31
Hybrid meson decay widths A. Giachino ( INFN Genova) H. Garcia Tecocoatzi, E. Santopinto and E. Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon, MENU-2019 Cohon University Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 04/06/2019

A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    2

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Hybrid meson decay widths

A.  Giachino (INFN  Genova)H.  Garcia  Tecocoatzi,   E.  Santopinto and  E.  Swanson

The 15th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon, MENU-2019Cohon University Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

04/06/2019

Page 2: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

• 1)  Introduction:• Definition  of  conventional  and  hybrid  mesons;

• 2)  Charmonium hybrid  multiplets and  hybrid  mass  spectrum  from  Lattice• 3)  Decay  amplitudes  of  the  hybrid  mesons

• The  model    of  the  decay  process;• The  transition  operator;• The  gluon  dispersion  model;• Full  amplitude  for  the  decay  process• Preliminary  results  for    2"#(𝐻1)  hybrid  decay  widths  in  𝐷(*)𝐷(*)• Hunting  for  hybrids:    MesonEx and  Gluex

Page 3: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Conventional  mesons

The  Constituent  Quark  Model  describes  the  observed  meson  spectrum  as  𝑞  𝑞′- bound  states  grouped  according  to  SU(N)  flavor  multiplets.  The  heavy/light    meson    mass  spectrum  was  computed  originally  by  S.    Godfrey  and  N.    Isgur in  1985  within  the  Constituent  Quark  Model  in  Phys.  Rev  D,  32,   1.

Figure   taken  from  PDG.

𝐽/0 = 0"#

𝐽/0 = 1""

SU(4)  multiplets showing   the  16-­‐plets  for  the  pseudoscalar(a)  and  vector  mesons  (b)  made  of  the  u,  d,   s,  and  c  quarks.

Constituent  Quark  Model

Page 4: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

If  the  orbital  angular  momentum  of  the  𝑞  𝑞′- state  is  L,  then  the  parity    operator  eigenvalues  are    P=(−1)4#5   and  the  meson  total  angular  momentum  J  is  given  by  |L  −  s|  ≤  J  ≤  |L  +  s|,  

where  s  can  be  0  (antiparallel  quark  spins)  or  1  (parallel  quark    spins).A  state  made  of  quarks  and  their  own  antiquarks  𝑞  𝑞6 is  also  eigenstate of    charge  conjugation  

operator  𝐶8,  whose  eigenvalues  are    given  by  C = (−1)4#@.

Conventional  mesons

Page 5: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Possible  𝑱𝑷𝑪 for    𝑞  𝑞6 mesons

In  the  quark  model  the  allowed  JPC quantum  numbers  are  therefore:

l 𝑳 = 𝟎 S=0,  JPC  =  0-­‐+

S=1,  JPC  =  1-­‐-­‐

l 𝑳 = 𝟏   S=0,   JPC  =  1+-­‐

S=1,  JPC  =  0++,  1++,  2++

l 𝑳 = 𝟐   S=0,  JPC  =  2-­‐+

S=1,  JPC  =    1-­‐ -­‐ ,  2-­‐ -­‐ ,  3-­‐ -­‐

Conventional  mesons

Page 6: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

So  one  can  see  that  the  quantum  numbers  𝐽/0 = 0"", 𝑜𝑑𝑑"#, 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛#"

are  not  available  to  simple  quark-­‐antiquark  systems.  Hadrons  with  these  quantum  numbers  are  called  “(quantum  number)  exotic”  [1]

On  PDG  a  “(quantum  number)  exotic”  is  denoted  by  a    subscript  for  the  total  spin,  with  parity  and  charge  conjugation  following  that  of  the  corresponding  hadron.  Thus,  for  ex.,  a  𝐽/0 = 1"# isovector hybrid  would  be  denoted  by  𝜋5,𝑒. 𝑔.        𝜋5(1400)  [2]    or          𝜋5(1600)   [3]      with

[1]  Hybrid  Mesons  C.A.  Meyer  (Carnegie  Mellon  U.),  E.S.  Swanson  (Pittsburgh   U.).  Feb  25,  2015.  Prog.Part.Nucl.Phys.  82  (2015)  21-­‐58[2]  D.  R.  Thompson et  al. (E852  Collaboration),   Phys.  Rev.  Lett. 79,  1630   (1997);[3]  E.  I.  Ivanov et  al. (E852  Collaboration),   Phys.  Rev.  Lett. 86,  3977  (2001)

Page 7: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Definition  of  Hybrid

Such  quark-­‐antiquark-­‐gluon  systems  admit    exotic  quantum  numbers  which  are  not  allowed  to  simple  quark-­‐antiquark  states  because  also  the  gluon  quantum  numbers  are  includedLattice  simulations  of  the  charmonium spectrum  in  quenched  QCD  beyond  the  Born-­‐oppenheimerapproximation  also  lead  to  more  states  then  predicted  by  the  quarkonium potential  models  potentially  indicating  presence  of  gluonicexcitations  [2]

[1]  H.  Garcia  Tecocoatzi et  al.,  work  in  preparation.[2]  J.  J.  Dudek,  R.  G.  Edwards,  N.  Mathur,  and  D.  G.Richards,  Phys.  Rev.  D  77,  034501  (2008).

We  define  a  hybrid  state  as    a  bound  system  made  by  a  heavy  quark  and  a    heavy  antiquark  in  a  color  octet  configuration  plus  some  gluonicexcitations  [1].

Page 8: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Hybrid  multipletsIn  the  classification  of  hybrids  we  follow  the  notation  𝐻Q originally  introduced  in    [1-­‐2]  withthe  following  definitions:• s=0  or  1  is  the  spin  of  𝑞𝑞6;• l=0,1…  is  the  angular  momentum  between  𝑞 and  𝑞6; ;

• jg =1  is  the  orbital  angular    momentum  of  the  quasi-­‐gluon

• 𝜉=-­‐1   corresponds  to  TE  (unnatural  parity)  gluon  state  (at  the  moment  we  do  not  consider  gluon  in  TM  mode)

• L=l+Jg;• J=  L+s  is  the  total  angular  momentum  of  

the  hybrid  meson.[1]  K.  J.  Juge,  J.  Kuti,  and  C.  J.  Morningstar,  Phys.  Rev.  Lett.,  82,  4400  (1999);[2]  E.  Braaten,  C.  Langmack,  and D.  H.  Smith,  Phys.  Rev.,  D90,  014044   (2014)  and Phys.  Rev.  Lett.,  112,  222001  (2014).

Example:  the  𝑯𝟏 multipletCoupling   the  TE  gluon  with  a  color  octet  𝑞  𝑞′- state  in  l  =  0,  one  obtains    a  hybrid  state  with  theintermediate  angular  momentum   L=  l  +  Jg =  1.  Adding  also  the  quark  spin,   s=0  or  1,  we  obtain  four  low  lying  hybrids  with  𝐽/0=  1-­‐-­‐,0-­‐+,1-­‐+  and  2-­‐+  which  correspond   to  the  multiplet indicated  with  H1.  The  parity  and  charge  conjugation  eigenvalues  of  the  hybrid  states  areare given  by:

𝑱𝑷𝑪 multiplets with    𝒍 ≤ 𝟏  for  the  charmonium hybrid  states(table  below)

Exotic  quantum  numbers   in  red

𝑃 = 𝜉(−1)WX#Y#5,𝐶 = (−1)Y#Z#5

𝑗\ + 𝑙 + 1 = 1 + 0 + 1 = 2 → 𝑃 = −1𝑙 + 𝑠 + 1 = 0 + 0 + 1 = 1 → 𝐶 = −1𝑙 + 𝑠 + 1 = 0 + 1 + 1 = 2 → 𝐶 = +1

Page 9: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Hybrid  masses The  spectrum  of  hybrids  in  the  charmonium sector  has    been  calculated  in  2012  by  the  Hadron  Spectrum  Collaboration  [3]  using  lattice  QCD  .  These  masses  are  used  as  input  in  our  decay  width  calculations  [4].

[3]  L.  Liu,  G.  Moir,  M.  Peardon,   S.  M.  Ryan,  C.  E.  Thomas,  P.  Vilaseca,  J.  J.  Dudek,  R.  G.  Edwards,  B.  Joo,  and  D.  G.  Richards  (Hadron  Spectrum),   JHEP,  07,  126  (2012);[4]  H.  Garcia  Tecocoatzi et  al.,  work  in  preparation.

H1                                              H3                                        H2                                                              H4l=0,L=1       l=1,L=0 l=1,L=1 l=1,L=2

Charmonium hybrid  spectrum

Page 10: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  model  of  decay  processIn  the  simplest  scheme  of  a  hybrid  meson  decay  process,  only  the  

quark-­‐gluon  vertex  is  involved:  all  the  other  vertices,  in  fact,  give  rise  to  states  not  compatible  with  the  initial  hybrid  meson  state,  𝑞  𝑞6  g,  and  the  two  mesons  of  the  final  states,  and  so  they  give  zero  

contribution  to  the  decay  process  as  one  can  see  in  the  figure.

Hybrid  meson  (H1,H2,…)

conventional  meson  (D,D*,D0,…)

conventional  meson(D,D*,D0,…)

the  quark-­‐gluon  vertex  is

with

Page 11: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  transition    operator• In  Coulomb  Gauge  QCD,  the  decay  operator  is  given  by  the  integral  of  the  the  product  of  the  spatial  part  of  the  quark  current  and  the  gluon  field:

𝐴c   is  the  chromo-­‐magnetic   field

Ψ is  the  quark  field

𝑖 and  𝑎   are  the  helicityand  color  indices,  n=1,2  and  3𝑎g# and  𝑎g are  the  quasi-­‐gluon  creation  and  annihilation  operators

𝑢 and  𝑣 are  Dirac  spinorswhich  appear  in  the  quark  field: 𝑣Z 𝒑 = 𝛾k  𝑢Z(𝑝)

In  Dirac-­‐Pauli  convection:  

Page 12: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  transition    operatorNow, for the process we are interested in, only the combination b†d†a makes a contribution(we destroy a gluon in the initial state and we create a quark and an antiquark in the final state), so the only terms of the chromo-magnetic field A and the quark fields that survive are, respectively:

and

Replace  𝐴Q ,Ψ and  Ψ-     into  the  expression  of  𝜃:

One  replaced  𝐴Q, Ψ and  Ψ-the  transition    operator    𝜃   is  proportional  to:  

𝜃 ∝

Page 13: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  transition    operator• In  order  to  calculate  the  hybrid  decay  widths  it  is  useful  to  expressthe    transition  operator  in  the  Wigner  matrixformalism  [7]

where  the  rotation  matrix  𝐷p,pqW is  the  matrix  

representative  of  the  rotation  operator  R  in  the  irreducible  representation  of  the  rotation  group  labelled  by  j:

Euler  angles

[7]  Philip  R.  Page,  Eric  S.  Swanson  and     Adam  P.  Szczepaniak,  PHYSICAL  REVIEW  D,  VOLUME  59,  034016

Page 14: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

and  𝑑pr,pW (𝜃) is  the  matrix  representative  of  the  rotation    about  the  y  

axis:

The  Wigner  D-­‐matrix  elements  𝐷p,pqW form  a  set  of  orthogonal  functions  of  

the  Euler  angles  𝛼, 𝛽 and  𝛾 and  they  satisfy  the  following  normalization  condition:

Page 15: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Once  rewritten  the  transition  operator  in  the  Wigner  matrixformalism    the  final  expression  for  the  decay  operator  can  be  written  as:

1  is  the  spin  of   the  quasi-­‐gluon;s+s’=𝜆:  conservation  of  the  third  component  of  the  spin  which  tells  us  that  the  sum  of  the  third  component  of  the  quark  and  the  antiquark  spin  must  be  equal  to  the  third  component   of  the  gluon   spin;𝒌  , 𝒑  and 𝒑’    are  the  momenta  of  the  gluon,   the  quark  and  the  antiquark  respectively;

The  transition    operator

Page 16: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Gluon  Dispersion  Model  

GeV

What  choice  for  𝜔(𝑘) ?

We  use  the  expression  found  by  Adam  Szczepaniak,  Eric S.  Swanson  et  al.   in  Phys.  Rev.  Lett. 76,  2011

Page 17: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Learning  from  superconductivity

A  key  conceptual  element  of  BCS    theory  is  the  pairing  of  electrons  close  to  the Fermi  level into Cooper  pairs.This  pairing  results  from  a  slight  attraction  between  the  electrons  due  to  the  coupling  of  the  electrons  with  the  lattice  vibrations  (phonons).

Page 18: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  electron  pairs  have  a  slightly  lower  energy  than  the  free  electrons  and  leave  an energy  gap    around  the  Fermi  energy.  

For  temperatures  such  that  the thermal  energy is  less  than  this  band  gap,  the  material  exhibits  zero  resistivity.

≅ 10"z   eVLearning  from  superconductivity

There  are  no  electrons  with  this  energy

Density  of  states

Page 19: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Understanding  the  properties  of  gluons  is  one  of  the  major  challenges  of  Hadronic physics.

Soft  gluons  can  be  studied    with    the  Hamiltonian  formulation  of  QCD  in  a  physical   gauge  such  as  the  Coulomb  gauge  [5]: in  the  Coulomb  

gauge   all  degrees  of  freedom  are  physical

[5]  Adam  P.  Szczepaniak,  Eric  S.  Swanson  (University  of  Pittsburgh),   Phys.  Rev.  D  62,  094027

2)  QCD  Hamiltonian  in  Coulomb  gauge  𝑯;

1)  BCS  Ansatz for  the  QCD  vacuum  |𝛀 >;

Learning  from  superconductivity

Gluon  Dispersion  Model  

Page 20: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Gluon  Dispersion  Model  [6]  

[6]  Adam  Szczepaniak,  Eric S.  Swanson,  Chueng-­‐Ryong Ji,  and  Stephen  R.  Cotanch Phys.  Rev.  Lett. 76,  2011

gap  equation:  it    is    the  equation  that  determines  the  ground  state  of  the  systemΩ is  the  BCS  trial  vacuum

3)  Minimization  of  the    vacuum  energy  density  𝐄 =< 𝛀 𝑯 𝛀>

The  gluon  acquire  an  effective  mass

Page 21: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Gluon  Dispersion  Model  [6]  

[6]  E.  S.  Swanson  and  A.  P.  Szczepaniak,  Phys.  Rev.  D  59,  014035  (1999)  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.59.014035  

GeV

GeV

This  is  the  gluon  dispersion  relation  used  in  our  calculations

A  fit  to  the  numerical  solution  of  the  gap  equation  brings  to  the  Gluon  spectral  function  

Page 22: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  wave  function  of  the  hybrid  meson

The  hybrid  meson  wave  function  depends  on  the  three-­‐body  Jacobi  coordinates    𝝆 and  𝝀  which  encode  the  internal  motion  of  the  systemThe  hybrid  meson  wave  function  in  the  L-­‐S    coupling  scheme,  which  is  the  best  scheme  to  calculate  the  decay  widths

𝝆

𝝀

𝒎

𝑴

𝒎

Page 23: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Full  amplitude  for  the  decay  process  

Wave  functions  of  B,  Cand  hybridmesons:we  use  harmonic  oscillator  wave  functions

After  performing  the  coordinate  transformation

Page 24: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Full  amplitude  for  the  decay  process  

Hybrid  masses  from  lattice  [3]  and  meson  masses  from  PDG

[3]  L.  Liu,  G.  Moir,  M.  Peardon,  S.  M.  Ryan,  C.  E.  Thomas,  P.  Vilaseca,  J.  J.  Dudek,  R.  G.  Edwards,  B.  Joo,  and  D.  G.  Richards  (Hadron  Spectrum),   JHEP,  07,  126  (2012);

Page 25: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

The  spin-­‐recoupling  coefficients

Page 26: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

• 𝑆��� = 𝐽�5 + 𝐽��• 𝐿��� = 𝐽� + 𝑆���• Parity  and  charge  conjugation  

must  be  conserved

Preliminary  results: example  of  2"#(𝐻1)  hybrid  decay  widths  in  𝐷(*)𝐷(*)

…                …                    …                …            …                …                    …                …            

Page 27: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Preliminary  results: example  of  2"#(𝐻1)  hybrid  decay  widths  in  𝐷(*)𝐷(*)

10

Γ(MeV

2

xx

16

>th.

>th.

>th.

>th.

x  =  negligible

Page 28: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Two  experiments  designed  for  searching  hybrids    at  Jefferson  Lab

Gluex

MesonExprogram  with  CLAS12

These  two  experiments  are  complementary

Page 29: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Photoproduction of  high-­‐mass  mesonic states  (consisting  of  ordinary  mesons,  hybrids,  and  mesons  with  exotic  JPC)  using  Liquid  H2  and  light  nuclear  targets;  

Experimental  technique:  coincidence  measurement  between  CLAS12  (final  statehadrons)  and  Forward  Tagger  facility  (low-­‐angle  scattered  electron)

MesonExPhoton   tagged  by  detecting  the  scattered  electron  at  low  angles

Page 30: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Gluex

• The  linearly  polarized  photons    travel  into  the  GlueX detector,  with  some  interacting  in  the  liquid  hydrogen  target  → 𝛾  𝑝 collisions

both  the  energy  and  intensity  of  the  photon  beam  are  monitored

•  Photon  polarization  provides  constraints  on  production  processes  and  simplifies  the  PWA

Photon  produced   from  electron  Bremsstrahlung  in  diamond  crystal

Page 31: A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova...A.#Giachino (INFN#Genova) H.Garcia# Tecocoatzi , E.#Santopinto and#E.#Swanson The 15th International Conference on Meson -Nucleon Physics and the Structure

Thanks for your attention