Aim #12: How did the French and Indian War impact the relationship between Britain and its colonies?

DO NOW! Read “Albany Plan of Union” and answer the questions

North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750North America in 1750

When looking at this map…1.What do you think the Native Americans would want?2. What would the Europeans want?3. What factors contributed or could contribute to a conflict between France an England in North America?4. What geographical differences are there between the French and English colonies?

(I) B(I) Background to the War(I) B(I) Background to the War

a. France and England were competing for land in North America.

b. The French held trapping and trade routes in the Ohio Valley.

c. the English colonies were encroaching on French territory as the population grew.

d. They also competed over trade issues with the Native Americans in the disputed region.

READ ALBANY PLAN OF UNION AND ANSWER QUESTIONS

(II) What was the Albany Plan of Union (1754)

a. What was it? Meeting of representatives of 7 colonies met with reps from the Iroquois Confederacy

b. goals:

1. solidify friendship with the Iroquois in approaching war with France and continuous pressure felt by Natives as more settlers moved westward;

2. Discuss possibility of intercolonial union

c. Benjamin Franklin’s role

1. Presented a plan which would establish a Grand Council which would be able to (1) levy taxes, (2) raise troops and (3) regulate trade with the Indians

d. Outcome: delegates at the congress approved plan, colonies refused to ratify

Why???

1. What does the snake appear to represent? 2. What do you think was the message of the creator of the cartoon?

3. What inferences can you make from the cartoon?

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

(III) Causes of the Wara. Started in 1754

b. George Washington sent to stop French expansion (they refused)

c. Most Natives (except Iroquois) sided with the French

d. British forcibly enlisted colonists (impressment) and forced colonists to provide shelter to British soldiers

Prime Minister of England, William Pitt Prime Minister of England, William Pitt funds the war effortfunds the war effort

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide Turns for The Tide Turns for EnglandEngland

1758-1761 1758-1761 The Tide Turns for The Tide Turns for EnglandEngland

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

IV. The Treaty of Paris (1763)

a. Ended the war

b. French transferred its claims west of the Mississippi to Spain and ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to the British

c. Treaties that were signed effectively closed the frontier to colonial expansion (colonists couldn’t move west)

British British ProclamationProclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

Colonials Colonials Paxton Boys Paxton Boys (PA)(PA)

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

V. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763-1766)

a. British traded unfairly with Natives and failed to stop encroachment on Indian land

b. Unrest culminated in rebellion by Pontiac, a Native American leader who united various tribes with intention of expelling the British

c. Massacres and atrocities on both sides (British blankets of small pox!!!)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

Pontiac’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)(1763)

VI. Consequences of French and Indian War

a. Expanded England’s territorial claims in America

b. Enlarged British debt

1. Colonists felt if they were going to be taxed by Parliament, they should be represented in it

VII (continued)

c. Colonial began to resent British presence (we kicked out French enemy…why do you still have troops here??? Like 10,000 of them!!!)

d. End of Salutary neglect: England now takes a very hands on approach