AgendaFinish micropipette lab- turn in

Do the pink mixing worksheet- turn in

Take Demonstration Quiz using Micropipettes

Cells Unit- pretest

Cells Unit notes- Obj. 7.1 and 7.2

Turn in composition notebooks

HW: Obj. 7.1 and 7.2

(Do on a separate sheet of paper)

Cells!What are they?Who has them?

What do they do?

Cells Pre-Test

On the top part of your guided notes, answer these questions:

A. What is a cell?

B. Where are cells found?

C. Who has cells?

D. What do cells do?

E. Where else have you heard the term ‘cell’, not related to Biology?

F. Draw a cell, with as many parts as you can

Look at your cell drawing on the pre-test:

Did it look like this?

This is a typical animal cell, but cells come in all shapes and sizes…

Neuron (brain cell)

Amoeba

Skin Cells

Muscle Cells

Bacteria

What is a Cell?

• The cell is the smallest unit of life!

• The Cell Theory states:– All living things are composed of cells– Cells are the basic units of structure and

function in living things– All new cells come from pre-existing cells

Great Moments in Cell-Hood

• Robert Hooke named the tiny chambers in cork (from trees) “cells” in 1665.

• Schleiden and Schwann concluded that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838 and 1839.

• First images looked

like this:

(Pretty boring!!!)

Great Moments in Cell-Hood

Now, we use scanning electron microscopes to see cells like this:

Samples are chemically preserved, dried, placed in a vacuum, and shot with a beam of electrons!

It’s that easy…

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes• Living things are called

prokaryotes or eukaryotes based on their cells

• Prokaryotes have DNA, but it is not contained in a nucleus

• Prokaryotes are simpler and unicellular

Eukaryotes

• Eukaryotes have organelles enclosed in membranes

• DNA is enclosed in a nucleus

• Eukaryotes are uni or multicellular

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

• Eukaryotic cells contain organelles, which serve specific functions

• Each organelle is essential to overall cell function

Organelles for Protein-Making

• The following organelles work to make proteins, which make up you!

• Nucleus- contains DNA (directions to make proteins); control center of cell

• Nuclear Envelope- perforated coating around nucleus; allows good things in and keep bad things out

• Chromatin/Chromosomes- form DNA is in while inside nucleus

Organelles for Protein-Making

• Nucleolus- knot of DNA where production of ribosomes occurs

• Ribosomes- where proteins are assembled using directions from DNA

Organelles for Lipids and Transport

• The following organelles work to make lipids and transport molecules:

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- assembles lipids;

transports proteins being made– Smooth ER: no ribosomes

on it– Rough ER: ribosomes on

outside – Some ribosomes float

around freely

Organelles for Lipids and Transport

• Golgi Apparatus- modifies, sorts, packages proteins and lipids from the ER

• Molecules are being packaged to be stored in cell or sent out of cell

Organelles for Lipids and Transport

• Cell Membrane- cell covering that controls what enters and exits cells

Organelles for Energy

• The following organelles are make and convert energy to useable forms!

• Mitochondria- Do respiration for you! They convert food into ATP (molecule that powers your bodily processes). Gives off CO2 in the process.

Organelles for Energy

• Chloroplasts- Do photosynthesis for plants! Capture light energy and use it to convert CO2 to sugar.

Organelles for Energy

• To the right of your mitochondria picture, write the following equations:

Photosynthesis:

Respiration:

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP!

Organelles for Structure and Storage

• The following organelles provide structure and storage:

• Cytoskeleton- protein highway that maintains cell shape and transports molecules

• Cytoplasm- liquidy goo

that organelles float in

Organelles for Structure and Storage

• Cell Wall- rigid cell covering that gives cells shape and support (plants only!)

• .• ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

• Vacuole- storage organ

Organelles for Garbage Disposal

• Please add this at the bottom of your notes! Then, give it its own color on your yellow worksheet.

• The lysosome breaks down old organelles, incorrect made proteins and lipids, and foreign objects

• It contains digestive

enzymes with a pH

of 4.5!

Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Plant and Animal Cells differ in three ways:– Plant cells have cell walls– Plant cells have large vacuoles– Plant cells have chloroplasts