1. Agricultural Innovation for Smallholder Rice Farming Systems
in Peatland Area to Support Food Security in Indonesia Rika Reviza
Rachmawati 000747135
2. The Importance of Tropical Peatland Tropical peatlands plays
an important role in carbon sequester Helps to mitigate climate
change Peat forest provides timber species such as Ramin
(Gongstylus), Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Jelutung. Homes to many
unique and diverse ecosystems. The majority of people use peatlands
for agriculture processed which include grazing, peat mining and
forestry, especially for bioenergy plantations (Joosten et al.,
2012). Literature Reviews
3. Tropical Peatlands in Indonesia Source: Wahyunto et al
(2003, 2004 and 2006).
4. Indonesia's peatlands are being deforested, drained, and
burned for oil palm and timber plantations, agriculture, and
logging activities. (Page, S., Rieley O.J and Banks, J. C 2011).
Peatlands have been especially vulnerable to such pressures;
extremely dry conditions in both the vegetation and high winds
enabled fires to easily ignite and spread (Someshwar, S., Boer, R.,
and Conrad, R., 2012). Challenges and Potential Future In Peatland
Area
5. Case Study In Central Kalimantan Millions hectares peatlands
have been drained and converted from forest to agricultural land
and palm plantations Many local farmers practice shifting
cultivation, they burned forestland to create plots of farming but
it became conflagration
6. Fire use in Peatland area Chokkalingam, U. and Suyanto
(October 2004). Fire, livelihoods and environmental degradation in
the wetlands of Indonesia: A vicious cycle.
7. Indonesian government in 1995 has Mega Rice Project (MRP) In
central Kalimantan with the purpose of aiming to converting forest
into rice fields Agricultural Innovation Rice farming Systems for
Smallholder farmers The MRP project was stopped due to continous
rice cultivation which proved to be immpossible this became a cause
for degradation in the peatland area The Mega rice project was
abandoned in 1999 and created an enormous pressure on the local
environment. The project failed as peat soils have a very different
structure from mineral soils
8. Sonor/Swamp Rice Cultivation in Southern Sumatera Sonor is a
system of traditional rice cultivation only during long drought
periods that allow complete burning Advantage of using Sonor
because less little expensive, labour force and maintenance. Most
of the communities that practise Sonor are local people, but
transmigrants also adopted the practice
9. Total Production of Sonor Cultivation From 1997 to 2000
(Source : Chokkalingam and Suyanto 2004)
10. Limited access to new knowledge Weak integration of social
and environmental concerns into sector planning and development
Weak organizational learning at the company, farmer, and
entrepreneur level. Weak connections to sources of financing for
innovation Many transmigrants admit that they did not have the
knowledge and skills needed for profitable agriculture and thus
growing rice on peatland with making a profit is hardly possible
Social Constrains
11. Rehabilitate Degraded Peatland for Agricultural
Sustainability Restoration in central Kalimantan: Mostly
hydrological damage as a impact of the uncontrolled drainage system
and severe peat fires Hardship due to limited funding
Rehabilitation requires long term commitment and funding
Rehabilitation with Dyera lowii, Shorea belageran and Alstonia
pneumatophore: Have the best performance in terms of survival and
grows Unfortunately, they raze by fires. Conservation: Reduce CO2
emission Rewetted (Complete rewetting is often very difficult or
even possible because drainage has irreversible changes in
peatlands)
12. What are key concerns for agriculture and food security in
peatland area in Indonesia? What kind agricultural innovation
technology for smallholder rice farming Systems relating with food
security in Indonesia? How to encourage local people as part of the
solution and stakeholders for restoration process in peatland? How
to rehabilitate degraded peatland to alleviate poverty in
Indonesia? How to overcome ecological constrains in peatland area?
Objectives
13. Quantitative analysis Household survey Choice Experiment
(CE) The main question was to what extent local communities would
be willing to change their land-use and how much compensation they
need . Research Strategy
14. Thank you
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One Million Hectrare Rice Project in Central Kalimantan, Idonesia,
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http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~acrs2001/pdf/126boehm.pdf. [Accesed 16
March 2013]. Chai, C. (2012). Proposed Restoration of Ramin
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Sarawak, Malaysia. Workshop on Peatlands sustainability at Bogor,
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