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9
ASEAN
● 5
●
●
●
● 100
●
271
1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations: ASEAN
2010
2010
2
3
4 5
ASEAN
6
2
1.
OTC Over The Counter
2011 8 6,619
6,486 2013b
272
2.
1980
1997 1 2000
World Health
Organization: WHO Good Manufacturing Practice:
GMP WHO-GMP
WHO-GMP
2007 WHO GMP Current
GMP: CGMP
CGMP
GMP 2008
CGMP
2009
GMP
Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention / Pharmaceutical
Inspection Cooperation Scheme: PIC/S
2012 2014
1 2004 4 p.6
273
PIC/S
3.
20
1976
1972
1995 World
Trade Organization: WTO
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: TRIPS
2005 WTO
IMS Health 2010
2012
5
Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement: TPP
i ii
iii iv
4 WikiLeaks
2013 2
2 2012
274
3
1.
9-1
9-2
3 1
9-3
1990 3 1 1992
2
20%
9-2
2013b
9-4 2002
12% 50%
2009
Iizuka and Kubo 2011
0 30%
Iizuka 2007
275
9-1
9-2 2013
https://www.mof.go.jp/budget/reference/statistics/data.htm
2013 2012
26
https://www.mof.go.jp/budget/budger_workflow/budget/fy2014/seifuan26/05-09.pdf
1
2
276
9-3
9-4
http://www.jga.gr.jp/
1
2 2009 2008 2009
3 3 2011 11 2012
3
2013c
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/37-21.html
1
277
2000
9-1 2002
20
2006
2008
3 2
2009 2008
2002
20 2008
9-1 2000
2002 20
2003 DPC
2006
2008
http://www.kyoukaikenpo.or.jp/~/media/Files/oita/migration/cat030/h24/20120507-141807.pdf
278
2003 DPC Diagnosis Procedure Combination
9-4
2002 2012
9-4 2
2000 200 2010 700 900
DPC
Medical Representative: MR
2.
2018 3
40% 60%
2013a 2018
3
3 2011
279
2018
2014
70% 60%
2 2 14%
2014
4
3
2013b
1 50 100 2013b
1,000
2013b
3
4 2
280
2007 2011
GMP
GMP
ASEAN TRIPS
9-5
IMS Consulting Group 2012
9-5
2011
IMS Consulting Group 2012
281
9-5 ASEAN
ASEAN
5
GMP5 GMP
ASEAN
4
1. 2,946 2012
ASEAN 1 432
2009-2012 ASEAN
2013 75.7
3
2011 375 9,750 1 3 3,000
ASEAN Ministry of Health 2013a IMS Consulting Group
2012 6 5
34.2% 2010 Ministry of Health 2013a Jaafar et al. 2013
2012
3 9,000 1 3,700
Ministry of Health 2013a 1
30 1 150
Ministry of Health 2013b 5 GMP
6 2011 1 26
282
2009 1Care
Bridel 2012
1990
1997-98
Jaafar et al. 2013
Hassali and Wong
2014
2. 2012 1,140
Business Monitor International 2013 2012 516
45%
Bahri 2013
9-5 2011 54%
46% ASEAN
7 10 4
10 7
10 Elis 2013
9-6
69%
23% Elis
2013
1999
7 Schut and Van Bergeijk 1986 1975
283
55%
3 9-2
45%
Bahri 2013
Hassali and Wong 2014
9-6 2009
Elis 2013
2009 1 26
284
9-2
2008
2012
20mg
31.5 40.5 103.5 135.8 256.4 461.8
50mg
9.9 22.5 33.3 5.8 26.8 96.6
150mg
15.9 30 65.7 5.9 13.6 40.6
Shafie and Hassali 2008 100
http://www.jah.ne.jp/~kako/
1
2 2008 1 30
3. 9-7
61 1
2009 30
OTC
Fatokun et al. 2013
8
8 2013 11
285
Kotra Pharma
30 30
9-7 12 2009
5 ASEAN ASEAN
2013, 2014
ASEAN
Elis 2013
1
2 2009 1 26
3 13 377
286
2013 11
Economic Transformation
Program: ETP
ASEAN
Ng, Zhang, and de Breed 2012
287
6
GMP
60% 2018
ASEAN
ASEAN
ASEAN
ASEAN
288
289
2007 .
3 55-79
2009 . 2009 7 14
2011 .
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2014 1 31
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