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AgendaAgenda
Introduction to Biofuels
Biotechnology can help make Biofuels cheaper
The next generation of biofuels and the US economy
Israeli biotechnology is helping biofuels
Introduction to The World Of Biofuels
• Starch from grains is broken to sugars, sugars are fermented to produce ethanol
• Plant oils are broken to fatty acids to produce biodiesel
• Ethanol (up to 10%) is blended with gasoline to be used in available gasoline engines
• Biodiesel (up to 20%) is blended with diesel to be used in available diesel engines
Ethanol Biodiesel
Blend with Gasoline
Gasoline Engines
BioEthanolBioEthanolBioEthanolBioEthanol BioDieselBioDieselBioDieselBioDiesel
Blend with Diesel
Diesel Engines
FUEL
3* GEL – Gasoline equivalent liters
02468
101214
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010
Bio
die
sel c
on
sum
pti
on
(B
Li.)
Biodiesel consumption (B. Li)
Soybean and Canola
Corn
Ethanol (Gasoline)
-113579
1113151719
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n (
B G
EL
)
Ethanol consumption (US – B. of GEL*)
Biodiesel (Diesel)
The world consumption of Biofuels is growing
EU Target – 5.75% of transport fuel in 2010EU Target – 5.75% of transport fuel in 2010US – 30 % of transport fuels in 2030 US – 30 % of transport fuels in 2030
EU Target – 5.75% of transport fuel in 2010EU Target – 5.75% of transport fuel in 2010US – 30 % of transport fuels in 2030 US – 30 % of transport fuels in 2030
US Ethanol Fuel Consumption is Growing
• In the US ethanol consumption is growing
US Ethanol ProductionUS Ethanol ProductionUS Ethanol ProductionUS Ethanol Production
Can be mixed with gasoline Higher octane than gasoline Non toxic
Pros:
Has 65% energy content of gasoline Mixes with water. Could not be transported
through conventional pipes Competes with food/feed on resources
Cons:
Ethanol refineries are located in the “corn belt”
US Government Decision - Go for More Biofuels
Develop a renewable and DOMESTIC source of biofuels The aim of US government- replacing 100 Billion Gallons (BG) of motor fuel (30% of
the 2004 demand) by 2030
2005: The 30:30 initiative by the Bush Administration2005: The 30:30 initiative by the Bush Administration
US transportation fuel demand is growing fast US transportation fuel demand is growing fast
How much corn ethanol can the US produce?How much corn ethanol can the US produce?How much corn ethanol can the US produce?How much corn ethanol can the US produce?
The conclusion – Corn ethanol is NOT the solution for the future needsThe conclusion – Corn ethanol is NOT the solution for the future needsThe conclusion – Corn ethanol is NOT the solution for the future needsThe conclusion – Corn ethanol is NOT the solution for the future needs
Percentage of Corn used for Ethanol
Corn Ethanol - Major Source For Biofuels?
Using 20% of corn production is replacing 4% of current use of gasoline for transportation
US corn production increase is slow (1% a year)
7
Ethanol an be made from any biomass!
Corn Starch
Cellulose
Ethanol FUEL
FFV- flex fuel cars can Use gasoline or ethanol
Sucrose
All plantsCellulose is the most abounded bio
material in the world!
1BT of biomass is needed to produce 20% of the US gasoline!
Need about 1BT of biomass in 2030
preannial crops36%
corn stover24%
wheat straw8%
grains6%
Fuelwood13%
wood residues+lo
gging residues
8%
pulping liqour5%
To meet the US government 2030 goal, a 1BT of biomass should be produced to make 71 BG of ethanol.
To make 1 BT of biomass, additional cellulose feedstock is needed
Cellulose feedstock could not compete with conventional crops on land and water
Wheat Straw
Forest Residues
Corn Stover
Cellulose
Perennial Crops
Price of Biomass Ethanol Production is Expected to Decline
Market size of $34B for cellulosic ethanol feedstock$156 for GEB
$83 GEB
$46 GEB
To become competitive, costs of cellulosic ethanol production must be sharply reduced
Cellulose Refineries Will Spread All Over The Country .
IOGEN18 MG/Y
switchgrass
Total production of 200M gallons in 2009 Locations are spread all over the US US government funded these refineries with a total of $385M Congress is likely to approve $750M loan guaranties for enlarging production
BlueFire Ethanol19 MG/YWaste wood,
Abengoa11.4 MG/Y
Corn Stover. Wheat Straw
Alico13.9 MG/Y
Waste wood
POET125 MG/Y
Corn stover
Range Fuels9 MG/Y
Waste wood
How can Biotechnology help?
Improved Plantwith .
Standard Plant
Improved Plant: Increased Yield ( )
25% higher yields under normal and stress conditions
Generic function in plants: Applicable to other crops 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Control Candidate 1
Genes
Yie
ld (
mg
)
*
Candidate 1Control
12
Evogene’s Activity in Biodiesel Improving Existing Crops
Higher Yields Soybean - Agreement with Canola – Improved seeds being
developed
Increased oil for Biodiesel Model plant results underway
“Biodiesel Oriented” Crops
Evogene - Ormat 3 year project, $2M initially Develop non edible, non arable
commercial crops for Biodiesel Output: Pre-commercial variety field
trial
The next step : Breeding/GM Biomass Varieties for Marginal Land
Large areas left out from the growing cycle
Drought, a major limitation
Salt tolerance is important when using waste water