Research Paper

About

Kidney Dialysis Machine

BIT 403

By:

Arroyo, Lawrence Arnold III

Bello, John Paul

Tejares, May Catherine

Vallejos, Mhary Sharmaine

I. Introduction.

The proponents seek for an AI device/machine, and thus found a machine in Marikina City Health Office which is the kidney dialysis machine.

The traditional control of the dialysis session comes about by means of an open-loop system. At the beginning of the session some parameters are set, such as the kind of dialyzer, the blood flow, the ultrafiltration rate, the dialysate conductivity and the dialysate temperature. Generally speaking, these parameters are not modified unless there occur complications in the patient that call for adjustments to be made.Kidney dialysis is a life-support treatment that uses a special machine to filter harmful wastes, salt, and excess fluid from your blood. This restores the blood to a normal,healthy balance. Dialysis replaces many of the kidney's important functions. There are different types of kidney dialysis, including:

Hemo dialysis. Blood is filtered using a dialyzer and dialysis machine.

Peritoneal dialysis. Blood is filtered inside the body after the abdomenis filled with a special cleaning solution.

According to Ms. Sharon de Leon, the assigned treasurer for the dialysis, the device was first implemented on Feb. 15, 2010; and that, this is the cheapest medical treatment (for kidney dialysis) that people can find in the Philippines. But before a citizen can have this medical treatment, he/she must accomplish the requirements needed. A patient can at least have a 2 or 3 sessions per week, depending on the ailment the patient has.

The dialysis machine mixes and monitors the dialysate. Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove the unwanted waste products from the blood. It also helps get the electrolytes and minerals to their proper levels in your body. The machine also monitors the flow of your blood while it is outside of your body.

One problem that may occur during dialysis is that air gets into the blood tubing. To prevent this from happening, blood tubings had two air traps built into them. One trap is before the dialyzer and the other is after it. These traps catch any air that may get into the system. If air does get past these traps an internal machine air sensor shuts down the blood pump and an alarm will sound. All blood flow is stopped until the air is removed. The machine continuously monitors the pressures created by the blood inside the blood tubing and dialyzer. It also monitors the blood flow, temperature and proper mixture of the dialysate. If any of these go out of range, the machine will let the people involved know by sounding an alarm, blinking lights and shutting down blood or dialysate flow. It also let the people informed if the blood pressure is too low or high. The dialysis machine is an expert system. It only works as what it was programmed for. This cannot be a neural network for this is not responding or reacting with the human brain, but it is working with the blood, with the kidney. It also cannot be a learning system, neither natural language processing, vision system, nor robotics based on their definitions. This machine only works with software behind combined with the hardware needed for proper treatments.

II. Contents of Research.

Most dialysis methods (hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, automated peritoneal dialysis) require machines that are technologically evolved and which benefit from the latest technological innovations. With this in mind, the manufacturers of these machines currently used have anticipated the use of tele-transmissions by either incorporating a micro-chip, an integrated modem or a type RS232 output which enables the long distance recovery and transmission of information.

These systems allow the transmission of numeric data which are essentially technical (for hemodialysis, veinous and arterial blood pressure, ultra filtration, other diverse characteristics of the hemodialysis session; for the a peritoneal dialysis: number and characteristics of the cycles, ultra filtration). The information is available in instantaneously or routinely through the intermediary of an integrated interface located in the computer of the medical center. Most of these systems are also able to transmit basic medical information (weight, arterial pressure, eventual incidents) through a specific interface located in the dialysis machine The technical nature of the data transmitted has undoubtedly a greater technical usefulness than a medical one. The maintenance of these machines, the long distance detection of breakdowns, and the technical security of the sessions could present a particularly interesting application of these systems, on condition that the technicians can familiarize themselves with all the interfaces made by the different manufacturers of the all machines they use. The transmission of information is passive. There is no possibility of interaction or dialogue with the patient with these systems. This limits their use for the medical monitoring of patients.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE