967): 1264-82.

Lockyer, Roger. Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, 1592-1628. London: Longman, 1981.

__________. James VI and I. Profiles in Power series. London: Longman, 1998.

__________. The Early Stuarts: A Political History of England, 1603-1642. Second edition. London: Longman, 1999.

Loomie, Albert Joseph. Toleration and Diplomacy: The Religious Issue in Anglo-Spanish Relations, 1603-1605. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society series. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1963.

Mackie, John Duncan. AJames VI and I and the Peace with Spain, 1604.@ Scottish Historical Review 23 (1926): 241-49.

McCabe, E. “English Foreign Policy in 1619: Lord Doncaster’s Embassy to the Princes of Germany.” Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 58 (1950): 457-77.

Mowat, Robert Balmain. “The Mission of Sir Thomas Roe to Vienna, 1641-1642.” The English Historical Review 25 (April 1910): 264-75.

Murdoch, Steve. Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603-1660. East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 2003.

__________. “Diplomacy in Transition: Stuart-British Diplomacy in Northern Europe, 1618-1648.” In Ships, Guns and Bibles in the North Sea and Baltic States, c.1350-c.1700. Proceedings of the Northern European Historical Research Network series. Edited by Allan I. Macinnes, T. Riis, and F.G. Pederson. East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 2000.

__________. AScottish Ambassadors and British Diplomacy, 1618-1648.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

__________. AScotland, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603-1660: A Diplomatic and Military Analysis.@ Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998.

__________. AThe House of Stuart and the Scottish Professional Soldier 1613-1640: A Conflict of Nationality and Identities.@ In War: Identities in Confilct, 1300-2000. Themes in History series. Edited by Bertrand Taithe and Tim Thornton. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1998.

30

Pursell, Brennan C. “The End of the Spanish Match.” The Historical Journal 45 (December 2002): 699-726.

Quintrell, Brian. Charles I, 1625-1640. Seminar Studies in History series. London: Longman, 1993.

Reeve, L.J. Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

__________. “Quiroga’s Paper of 1631: A Missing Link in Anglo-Spanish Diplomacy during the Thirty Years War.” The English Historical Review 101 (October 1986): 913-26.

Ruigh, Robert. The Parliament of 1624: Politics and Foreign Policy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971.

Russell, Conrad. “The Foreign Policy Debate in the House of Commons in 1621.” The Historical Journal 20 (June 1977): 289-309.

Sharpe, Kevin. The Personal Rule of Charles I. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.

Springell, Francis C. and William Crowne, editors. Connoisseur and Diplomat: The Earl of Arundel=s Embassy to Germany in 1636 as Recounted in William Crowne=s Diary. London: Maggs Brothers, 1963.

Stearns, Stephen Jerold. AThe Caroline Military System, 1625-1627: The Expedition to Cadiz and Rhé.@ Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, 1967.

Uddin, Imran. “William Trumball: A Jacobean Diplomat at the Court of the Archdukes in Brussels, 1605/9-1625.” Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic University of Leuven, 2006.

White, Arthur Wilson, Jr. “Suspension of Arms: Anglo-Spanish Mediation in the Thirty Years War, 1621-1625.” Ph.D. dissertation, Tulane University, 1978.

Willson, David Harris. King James VI and I. London: Jonathan Cape, 1956. Worthington, David. AAlternative Diplomacy? Scottish Exiles at the Courts

of the Habsburgs and their Allies, 1618-1648.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History in Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Young, John R. AThe Scottish Parliament and European Diplomacy, 1641-1647: The Palatine, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History in Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

31

Zaller, Robert E. “’Interest of State’: James I and the Palatinate.” Albion 6 (Summer 1974): 144-75.

The Italian States and the Thirty Years War Kleinman, Ruth. “Charles-Emanuel I of Savoy and the Bohemian Election

of 1619.” European Studies Review 5 (January 1975): 3-29. Oresko, Robert and David Parrott. “Reichsitalien and the Thirty Years

War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Osborne, Toby. “Abbot Scaglia, the Duke of Buckingham and Anglo-Savoyard Relations during the 1620s.” European History Quarterly 30 (January 2000): 5-32.

__________. Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy: Political Culture and the Thirty Years War. Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

__________. AThe Diplomatic Career of Abbot Scaglia during the Thirty Years War.@ Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, 1996.

__________. “Van Dyke, Alessandro Scaglia and the Caroline Court: Friendship, Collecting, and Diplomacy in the Early Seventeenth Century.” The Seventeenth Century 22 (Spring 2007): 24-41.

Roeck, Bernd. “The Role of Venice in the War and during the Peace Negotiations.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Christian IV and Denmark (1618-1648) Attman, Artur. The Struggle for Baltic Markets: Powers in Conflict, 1558-1618.

Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarium et Litterarum Gothoburgensis: Humaniora series. Gothenburg, Sweden: Vetenskaps-och vitterhets-samhallet, 1979.

Bellamy, Martin. Christian IV and His Navy: A Political and Administrative History of the Danish Navy, 1596-1648. The Northern World series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2006.

32

Hein, Jørgen. “The ‘Danish War’ and Denmark’s Further Role in Conflict.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Lockhart, Paul Douglas. “Denmark and the Empire: A Reassessment of Danish Foreign Policy under King Christian IV.” Scandinavian Studies 64 (Summer 1992): 390-416.

__________. Denmark, 1513-1660: The Rise and Decline of a Renaissance Monarchy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

__________. Denmark in the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648: King Christian IV and the Decline of the Oldenburg State. Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 1996.

__________. “Political Language and Wartime Propaganda in Denmark, 1625-1629.” European History Quarterly 31 (January 2001): 5-42.

__________. “Religion and Princely Liberties: Denmark’s Intervention in the Thirty Years War, 1618-1625.” The International History Review 17 (February 1995): 1-22.

Polišenskỳ, Josef V. “Denmark-Norway and the Bohemian Cause in the Early Part of the Thirty Years War.” In Festgabe für L.L. Hammerich: Aus Anlass Seines Siebzigsten Geburtstags. Edited by Louis L. Hammerich. Copenhagen, Denmark: Naturmetodens Sproginstitut, 1962.

Gustavus Adolphus and Swedish Foreign Policy Ahnlund, Nils. Gustavus Adolphus the Great. Translated by Michael Roberts.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940; reprinted, New York: History Book Club, 1999.

Attman, Artur. The Struggle for Baltic Markets: Powers in Conflict, 1558-1618. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientarium et Litterarum Gothoburgensis: Humaniora series. Gothenburg, Sweden: Vetenskaps-och vitterhets-samhallet, 1979.

Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt. The Military Life of Gustavus Adolphus: Father of Modern War. The Military Lives series. New York: Franklin Watts, 1969.

Ericson, Lars. “The Swedish Army and Navy during the Thirty Years War: From a National to a Multinational Force.” In Politics, Religion, Law

33

and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Gäfvert, Björn. “Maps and War: The Swedish Experience during the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Hojda, Zdenĕk. “The Battle of Prague in 1648 and the End of the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Langer, Herbert. “The Royal Swedish War in Germany.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Lee, Stephen J. “Sweden as a Major Power 1611-1721.” Chapter 19 in Aspects of European History 1494-1789. Second edition. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 1984.

Murdoch, Steve. “Oxenstierna’s Spies: Sir James Spens and the Organisation of Covert Operations in the Early Seventeenth-Century in Sweden.” In The Dangerous Trade: Spies, Spymasters and the Making of Europe. Edited by Daniel Szechi. Dundee: Dundee University Press, 2010.

Piirimäe, Pärtel. “Just War in Theory and Practice: Legitimation of Swedish Intervention in the Thirty Years War.” The Historical Journal 45 (September 2002): 499-523.

Ringmar, Erik. Identity, Interest and Action: A Cultural Explanation of Sweden’s Intervention in the Thirty Years War. Cambridge Cultural Social Studies series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Roberts, Michael. Gustavus Adolphus: A History of Sweden, 1611-1632. 2 volumes. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1953-1958.

__________. Gustavus Adolphus and the Rise of Sweden. Profiles in Power series. London: Longman, 1992.

__________. “Oxenstierna in Germany, 1633-1636.” Scandia: Tidskrift för Historisk Forskning 48 (1982): 61-105; reprinted in From Oxenstierna to

34

Charles XII: Four Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

__________. “Queen Christina and the General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century.” Past and Present No. 22 (July 1962): 36-59.

__________. The Early Vasas: A History of Sweden, 1523-1611. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.

__________. “The Political Objectives of Gustavus Adolphus in Germany, 1630-1632.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth series 7 (1957): 19-46.

Peace of Westphalia Asch, Ronald G. “The ius foederis Re-examined: The Peace of Westphalia

and the Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.” In Peace Treaties and International Law in European History: From the Late Middle Ages to World War One. Edited by Randall Lesaffer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Burkhardt, Johannes. “The Summitless Pyramid: War Aims and Peace Compromise among Europe’s Universalist Powers.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Croxton, Derek. Peacemaking in Early Modern Europe: Cardinal Mazarin and the Congress of Westphalia, 1643-1648. Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, 1999.

__________. “The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and the Origins of Sovereignty.” The International History Review 21 (September 1999): 569-91.

__________ and Anuschka Tischer. The Peace of Westphalia: A Historical Dictionary. The Great Cultural Eras of the World Series. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002.

Egger, Franz. “Johann Rudolf Wettstein and the International Recognition of Switzerland as a European Nation.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

35

Gerhardt, Volker. “On the Historical Significance of the Peace of Westphalia.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Groenveld, Simon. “The Treaty of Münster as the Culmination of a Progressive Revolution.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Hojda, Zdenĕk. “The Battle of Prague in 1648 and the End of the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Parrott, David. “The Peace of Westphalia.” Journal of Early Modern History 8 (2004): 153-59.

Repgen, Konrad. “Negotiating the Peace of Westphalia: A Survey with an Examination of the Major Problems.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Rowen, Herbert Harvey. “The Peace of Westphalia Revisited.” The Journal of Modern History 33 (March 1961): 53-56.

Schmidt, Georg. “The Peace of Westphalia as the Fundamental Law of the Complementary Empire-State.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Steinwascher, Gerd. “The Struggle for Independence and Religious Self-Determination: Osnabrück during the Thirty Years War and the Negotiation of the Peace of Westphalia.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Steiger, Heinhard. “Concrete Peace and General Order: The Legal Meaning of the Treaties of 24 October 1648.” In Politics, Religion, Law and

36

Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Stiglic, Anja. “Hierarchy of Ceremony and Status on the European Diplomatic Stage: The Diplomats’ Solemn Entries to the Conference City of Münster.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1652) Adair, John. Cheriton, 1644: The Campaign and the Battle. Kineton, England:

Roundwood Press, 1973. __________. Roundhead General: A Military Biography of Sir William Waller.

London: MacDonald, 1969, reprinted as Roundhead General: The Campaigns of William Waller. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1997.

Anderson, Roger Charles. “The Operations of the English Fleet, 1648-1652.” The English Historical Review 31 (July 1916): 406-28.

Armstrong, Robert. Protestant War: The “British” of Ireland and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005.

Ashley, Maurice. Cromwell=s Generals. London: Jonathan Cape, 1954. __________. Rupert of the Rhine. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1976. __________. The Battle of Naseby and the Fall of King Charles I. Gloucester,

England: Alan Sutton, 1992. __________. The English Civil War: A Concise History. London: Thames and

Hudson, 1974; reprinted as The English Civil War. Stroud, England: Sutton, 2001.

__________. The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1957; reprinted, Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar, 2011.

Asquith, Stuart. New Model Army 1645-1660. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1981.

Atkin, Malcolm. Cromwell=s Crowning Mercy: The Battle of Worcester, 1651. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1998.

Barratt, John. Cavalier Generals: King Charles and His Commanders in the English Civil War, 1642-1646. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2005.

37

__________. Cavaliers: The Royalist Army at War, 1642-1646. Stroud, England: Sutton, 2000.

__________. Cromwell’s Wars at Sea. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2006.

__________. Sieges of the English Civil War. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2009.

__________. The Battle for York: Marston Moor 1644. Stroud, England: Tempus, 2003.

__________. The Civil War in South-West England, 1642-1646. Battlefield Britain series. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2005.

__________. The First Battle of Newbury 1643. Stroud, England: Tempus, 2005.

__________. The Great Siege of Chester. Stroud, England: Tempus, 2003. Baumber, Michael. AThe Navy and the Civil War in Ireland, 1643-1646.@ The

Mariner’s Mirror 75 (August 1989): 255-68. Bennett, Martyn. Oliver Cromwell. Routledge Historical Biographies series.

Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2006. __________. The English Civil War, 1640-1649. Seminar Studies in History

series. London: Longman, 1995. __________. The Civil Wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638-1651. Oxford,

England: Blackwell, 1997. Braddick, Michael. God’s Fury, England’s Fire: A New History of the English

Civil Wars. London: Allen Lane, 2008. Broxap, Ernest. “The Sieges of Hull during the Great Civil War.” The

English Historical Review 20 (July 1905): 457-73. Bull, Stephen. “The Furie of the Ordnance”: Artillery in the English Civil Wars.

Armour and Weapons series. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2008.

Burke, James. AThe New Model Army and the Problem of Siege Warfare.@ Irish Historical Review 27 (May 1990): 1-29.

Burne, Alfred Higgins and Peter Young. The Great Civil War: A Military History of the First Civil War, 1642-1646. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1959; reprint, Moreton-in-Marsh, England: Windrush Press, 2001.

Carlton, Charles. Going to the Wars: The Experience of the British Civil Wars, 1638-1651. London: Routledge, 1992.

38

Carpenter, Stanley D.M. Military Leadership in the British Civil Wars, 1642-1651: “The Genius of the Age.” Abingdon, England: Frank Cass, 2005.

Cooke, David. The Road to Marston Moor. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2008.

Donagan, Barbara. War in England 1642-1649. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Duffy, Christopher. “The English Civil War and the Subjugation of Ireland.” Chapter 6 in Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494-1660. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Edwards, Peter. Dealing in Death: The Arms Trade and the British Civil Wars, 1638-1652. Stroud, England: History Press, 2000.

Evans, Martin Marix. Naseby 1645: The Triumph of the New Model Army. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2007.

Fissel, Mark Charles. The Bishop’s Wars: Charles I’s Campaigns against Scotland, 1638-1640. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Foard, Glenn. Naseby: The Decisive Campaign. Whitstable, England: Pryor, 1995; reprint, Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2004.

Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. History of the Great Civil War, 1642-1649. 5 volumes. London: Longmans. Green and Co., 1886-1901; reprint, London: Windrush Press, 1987.

Gaunt, Peter. The British Wars, 1637-1651. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1997.

__________. The English Civil Wars, 1642-1651. Essential Histories series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

Gentles, Ian. “The Choosing of Officers for the New Model Army.” Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 67 (October 1994): 264-85.

__________. The New Model Army in England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1645-1653. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992.

Gillingham, John. Cromwell: Portrait of a Soldier. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976.

Grainger, John D. Cromwell against the Scots: The Last Anglo-Scottish War, 1650-1652. East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, 1997.

Griffin, Margaret. Regulating Religion and Morality in the King’s Armies, 1639-1646. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2004.

Harrington, Peter. English Civil War Fortifications 1642-1651. Fortress series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

39

__________. AEnglish Civil War Fortifications.@ Fort: The International Journal of Fortification and Military Architecture 15 (1987): 39-60.

Haythornthwaite, Philip J. English Civil War, 1642-1651: An Illustrated Military History. Poole, England: Blandford Press, 1983; reprint, London: Brockhampton Press, 1998.

Henry, Chris. English Civil War Artillery, 1642-1651. New Vanguard series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2005.

Hibbert, Christopher. Cavaliers and Roundheads: The English Civil War, 1642-1649. London: HarperCollins, 1993.

Holmes, Clive. The Eastern Association in the English Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

Hutton, Ronald. The Royalist War Effort, 1642-1646. Second edition. London: Routledge, 1999.

Jones, Whitney R.D. Thomas Rainborowe (c.1610-1648): Civil War Seaman, Siegemaster and Radical. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2005.

Kenyon, John Philipps. The Civil Wars of England. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.

__________ and Jane H. Ohlmeyer, editors. The Civil Wars: A Military History of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1638-1660. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Kishlansky, Mark A. The Rise of the New Model Army. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Lenihan, Pádraig. Catholic Confederates at War, 1642-1649. Studies in Irish History series. Cork: Cork University Press, 2001.

MacLean, James N.M. “Montrose’s Preparations for the Invasion of Scotland and Royalist Missions to Sweden, 1649-1651.” In Studies in Diplomatic History: Essays in Memory of David Bayne Horn. Edited by Ragnhild M. Hatton and Matthew S. Anderson. London: Longman, 1970.

Marshall, Alan. Oliver Cromwell, Soldier: The Military Life of a Revolutionary at War. London: Brasseys, 2004.

McNally, Michael. Ireland 1649-1652: Cromwell’s Protestant Crusade. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2009.

Memegalos, Florene S. George Goring (1608-1657): Caroline Courtier and Royalist General. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2007.

Morrah, Patrick. Prince Rupert of the Rhine. London: Constable, 1976.

40

Murdoch, Steve. “Scottish Maritime Warfare in the British Civil Wars, 1638-1660.” Chapter 5 in The Terror of the Seas? Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713. History of Warfare series. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2010.

Newman, Peter R. Atlas of the English Civil War. London: Croom Helm, 1985; reprint, London: Routledge, 1998.

__________. The Battle of Marston Moor. Chichester: Anthony Bird, 1981. __________ and Paul R. Roberts. Marston Moor 1644: The Battle of Five

Armies. Pickering: Blackthorn Press, 2003. Ohlmeyer, Jane H. “Ireland Independent: Confederate Foreign Policy and

International Relations during the mid-Seventeenth Century.” In Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641-1660. Edited by Jane H. Ohlmeyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Packard, Leanna. “The Scottish Revolution in its International Context, 1639-1640.” Senior Honors thesis, Ohio State University, 2009.

Porter, Stephen and Simon Marsh. The Battle for London. Stroud, England Amberley, 2010.

Reid, Stuart. All the King’s Armies: A Military History of the English Civil War, 1642-1651. Staplehurst, England: Spellmount, 1998.

__________. Auldearn 1645: The Marquis of Montrose=s Scottish Campaign. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

__________. Crown, Covenant and Cromwell: The Civil Wars in Scotland, 1639-1651. Barnsley, England: Frontline, 2012.

__________. Dunbar 1650: Cromwell’s Most Famous Victory. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2004.

__________. Scots Armies of the English Civil Wars. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1999.

Roberts, Keith. Cromwell’s War Machine: The New Model Army, 1645-1660. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2005.

__________. First Newbury 1643: The Turning Point. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

__________ and John Tincey. Soldiers of the English Civil War. Elite series. 2 volumes. Botley: Osprey, 1989-90.

Robinson, Gavin. “Equine Battering Rams? A Reassessment of Cavalry Charges in the English Civil War.” The Journal of Military History 75 (July 2011): 719-31.

41

__________. “Horse Supply and the Development of the New Model Army, 1642-1646.” War in History 15 (April 2008): 121-40.

Roy, Ian. AThe Royalist Army in the First Civil War.@ D.Phil. dissertation, University of Oxford, 1963.

__________. AThe Royalist Council of War, 1642-1646.@ Bulletin the Institute of Historical Research 35 (November 1962): 150-68.

Royle, Trevor. The British Civil War: The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1638-1660. London: Little, Brown and Co., 2004.

Russell, Conrad. The Fall of the British Monarchies, 1637-1642. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1991.

Scott, Christopher L. The Battles of Newbury: Crossroads of the English Civil War. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2008.

__________, Alan Turton, and Eric Gruber von Arni. Edgehill: The Battle Reinterpreted. Barnsley, England: Sword and Pen, 2004.

Scott, David. Politics and War in the Three Stuart Kingdoms, 1637-1649. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2004.

Smith, Geoffrey. Royalist Agents, Conspirators and Spies: Their Role in the British Civil Wars, 1640-1660. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2010.

Stewart, Laura A. “English Funding of the Scottish Armies in England and Ireland, 1640-1648.” The Historical Journal 52 (September 2009): 573-93.

Tincey, John. Edgehill 1642: The First Battle of the English Civil War. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2001.

__________. Marston Moor 1644: The Beginning of the End. Campaign series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2003.

Wanklyn, Malcolm. Decisive Battles of the English Civil War: Myth and Reality. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2006.

__________. “Oliver Cromwell and the Performance of Parliament’s Armies in the Newbury Campaign, 20 October-21 November 1644.” History 96 (January 2011): 3-25.

__________. The Warrior Generals: Winning the British Civil Wars. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.

__________ and Frank Jones. A Military History of the English Civil War: Strategy and Tactics. London: Longman/Pearson, 2005.

Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica. Oliver Cromwell. London: Duckworth, 1939. __________. The Great Rebellion: The King=s Peace, 1637-1641. London:

Collins, 1955.

42

__________. The Great Rebellion: The King=s War, 1641-1647. London: Collins, 1958.

Wheeler, James Scott. “Logistics of the Cromwellian Conquest of Scotland, 1650-1651.” War and Society 10 (May 1992): 1-18.

__________. “Prelude to Power: The Crisis of 1649 and the Foundation of English Naval Power.” The Mariner’s Mirror 81 (May 1995): 148-55; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

__________. The Irish and British Wars, 1637-1654: Triumph, Tragedy and Failure. Warfare and History series. London: Routledge, 2002.

Whitehead, Julian. Cavalier and Roundhead Spies: Intelligence in the Civil War and Commonwealth. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2009.

Wiggins, Kenneth. The Anatomy of a Siege: King John’s Castle, Limerick, 1642. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press, 2001.

Woolrych, Austin. Battles of the English Civil War: Marston Moor, Naseby, Preston. London: B.T. Batsford, 1961; reprint, London: Phoenix Press, 2001.

Worden, Blair. The English Civil Wars, 1640-1660. Universal History series. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2009.

Young, Peter. Edgehill 1642: The Campaign and the Battle. Kineton: Roundwood Press, 1967.

__________. Marston Moor 1644: The Campaign and the Battle. Kineton: Roundwood Press, 1970.

__________. Naseby 1645: The Campaign and the Battle. London: Century, 1985.

__________. The English Civil War Armies. Men-at-Arms series. Botley, England: Osprey, 1973.

__________ and Wilfrid Emberton. Cavalier Army: Its Organization and Everyday Life. London: Allen and Unwin, 1974.

__________ and Wilfrid Emberton. Sieges of the Great Civil War, 1642-1646. London: Bell and Hyman, 1978.

__________ and Richard Holmes. The English Civil War: A Military History of the Three Civil Wars, 1642-1651. London: Eyre Methuen, 1974; reprint, Ware, England: Wordsworth, 1999.

__________ and Margaret Toynbee. Cropredy Bridge, 1644. Kineton: Roundwood Press, 1970.

43

__________ and Norman Tucker, editors. The Civil War: Military Memoirs of Richard Atkyns and John Gwyn. Military Memoirs series. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1967.

Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668) Hardacre, P.H. “The English Contingent in Portugal, 1662-1668.” Journal of

the Society for Army Historical Research 38 (1960): 112-25. Prestage, Edgar. The Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England,

and Holland from 1640 to 1668. Watford: Voss and Michael, 1925. Sánchez-Marcos, Fernando. “The Struggle for Freedom in Catalonia and

Portugal.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe. Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

First Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654) Anderson, Roger Charles. “Denmark and the First Anglo-Dutch War.” The

Mariner’s Mirror 53 (1967): 55-61. __________. “English Fleet at the Battle of Portland.” The Mariner’s Mirror

39 (August 1953): 171-77. __________. “The First Dutch War in the Mediterranean.” The Mariner’s

Mirror 49 (November 1963): 241-65. Arni, Eric Gruber von. “Soldiers at Sea and Inter-Service Relations during

the First Dutch War.” The Mariner’s Mirror 84 (2003): 32-61. Baumber, Michael. ACromwell=s Soldier-Admirals.@ History Today 39

(October 1989): 42-47. __________. General at Sea: Robert Blake and the Seventeenth Century

Revolution in Naval Warfare. London: John Murray, 1989. Boxer, Charles Ralph. The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century,

1652-1674. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1974. Farnell, J.E. “The Navigation Act of 1651, the First Dutch War and the

London Merchant Community.” The Economic History Review, Second series 16 (April 1964): 439-54.

Gardiner, Samuel Rawson and Christopher Thomas Atkinson. The First Dutch War. 6 volumes. London: Navy Records Society, 1905-30.

44

Groenveld, Simon. “The English Civil Wars as a Cause of the First Anglo-Dutch War, 1640-1652.” The Historical Journal 30 (September 1987): 541-66.

Hainesworth, Roger and Christine Churches. The Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652-1674. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1998.

Jones, James Rees. The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century. Modern Wars in Perspective series. London: Longman, 1996.

__________. “The Dutch Navy and National Survival in the Seventeenth Century.” The International History Review 10 (February 1988): 18-32.

Konstam, Angus. Warships of the Anglo-Dutch Wars, 1652-1674. New Vanguard series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2011.

Little, Andrew Ross. “British Personnel in the Dutch Navy, 1642-1697.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Exeter, 2008.

Neufeld, Matthew. “The Framework of Casualty Care during the Anglo-Dutch Wars.” War in History 19 (November 2012): 427-44.

Padfield, Peter. Tide of Empires: Decisive Naval Campaigns in the Rise of the West, Volume I: 1481-1654. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979.

Palmer, Michael A. “The Anglo-Dutch Wars.” Chapter 2 in Command at Sea: Naval Command and Control since the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005.

__________. A>The Military Revolution= Afloat: The Era of the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Transition to Modern Warfare at Sea.@ War in History 4 (April 1997): 123-49; reprinted in Naval History, 1500-1680. The International Library of Essays on Military History series. Edited by Jan Glete. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.

Powell, John Rowland. Robert Blake: General-at-Sea. London: Collins, 1972. Rommelse, Gijs. “Mountains of Iron and Gold: Mercantilist Ideology in

Anglo-Dutch Relations (1640-1674).” In Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650-1750). Politics and Culture in Europe, 1650-1750 series. Edited by David Onnekink and Gijs Rommelse. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2011.

Wilson, Charles Henry. Profit and Power: A Study of England and the Dutch Wars. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1957; reprint, The Hague, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1978.

45

Cromwellian Foreign Policy (1649-1660) Ailes, Mary Elizabeth. “Ships, Sailors, and Mediators: England’s Naval Aid

to Sweden, 1658-1659.” The Historian 67 (Summer 2005): 275-98. Anderson, Roger Charles. “Blake’s Capture of the French Fleet before

Calais on 4 September 1652.” The Mariner’s Mirror 48 (August 1962): 192-207.

Ashley, Maurice. Financial and Commercial Policy under the Cromwellian Protectorate. Oxford Historical Series. Second edition. London: Frank Cass, 1972.

Aubrey, Philip. Mr. Secretary Thurloe: Cromwell’s Secretary of State, 1652-1660. London: Athlone Press, 1990.

Barnard, Toby. The English Republic, 1649-1660. Seminar Studies in History series. Second edition. London: Longman, 1997.

Barratt, John. Cromwell’s Wars at Sea. Barnsley, England: Pen and Sword, 2006.

Battick, John F. “Cromwell’s Navy and the Foreign Policy of the Protectorate, 1653-1658.” Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University, 1967.

Bennett, Martyn. Oliver Cromwell. Routledge Historical Biographies series. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2006.

Bowman, Jakob N. The Protestant Interest in Cromwell’s Foreign Relations. Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1900.

Capp, Bernard. Cromwell’s Navy: The Fleet and the English Revolution, 1648-1660. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1989.

Coward, Barry. Oliver Cromwell. Profiles in Power series. London: Longman, 1991.

__________. The Cromwellian Protectorate. New Frontiers in History series. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.

Crabtree, Roger. “The Idea of a Protestant Foreign Policy.” In Cromwell: A Profile. World Profiles series. Edited by Ivan Roots. New York: Hill and Wang, 1973.

Davis, James Colin. Oliver Cromwell. Reputations series. London: Arnold, 2001.

Durston, Christopher. Cromwell’s Major-Generals: Godly Government during the English Revolution. Politics, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain series. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001.

46

Firth, Charles Harding. “Blake and the Battle of Santa Cruz.” The English Historical Review 20 (April 1905): 228-50.

__________. “Cromwell’s Instructions to Colonel Lockhart in 1656.” The English Historical Review 21 (October 1906): 742-43.

__________. “Royalist and Cromwellian Armies in Flanders, 1657-1661.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, New series 17 (1903): 69-119.

__________. “Secretary Thurloe on the Relations of England and Holland.” The English Historical Review 21 (April 1906): 319-27.

__________. The Last Years of the Protectorate. 2 volumes. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1909; reprint, Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar, 2011.

Foley, Michael F., Jr. “John Thurloe and the Foreign Policy of the Protectorate, 1654-1658.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, 1967.

Fraser, Antonia. Cromwell: The Lord Protector. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973.

Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. “Cromwell and Marzarin in 1652.” The English Historical Review 11 (July 1896): 479-509.

__________. History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1656. 4 volumes. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1894-1903; reprint, Charleston, South Carolina: Nabu Press, 2010.

__________. Oliver Cromwell. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901. Gaunt, Peter. Oliver Cromwell. Historical Association Studies series. Oxford:

Basil Blackwell, 1996. Gentles, Ian. Oliver Cromwell: God’s Warrior and the English Revolution.

British History in Perspective series. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Hainesworth, Roger. The Swordsmen in Power: War and Politics under the English Republic, 1649-1660. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1997.

Hause, Earl Malcolm. Puritan Mercantilism: English Foreign Policy during the Protectorate of Richard Cromwell. Moscow: University Press of Idaho, 1977.

Hill, Christopher. God’s Englishman: Oliver Cromwell and the English Revolution. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1970; reprint, Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1990.

Howat, Gerald Malcolm David. Stuart and Cromwellian Foreign Policy. Modern British Foreign Policy series. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1974.

47

Hutton, Ronald. The British Republic 1649-1660. British History in Perspective series. Second edition. Basingstoke, England: Macmillan, 2000.

Jones, Guernsey. The Diplomatic Relations between Cromwell and Charles Gustavus X of Sweden. Lincoln, Nebraska: State Journal Co., 1897.

Jones, James Rees. Britain and Europe in the Seventeenth Century. Foundations of Modern History series. London: Edward Arnold, 1966.

__________. Britain and the World, 1649-1815. Fontana History of England series. Brighton, England: Harvester Press, 1980.

Korr, Charles P. Cromwell and the New Model Foreign Policy: England’s Policy Toward France, 1649-1658. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975.

Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. “Errand to the Indies: Puritan Colonization from Providence Island through the Western Design.” William and Mary Quarterly, Third series 45 (January 1988): 70-99.

Levy, Jack. “The Rise and Decline of the Anglo-Dutch Rivalry, 1609-1689.” In Great Power Rivalries. Studies in International Relations series. Edited by William R. Thompson. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999.

MacLean, James N.M. “Montrose’s Preparations for the Invasion of Scotland and Royalist Missions to Sweden, 1649-1651.” In Studies in Diplomatic History: Essays in Memory of David Bayne Horn. Edited by Ragnhild M. Hatton and Matthew S. Anderson. London: Longman, 1970.

Murdoch, Steve. “The Search for Northern Allies: Stuart and Cromwellian Propagandists in Scandinavia, 1649-1660.” In Propaganda: Political Rhertoric and Identity, 1300-2000. Themes in History series. Edited by Bertrand Taithe and Tim Thornton. Stroud, England: Sutton, 1999.

Payn, Frederic William. Cromwell on Foreign Affairs: Together with Four Essays on International Matters. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, 1901.

Pincus, Steven. Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy, 1650-1668. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Prestwich, Menna. “Diplomacy and Trade in the Protectorate.” The Journal of Modern History 22 (June 1950): 103-21.

48

Quainton, C. Eden. “Colonel Lockhart and the Peace of the Pyrenees.” The Pacific Historical Review 4 (September 1935): 267-80.

Roberts, Michael. “Cromwell and the Baltic.” The English Historical Review 76 (July 1961): 402-46.

__________, editor. Swedish Diplomats at Cromwell’s Court, 1655-1656: The Missions of Peter Julius Coyet and Christer Bonde. Camden Fourth Series. London: Royal Historical Society, 1988.

Routledge, Frederick James. England and the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1953.

Strong, Frank. “The Causes of Cromwell’s West Indian Expedition.” The American Historical Review 4 (January 1899): 228-45.

Taylor, Stanley Arthur Goodwin. The Western Design: An Account of Cromwell’s Expedition to the Caribbean. Kingston: Institute of Jamaica and Jamaica Historical Society, 1965; reprint, London: Solstice, 1969.

Venning, Timothy. Cromwellian Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Woolrych, Austin. England without a King, 1649-1660. Lancaster Pamphlets series. London: Routledge, 1983.

__________. “The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship?” History 75 (June 1990): 207-31.

Eastern and Northern Europe (1598-1660) Boeck, Brian J. “The Siege of Azov in 1641: Military Realities and Literary

Myth.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

Brown, Peter B. “Command and Control in the Seventeenth-Century Russian Army.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

Czaplinski, Władisław. “Polish-Danish Diplomatic Relations, 1598-1648.” Poland at the 11th International Congress of the Historical Sciences in Stockholm. Warsaw, Poland: Panstwowe Wydawn ictwo Naukowe, 1960.

Davies, Brian L. “Guliai-Gorod, Wagenburg, and Tabor Tactics in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Muscovy and Eastern Europe.” In Warfare

49

in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

__________. State Power and Community in Early Modern Russia: The Case of Kozlov, 1635-1649. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

__________. “The Road to Pereiaslav: Ukrainian and Muscovite Understandings of Protectorate, 1620-1654.” Cahiers du monde russe 50 (2009): 465-94.

__________. “The Role of the Town Governors in the Defense and Military Colonization of Muscovy’s Southern Frontier: The Case of Kozlov, 1635-1638.” 2 volumes. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Chicago, 1983.

Davies, Norman. “Vasa: The Swedish Connection (1587-1668).” Chapter 14 in God’s Playground: A History of Poland, Volume I: The Origins to 1795. Revised edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

Dukes, Paul. ANew Perspectives: Alexander Leslie and the Smolensk War, 1632-1634.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

__________. “’The Thirty Years War, the Smolensk War and the Modernization of International Relations in Europe.” In Modernizing Muscovy: Reform and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy. Routledge/Curzon Studies on the History of Russia and Eastern Europe series. Edited by Jarmo Kotilaine and Marshall Poe. London: Routledge/Curzon, 2004.

Dunning, Chester. Russia’s First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.

Frost, Robert I. AConfessionalization in the Army in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1550-1667.@ In Konfessionalisierung in Ostmitteleuropa: Wirkungen des religiösen Wandels im 16.und 17. Jahrhundert in Staat, Gesellschaft und Kultur. Edited by Joachim Bahlcke and Arno Strohmeyer. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1999.

__________. “New Beginnings.” Chapter 6 in The Northern Wars: War, State, and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558-1721. Modern Wars in Perspective series. London: Longman, 2000.

__________. “Poland-Lithuania and the Thirty Years War.” In Politics, Religion, Law and Society. Volume I in 1648: War and Peace in Europe.

50

Edited by Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling. Münster/Osnabrück: Westfälisches Landesmuseum, 1998.

__________. AScottish Soldiers, Poland-Lithuania and the Thirty Years War.@ In Scotland and the Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. History of Warfare series. Edited by Steve Murdoch. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2001.

Hegyi, Klára. “The Ottoman Network of Fortresses in Hungary.” In Ottomans, Hungarians, and Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest. Ottoman Empires and Its Heritage sieres. Edited by Géza Dávid and Pál Fodor. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2000.

Mason, Norman David. “The War of Candia, 1645-1669.” Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University, 1972.

Murphey, Rhoads. “Ottoman Resurgence in the Seventeenth Century Mediterranean: The Gamble and Its Results.” Mediterranean Historical Review 8 (December 1993): 186-200.

__________. AThe Functioning of the Ottoman Army under Murad IV (1623-1639/1032-1049): Key to Understanding the Relationship between Center and Periphery in Seventeenth Century Turkey.@ Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, 1979.

Nozdrin, Oleg A. “The Flodorf Project: Russia in the International Mercenary Market in the Early Seventeenth Century.” In Warfare in Eastern Europe, 1500-1800. History of Warfare series. Edited by Brian L. Davies. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012.

Oakley, Stewart P. “The Baltic during the Thirty Years War (1618/21-1648).” Chapter 5 in War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. War in Context series. London: Routledge, 1992.

__________. “The Time of Troubles (1595-1617/21).” Chapter 4 in War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. War in Context series. London: Routledge, 1992.

Ostapchuk, Victor. “The Ottoman Black Sea Frontier and the Relations of the Porte with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Muscovy, 1622-1628.” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1989.

Porshnev, Boris Fedorovich. Muscovy and Sweden in the Thirty Years War, 1630-1635. Edited by Paul Dukes. Translated by Brian Pearce. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

51

Stein, Mark L. Guarding the Frontier: Ottoman Border Forts and Garrisons in Europe. Library of Ottoman Studies series. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2007.

__________. ASeventeenth-Century Ottoman Forts and Garrisons on the Habsburg Frontier.@ Ph.D dissertation, University of Chicago, 2001.

Second Northern War (1655-1660) and Thirteen Years War (1654-1667) Brown, Peter B. “Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich: Muscovite Military Command

Style and Legacy to Russian Military History.” In The Military and Society in Russia, 1450-1917. History of Warfare series. Edited by Eric Lohr and Marshall Poe. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2002.

Davies, Norman. “Vasa: The Swedish Connection (1587-1668).” Chapter 14 in God’s Playground: A History of Poland, Volume I: The Origins to 1795. Revised edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.

Frost, Robert I. After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

__________. “The Thirteen Years War and the Second Northern War.” Chapter 7 in The Northern Wars: War, State, and Society in Northeastern Europe, 1558-1721. Modern Wars in Perspective series. London: Longman, 2000.

Koht, Halvdan. AScandinavian Preventive Wars in the 1650s.@ In Studies in Diplomatic History and Historiography in Honour of George Peabody Gooch. Edited by Arshag Ohan Sarkissian. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1961.

Longworth, Philip. Alexis: Tsar of All the Russias. London: Secker and Warburg, 1984.

__________. ATsar Alexis Goes to War.@ In Russia and Europe. Edited by Paul Dukes. London: Collins and Brown, 1991.

Marcincowski, Karol. The Crisis of the Polish-Swedish War, 1655-1660. Privately printed, 1950.

Oakley, Stewart P. “The First Great Northern War (1648-1667).” Chapter 6 in War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. War in Context series. London: Routledge, 1992.

52

O’Brien, C. Bickford. Muscovy and the Ukraine: From the Pereiaslavl Agreement to the Truce of Andrusovo, 1654-1667. University of California Publications in History series. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963.

Pernal, Andrew B. “The Polish Commonwealth and the Ukraine: Diplomatic Relations, 1648-1659.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Ottawa, 1977.

Roberts, Michael. “Charles X and the Great Parenthesis: A Reconsideration.” In From Oxenstierna to Charles XII: Four Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Reger, William M., IV. “European Mercenary Officers and the Reception of Military Reform in the Seventeenth-Century Russian Army.” In Modernizing Muscovy: Reform and Social Change in Seventeenth-Century Muscovy. Edited by Jarmo Kotilaine and Marshall Poe. Routledge/Curzon Studies on the History of Russia and Eastern Europe series. London: Routledge Curzon, 2004.

__________. “In the Service of the Tsar: European Mercenary Officers and the Reception of Military Reform in Russia, 1654-1667.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1997.

Stevens, Carol Belkin. “The Thirteen Years War, 1654-1667.” Chapter 5 in Russia’s Wars of Emergence, 1460-1730. Modern Wars in Perspective series. London: Longman, 2007.

Wojcik, Zbigniew. “Some Problems of Polish-Tartar Relations in the Seventeenth Century: The Financial Aspects of the Polish-Tartar Alliance in the Years 1654-1666.” Acta Poloniae Historica 13 (1966): 87-102.