Agenda

• Finish presentation• Quiz• NOTES!

Homework

• Maps!• Quiz next class

After WWII

The Cold War

Reconstruction

• Germany – Germany and Berlin divided among allies powers– France, US and UK combined and installed a

Democratic government • Japan – Occupation by the US under General Mac Author's

administration – Demilization – Democracy and economic development

New Institutions • United Nations

EUROPE AND UNITED STATES AFTER THE WAR

The Cold War• Containment

Western Europe• Expansion of democracy– Fascists discredited– Revolutionaries fall out of favor– Suffrage expanded

• Economic growth– Welfare state– Consumer culture

• New cooperation and institutions

Troubles in Western Europe• Inflation• “guest workers” and racism

Eastern Europe• Development of Communist Bloc• Secularization, collectivization,

industrialization• Soviet Union– Political stability after Stalin– Moderate and conservative

Troubles in Eastern Europe• Agricultural production• People attempt to escape to the West– Brain drain

• Motivation and discipline• Foreign policy failures• Environmental damage

THE COLD WAR Brief history and characteristics

HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=U9KX6ZKIGUE&FEATURE=RELATED&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE

Beginnings of the Cold War • Yalta Conference

Two Rivalries United States• Democracy• Free enterprise system

• President Truman:– Policy of containment – The Marshall Plan

USSR • Dictatorship • Communism

• Soviets set up puppet/ satellite nations in Eastern Europe

Characteristics of the Cold War • North Atlantic Treaty

Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact

• Korean War• Vietnam War• Berlin and the Berlin War • Cuban Missile Crisis • Nuclear weapons and the theory

of deterrence

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnLYYwltsog&feature=plcp&context=C498e671VDvjVQa1PpcFOzjT46cJ49FDHhkg7_kHennHcmZ23qaSM%3D&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Agenda

• Quiz• Guidance• Lecture

Homework

• Outline of China

End of the Cold War• Collapse of communism in the Soviet Union

and Eastern Europe – Soviet economic collapse– Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries – Tearing down the Berlin Wall– Breakup of the Soviet Union – Expansion of NATO

People of the Cold War • Indira Gandhi• Margaret Thatcher• Mikhail Gorbachev• Deng Xiaoping

Latin America

Latin America • Already politically independent• But economically dependent– Foreign investment from West– Relied on exports and world markets

Governments• Authoritarian response to the Great

Depression– Leaders still in power in 1945

• Socialism and Marxism are popular after the war

Pressures for Reforms• Powerful elites• Oligarchic economy and politics• Repression of Indians• Poor conditions for agricultural, later

industrial, workers

Solutions in Latin America• Imposed stability and growth – Single-party Mexico, military governments

• Marxist revolutions– Land reform, social changes

• Liberation theology– Catholicism and social justice

Cold War Context

• US provided export market, development assistance, foreign investment– Created Banana Republics– Intervened often– Accepted dictators

• USSR supported revolutionaries

Radicals

• Usually supported by USSR• Succeed in taking power, but struggle in

making true reforms– Maybe social success, rarely economic progress

• Usually became elite-focused and authoritarian

Military Coups

• Nationalistic• Usually supported by US• Limited freedom in favor of stability and

forced economic development– Repressive dictatorships– Not more successful than other options

In Later Times (1980s)

• Military gave power back, more elections• Still problems– Debt– Inflation– Drug gangs

• Populism and socialism still possible

Social

• Women slowly gain rights, but about equal to West now

• Population expands rapidly• Population movement as well:– Political and economic refugees– International labor market– Most urbanized of Third World

Decolonization

DECOLONIZATION OF INDIA

HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=SYOAPZ19ABO&SAFETY_MODE=TRUE&PERSIST_SAFETY_MODE=1&SAFE=ACTIVE

Setting for Indian Independence

• Britain weak after WWI and WWII• Indian National Congress• Leadership of Gandhi• Political division

Gandhi

• Leader of Nationalist group – Passive resistance, civil disobedience: boycotted British

goods, refused to pay taxes, disregarded British laws– Used ahimsa (nonviolence) and satyagraha (search for

truth)

DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUy_197dYX4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2903pxjYrc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HLJ0JDssaU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

After WWII

• Resentment in imperial rule and economic exploitation

• Pride in African culture and heritage • Right to self-determination

Decolonization

• Mixture of peaceful and violent revolutions after WWII

• Colonies where lost by Britain, France. Belgium and Portugal – Helped by superpower rivalry during the cold war

Examples of Independent movements

• West Africa: Peaceful transition • Algeria– War of Independence from France

• Kenya (Britain): – Violent struggle under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta

• South Africa: – Black South African struggles against apartheid – Nelson Mandela: First black president of the republic

of South Africa

South Asia

Challenges

• Rivalries and sectarian violence• Population explosion• Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems• Women’s Rights• Cold War Rivalries and Development

Solutions

• Populism• One-party rule (or military)– Nasser in Egypt

• State intervention– India

• Religious Revivalism– Iran

Asia

• Japan• Pacific Rim– Taiwan

• China• Vietnam

Will break into the following groups • Eastern Europe after the fall of the soviet Union • India/Pakistan• Israel/Palestine• Balkans• Persian Gulf• Ethnic conflicts (Rwanda and Sudan)• Failed states (Somalia, Afghanistan, Sierra

Leone, Liberia)• Affect / characteristic of Globalization

Directions

• Create the TOP 10 thing you will need to know about each item.

• Write it down in ONE piece of paper.