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PRESENTED IN AICON2012BY

SRINIVAS ARUN TEJ PM.Tech(power electronics and drives)

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N on convential energy sourcesy Solary Windy Bio massy tidal

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Problems with non conventialexcept tidal source

y Solarcontinues power generation not possible

high costnot possible in rain y season

y Windaccording to wind speed onl y not possible at all placeshigh cost of wind turbine

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T idal power plant workingy Sea tidals

consists high potential energ y y Turbines

converts PE into mechanical energ y y Generator

converts ME into electricaly Transmission

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S cheme of plant

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Variation of tides over a dayy Tidal energ y is generated b y the relative motion of the

Earth, Sun and the Moon, which interact viagravitational forces.

y Periodic changes of water levels, and associated tidalcurrents, are due to the gravitational attraction b y theSun and Moon.

y The magnitude of the tide at a location is the result of the changing positions of the Moon and Sun relative tothe Earth, the effects of Earth rotation, and the localshape of the sea floor and coastlines.

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C ategories of tidal power

y Tidal streamy Barrage two basiny Tidal lagoon

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Tidal stream generator

y tidal stream generators draw energ y from currents inmuch the same wa y as wind turbines. The higherdensit y of water, 800 times the densit y of air, meansthat a single generator can provide significant power atlow tidal flow velocities (compared with wind speed).

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Energy calculationsy The energ y available from these kinetic s y stems can be

expressed as:

P = Cp x 0.5 x x A x V³ where:

Cp = the turbine coefficient of performance

P = the power generated (in watts) = the densit y of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³) A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²) V³ = the velocit y of the flow cubed (i.e. V x V x V)

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Pumpingy Turbines are able to be powered in reverse b y excess

energ y in the grid to increase the water level in the

basin at high tidey This energ y is more than returned during generation,

because power output is strongl y related to the head

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Pumping working

y If water is raised 2 ft (61 cm) b y pumping on a high tide of 10 ft (3 m), this will have been raised b y 12 ft (3.7 m) at lowtide. The cost of a 2 ft rise is returned b y the benefits of a 12ft rise.

y This is since the correlation between the potential energ y isnot a linear relationship, rather, is related b y the square of the tidal height variation.

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Two basin schemey With two basins, one is filled at high tide and the

other is emptied at low tide

y Turbines are placed between the basins. Two-basinschemes offer advantages over normal schemes in thatgeneration time can be adjusted with high flexibilit y and it is also possible to generate almost continuousl y .

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Environmental impact

y The placement of a barrage into an estuar y has aconsiderable effect on the water inside the basin and

on the ecos y stem.y where a full-scale evaluation of the ecological impact

of a tidal power s y stemy No pollution occured

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T idal plantsy The La Rance plant, off the Brittan y coast of northern

France, was the first and largest tidal barrage plant in

the world operating for 20 y ears, has been madey GMR tidal power plant at Mangalorey Francis tidal plant in japan

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Turbidityy Turbidit y (the amount of matter in suspension in the

water) decreases as a result of smaller volume of water

being exchanged between the basin and the sea. Thislets light from the Sun to penetrate the water furtherimproving conditions

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Economic s

y Tidal barrage power schemes have a high capital costand a ver y low running cost.

y

As a result, a tidal power scheme ma y not producereturns for man y y ears, and investors ma y be reluctantto participate in such projects.

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M athematical modellingy In mathematical modeling of a scheme design, the

basin is broken into segments, each maintaining its

own set of variablesy In these models, the basin is broken into largesegments (1D), squares (2D) or cubes (3D). Thecomplexit y and accurac y increases with dimension.

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M athematical model parametersy Water levels (during operation, construction, extreme

conditions, etc.)y

Currentsy Wavesy Power outputy Turbidit y y Salinit y y Sediment movements

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Gl oba l e nvironm e nta l impacty A tidal power scheme is a long-term source of

electricit y .y

A proposal for the Severn Barrage, if built, has beenprojected to save 18 million tones of coal per y ear of operation.

y This decreases the output of greenhouse gases into

the atmosphere

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conclusion

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REFERENCESy Baker, A. C. 1991, Tidal power, Peter Peregrines Ltd.,

London.y

Baker, G. C., Wilson E. M., Miller, H ., Gibson, R. A. &Ball, M., 1980. "The Annapolis tidal power pilotproject", in Waterpower '79 Proceedings, ed. Anon,U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, pp

550 559.y Hammons, T. J. 1993, "Tidal power", Proceedings of theIEEE, [Online], v81, n3, pp 419 433. Available from:IEEE/IEEE Explore. [Jul y 26, 2004].

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CONTN ..y ^ Spain, Rob: "A possible Roman Tide Mill", Paper

submitted to the Kent Archaeological Societ y y ^

Minchinton, W. E. (October 1979). "Earl y Tide Mills:Some Problems". Technolog y and Culture 20 (4): 777786. doi:10.2307/3103639.

y ^ Turcotte, D. L.; Schubert, G. (2002). "4".

Geod y namics (2 ed.). Cambridge, England, UK:Cambridge Universit y Press. pp. 136 137. ISBN 978-0-521-66624-4.

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