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8.2 EXPANDING PUBLIC EDUCATION

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AMERICAN HISTORY II17 FEBRUARY 2014MR. HOOD

8.2 EXPANDING PUBLIC EDUCATION

AMERICAN HISTORY II17 FEBRUARY 2014MR. HOOD`S NOTES

KEY IDEA

REFORMS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION LED TO A RISE IN NATIONAL LITERACY AND

THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

THE PUBLIC EDUCATION SYSTEM IS THE FOUNDATION OF THE

DEMOCRATIC IDEALS OF AMERICAN SOCIETY.

INTRODUCTION

EDUCATION BECAME VALUED

“LIFT ALL CLASSES OF

PEOPLE INTO…CIVILIZED LIFE”

PUBLIC EDUCATION WAS

NEEDED

PREPARE STUDENTS FOR EMPLOYMENT +

CITIZENSHIP

OBJECTIVE 1ANALYZE THE

EXPANSION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION AT THE TURN-OF-THE-20TH-

CENTURY

MOST STATES HAD SCHOOLS

BY THE CIVIL WAR

BUT MANY CHILDREN

DID NOT GO TO SCHOOL

SO STATES PASSED LAWS ABOUT SCHOOL

ATTENDANCE

REQUIRED 12 – 16 WEEKS OF SCHOOL

ANNUALLY(8-12 YEAR OLDS)

PRIMARY SCHOOL

EMPHASIZED READING, WRITING +

ARITHMETIC

BASED ON MEMORIZATION

UNEVEN QUALITY OF TEACHERS

STRICT RULES AND PHYSICAL

DISCIPLINE

MEANT MISERABLE CHILDREN

BUT DESPITE ALL THIS, EDUCATION

GREW

INCLUDING KINDERGARTENS

CHILDCARE FOR EMPLOYED

MOTHERS

ALTHOUGH PUBLIC

EDUCATION WAS GROWING…

OPPORTUNITIES DIFFERED SHARPLY FOR BLACK + WHITE

STUDENTS

HIGH SCHOOL

INDUSTRIES BOOMING

DEMAND FOR

EDUCATED WORKERS

ADVANCED TECHNICAL AND

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

SCIENCE AND CIVICS

SOCIAL STUDIES

NEW VOCATIONAL COURSES

CAREPENTRY, MECHANICS, DRAFTING,

OFFICE WORK

BUT STILL AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN

EXCLUDED

IMMIGRANTS

IMMIGRANTS SENT CHILDREN TO

SCHOOL

CHILDREN WERE AMERICANIZED

ADULTS ALSO ENCOURAGED TO ATTEND

NIGHT SCHOOL

TO QUALIFY FOR CITIZENSHIP

TO OFFICIALLY BECOME

AMERICAN

OBJECTIVE 2DESCRIBE THE

GROWTH OF HIGHER EDUCATION

NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

INCREASED

AND UNIVERSITY

ATTENDANCES GREW

AND THE RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

EMERGED

STUDYING LANGUAGES, PSYCHOLOGY,

SOCIOLOGY

HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA NEEDED FOR

ENTRANCE

BUT AFRICAN AMERICAN LARGELY

EXCLUDED

MEET BOOKER T WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON BELIEVED FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO

PROGRESS

THEY MUST LEARN LABOR

SKILLS

MEET W.E.B. DU BOIS

DU BOIS SAID AFRICAN AMERICANS

MUST LEARN ARTS

FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS TO

PROGRESS

CONCLUSION

EDUCATION IS GOOD

DISCRIMINATION IS BAD