Aim: What Philosophical changes to the economy did the Industrial Revolution help to spur on?

Title: Evolution of Socialism

Do Now: Write down what you know about the Industrial Revolution and how it affected both employers and their workers. - Focus on the conflict that arose between the two classes: Bourgeoisie v. Proletariats.

Key things to keep in mind: • Industrial Revolution–Unfair treatment–Unlivable/working conditions–No representation = no unions–Class distinctions: Bourgeoisie (middle

class/rich/bosses/factory owners) vs. Proletariats (working class, poor, etc.) = Rich got richer, while the poor got….. well, you get the point. –The rich utilized laissez-faire capitalism to their

great advantage

Communist Manifesto Reading

BourgeoisUpper Class

ProletariansWorking

Class

Ancient Rome: Patricians, Knights

Middle Ages: Feudal Lords, Vassals, Guildmasters

Bourgeois oppresses Proletariat

Ancient Rome: Plebeians, Slaves

Middle Ages: Journeymen,

Apprentices, Serts

Today’s Focus:

We will examine how the ideas of social reform emerged as a result of the uneven distribution of wealth caused by the Industrial Revolution.

OBJECTIVE I

Quietly please (Shhh!!!): Carefully review/actively read the handout – Yes, MARK IT UP!!!• Comparing & contrasting varying economic &

related political systems: Capitalism vs. Socialism vs. Communism.

OBJECTIVE I (continued)• Transfer the graphic organizers pictured below onto

a blank piece of paper. • Complete reading on capitalism, socialism, and

communism and complete the organizer. Characteristics Capitalism Socialism Communism

Is ownership private or public? How is society organized?Social Objectives

Economic ObjectivesPolitical System

OBJECTIVE II: Ideological DifferencesEconomic Ideologies

Communism Socialism Capitalism Laissez Faire

Political Ideology

Totalitarianism Democracy

Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors• Directions/Rules - Find a partner - Play 3 rounds of rock-paper-scissors (1

round=best out of three shoots) - At the end each round, the loser must give

the winner one piece of their candy• Odds and Ends - In game, candy=money and winning=hard

work (therefore, the harder your work the more money you receive and vise versa)

Ideology Rock-Paper-Scissors• What economic system was enacted at the beginning

of the game before you began playing? What are some problems that may arise from this system?

• What economic ideology was enacted while playing the game? What problems may arise from this system?

• Which economic ideology was represented as I redistributed the candy? What problems may arise from this system?

• Why did these economic/political ideologies emerge after the Industrial Revolution (think class tensions)?

Political and Economic Ideologies • Capitalism– Economic system in

which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit, economic liberty guarantees economic progress

– ADAM SMITH Father of modern capitalism

Political and Economic Ideologies• Socialism

– Factors of production are owned by public and operate for the welfare of all

– Government actively plans economy

– Other socialist ideas include • Bentham

– UTILITARIANSIM judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness

– Government should provide the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

Political and Economic Ideologies • Karl Marx– Believed that economic forces

controlled society– Wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848)

calling for “workers of the world unite” and overthrow the “bourgeoisie”

– Radical socialism called Marxist– Gap between rich and poor too wide

and will widen– More control over economy will reduce

class conflict

Communist Manifesto Reading

BourgeoisUpper Class

ProletariansWorking

Class

Ancient Rome: Patricians, Knights

Middle Ages: Feudal Lords, Vassals, Guildmasters

Bourgeois oppresses Proletariat

Ancient Rome: Plebeians, Slaves

Middle Ages: Journeymen,

Apprentices, Serts

Marxism

Factories drive small artisans out of business

Small # of manufacturers

to control wealth

Large PROTELTARIAT would revolt & seize factories

Marxism

Proletariats would

produce what was NEEDED

Workers would share

profits

Creation of economic equality

Marxism

Workers would control gov’t in “Dictatorship of the Proletariat”

Create cooperative living

and education

The state/government

would wither away = classless

society

Political and Economic Ideologies• Karl Marx (cont.) – Marx’s final phase would become

– COMMUNISM• Complete form of socialism in which the means of

production owned by the people• No private property• Classless society• All goods and services shared equally

Political and Economic Ideologies• Karl Marx (cont.) – Marx’s ideas of communism didn’t have much appeal

until 20th century• Lenin’s Russia• Mao’s China• Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam• Castro’s Cuba

– Most of Marx’s predictions never occurred proving that society is not just controlled by economic forces but also by religion, nationalism and political forces

Use the information from reading and your chart above to accurately place the economic systems on

the Economic Spectrum below….

System: ___________Description:

_______________

System: ______________

Description: ______________

OBJECTIVE 1

1. What are the means of production? 2. What is Socialism? List and then examine

some of the primary characteristics of Socialism?

3. What led socialists and other groups to believe that government should control the means of production?

• Capital and equipment used to produce and exchange goods

• Man’s/individual greed/corruption/unfair treatment towards the “common man”, etc.

Socialism• Socialists – viewed the capitalist system

as inherently wrong– Belief that capitalism is designed to create

poverty and poor working conditions because of its end goal of earning maximum profits for investors

• Socialism – government owns the means of production– Belief that if the government (“the people”)

owns the means of production, these factories and industries will function in the public (as opposed to private) interest

OBJECTIVE III1. Let’s try to analyze the philosophy and influences of Robert Owen, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels, see pp. 565 -66.

- Create a three-column chart (similar to the one shown)- Below, list and then examine their philosophy & influences.

Social/economical philosophers

Philosophy Influences

Karl Marx

Robert Owen

Friedrich Engels

Early Socialist Movement• First socialists were Utopians– Strove to create a fair and just system– Community divided tasks and rewards

equitably• Robert Owen• Charles Fourier• Claude Saint-Simon• Louis Blanc

Robert Owen (1771-1858) Utopian socialist Owned a textile factory in New Lanark, Scotland Set up a model community in New Harmony,

Indiana Decreased working hours Improved working conditions and employee

housing Shared management and profits with employees Proved that a socialist-based company could be

profitable

Karl Marx (1818-1883)• German socialist (communist) philosopher• Forced to leave Prussia for articles attacking

the Prussian government• Relocated to France where he was considered

too radical– Wrote Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels

(1848)• Relocated to England where he lived out the

rest of his life– Wrote Das Kapital – the “bible” of socialism (1867)

• “Religion is the opiate of the people.”– Belief that religion is designed to keep people

submissive to those in power by promising them that their reward is in heaven

OBJECTIVE IV

1. What do you know about communism? (reference HW #13) - Express your opinions to this economical system.

- Please justify your points with hard found facts, examples, and evidence.

Marxism – Communism• Economic changes lead to historical changes.• Historically, the wealthy classes have held all power.

Economic Interpretation of

History

• History has been a struggle between the rich and the poor.• In the Industrial Revolution, the struggle is between the capitalists

(owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers).Class Struggle

• Workers produce all wealth but receive only enough to survive.• “Surplus value” (profit) of the workers’ labor goes to the capitalists.Surplus Value

• Industrial wealth leads to the concentration of wealth among fewer and fewer capitalists, while the living and working conditions of the proletariat grow worse.

• The proletariat will eventually rebel and create a socialist state.

Inevitability of Socialism

Communism

• Goals–Overthrow the bourgeois “supremacy” – Abolition (get rid of) private property

• Rationale–Working class works to produce capital (money)

which allows bourgeois to acquire more personal property and therefore control working class

Socialist and Communist Political Parties

• First International– Founded by Marx and others in 1864– International Workingmen’s Association– Urged proletariat to overthrow capitalism worldwide– Broke apart in 1873

• Second International– Founded in 1889– National parties more concerned with the politics of their respective

nations– Broke apart during World War I

• Russian Revolution (1917)– Communists – known as Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, came to

power following the overthrow of the tsar• Left and right wings

– Socialists – right wingers – advocated socialist reforms through voting– Communists – left wingers – advocated socialist reforms through

revolution– Political parties of both types have existed throughout Europe, the

United States, and all over the world since around the turn of the last century

OBJECTIVE V

1. Draw the following web diagram: - Complete the diagram by identifying the

competing ideas that arose out of Marxism and their characteristics.

- Students’ diagrams should include information that identifies the roles of both people and government.

OBJECTIVE VI

• Complete guided reading 22.5.

Review Questions1. Explain Marxism in terms of the economic

interpretation of history, class struggle, surplus value, and the inevitability of socialism.

2. Most modern industrialized nations possess some degree of socialism. Comparing the United States to countries such as China, France, and Great Britain, should the United States increase or decrease its number and scope of social programs and government ownership of industry? Why or why not?