Agenda for Today’s Workshop

• 10:00 to 10:45: Introduction – Dr. Mo Najafi

• 10:45 to 11:15: Research and Testing –

Mr. Jwala Sharma

• 11:15 to 11:45: Cost Comparison –

Ms. Trupti Kulkarni

• 11:45 to 12:00: Lab Tour & Testing -

Mr. Jorge Forteza

• 12:00 to 12:30: Break for Buffet Lunch.

• 12:30 to 1:30: Details of Restrained

Joint PVC – Mr. Craig Fisher

Introduction to CUIRE

Trenchless Technology

Overview of HDD Method

Comparing Main Features of HDD

HDD Installation Process

Soil Investigations

Site Investigations

Case Studies

Conclusions

Center for Underground Infrastructure

Research & Education…

RESEARCH CONSORTIUM

OVERVIEW …

Center for Underground

Infrastructure Research &

Education (CUIRE)

Center for Underground Infrastructure

Research & Education

Grouping of university, municipal, industrial,

business and governmental representatives

committed to the advancement of knowledge in

materials, methods and equipment used in

underground infrastructure.

RESEARCH CONSORTIUM

THE CONSORTIUM …

Center for Underground

Infrastructure Research &

Education (CUIRE)

CUIRE Board Members

Northwest Pipe

TT Technologies

RESEARCH CONSORTIUM

THE ENGINEERING PROCESS & YOUR INVESTMENT

Advanced Research

Applied Research

Applied Engineering

Advanced Engineering

What is out there ?

What can I do with it ?

What might it look like ?

How can I produce it ?

Center for Underground

Infrastructure Research &

Education (CUIRE)

Outreach Activities

• Inspector Schools

– New Construction

– HDD

– Pipe Renewal

– Pipeline Design &

Construction

www.uctonline.com

January 25-27, 2011 - Houston

CUIRE Facilities

Physical

Testing Lab

CUIRE Facilities

Computer

Lab and

Offices

CUIRE Equipment

CUIRE PIPE

INSPECTION

EQUIPMENT

CUIRE Equipment

Soil Resistivity

Imaging and

Software

Trenchless Technology Methods

Trenchless Methods

Construction Methods Renewal Methods

Utility Tunneling

Pipe Jacking

Horizontal Earth Boring

Cured-in-Place Pipe

Close-fit Pipe

Thermoformed Pipe

Sliplining

Modified Sliplining

In-line Replacement

Localized Repair

Lateral Renewal

Coatings & Linings

Manhole Renewal

Horizontal Auger Boring

HDD

Microtunneling

Pipe Ramming

Benefits of Trenchless Technology

Do not assume open-cut is less expensive than trenchless technology

Benefits of Trenchless Technology

Comparison of Cost Factors Between Open-Cut

& Trenchless Technology

Open-Cut Trenchless Technology

Depth Major Minor

Diameter Moderate Moderate

Soil Conditions Major Moderate to Minor

Obstructions Major Minor

Water Table Major Minor

Existing Utilities Major Major to Moderate

Damage To Pavement Major Minor

Reinstatement Major Minor

Traffic Major Minor

Safety Issues Major Minor

Productivity Major Minor

Environmental Issues Major Minor

Should You Go Trenchless?

Is the pipe 5 ft deep or more?

Is the pipe below water table?

Is soil unstable?

Is underground congested with other utilities?

Is it in urban area?

Are drive lengths more than 200 ft?

Is it under a roadway?

Can the pipe be renewed or spot repaired?

Is it in residential area?

If yes to 2 of above questions, consider trenchless technology!

Main Challenges for

Trenchless Technology Projects

• Locating Existing Underground Utilities

• Lack of Standard Guidelines & Specifications

• Lack of Proper Geotechnical Investigations

• Matching the Correct Method to the Project Conditions

Main Causes of Project

Problems

• Specification Interpretation

• Lack of Inspector & Operator

Experience and Proper Training

Originated from the oil fields in the 1970s and evolved by merging

technologies used in utilities and water well industries.

The first known river crossing using the HDD method took place in 1971.

Approximately 615 ft of 40 in. diameter steel pipe was installed across the

Pajaro River near Watsonville, California, for the Pacific Gas and Electric Co.

(DCCA 1994).

Titan Contractors (Martin Cherrington) introduced Horizontal Directional

Drilling, or HDD, in 1971.

The Mini-HDD was developed by Flow Industries in 1978.

Historical Background

Usually performed in two (or more) steps:

Drilling of pilot hole using a steerable drill head &

locator system

Backreaming to increase pilothole diameter &

pullback of product pipe

Product pipe sizes up to about 60 in.

Typically used for pressure pipelines and conduits

Characteristic of Horizontal Directional Drilling

Method Diameter

Range

(inches)

Maximum

Installation

(feet)

Pipe

Materials

Typical

Applications

Accuracy

( + or - )

Mini-HDD 4”-12” < 600’PE, PVC,

DIP

Pressure pipe

& cablesVaries

Midi-HDD 12”- 24” 600’ – 2,000’PE, Steel,

PVC, DIPPressure pipe Varies

Maxi-HDD < 60” >2,000’ PE, Steel Pressure pipe Varies

Source: John Hair & Associates

Source: John Hair & Associates

Source: John Hair & Associates

Source: John Hair & Associates

Source: John Hair & Associates

HDD Growth

12 Rigs in 1984

Over 2,000 Rigs in 1995

Today, Approximately 30,000 Rigs Worldwide

Soft to very soft clays, silt & organic deposits Yes

Medium to very stiff clays and silts Yes

Hard clays and highly weathered shale Yes

Very loose to loose sands (above water table) Yes

Medium to dense sands (below the water table) Yes

Medium to dense sands (above the water table) Yes

Gravels & cobbles less than 2-4 in. diameter Marginal

Soils with significant cobbles, boulders and obstructions

larger than 4-6 in. diameter

No

Weathered rocks, marls, chalks and firmly cemented soils Yes

Significantly weathered to unweathered rocks Marginal

Product Diameter Reamed Diameter

< 8’’ Diameter of product + 4’’

8’’ – 24’’ Diameter of product x 1.5

> 24’’ Diameter of product + 12’’

Reamer size

over the bell

American Augers

Barbco

Central Mine Equipment

Ditch Witch

Laney

Robbins

TT Technologies

Tulsa Rig Iron

Vermeer Manufacturing

Sewer10% Electric

11%

Water13%

Oil/Gas13%

Gas Distribution

18%

Telecommunications20%

Other15%

Sales

Underground Construction Magazine, 2003

No. of

rigs

currently

owned

Locating/

tracking

equipment

Drill

pipe

(ft)

Mud mixing

equipment

Revenues

from HDD

4 4 4,000 2 2,200,000

Persons

employed

Estimated no. of drill

rigs in the next year

Business

outlook

15 6 Optimistic

Cost of $5-$7/in./ft

0 2 4 6 8 10

Other

Soil Information

Existing Utilities

Ground Settlement

Off-Target

Locating Drill

Mud Pumps

Drilling Fluids

Drilling Fluids Migration

Stuck Pipe

Back Reaming

Product Pipe

Drill Rod

Ground conditions are variable

Not every method is suitable for every ground conditions

No site investigation can precisely predict actual ground

conditions & behavior

Evaluate Ground Conditions & Variability

Identify “Obstacles”

Determine Feasibility

Select Alignment to Minimize Risks

Decide on type and mix of drilling fluids.

Decide on type of drill bit or reamer.

Decide on volume of fluids.

To have a safe and productive drilling operation.

Cohesionless:

Gravel

Sand

Silt

Cohesive:

Clay

Organic Soil

Coarse-Grained Soil:

Gravel

Sand

Fine-Grained Soil:

Silt

Clay

Boulders: More Than 200 mm (8 in.)

Cobbles: Between 100 mm to 200 mm (4 to 8 in.)

Gravel: Between 2 mm to 100 mm (4 in.)

Sand: Between 0.1 to 2 mm

Silt: Between 0.005 to 0.1 mm

Clay: Less Than 0.005 mm

Make Use of Existing Data

Aerial Photos

Geology Maps & Reports

Soil Maps

Existing Boring Logs

Land Use Records

Site Visit

Potholes, Pits, Fluid Returns, Etc.

Potential Obstacles

Cobbles & Boulders

High Percentage of Gravel

Wood

Abandoned Structures (Metal, Concrete)

Unknown Fill Materials

Unanticipated Utilities

Overhead Utilities

Soil Contamination

Potential Obstacles

Mixed Face Conditions

Soil Over Rock

Layered Soil

Location Eastland, Texas

Date of Installation March 10, 2010

Contractor Darnell and Dickson Construction Inc.

HDD Subcontractor Collier Directional Drilling

Length of Installation 318 ft (96.92 m)

Nominal Diameter of the

Pipe6 in. (150 mm)

Dimension Ratio (DR) 18

Depth from Ground to

Center of the Pipe4 ft (1.22 m)

Crew Details

1 Superintendent,

3 Workers,

1 Backhoe Operator,

1 HDD Machine Operator,

1 Front-end Loader

Operator, 1 Truck Operator

Equipment

HDD Machine Model: Ditch

Witch JT 2720,

Backhoe,

Slurry Truck, and

Front-end Loader

Vacuum Excavator,

Location Clay County, Florida

Date of Installation 02-24-2010

Owner Clay County Utility Authority

Contractor Bore Hawg, Inc, Contact: Jason Riggs, President

Project Contact Steve Rencarge, Operations Coordinator,

Length of Pipe Installation 540 ft (165 m)

Nominal Diameter of the

Pipe4 in. (100 mm)

Dimension Ratio (DR) 18

Depth from Ground to the

Center of the Pipe5 ft. (1.52 m)

Crew Details

1 Superintendent,

3 Workers,

1 Backhoe Operator,

1 HDD Machine Operator

Truck Operator

EquipmentHDD Machine Model: Ditch

Witch JT 1720

Vacuum Excavator

Slurry Truck

Backhoe

Exit Pit

Entry

Pit

HDD Rig

Water Tank

Vacuum

Excavator

Proposed 4” PVC Water

Pipe

16 “ Corrugated Steel

Storm Sewer Pipe

Existing 2” Galvanized

Steel Water Pipe

HDD is one of the fastest growing trenchless construction

methods.

Installing new infrastructure using open cut construction, can

equate to high social costs.

For successful HDD installations, proper planning and site

investigations as well as operator and inspector training are

required.

The use of trenchless technologies in water and sewer

applications has been growing.

Mohammad Najafi, Ph.D., P.E.

CUIRE Director

Department of Civil Engineering

The University of Texas at Arlington

Box 19308

428 Nedderman Hall

Arlington, TX 76019-0308

Phone: 817-272-0507

Fax: 817-272-2630

Email: najafi@uta.edu

www.cuire.org