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10.2 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

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AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD25 MARCH 2014

10.2 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

AMERICAN HISTORY IIMR. HOOD`S NOTES24 MARCH 2014

KEY IDEA

IN 1898, THE UNITED STATES WENT TO WAR TO HELP CUBA WIN ITS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA INCREASED GREATLY AS A

RESULT OF THE WAR AND CONTINUES TODAY.

INTRODUCTION

SPAIN ONCE AMONG MOST POWERFUL

NATIONS

NOW ONLY A FEW OF

SPAIN`S COLONIES REMAINED

ONE OF SPAIN`S

COLONIES WAS CUBA

OBJECTIVE 1CONTRAST AMERICAN OPINIONS REGARDING THE CUBAN REVOLT

AGAINST SPAIN

UNITED STATES HAD LONG HELD INTEREST

IN CUBA

CUBA IS LOCATED 90

MILES SOUTH OF FLORIDA

AND CUBA HAD SUGAR CANE

USA OFFERED TO BUY CUBA FROM

SPAIN

SPAIN SAID “NO”

SPAIN: WOULD RATHER SEE

CUBA SUNK IN THE OCEAN

BUT US INTEREST IN

CUBA CONTINUED

AND WHEN THE CUBANS REBELLED

AGAINST SPAIN

USA SYMPATHISED WITH CUBA

CUBAN REVOLT AGAINST SPAIN WAS NOT

SUCCESSFUL

MEANWHILE, WEALTHY AMERICANS INVESTED $MILLIONS INTO CUBAN SUGAR

PLANTATIONS

JOSE MARTI LED A SECOND CUBAN WAR FOR

INDEPENDENCE

THEY WANTED CUBA LIBRE!

AND SO MARTI ATTACKED US SUGAR

PLANTATIONS…

…IN ORDER TO

PROVOKE US INTERVENTION

BUT PUBLIC OPINION IN

THE USA WAS DIVIDED

OBJECTIVE 2IDENTIFY EVENTS THAT

ESCALATED THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE

UNITED STATES AND SPAIN

SPAIN RESPONDED STRONGLY TO 2ND CUBAN REVOLT

SPAIN SENT VALERIANO WEYLER

TO CUBA

WEYLER PUT 300,00 CUBAN

REBELS IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS

THOUSANDS DIED FROM HUNGER AND

DISEASE

WEYLER`S ACTIONS FUELED A NEWSPAPER

WAR IN USA

BETWEEN JOSEPH PULITZER + WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

PRINTED EXAGGERATED

ACCOUNTS OF SPANISH BRUTALITY

EXAGGERATED NEWS IS KNOWN AS YELLOW

JOURNALISM

HEARST AND PULITZER FANNED

WAR FEVER

DEEPENED U.S. SYMPATHY FOR CUBA + ENRAGED

READERS

HEARST REPORTEDLY SAID “YOU FURNISH THE

PICTURES AND I`LL FURNISH THE WAR”

THEN AMERICANS

INTERCEPTED DE LOME LETTER

THE SPANISH LETTER INSULTED US

PRESIDENT

SOON AMERICAN ANGER TURNED TO

OUTRAGE

MEANWHILE, U.S.S. MAINE

MYSTERIOUSLY BLEW UP IN HAVANA HARBOR

TO THIS DAY NOBODY KNOWS

WHY…

BUT THE AMERICAN

NEWSPAPERS BLAMED SPAIN

WAR BETWEEN SPAIN +

USA NOW INEVITABLE

OBJECTIVE 3TRACE THE COURSE

OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR AND

ITS RESULTS

USA NOW WANTED WAR

U.S. RALLY CRY: “REMEMBER THE

MAINE”

USA DECLARED WAR ON SPAIN

SPANISH THOUGHT USA WOULD INVADE

CUBA

BUT 1ST BATTLE WAS ON PHILIPPINE

ISLANDS

COMMODORE GEORGE DEWEY OPENED

FIRE

IN 7 HOURS DEWEY HAD DESTROYED

SPAIN`S FLEET

US ARMY LANDED ON

PHILIPPINES

FILIPINOS ALSO WANTED INDEPENDENCE

FROM SPAIN

AMERICANS JOINED FORCES WITH FILIPINO REBELS INCLUDING EMILIO

AGUINALDO

SPANISH TROOPS IN PHILIPPINES

SURRENDERED TO USA

USA THEN TURNED

ATTENTIONS TO CUBA

US INVADED CUBA,

DEFEATED SPANISH BY LAND + SEA

USA ALSO INVADED SPANISH COLONY OF

PUERTO RICO

USA AND SPAIN SOON SIGNED AN

ARMISTICE

US CALLED IT A “SPLENDID LITTLE

WAR” LASTED ONLY 16 WEEKS

TREATY OF PARIS SETTLED

THE WAR

SPAIN FREED CUBA

SPAIN GAVE USA GUAM (PACIFIC)

+ PUERTO RICO (WEST INDIES)

SPAIN ALSO SOLD

PHILIPPINES TO US FOR 20 MILLION

THIS CAUSED GREAT DEBATE IN

THE USA

DID THIS VIOLATE THE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?

BUT CONGRESS DID APPROVE TREATY OF

PARIS

WHERE WOULD THE USA GO

NEXT?