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This is the grammar final project of for the English students of the second level of the University of Panama - Aaguadulce Extension. We hope you can enjoy this magazine.
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DECEMBER 2013Special EditionVOLUME 1 • ISSUE 1
What a Beautiful
Town...
Aguadulce’sWorld
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CONTENT
2 Editorial
3 Where Am I?
7 Business
11 Fashion
14 Problems
18 Health
20 Review
22 The English week 2013
24 Sports
26 Entertaiment
27 English Grammar Tips
Cover by John Navarro
Editorial by John Navarro
Editor: John Navarro
Production Coordinator: Professor Gilma de De Leon
Designer: John Navarro
EDITORIAL
Life takes us in unexpected ways. Every day, just pay some attention to what happens around us, we covered with fascinating and completely different stories that make us reflect on the diversity of needs, tastes and motivations that human beings have. Let’s start by getting to know our town, the wonderful places it has, where we can do many things. The trade that even a little, is very reliable and which we can be satisfied. Its fashion, which is varied in each person.Furthermore, as everywhere, know some of the problems that are affecting our beloved “Aguadulce”, some health, social and so on. At the same time, we will talk about sports and some relevant stories during this year 2013.To sum up, we will also give some English Grammar tips.I hope you enjoy this magazine.
Beautiful, magical, unreal, so feel this wonderful district
located in the central provinces of Panama, a hidden treasure that allows us to appreciate a wonderful meeting in people.
Life Experiences
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STELLA SIERRA MUSEUM
Charge: Elsie Cordoba
Phone Number: +5079974280
Hours:Tuesday to Sunday. From 9: 00 am to 4: 00 pm.
General Admision:Adults: Bl/. 0.75Children: Bl/. 0.25School Groups: Bl./ 5.00
Stella Sierra Museum(Museo de la Sal y el Azúcar)
This is an ecological museum. it reflects the economic platform of the community where we talk about the most important elements that occur in this region: SALT AND SUGAR, among some other important historical aspects of interest to “Aguadulceños” and visitors.
Where Am I? By Anel Aguilar & Elena González
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Coffee Grinder
Showroom
Floor: Room Pre-Columbian (Aguadulce Archeological Pieces).
Historical Hall (Document, pictures of famous people and historical people data).
Salt Industry Chamber (Salt production data from Indian
time, tools, models, and harvest today).
Sugar Industry Chamber (Origin data cultivation of sugarcane, sugar mills, the production process and derived from sugarcane.
Where Am I? By Anel Aguilar & Elena González
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Rodolfo Chiari
Park
This amazing park is dedicated to one of the greatest political figures of our country. Rodolfo Chiari was an magnificient and illustrious President of Panamá and he gave many things to the town of
Aguadulce.
This is a park that has a lot of trees and you can go to take a walk, talk with your family or friends. In this place you can spend you time very
peaceful.
Where Am I? By Anel Aguilar & Elena GonzálezWhere Am I? By Anel Aguilar & Elena González
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IN THE DRY SEASON, you could visit to the two best pool in Aguadulce. Both are located in hotels; one in the
Interamericano Hotel. This one has the capacity for almost 30 people. It has furnitures, a small bar and private bathrooms.Other one is located in the Carisabel Hotel; it is smaller than the first one
but is also a nice pool where you can enjoy with your family and spend a special time or just for fun. So you should take into account our recommendations for the dry season.
October 19 Park
Aguadulce as an urban town has a central square that concentrates booming commercial city, its main park was named in honor to its foundation day “October 19”. In this park many people go to have some fun time. You can go skating, cycling, and so forth. Aguadulce has several places where you might go in your free time. Just it’s up to you to select which one is the best for you.
WHERE AM I?
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If you want to keep safe your money, we recommend you GLOBAL BANK, located at Rodolfo Chiari avenue next to Banco Nacional de Panama. it is categorized as Banking and Finance zone. They offer you a lot of options for saving accounts.If you are worried for safety issues, when you are using ATM, we recommend you BBVA, located beside to the GlOBAL BANK.
SUPER CARNES is considered one of the most inexpen-sive supermarket of Aguadulce, located at Alejandro Tapia Avenue. It is a line of supermarket that has created the cheapest way to buy for Agua-dulceños, offering “From the producer to the Consumer”, as its slogan says.
BUSSINESS By Lilibeth Chanis
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EGOSLINE INTERNETit is an Internet Café that can be the best quantity. About quality, we may as well recommend EVOLUTION INTERNET; But the print quality is the best and the cheapest also.
INTERNET CAFÉIn Aguadulce we can find a lot of Internet Cafes that offer us a plethora of options in order to solve all the necessities we want. So, it is important that you must know EGOSLINE INTERNET. This is a very complete place that offer you services as impressions, scannners, photocopies and computer repair services. Also, we can mention that it is some of the cheapest Internet of Cafe of Aguadulce.
To sum up, there are playstation video games, souvernirs, magazines cell-phones sales, school supplies and much more.
we are completely sure this is a great Internet Café and where you can find whatever stuff you need.
Pharmaceutical Services
VIDA Y SALUD PHARMACY is considered one of the best pharmacies of Aguadulce because of its full services on drugs. we can find VIDA
Y SALUD pharmacy at Alejandro Tapia Escobar Avenue. it also has an assortment of ladies’ bag line, jewelry and a complete baby´s items.
If you are looking for a 24 hours pharmacy go to JEMA PHARMACY, located near to Super Pisos. They serve you all day and night.
courtesy of PHO
TO SO
URCE
BUSSINESS By Lilibeth Chanis
carmen jones
cour
tesy
of P
HO
TO S
OU
RCE
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BAKERIES
Bread is a staple food that is part of the traditional diet in America and the Aguadulceños, it doesn’t change. One of the most visited bakery is La Moderna, in which you can try delicious cakes, pies and ice creams as well.. It is located next to the Caja de Ahorros. Don’t hesitate to try their specialties.
BUSSINESS By Malvis Torres
HOTELSIf you are exhausted and want a place to rest, the best place is the Interamericano Hotel. This is a HOTEL that dates back to the 1960s, with the comfort of a modern society, , offering lodging, restaurant, BAR, Conference Hall and above all, a beautiful swimming pool, located in the the Interamericana main road.
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You do not recognize the importance of having close to your house a Laundromat. To have the clothes clean and ready for wearing every day is a really difficult thing and it is unaware and consuming time; Such as, when one lives alone, or in pairs, and we lack the means to buy a washing machine. Of course, in this conditions, it is not possible to live in society without ever wash garments that we use to perform our social roles; and Aguadulce is not a society far away to those demands. So if you have the need for a laundry service. We recommend you Yenny Laundry, located across from the Park on October 19th, its timetalbe is very accesible.
RestaurantsSome of the restaurants more crowded in this place are various but if you want to eat something while you are on the La Caleta beach can sign the return for the Queen of the sea restaurant. It opening hours 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. his specialties are the shrimp dishes.
But if you are in Aguadulce square you can book restaurant Manolos. The restaurant has 14 tables inside and several outside; you can also find various dishes such as salads, desserts, light dinner and its speciality is pizza; many people come to eat and to go.
LaundryBUSSINESS By Malvis Torres
Whether you want to buy a variety of items, and not walk to much we recommend JORDANIA STORE that offers you: clothing for women, men, children and babies; items for home, appliances, stereos, fancy toys, perfumes, ornaments, gifts, sports, school and a well-stocked refresqueria. It is located in the Rodolfo Chiari Avenue in front of the Municipality building.
JORDANIA STORE
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For a SUMMER PARTY in the garden, you opt for a short dress with cleavage, supplemented with printed of small flowers and a belt at the waist. The mix of floral and paisley gives a different touch to the dress. You can add a jacket and boots to go for a field´s trip, plus a leather bag.
Now a versatile “look” with shorts printed, and a long sleeve blouse in electric blue color. Match it with black color shoes and a small bag of the same color. You can
even opt for a plain-colored shorts with a blouse knotted at the waist white color, straw beach bag and a wooden platform sandals with studded details.
Fashion Tips For Summer...Do you need comfortable clothing but stylish for summer?...
Summer is the best season to socialize, arrange for and attending parties and have a lot of fun with friends. In summer, you want to dress up fashionably without compromising your comfort. Here are some top fashions trends that can make you look stylish and stay comfortable...
The aquamarine is one of the colors that we get in summer; it will not be difficult because in winter clothes you can also combine this tone with the more typical black or gray winter colors. This combination of shorts in mint or green-aqua colors and
orange blouse or in the same color in another shade is a bold choice for a weekend, to walk with friends. You might wear it withwith h e e l e d black shoes and dark s u n g l a s s e s .
FASHION By Nelva Vasquez, Yasmara Cruz & Carlina López
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JORDANIA STORE
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In summer the colors come to take away the limelight from the dark colors that we used in winter. Yellow is one of the colors that can´t miss in your closet. So, you can try this Chic combination , a yellow sleeveless blouse with a baggy fabric printed pant, that can be accompany with small earrings, purse and high heels in pearl black. You can also combine it with a long sleeve shirt silk.
Not only completely the white is the trend for this season, you should also carry a “Look”, that combine white with black , a color more winter, but that in summer cause rage. A pant leggings with a silk
blouse in blue or black, accompanied with a jacket in white. This is outfit Black & White.
White is a color that goes with everything and is a very good option to combine with pants of colors.It makes an excellent contrast and to complement the “look”, you might wear heeled shoes in the same color. A more formal style but at the same time fashion, is using a blazer which gives it a completely different look for a dinner or an evening event. Pair it well with small earrings and flower patterned purse.
FASHION By Nelva Vasquez, Yasmara Cruz & Carlina López
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STEPS FOR YOU HAVE A
SMOOTH SKIN THIS SUMMER
1- Hydrate with oil-free moisturizer. If the skin is too oily, don´t use the moisturizer all over, only you use a little around eye area.
2- Use with a velour powder puff pressing the powder into the skin. This helps the face to stay matted and the foundation to stay in place longer.
3. Use waterproof, from foundation to concealers, sweat, tears.
This is a great tip for both summer and winter. Before applying eye shadow applies a primer, this will help to keep the pigment in place and prevent any build up.
For the summer casual look, use a dark brown or black mascara to add some definition and open up the eyes; preferably a mascara curly, and always use a waterproof formula to minimize the chance of smudges and flakes. Summer colors you MUST
have in your nails
Have fun and experiment with colors. The summer is the perfect time to try something more daring like Aruba Blue or Turquoise & Caicos, or stick to the classics with allure for a sheer finish as coral red/orange mix. Also you can wear a shimmering lacquer on the nail of each ring finger that catches the light like a piece of jewelry.
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FASHION By Nelva Vasquez, Yasmara Cruz & Carlina López
Do you want to enjoy the summer with a lipstick that can withstand kissing, drinking, eating without reapplying for many hours?
Follow those Seven Steps for Lasting Lipcolor for a funny summer without need a special lipstick…
Prep the lips by exfoliating. Moisturize with a lip conditioning treatment. Apply concealer to the lip area and into the outline of the lips. Blot any excess lipstick Apply a translucent HD powder over the lips using a fluffy brush. Reapply lipstick and enjoy.
SUMMER STYLE
The golden rule is to use very minimum, adding product as needed. Too much product can be counterproductive.
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In Aguadulce,” There are a lot of drugs on the streets, mainly addressed by youths who have lost respect for their parents and, therefore, to law enforcement,” On the other hand, the resident of El Roble, said that it is not easy to report incidents that occur in some communities in his district.
“ Everyone in the town knows you can retaliate against”. “In the afternoon, at at El Roble, Jaguito and La Loma bus stopthere are negative elements that distribute drugs,” This issue raises concerns because they are minors who are affected by the trafficking and sale of drugs.
For the Aguadulceños in recent years quarrels, scandals and drug distribution have increased. Jorge Herrera who is representing Barrios Unidos township in Aguadulce, said that, one of the the hardest hit by the gangs, it is
always concern of any type of crime in the communities.
Herrera said that a few months ago, he was informed to make a sports football league for shootings registered before. Although, there was
no
sale of liquor.Therefore, the representative asked the National Police set up a checkpoint and Barrios Unidos control. Perhaps, it could be the most dangerous township in Aguaulce.In contrast to the version of community leaders, the chief of the police chief in the province of Cocle, commissioner Eric Amaya said that the crime rate in Aguadulce dropped in recent months.
“The peace in Aguadulce has been affected as a result of the big problems that are confronting the district.”
PROBLEMS IN AGUADULCE By Roselis Flores
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Water Problems
Aguadulce District Residents face problems with water supply because the water treatment plant Chaplaincy in Nata, no longer cope.A plant that supplies the Río Chico has only one or two years of life. After that, the system cannot meet the growing demand of the population. The water treatment plant, which was built 40 years ago, can no longer meet the needs of the 39 thousand available to the district of Aguadulce.The plant only produces 3.5 million gallons of water per day, so 24 wells have been drilled to supply water to other communities in the south of the province of Cocle. In view of this reality, the Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (IDAAN) had to ration by sector, water supply.
Another Problem
It was possible to verify the existence of vari-ous waste accumulation points, pruning, and residential construction, as well as the poor con-dition of the fencing of abandoned construction sites that pose a danger to pedestrians and vehicles. In general terms it is evi-dent the poor condition of the asphalt and the serious shortcomings in accessibility (especially in the excessive slopes of sidewalks) that complicate The disability condition of many people´s life.
Fogarty believes that the search for alternatives, in the medium term, to ensure that water reaches all people.One solution, proposed IDAAN officials, is to bring the water from the Santa Maria River, which has a rate higher than the Chico River.Aguadulce IDAAN manager, said that, for the time, he is committed to accomplish this.
However, He makes us sure that, within a period not exceeding eighteen months; according the studies and tests, there is a solution to the shortage. “We must remember that every project must be accompanied by a budget for your run, and it takes time too,” said the official.
PROBLEMS IN AGUADULCE By Roselis Flores PROBLEMS IN AGUADULCE By Roselis Flores
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English Students of the Second Level 2013
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English Students of the Second Level 2013
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NOVEMBER 14 MARKS THE WORLD DIABETES DAY
All November 14 marks the World Diabetes Day ( WDD ), which is an event that serves to raise awareness of diabetes which means growth and morbidity and how to prevent the disease .The chosen date, November 14, to commemorate the DMD coincides with the birthday of Frederick Banting , who played an important role in the discovery of insulin , a hormone that allows treating people with diabetes.According to WHO, it is estimated that worldwide there are 346 million people with diabetes.
SOMETHING ABOUT THE DESEASE
Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body ‘s ineffective use of it produces.It is called hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar. The effect of uncontrolled diabetes is hyperglycemia
(increased blood
sugar). Over time this increase in blood sugar can damage organs especially the nerves and blood vessels.Types. Currently there are type 1 diabetes, type 2, and gestational deterioration of glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose .
TYPE 1 DIABETES, meanwhile, is also called insulin-dependent, juvenile or childhood onset. This is characterized by having deficient insulin
production and requires
daily administration of the hormone. It is not known what causes it. Some of its symptoms are: thirst (polydipsia ), intense hunger ( polyphagia ) , weight loss , visual disturbances and fatigue. Symptoms can appear suddenly.
TYPE 2 DIABETES,, which is also called non-insulin dependent or adult onset , is due to ineffective use of insulin. This is about 90 % of cases of diabetes worldwide. To a large
extent, is due to excess
body weight and physical inactivity. Presents with symptoms similar to type 1 diabetes, but often less intense. Presents with symptoms similar to type 1 diabetes, but often less intense. Many times this disease can be diagnosed when it’s been several years they maintained and complications have appeared.
HEALTH & INTEREST By Lizkeylys Orantes & Evelyn Díaz
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COMPLICATIONS
Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, kidneys and nerves. For example, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke (CVA). Neuropathy of the feet with the reduced blood flow increase the risk of ulcers of the feet that can be
complicated and even result in amputation.Another complication is diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness and is the result of damage to small blood vessels in the retina that accumulates over time. After 15 years of diabetes, approximately 2 % of people become blind and 10 %
develop severe visual impairment.Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure. A 10-20 % of people with the disease die from it.About 50 % of people with diabetes can
have neuropathy, which is caused by nerve damage as a result of illness and can cause symptoms such as pain, tingling, numbness or weakness in the extremities.
Another type is the so-called gestational diabetes, which is displayed or hyperglycemic state is detected for the first time during pregnancy.
HEALTH & INTEREST By Lizkeylys Orantes & Evelyn Díaz HEALTH & INTEREST
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operated in the sea since earlier times, and its existence was revealed to Europeans by Balboa.According to Alfredo Castillero, the Southern fleet consisted of Galleons usually built in Guayaquil, where in Spanish times, had its headquarters in the main South American shipyard. In spite of the fact
that the isthmus was a very important maritime center, besides that, wood was abundant and there were small shipyards, there were no built galleons the fleet in Panama (although brigs and minor ships were built in there).The army of the south, normally set sail from the peruan port of El Callao to Panama in April or May. It carried the treasure of the Crown and the others goods as well as officials, merchants and other individual travelers. For safety reasons, historians such as Araúz and Pizarro said that for using the favorable effects of the winds and currents, the way to the isthmus skirted the coast. The journey from Peru took between fifteen and thirty days.
Discovery of the South Sea“Celebrating the 500 years of
dicovering”Once in Panama, the goods that were destined to Spain were transported on donkeys through the isthmus from the Camino Real to Nombre de Dios (nowadays Portobelo). An alternated route, normally wasn´t used for the Real treasure, started from Panama to Venta de Cruces and then it used the Chagres River until its river mouth.
Review Page By Blanca Argueta & Diobelis Garcia
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According to Araúz and Pizarro, in the journeys back to Panama, the southern fleet carried “Fabric, iron, manufacturing, clothing, oil wine and other European articles. Also, it was probably that it carried Panamanian highly prized items in other pacific ports, said Castillero Calvo. In the exported cargo from Panama, this would not been unusual to find hardwoods used in construction works, especially appreciated in Lima; Pita, that is a plant from which a resistant
fiber is extracted to more the purpure, a very expensive dye (precisely of that same color); Pearls, that were abundant in our South sea, a great quantity of beef tallow used to make candles and soaps; butter and salty meat; medicinal plants even brooms. Although the Cargo that lines the South Sea and
from Panama has different composition nowadays , the navigation for the South American Pacific still give boost to the economies of the region, an in Spanish domain times.
The main antecedent of that very important route for the isthmus and our sister republics of Chile, Peru, Ecuador and
Colombia goes back, precisely, to Balboa’s expeditim 500 years ago that went through Darien looking for an fabulous ocean; event held in Panama that contributed, in a significant way, to define the contours of the modern world.
crash
Review Page By Blanca Argueta & Diobelis Garcia
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The English Week was celebrated in November in the University of Panama - Aguadulce Branch. Theme of the English Week was “ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD. Like every year,
There were four International judges; all of them native English speakers who decided the winners of the contest. Furthermore, the four English levels represented to four diferent countries and they made stands according to each country selected by them-self.
The Mr. and Mrs. English 2013
John Navarro &
María FernandaPardo
the all English students could participate in the contest to select the Mr. and Mrs. English 2013. This contest was based on the best speech that each par-ticipant told to the public.
THE ENGLISH WEEK 2013 By John Navarro
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As in every great event there is a special person who is behind of everything and this is not the exception. In this case the Profes-sor Gilma De De Leon was the coordinator of this mega event. In the picture we can see her in the middle of the four judges. Thank to her and other profes-sors and students the
In the three images above we observe some of the stands made by the students accord-ing to the country selected by themself. On the other hand, during this week stu-dents had the opportunity of having a conference with
English Week could be cel-ebrated in a special way in the University of Panama - Aguadulce Branch.
Miss Abigail Bruhlmann who explained several things of the English cul-ture and how to become fluent in English.
THE ENGLISH WEEK 2013 By John Navarro
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Some weeks ago began the famous soccer league here in Aguadulce. The competition is among different teams from the own communities of the town, which is leaded by the well-known lawyer Erick Deel. Erick has promised that this tournament will be one of the
most exciting competitions of this year. Furthermore, it expects to be more than just soccer teams playing in their communities. It pretends to improve the performance and skills of each team in the field.
There eight teams that will be participating in this competition. Also, there are various stages to pass the first round and get the second one. And at the end, just four teams will be chosen to play and fight to be the winner. This tournament has multiples branches
or soccer fields in the main soccer playground of Aguaculce.
On the other hand, we have the Chinese sport picture that is in Los Marineros in Aguadulce. In this
soccer playground the best soccer teams of Aguadulce play and can win up to 500 dollar in the first place, 300 in the second one, and 100 in the third one. Besides, each team get a wonderful trophy.
SPORTS By Jaime Tapia
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LITTLE BASEBALL LEAGUE_____________AGUADULCE, IN ECUADOR.
They traveled to Ecuador with the great mission to win the competition; Between Ecuador and Aguadulce where our team got 10 races and Ecuador 0. Furthermore, the small league got another great satisfaction for their town when they won in the great final game with Venezuela for 2 races.With this victory, they represented to Aguadulce- Panama and won the ticket to be the second consecutive year to the tournament Williamsport World, Pennsylvania, representing to Latin America.Jean Winning pitcher Mark Sanchez was the only one who won the play. All of these games were broadcast on Radio Poderosa from Guayaquil, Ecuador.Recall that all these kids range from 11-12 years.Among our ballplayer champions may be mentioned: Jean Mark Sanchez, Jean Cornejo, Edgar Rosales, Carmelo Cruz, José González, Jordán Agrazal, Edgardo Rosales,Among the outstanding pitchers
Little Baseball LeagueAGUADULCE: IN WILLIAMSPORT,
PENNSYLVANIA.
Panama is participating for the eight times in Wil-liamsport World, Pennsyl-vania.The delegation consists of 14 players and three coaches, being the di-rector Professor Luis González. They were visited by the Panamanian MLB Philadelphia Phillies Carlos “Calicho” Ruiz.At Williamsport, Aguadul-ceño team representing Latin America received the cards, uniforms colored purple, white and yellow, and sporting equipment for each as: bats, shoes for play, and gloves.
Among the outstanding pitchers we have:Rafael Eysseric and Juan Diego Crisp, who has great performance with his Aguadulce team.This team is led by Professor Luis Gonzalez, the director says: “We have made several new friends who have left us with a good team concept’s Defense, offense and pitching great advances reflected” also says: “Our goal is to retain the title of 2012 “.In this 2013, have repeated five players, which are:Rafael Eissseryc, Jordan Agrazal, Juan Diego Crisp, Jean Mark Sanchez and Daniel Fernandez.We have players with great qualities.
LITTLE HEROESThanks to the excellent participation of these little champions, the baseball in Aguadulce, Panama, has been raised again, opening the eyes of many and serve as inspiration for the future generations who love this type of games.
SPORTS By Jaime Tapia SPORTS By Franklin Gómez
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In the puzzle below there are 20 words from this chapter. 1.What is full of holes, and
holds water?
2.Who shaves many times a day, and still has a beard?
3.what is full at night and empty in the daytime?
4.When is a piece of Wood like a King?
5.When does water stop running downhill?
6. Where was Bill when the lights when out.
Vocabulary and Spelling Puzzle
ENTERTAIMENT By Madelenne Pinzón
RIDDLES
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RIDDLES
ENGLISH GRAMMAR TIPS By John Navarro
This section is for those who want to learn a little bit of the English Grammar. I have decided to share with you of low-intermediate to high-intermediate level of gram-mar that will provide you the post-intermediate learner with an integrated set of skills for global communication. I hope you can enjoy the fascinating experience of learning English. “to have another language is to possess a second soul” by charlemagne.
Verbs that can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive.
With a change in meaning:forget + gerund = forget some-thing that happened.forget + infinitive = forget some-thing that needs to be done.Regret + gerund = regret a past action.Regret + infinitive = regret hav-ing to inform someone about an action.Remember + gerund = remember something that happened.Remember + infinitive = Re-memeber something that needs to be done.Stop + gerund = stop a continu-ous action.Stop + infinitive = stop in order to do something.Without change in meaning:Begin, can’t stand, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, startm and try.
Gerunds and Infinitives
Gerunds: a gerund functions as a noun. A gerund or gerund phrase can be the subject of a sentence, a direct or indirect object, a subject complement, or the object of a preposition. * Living a balanced life is about integrating all parts pf it. (subject) * I love spending time with my family. (direct object) * The best part of life is learning new things. (subject complement) * Here are some tips for getting a healthy perspective on life. (object of a preposition)Infinitives: an infinitive also functions as a noun. An infinitive or infinitive phrase can be the subject of a sentencem, but infinitives as subjects are often considered awkward. It is more common to use an impersonal “it” as the subject. * To be honest is not always easy. (subject) OR it isn’t always easy to be honest.An infinitive or infinitive phrase can be a direct object or a subject complement. * I want to feel less stressed. (direct object) * my favorite thing is to spend time with friends. (subject complement)An infinitive or infinitive phrase can express a purpose. * Make time to relax. * We stopped to buy some gas.
Parallelism with Gerunds and Infinitives
A common error in formal written English is mixing gerunds and infinitives when listing items in a series. A list of items should either be all gerunds or all infinitives. * When I take time off from work, I prefer relaxing at home, spending time with my family and getting things done around the house. NOT I prefer relaxing at home spending time with my family and to get things done around the house. * I can’t stand getting up late and missing the bus. NOT I can’t stand getting up late and to miss the bus.In a series, either use “to” with all the infinitives or only with the first one. * When I take time off from work, I prefer to relax at home, spend time with my family, and get things done around the house. NOT When I take time off from work, I prefer to relax at home, spend time with my family, and to get things done around the house.
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR TIPS By John Navarro
If you’ve always won-dered what is the differ-ent among “say”, “tell”, and “ask”; HERE a little bit of explanation for you.
Say and ask are the most common reporting verbs in direct speech. Use say for atatements and ask for ques-tions.
“I completely disagree with the president on this gov-ernment,” said the education minister.“Who do they think is in control of this government?” asked the president.
Note the use of say, ask, and tell in indirect speech.
She said (to the press) that she completely disagree with the president.She asked (the press) if they disagree with the president.She told the press that she completely disagree with the president.
Modals and Modal-like Expressions
Make polite requests * Could I get your phone number? * Can my son have just one more cookie? * Would you please hold this for a second? (With you only) * May I have a cup of coffee? (With I or We only, formal)Express preferences * I would like to see that movie. * Would you like to go running? * I’d rather not see a movie. * I would rather have left earlier.Give or ask for permission * You can open the window if you want. * Can I leave this here? * You may leave early if you need to. * May I leave my coat here? (With I or We only, formal)Express ability or lack of ability * He can complete the job for you in an hour. * Can you write wekk in English? * Couldn’t you find the restaurant? * Is she able to take care of herself?
Adverbs of Manner
Adverbs of manner show how something is done or happens. They usually go at the end of a clause when the adverb provides important information in the sen-tence. * He ate his dinner slowly. She sings really well.Adverbs of manner engind in -ly can go before the verb or verb phrase when they are not the main focus of the sentence. * I slowly opened the door. (focus is on opening the door) * I opened the door slowly. (focus is on how the door was opened) * He angrily hung up the phone. (focus in on hanging up the phone) * He hung up the phone angrily. (focus in on how the phone was hung up)Adverbs of manner can go before the past participle in the passive voice. * His report was very poorly written.BE CAREFUL! Do not place and adverb of manner between a verb and a direct object. * He drank his coffee quickly. NOT He drank quickly his coffee.
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Here there are some words or phrases that I guess you didn’t know yet and they can help you to improve your English.
* A sweet heart: someone who is likable and easy to get along with.* A team player: someone who works well with other people so the whole group is successful.* A brain: someone who is intelligent and can solve problems that are difficult for others.* A people person: someone who likes being with and works well with other people.* A tyrant: someone, especially a boss, who makes people work extremely hard.* A workaholic: someone who is always working and does not have time for anything else.* A pain in the neck: someone who com-plains a lit and often causes problems.* A wise guy: someone who says or does annoying things, especially to make himself or herself seem smarter than other people.* Gifted: having a natural ability to do one or more things extremelly well.* Energetic: very active, physically and mentally.* Imaginative: able to think of new inter-esting ideas.* Passionate: showing a strong likin for something and being vey dedicated to it.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR TIPS By John Navarro
* Eccentric: behaving in an unusual way or appearing different from most people.* Difficult: never satisfied and hard to please-* Moody: quickly and easily becoming annoyed or unhappy.* Egotistical: Believing oneself to be better or more important than other people.* A big spender: someone who likes to spend large amounts of money.* A spendthrif: someone who spends money carelessly, especially when he or she doesn’t have a lot of it.* A cheapskate / a tightwad: someone who does not like spending money and can be unpleasant about it.* Generous: Willing to give more money, time, etc., than is expected.*Cheap / stingy: unwilling to spend or give money, even when one has a lot of it.* Browse: take one’s time looking at goods in a shop without necessarily to buy anything.* Bargain-hunt: look around for goods that one can buy cheaply or for less than their usual price.* Window-shop: look at goods in store windows without going inside or in-tending to buy them.* Haggle / bargain: discuss tha mount of money one is willing to pay for some-thing.* Shop around / comparison shop: go to different stores in order to compare the prices and quality of things so one can decide which to buy.
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