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AHSGE Section 3
Terms Section 3.1Colony – an area under the control of a distant
countryThe Spanish Century – a 100 year period that
began after 1492 in which Spain was the dominant power in the New World
America – name given to the New WorldConquistadors – Spanish adventurers and
conquerors in the New WorldSt. Augustine – fort built by the Spanish in
Florida to protect shipping and colonies in the Caribbean
The Spanish CenturyThe Spanish crown authorized for Columbus
to establish a colony.He colonized Hispaniola, present day Haiti
Wasn’t successfulGerman map maker named the New World
“America”Columbus wasn’t famousAmerigo Vespucci was famous
ConquistadorsMotivation was God, Glory, & GoldPonce de Leon – searched for a fountain of
youth in FloridaDe Soto – explored the southeastern section
of North America from Florida to TexasCoronado – explored the southwestCabrillo – explored the west coast as far
north as Oregon
St. AugustineAs gold & silver began to flow out of the
colonies to the Spanish treasury, other European nations began to want what Spain had.
Spain built a fort at St. Augustine, Florida to protect their ships in the Caribbean.
First permanent European settlement in U.S.
Terms Section 3.2Northwest Passage – a sea route around the top of
North America to the Far EastSamuel de Champlain – French explorer who founded
the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence RiverRobert LaSalle – French explorer who followed the
Mississippi River to its mouth and claimed the land drained be the river for France
Louisiana – land in the Mississippi River basin claimed by France
Iroquois – large group of Native Americans in the NorthJesuits – catholic missionaries from France to the North
American IndiansHuguenots – French Protestants who were forbidden to
emigrate to French colonies in North America
France in the New WorldThe first goal of other European nations was
to find a northern route around the Americas to the Far East.
Samuel de Champlain started the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River.Became fur traders Weren’t interested in land
Robert LaSalle followed the MS River and claimed the land for the French.
Terms Section 3.3Netherlands – another name for HollandHenry Hudson – Dutch explorer who sailed
down the Hudson RiverNew Netherlands – Dutch colony in the Hudson
River ValleyDutch East India Company – company that
sponsored the Dutch colonies in AmericaNew York City – name given to New Amsterdam
when the British took over the colonyNew Amsterdam – a city in the Dutch colony of
New NetherlandsCultural diversity – many different kinds of
people with their own customs and languages
The Dutch in North AmericaNetherlands depended on trade for survivalBuilt the largest merchant fleet in EuropeDutch established trading posts on Manhattan
Island & in the Hudson River ValleyOffered large tracts of land to anyone who would
hire & transport 50 people to live on the land.Rules weren’t very strict b/c the goal was to get
as many people in the colony as possible.English would eventually take over the
Neterlands
Terms Section 3.4Sea dogs – English pirates that attacked Spanish
shipsThe lost colony – colony planted on Roanoke Island
in 1587 that disappeared before supplies arrivedJoint-Stock Company – a company that issued stock
to raise money for the its business venturesJamestown – first permanent English settlement in
North AmericaCaptain John Smith – military officer who helped the
Jamestown colony survive the first few yearsTobacco – crop grown by the Virginia colony to earn
profits for the companyIndentured Servants – people who worked for 5-7
years in exchange for passage to the colony
Terms Section 3.4House of Burgesses – the first
representative body in the English coloniesAnglican church – the church of England
that replaced the Catholic churchSeparatists – Protestants who wanted to
separate from the Anglican church b/c it was “too Catholic”
Mayflower Compact – agreement by members of the Plymouth colony to abide be the laws they made
The English in AmericaEngland found great wealth in raiding Spanish
shipsWanted to have a base in the colonies to attack the
Spanish from.Desire for an American base was what lead to the
first attempts at English colonies in North America.
First English colony in America was planted on Roanoke Island.Colony failed b/c supply ships were delayed by the
Spanish.Called the lost colony b/c nobody knows what
happened to any of the colonists
JamestownEngland established Jamestown.Early years were a disasterBuilt fort in swampy area, mosquitoes proved
deadly to colonistsColonists not used to physical labor
Didn’t find gold but did develop a pure kind of tobacco that proved golden.Required labor & land
Took land from Indians Imported indentured servants for labor
JamestownTo attract more people to the colony,
company began giving land to settlers.Gave settlers a voice in running the colony by
setting up the House of Burgesses.First ship of women and indentured servants
arrived in 1619.
Plymouth ColonySeparated from the Anglican churchCalled PilgrimsCame aboard the MayflowerDrew up the Mayflower Compact calling for
equal treatment and lawsLocal Indians helped separatists to grow food
giving rise to the modern holiday “Thanksgiving”
Terms Section 3.5Indigenous – people who are native or
original to an areaNative Americans – people who were already
in the Americas when Europeans arrivedIndians – name given to the indigenous people
that Columbus encountered in the CaribbeanDestabilization – terms that means to weaken
a society or peopleNomads – people who wander from place to
place with no permanent home
Native AmericansColumbus’ encounter w/ Native Americans
marked the beginning of the end of Indian tribes.European diseases destroyed native
populationsSpanish introduced horses
Became a symbol of wealth & power
Reasons for the Destabilization of Native American SocietiesHarsh treatmentMilitary conquestsForced laborEuropean diseases