AIAA Hybrid Airliner Competition 2013

The Transporters

The TeamProject Lead: Josh BoyerAerodynamics: Austin Conrad

Tyler Carroll Colin Gibson

Propulsion: Stephanie Wegener Leah Jackson Josh Boyer

Structures: Bryan Brown Tyler Davidson

Lance MortSystems: Max Di Lonardo Colin Gibson Tyler CarrollCAD: Tyler Davidson

PropulsionEngine : PW1521G High bypass turbo fan providing 17,000 lbs of thrust each.

Hybrid Modifications :Electric motor integrated into the input shaft of the turbofan which is powered by batteries

The purpose of the battery powered electric engines is to decrease the amount of fuel used while at cruising speeds.

Our goal was to maintain a high level of efficiency throughout all stages of flight.

Range for this aircraft is 1350nm and the endurance is 7.25hrs.

Hybrid System

The hybrid system contributes 3,293 lbs of thrust continuously. This equates to about 10% of overall thrust available when engines are at WOT.

The electric motor is built into the output shaft of the gearbox. This placement keeps the motor clear of the bypass air, saves space, and keeps the drive structure contained and rotationally balanced. Two clutches are included on the shaft: one to disconnect the turbine, and the other to transfer power from the electric motor.

Based on the batteries specifications, 10 batteries were selected to be used for flight and one additional battery for the electrical systems on board.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

5000

10000

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35000

Excess Power Curve

Sea Level25,000 ft30,000 ft35,000 ft

Velocity (Mach)

Exce

ss P

ower

(Hp)

AIRFOIL SELECTIONAirfoil CDo

NACA 63(4)-421 0.00685NACA 64(2)-415 0.00566

E214 0.0066NACA 63(3)-418 0.0064

FX63137SM 0.007NACA 66-209 0.00916

pmc19 0.00631737 0.00771

Roncz Low Drag Airfoil 0.00458

DRAG

Cruise Mach 0.69Cruise Alt. (ft) 35,000

V stall (ft/s) 513M stall 0.52

Best Range Mach 0.69Total Thrust (lb) 8,032

Minimum Drag (lb) 4,495Cruise Drag (lb) 6,864

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PLANFORM SIZING & HIGH LIFT DEVICESAircraft Properites

Weight/Lift Req. (lb) 70,600

Wing Chord (ft) 10Wing Span (ft) 100Wing Area (ft2) 1000

Aspect Ratio 10Span Efficiency Factor 0.707

Sweep (Rad) 0.349Sweep (Deg) 20

Dihedral (Deg) 6Taper Ratio 0.2

Wing Loading (lb/ft2) 70.6

Cl max 1.07964W/ flap 2.36015W/ flap and slot 2.81209

SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

COCKPIT• Fly-by-wire

• Large Touchscreens

• Contain multiple information panels

• Customizable

• Heads-up Display

• Electric Powered

• Lighting

• Deicing

• Environmental Controls

Weight by Comparison

Based on other aircraft with similar missions we can plot a graph of weight verses passengers, which is our payload. From this we can get an estimated empty weight of about 45,000 lbs. This is weight without engines. Using the spreadsheet given to us by Dr. Jacob we calculated an Empty weight of 42,000 with engines. The aircraft we benchmarked are made with a large percentage of aluminum, but like the Boeing 787, we designed our aircraft to have a much greater percentage of composite material which will cut down on weight. We expect that with the advancement of composites and other materials, by the year 2030 we will be able to reduce this weight by 20%.

65 70 75 80 85 90 95100

10535000

37000

39000

41000

43000

45000

47000

49000

51000

53000

55000

f(x) = 362.685019206146 x + 17067.6914212548R² = 0.92182337373857

SSJ 100-95CRJ700AN 148-100AERJ170-100ARJ21-700Fairchild 728Fokker 100Tupolev Tu-334All AircraftLinear (All Aircraft)All - OutliersLinear (All - Outliers)

• Tube and Wing Design

• Efficiency

• Semi-Monocoque Fuselage Shell

• Absorbs Partial External Loads

• Tapering Spar and Rib Wing Structure

• Full Fuel Storage in Wings

• Allows for Battery Placement

STRUCTURES

Additive Manufacturing Additive manufacturing is the official name for 3-d printing. The process eliminates wasted material, is faster than machining some parts, and is extremely cost effective. Because of the lack of wasted material, less man hours, and 24 hour work times, additive manufacturing can save huge amounts of money. In some calculations the savings were around 90%!

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Hybrid Non-hybrid (Battery Energy) -33% ±0% 33%

FuelWeight (lb) 10088 10271 10448 10000Density (lb/gal) 6.76 6.76 6.76 6.76Volume (gal) 1492 1519 1546 1479Price ($/gal) 5 5 5 5Cost ($) $7,461.48 $7,596.83 $7,727.99 $7,396.45

Battery Energy Provided by an Equivalent Hybrid SystemEnergy (kWh) 80.831 122.471 162.886Quantity 10 10 10Price ($/kWh) 0.05 0.05 0.05Cost ($) $40.42 $61.24 $81.44 Total Savings $24.61 $139.14 $250.10

Purchase PriceCost (Weight Eqn.) $40.5 MCost (Spreadsheet)* $47.9 M

*Based on the sale of 250 units

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1. Engine 2. Battery Compartment 3. Cockpit 4. Seats 5. Baggage Compartment 6. Wing 7. Nose

8. Fuselage 9. Vertical Stabilizer 10. Horizontal Stabilizer 11. Fuselage Frame 12. Wing Ribs 13. Empennage Ribs

Tyler Davidson

Colin Gibson Tyler Carroll

CAD

CAD

Questions?