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NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION(AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION)
HUMAN MIGRATION OUT OF AFRICA
PALEOLITHIC & MESOLITHIC AGES Paleolithic-
“Old Stone Age.” Mesolithic-
“Middle Stone Age.” 2,000,000 BC – 10,000
BC- Hunter-Gatherers-
Searching for food. Nomadic-
Move around a lot. Men-
Hunt & fish. Women-
Gather fruits, nuts, roots.
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION Neo-
Means “new.” Lithic-
Means rock or stone). This is the New Stone Age-
Stones are used for tools, weapons, etc.
First Agricultural Revolution ever!
NEOLITHIC EXPANSION
GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS Advances in
agriculture- Creates stable food
supply. Permits
development of society.
Why is development of farming considered a “revolution”?
FOOD SUPPLY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
People are food gatherers- Not food producers.
Nomadic- Roaming existence.
Consume all food in area- Man moves on. Look for another food supply.
Follow migration patterns of herds- Deer, elk, bison, mammoths,
etc.
SHELTER BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
Nomads live on what environment can provide-
Live in Caves. Cave + Man = Caveman! Or temporary shelters made
of wood & hides.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD36ZhpHPpE
EARLY HUMAN SHELTER
SOCIAL STRUCTURE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
Social Structure is based on family-
A group of families is called a Clan.
E.g.: McLean Clan
ART & INNOVATION BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
Drawings & art work - Have been found.
Lascaux Cave Painting in France (17,000 years old!!!).
Primitive weapons & tools.
Sewing needles. Use of fire.
LIFE BEFORE THE AGRICULTUREREVOLUTION
Subsistence lifestyle- Supporting oneself at a
minimum level. Bare essentials.
Number 1 priority- Find food. Whole family (clan).
LANGUAGE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
Verbal communication used.
Symbols used to mark places of importance.
EARLY NEOLITHIC CULTURES
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE BAM!!! Man learns to farm-
Able to settle in one place!
Able to acquire more things!
Changes occur independently- All over the world!
Takes several thousand years.
FOOD SUPPLY AFTER THE REVOLUTION
Start food producing- Plant. Tend. Harvest. Store crops.
Domesticate animals- Used for food. Beasts of burden.
Hunting supplements the food supply.
SHELTER AFTER THE REVOLUTION
Mud bricks- Building material.
Eventually stones are used- Leads to rock being
quarried & cut for building.
Villages located near fields- Other reliable food
sources (rivers/sea) .
STONE WALLS
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AFTER THE REVOLUTION
Complex social structures develop- Many clans began living
in close proximity. Gender separation-
Men- Farm. Herd. Hunt.
Women- Work near home. Child-rearing Food preparation.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE CONTINUED.. Religion develops-
Explain the forces of nature.
Governments develop- Organize activities.
ART & INNOVATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION
Carving & statuary. Complex tools &
advances- Weapons. Plows pulled by animals. Building techniques. Cloth making & weaving.
Architecture/building- Religious or common use.
SPECIALIZATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION
People specialize in various tasks-
Tool maker. Stone cutter. Potter. Basket weaving. Early metallurgy
Regional resources are gathered & traded- Beginnings of
economics!
LANGUAGE AFTER THE REVOLUTION
Development of pictographic languages-
Egyptian Hieroglyphics Written language
(alphabet). Develop to keep
records- Food storage. Trade.
WHAT DO CITIES LEAD TO?
Cities
Specialized skills
Division of labor
Written language
CITIES LEAD TO…
Cities
Civilization
WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION? Civilization–
An advanced state- Intellectual development. Cultural development. Material development.
Progress in- Arts. Sciences.
Extensive use of record-keeping- Writing!!!
Complex political & social institutions.
FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Government –
Range from very basic to very complex.
Student council is considered a form of governing body.
Serve as central authority or makes decisions for group.
Individual or group. Some form of written
language- Record keeping became
necessary. Why?
FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Division of labor-
Specialization in jobs. Breakdown of work into tasks
or parts. Assigned to various people or
groups for purposes of efficiency.
Social classes or social hierarchy –
Determined by different things- Wealth. Power. Ethnicity.
FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION Advanced technical skills-
Inventions. Art & Architecture. An appreciation of
something that is more than just basic.
Religion or belief system– People who share similar
beliefs. May vary somewhat among
people. There is a core belief-
Reflected in religious beliefs as well.
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
CURRENT CIVILIZATIONS