AimsAims

To revise key topics in To revise key topics in preparation for mock exam.preparation for mock exam.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YJfOZkriykYJfOZkriyk

Treaty ofVersailles

Aims?Lloyd George

Clemenceau Wilson

Why?

Terms of the Treaty?

Military?

Economic?

Territorial?

How satisfied werethe big 3?

German reaction?

Aims of the Treaty of Versailles

Guilt - find some one to blameArmed forces to be dealt withReparations - who has to payGerman territories - what to do LEague of Nations to be formed

German reaction to Treaty of Versailles

UnrepresentedNot allowed to join the LeagueForced to accept terms - diktatAngry with military reductionsInjustice - War guilt, loss of land etcReparations - set too high!

League in the 1920sLeague in the 1920s Success? Failure? Success? Failure?

Social/Living Social/Living conditionsconditions

VilnaVilna

Aaland Aaland IslandsIslands

CorfuCorfu

Upper SilesiaUpper Silesia

Dawes/Young Dawes/Young PlanPlan

Kellogg Kellogg BriandBriand

Locarno Locarno TreatyTreaty

League in the 1930sLeague in the 1930s

Exam technique

How far can the failure of the League in the 1930s be blamed on the crisis in Manchuria? (10)

Explain your answer.

PlanPlan Agreement?Agreement?

How did the League suffer How did the League suffer as a result of the as a result of the Manchurian Crisis?Manchurian Crisis?

Too slow to make decisions Too slow to make decisions (the Lytton Report took a (the Lytton Report took a year!)year!)

Couldn’t impose effective Couldn’t impose effective sanctions as the US was not sanctions as the US was not in the Leaguein the League

Didn’t use force as they Didn’t use force as they didn’t have an army and didn’t have an army and Britain and France reluctant Britain and France reluctant to send their armies.to send their armies.

Disagreement?Disagreement?

The League failed for other The League failed for other reasons too:-reasons too:-

Weak structureWeak structure Absent membersAbsent members Attitude of Britain & FranceAttitude of Britain & France No armyNo army MilitarismMilitarism Failings over the Failings over the

Abyssinian CrisisAbyssinian Crisis The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

Agreement statements-Agreement statements- e.g. ‘The League of Nations was severely damaged by its handling of the

Manchurian Crisis. It was the first serious test that the League had to face in a case of blatant aggression by a major power on a smaller, weaker nation.’

‘Japan was suffering because of the Great Depression and as a result, chose to seek a solution by invading a smaller, weaker country as it had valuable resources. When the League was asked for help, it was slow to react as Japan was a major member.’

‘A full year later, in Sept 1932, the Lytton Report was presented which said that the Japanese had acted unlawfully. When a response went to a vote, the League voted unanimously that Japan was in the wrong. The Japanese left as a result. ’

‘The League was powerless. It discussed economic sanctions but without the USA, Japan’s main trading partner, they would be meaningless.’

‘Britain seemed more interested in keeping up good relationships with Japan than in agreeing to sanctions. The league also discussed banning arms sales to Japan but members could not even agree about that. They were worried that the problem would escalate’

‘There was no prospect at all of Britain and France risking their navies or armies in a war with Japan. Only the USA and USSR had the necessary resources and they were not even members’

Disagreement Disagreement statements-statements-

‘The Japanese occupied the whole of Manchuria. The League instructed Japan to withdraw but it refused. The League did not have the power to force Japan to obey. In 1933, Japan left the League.’

‘In 1935 Italy invaded Abyssinia with a modern army. The League imposed sanctions but these did not include oil and other war materials. Britain and France were not prepared to back tough action and the League’s actions failed and so it lost its credibility.’

‘Powerful nations such as the USA were not members and so it was difficult for the League to impose economic sanctions.’

‘Another aspect was militarism and countries such as Germany, Italy and Japan built up military strength often with Treaties such as Anglo-German Naval Treaty and Nazi-Soviet Pact.’

‘The structure of the League was weak. America was not a member and the League had no army.’

Why the L of N failed

French and British self interestAbsent powers - USAIneffective sanctionsLack of an armed forceUnfair treatyReaching decisions too slowlyEuropean club, everyone had to agree

Study Source C. Why do you think this cartoon was published in Germany in 1919? Use the cartoon and

your knowledge to explain your answer.

'This cartoon was published to make people hate the Treaty of Versailles. Many German people felt they had been treated very unfairly in the Treaty of Versailles. They had been blamed for the war and were going to be punished by having to pay huge reparations - this is the 100 hundred billion marks mentioned. Many Germans felt that they would not be able to afford to eat properly if they had to pay reparations. This cartoon was published by a German who wants the Germans to rise up and oppose the peace treaty.'

A German cartoon published in 1919. The German mother issaying to her starving child: ‘When we have paid one hundred

billion marks then I can give you something to eat.’

Study Source D. Are you surprised by this poster? Use the poster and your knowledge to explain your answer.

' I am not surprised by this poster because the French invaded the Ruhr when Germany did not keep up with reparation payments. This action by France was very unpopular in Germany because the Ruhr was Germany's most important industrial area. The Germans started a policy of passive resistance and this poster is part of that policy.'