View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What is Agriculture?
• Farmers are less than ____ of the population in the US, but they make food for _________________ of the population (food shipped to other countries)
• _______________ must be involved!
• In 1900’s, one farmer could feed ____ people. Today, 1 farmer can feed _______________!
History of Agriculture
• ______________• The first person to turn from the ____________
__________ lifestyle to _________ probably did so by using his bare ________, and perhaps some sticks or stones.
• _________ such as ______, ________, and _______________ were developed and used for thousands of years.
• During this time, almost ___________ worked in agriculture because each family could _______ ______________________ for themselves.
History of Agriculture• ___________________________
• With the Industrial Revolution and the development of more _______________ __________, farming methods advanced.
• Instead of harvesting grain by hand with a sharp blade, __________________ cut a continuous path.
• Instead of ___________ the grain by beating it with sticks, machines separated the ________ from the _______________
History of Agriculture• _______________• Power was originally supplied by _________ or
other _____________. • With the invention of steam power came the
___________________• Agricultural _____________ took over the heavy
________________________.• The steam-powered machines were low-
powered by today's standards but ___________ _______________________
• Their slow speed led farmers to comment that tractors had two speeds: "slow, and darn slow."
History of Agriculture
• ______________________________• __________, and later _______________
became the main source of power for the next generation of tractors.
• These engines also contributed to the development of the self-propelled, combined harvester and thresher, or _____________ for short.
Mechanization
• Mechanization: ______________________________ ___________________
• _____________ clearing soil, tilling soil, planting seeds, cultivating crops, harvesting crops
Mechanization
• Harvesting- _______________________ ___________________
• _________ cut plant, separate the grain, and package stalks all at once
• -__________________________ farmers can produce
• -huge ____________________________!
Mechanization• GPS = ________________________• Receivers, computers and satellites determine
_____________ of object on earth• Placed in tractors and combines to ________
________________• -get ________________ furrows (rows),
less compacting soil, no overlap of pesticides• -also ___________ sections of fields and
__________________ (more water, pesticides etc)
How has productivity changed?
• Productivity: ____________________ (~35 L or 60 lbs) _____________
• 1830: 250-300 hours, 5 acres of land, all work by hand• 1890: 40-50 hours• 1930: 15-20 hours• 1955: 6-12 hours• 1965: 5 hours• 1975: 3.75 hours• 1987: 3 hours, 3 acres, all mechanized
• _________________________________
Dairy Farming• Produces _______________________
• Milk flows from ____________ through ___________ to milk house for processing
• Feed conveyers, ______________, and ____________ have made task easier
• In past, one cow produce milk for __ people
• -now, one cow makes milk for __ people
What about all the poop?
• _________ is separated and solids applied to fields, liquid used as _________
• -often stored in _________ and treated with ________ to make ____________
• ___________ from manure is collected and used to _________________
Aquaculture
• Raising of _________________________ _______________ in a controlled water environment
• Water temp and chemistry and ______ _______________ are controlled
• Results in ___________________ that _____________
Aquaculture Facts
• Facts:
• _____________ is farmed and imported
• 32% of marine organisms are farmed
• China is world leader in aquaculture
• What is farmed? Carp, Salmon, Oysters, Clams
Aquaculture Benefits
• Increased ___________/ _______ of organism/ efficiency
• ____________________ and maintains natural populations
• Meets ________________ in ______________________
• ____________ success • Decreased dependence on _________
products
Aquaculture
• Local Examples:
• BC has __________________, started in 1971
• BC is _____ largest producer of farmed salmon
• __________________ dollar market
Environmental Concerns
• 1. Seals can ______ tightly packed salmon through nets _________________
• -farmers began ______________ seals (now banned)
• -now used “acoustic harassment devices” that can __________________
• -sounds have ______________ many ____________________ from natural territory
Environmental Concerns
• 2. ____________ flow ___________ into natural habitat
• -many ________________________ produced in salmon farms __________ to wild fish
• -farmed fish treated with __________ but still _____________ to wild salmon
Environmental Concerns
• 3. Epidemics of _____________
• -billions of lice spread to _____________ as they enter the ocean from streams
• -one study found that ____ of wild fish near fish farms had ___________________
Environmental Concerns
• 4. _____ are coated with ___________, which is ingested by farm fish
• 5. Ivermectin antibiotic for sea lice is __________ in high quantities
• -accumulates on bottom of ocean, where _________ and other organisms ingest it
Environmental Concerns
• 6. ____________!
• -__________________ to wild fish
• -since they are larger, they _____________ wild fish
• -______________________ by mating with wild fish
Pesticides
• A _____________ is a substance or mixture of substances used to __________
• Although there are _________ to the use of pesticides, there are also _________, such as potential __________________ and other animals
Pesticide Variety• Algicides or Algaecides for the control of algae • Avicides for the control of birds • Bactericides for the control of bacteria • Fungicides for the control of fungi and oomycetes • Herbicides for the control of weeds • Insecticides for the control of insects - these can be Ovicides
(substances that kill eggs), Larvicides (substances that kill larvae) or Adulticides (substances that kill adult insects)
• Miticides or Acaricides for the control of mites • Molluscicides for the control of slugs and snails • Nematicides for the control of nematodes • Rodenticides for the control of rodents • Virucides for the control of viruses
Holy variety,Batman!
Agricultural Pesticides• Pesticides can ________________ by
____________ crop losses to _________ and other pests; in the US, farmers get a ______________________ they spend on pesticides
• One study found that _________ pesticides ________ crop yields by about _____
• Another study found that a _____ on pesticides may result in a _____ of food prices, ___________, and an ___________ _________________
Pesticide Enviro Concerns• Over ____ of sprayed insecticides and ____ of
herbicides reach a destination _____________ ____________, including non-target species, air, water, bottom sediments, and _______.
• _______________ occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are ________ _____________, potentially contaminating them.
• Pesticides cause _____________, and some pesticides are ___________ organic pollutants and contribute to __________________.
Pesticide Health Concerns
• Each year, ____________ in agriculture in the developing world experience severe ____________________ and _________ ______!
• According to one study, as many as ____ ____________ workers in developing countries may suffer ________________ ___________ yearly
An Example - DDT
• Used in WWII to __________________
• Used for years as an ____________
• Accumulates in animals at ____________ _______, causing many deaths in _________ and _________
• Linked to many types of _________
• Banned in US in _____, but still around…