Aippg.net-Fmge Important Topics

5/25/2018 Aippg.net-Fmge Important Topics

1/33

aippg.net http://aippg.net/threads/fmge-important-topics.11

Fmge important topics

1. Partha SarkarGuest

UPPER LIMB HIGH YIELD - VERY IMP points FOR MCI SCREENING TEST

Most frequently fractured bone of body--------ClavicleMost frequently dislocated carpal bone---------LunateMost frequently fracture carpal bone----------ScaphoidName of fracture of distal radius that produces dinner fork appearance------- CollesfractureNerve injured with fracture of surgical neck of humerus---------AxillaryNerve injured with fracture of medial humeral epicondyle--------UlnarNerve injured with fracture of shaft of humerus--------------RadialNerve injured in wrist drop----------RadialMuscle that is chief flexor and chief extensor at shoulder joint ---------DeltoidMuscles innervated by axillary nerve----------Deltoid and teres minorMuscle that initiates abduction of arm---------SupraspinatusMost commonly torn tendon of rotator cuff-----------SupraspinatusTwo muscles that rotate scapula for full abduction of arm-------Trapezius and serratusanteriorTendon that courses through shoulder joint---------Long head of bicepsChief supinator muscle of hand---------Biceps brachiiInjury to what nerve causes winged scapula---------Long thoracic nervespinal levels of axillary nerve---------C5 and C6

Spinal levels to muscles of the hand--------C8 and T1Dermatome of thumb--------C6Nerve to thenar compartment----------Recurrent branch of MedianInnervation of adductor pollicis---------Ulnar (deep br.)Innervation to all interosseous muscles-----------Ulnar (deep br.)Region affected by upper trunk injury of brachial plexus------------ ShoulderRegion affected by lower trunk injury of brachial plexus -------Intrinsic hand musclesNerve compressed with carpal tunnel syndrome-----------Mediannerve affected by cubital tunnel syndrome----------UlnarParalysis of which muscles results in total claw hand----------Lumbricals

Treatment for schistosomes--------.PraziquantelTreatment for clonorchis sinensis------------ praziquantelTreatment for pneumocystis carinii.---------- TMP-SMXTreatment for Chaga's disease?-------------- NifurtimoxTreatment for trypanosomiasis?-------------- Suramin (except chaga's, use nifurtimox)Firstline treatment for malaria------------?Chloroquine
http://aippg.net/http://aippg.net/threads/fmge-important-topics.115121/http://aippg.net/threads/fmge-important-topics.115121/http://aippg.net/


2/33

2. Neha GuptaActive Member

What's the drug of choice for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and Shigellaspp? Ampicillin. Note those are all G+.What are the two penicillin-derived drugs that are extended spectrum forpseudomonas infections? Which one is first line and which one is more potent? -Ticarcillin (and its derivatives; Timentin) -- 1st line

- Piperacillin (and its derivates w/ tazobactam; Zosyn) -- this is the broadest spectrum.What is the DOC to treat Clostridium Perfringens? what does this bacteria cause? PenicillinG. Bacteria causes gas gangrene.What is the DOC to treat treponema pallidum? What condition does the bacteria cause?Penicillin GBacteria causes syphilis.What is the DOC to treat Listeria Monocytogenes sepsis and meningitis? ampicillinWhat is the DOC to treat MRSA? VancomycinWhat is the DOC for surgical prophylaxis? Why? How is it administered? - Cefazolin- By injectionUsed b/c of high bone penetration, and because it's a good alternative to anti-staphpenicillins in penicillin-allergic patients.What is the first line agent used to treat mixed intra-abdominal infections by Bacteroides?Cefoxitin (2nd Gen)What are the two first line agents used to treat H. influenzae infections? Ceftriaxone (3rd)Cefotoxime (3rd)Cephalosporins are the go-to drugs to treat meningitis except for meningitis caused by whatbacteria? Listeria monocytogenes.What is the first line agent used to treat Clostridium tetani infections? Vancomycin.Which two cephalosporins are the first line agents used to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae? -Ceftriaxone (3rd G)

- Cefixime (3rd G)What cephalosporin is the first line agent used to treat Typhoid Fever due to salmonella?Ceftriaxone (Rocephin; 3rd G)What are the three first line agents used to treat penicillin-resistant pneumococci?Ceftriaxone (3rd G)Cefotaxime (3rd)VancomycinWhat are the five first line agents used to treat systemic pseudomonas aeruginosainfections? TicarcillinPiperacillin

Ceftazidime (3rd)Cefepime (4th G)TobramycinHow do you treat antibiotic-induced enterocolitis d/t Staph or C diff? Why? - w/ VancomycinPO- Because it's poorly absorbed orally and will therefore be very active against the G+ bacteriain the intestine causing the colitis.What's the DOC for Rickettsia? DoxycyclineWhat's they DOC for Chlamydia? DoxycyclineDOC for Ureaplasma DoxycyclineDOC for Mycoplasma Doxycycline
http://aippg.net/members/neha-gupta.228037/


3/33

DOC for Borrelia DoxycyclineDOC for Yersinia StreptomycinDOC for Francisella StreptomycinDOC for Enterococcus Gentamicin (combo)First line for Helicobacter pylori TetracyclineFirst line for Vibrio spp. DoxycyclinFirst lines for Brucella Doxycyclin + GentamicinFirst line for Chlamydia Doxycyclin

First line for Nocardia MinocyclinFirst line for Viridans streptococci (serious infections) GentamicinFirst line for Strep agalactiae (serious infections) GentamicinFirst line for Listeria meningitis GentamicinFirst line for Campylobacter (serious infections) GentamicinWhat's the drug of choice for chlamydia trachomatis? AzithromycinWhat's the DOC for Nocardia & Pneumocystis pneumonia? Co-trimoxazole.


ANTI BACTERIAL DRUG OF CHOICE LIST

01. Enterococcus: Ampicillin + Gentamicin02. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible): Nafcillin03. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant): Vancomycin04. Streptococcus pneumonia (penicillin-susceptible): Penicillin G, Amoxicillin05. Streptococcus pneumonia (penicillin-resistant): Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone06. Neisseria gonorheae: Ceftriaxone (IV), Cefixime (oral)07. Treponema pallidum: Penicillin G08. M. meningitidis: Penicillin G09. Moraxella catarrhalis: Cefuroxime, Fluoroquinolones10. Clostridium difficile: Metronidazole11. Bacteroides fragilis: Metronidazole12. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Macrolide13. Chlamydia trachomatis: Azithromycin or other Macrolides14. Klebsiella pneumoniae: 3rd generation cephalosporin15. Enterobacter: Carbapanem, Cefipime16. Escherichia coli: 3rd generation cephalosporin17. Campylobacter jejuni: Macrolide18. Gardnerella vaginalis: Metronidazole

19. Proteus mirabilis: Ampicillin20. Proteus indole positive: 3rd generation cephalosporin21. Salmonella typhi: Ceftriaxone22. Shigella: Fluoroquinolone23. Serratia: Carbapanem


4/33


SOME IMP DRUG OF CHOICE..====================================

DOC for Ulcerative colitis-5 aminosalicylic acid

DOC for Crohns -

Magnesium Oxide is the antidote for mineral acid poisoning

TOC for acute coalescent mastoiditis-Simple mastiodectomy

TOC of SCC of maxillary antrum-Surgery+Radiotherapy

DOC for Cholera Chemoprophylaxis-Tetracycline

DOC for Cholera in adults- Doxycycline

DOC for Cholera in children-Cotrimoxazole

DOC for cholera in Pregnant women-Furazolidone.

DOC of neurosyphilis- crystalline penicillin G

DOC for CML- imatinib mesylate

DOC for supraventricular tachycardia- adenosine

DOC for foetal adrenal suppression-dexamethasone (started as soon as preg is recognisedand not later than 9wks gestation)

DOC for central DI -DesmopressinDrug of choice for Biers block (IVRA) Lidocaine, 4050 mL (0.5 mL/kg in children) of a0.5% solution without epinephrine

DOC for nocardiosis - sulfamethoxazole

Doc for ascariasis in pregnant woman-pyrantel pamoate

Gold std t/t for brucella -strepto +doxo

drug of choice for visceral larva migrans-Albendazole

WILSON DISEASE,INV OF CHOICELIVER BIOPSYDOC-ZINC

DOC for akathesia- Beta blockers

most sensitive inv for Extradrenal phaeochromocytoma?DOPAPET :most sensitive inv

MIBG : most SPECIFIC inv


5/33

Cardiotoxicity caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy -endomyocardial biopsy

TOC of anal canal tumours- Chemoradiation


6/33


MOST COMMON CAUSE ASKED IN PREVIOUS EXAMINATIONS==================================================

MCC of intracranial metastasis-Ca lung

MCC of hepatic metastasis - Bronchogenic carcinoma

MCC of hepatic mets from GIT Colonic ca

MCC of Intrauterine Growth retardation-C/c pyelonephritis?

MCC of HTN in children-A/c Glomerulonephritis

MC complication of CSOM-Temporal lobe abscess

MC ovarian tumour in pregnancy-Teratoma/Dermoid cyst

MC joint involved in Osteo Arthritis-Knee joint

MCC of interstitial/atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma

MC Glycogen storage disease-Gauchers disease

MC porphyria-Porphyria cutanea tarda.

MC cause of childhood nephrotic syndrom-Minimal change disease

MC cause of adult nephrotic syndrome- Membranous glomerulonephritis.

MC cancer-Lung cancer

MC cancer in females-Breast cancer

MC cause of maternal deaths-Obstetric hemorrhage(PPH)

MC cause of Blindness in India-Cataract

MC site of Gastrinoma- Duodenum.

MC Paraneoplastic Syndrome-Hypercalcemia

MC paraneoplastic endocrinopathy-Cushings syndrome

mc presentation of meckels diverticulumbleeding

mc s/e of radiation on heart pericardial effusion

m.c. cause of cushings disease- pituitary microadenoma

mcc of primary hyperaldosteronism- b/l cortical hyperplasia

mc aldosterone producing adrenal tumour- u/l adrenal adenoma

mcc of post trauma vegetative state- diffuse axonal injury


7/33

mc asso anomaly with coarctation of aorta- bicuspid aortic valve

mcc of vasculitis in child- henoch-schonlein purpura

mc feature of aortitis on x-ray- calcified ascending aorta

MC intra-abdominal malignancy in children Neuroblastoma2nd MC intra-abdominal malignancy in children Wilms tumor

MC hepatic malignancy in children HepatoblastomaMC soft tissue sarcoma RhabdomyosarcomaMC site for rhabdomyosarcoma Head and neckMC Pediatric tumor ALL2nd MC Pediatric tumor Brain tumorMC brain tumor in children AstrocytomaMC brain tumor in infancy SupratentorialMC brain tumor between 1-10 yrs of age InfratentorialMC brain tumor after 10 yrs of age SupratentorialMC embryonal brain tumor MedulloblastomaMC renal mass in neonates Multicystic renal dysplasia

MC malignant tumor of kidney Wilms tumor

mc tumours in parts of mediastinum-

anterior- thymomasmid- cystposterior- neurogenic tu

mc tumour of mediastinum- neurogenic tumost malignant masses of mediastinum- lymphomas

mc site of colonic volvulus- sigmoid

MC cause of renal artery stenosis

old age- atherosclerosisyoung(india)- Takayasu arteritisyoung( western world)- fibro muscular dysplasiaMC of eye in AIDS1. Lesion- microvasculopathy of conjunctiva and retina2. Infection- chorioretinitis3. Neoplasm- kaposi sarcoma

4. Cause of chorioretinitis- CMV5. Finding in HIV retinopathy- cotton wool spots6. Rx of CMV retinitis- ganciclovir,foscarnet

MOST COMMON site in GIT

small bowel carcinoid-ILEUM

Ulcerative colitis,hirsprung disease-RECTUM

Polyps in peutz jegher syndrome,pneumatosis cystoid intestinaleJEJUNUM


8/33

Amoebic colitis,volvulus-SIGMOID COLON

Bleeding from angiodysplasia-RIGHT COLON

Brenners gland-1ST PART OF DUODENUM

MC cause of maternal death- obst haemorrhage

MC of isoniazid resistance- kat G gene mutatio


9/33


Dx : Loss of myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus leading to failure of LES relaxationAchalasiaDx : Bird's beak on barium swallow AchalasiaDx : Painful mucosal lacerations at GE junction. Mallory-Weiss syndrome(Bleeding due to esophageaal varices is painless)

Dx : Transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching. Respi symptoms. BoerhaavesyndromeDx : What esophageal pathology is associated with lye ingestion? Esophageal stricturesDx : Dysphagia, glossitis, and iron-deficiency anemia. Plummer-Vinson syndromeList the risk factors for esophageal cancer? ABCDEF Alcohol/Achalasiaa Barrett's EsophagusCigarettes Diverticuli Esophageal web/Esophagitis FamilialDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Autoantibodies to gluten in wheat andother grains. Celiac sprueDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Infection with Tropheryma whippelii.Whipple's diseaseDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. PAS-positive foamy macrophages inintestinal lamina propria. Non-AIDS patient. Whipple's diseaseDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Foamy macrophages in lamina propria.AIDS patient. Infection by Mycobacterium vium-intracellulare complexDx : Antiglandin antibodies. Blunting of villi. Lymphocytes in lamina propria. Celiac sprueDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Associated with dermatitis herpetiformis.Celiac sprueDx : Diarrheaa, steatorrhea, weightloss, weakness. Moderately increaase risk of malignancy(most often T-Cell lymphoma) Celiac sprueDx : Congenital megacolon characterized by lack of ganglion cells/enteric nervous plexus insegment on intestinal biopsy. Hirschsprung's disease

Dx : Early bilious vomiting and proximal stomach distension Duodenal atresiaRisk of Hirschprung's disease is increased with which genetic abnormality? Down syndrome

Duodenal atresia is associated with which genetic abnormality? Down syndromeDx : Premature baby. Necrosis of intestinal mucosaa and possible perforation. NecrotizingenterocolitisDx : Acute bowel obstruction, history of recent surgery. AdhesionWhich part of the GI tract does ischaemic colitis commonly occur? Splenic flexure.Dx : Dilation of vessels in GIT, leading to bleeding. Most often found in cecum and ascendingcolon. AngiodysplasiaDx : Hamartomatous polyps of colon and small intestine. Hyperpigmented mouth, lips, hands,

genitalia. Peutz-Jeghers syndromeDx : Tumor of endrocrine cells. Commonly located in small intestine. Carcinoid syndromeDx : Dense core bodies seen on EM. Wheezing, right sided heart murmurs, diarrhea,flushing. Carcinoid syndrome.Dx : AST more than ALT Alcoholic hepatitisDx : ALT more than AST Viral hepatitisCeruloplasmin will decrease in which disease? Wilson's diseaseDx : Child. Hepatomegaly and encephalopathy. Fatty liver, hypoglycemia, coma. Associatedwith viral infection that has been treated with salicylates. Reye's syndromeDx : Young women. Liver inflammation symptoms. Positive ANA and anti-smooth muscle


10/33

antibodies. Autoimmune hepatitisDx : Neonate. Liver inflammation symptoms. Biopsy shows multinucleated giant cells.Neonatal hepatitisDx : Describe the ALT / AST levels in fulminant hepatic failure. Decreased (cuz liverparenchyma destroyed)Dx : Micronodular, ireegularly shrunken liver with "hobnail" appearance. Sclerosis around thecentral vein. Alcoholic cirrhosisIn relation to the liver, increased AFP is an indication of what? Hepatocellular carcinoma

Dx : Occlusion of IVC or hepaticc veins with centrilobular congestion and necrosis, leading tocongestive liver disease. Budd Chiari syndromeDx : Liver congestion signs, but absence of jugular venous distention. Budd Chiari syndromeDx : Neonatal hepatitis, PAS positive globules in liver. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.Dx : Concentric "onion skin" bile duct fibrosis Primary sclerosing cholangitisDx : Jaundice, fever, right upper quadrant pain Cholelithiasis/cholangitis (charcot's triad ofcholangitis)Dx : Air can be seen in biliary tree on imaging. Gallstone obstructs ileocecalvalve. (there is a fistula between gallbladder and small intestine)Dx : Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back, anorexia, nausea. Elevated amylase andlipase. Acute pancreatitis


11/33


CARDIOLOGY: HIGH YIELD - INTERNAL MEDICINE1. Stable angina chest discomfort, can be felt in back/arms/jaw/abdm, occurswith stress/emotion, relief with rest, Dx by stress test. Tx with nitrates, bb, Cabs,heparin, aspirin, if 3 vessels or L main do CABG2. Unstable angina unpredictable at rest or abruptly worsening pattern of angina,

prolonged duration (>20), Dx by ECG (st depression/t inversion) or cath shows CAD, butnegative cardiac markers, Tx with nitrates, cabs, bb, heparin3. Variant/Prinzmetal Angina chest pain at rest, ST elevation (note the 3 causes of STelevation are MI (inferior (LDA) is II, III AVF; lateral (circumflex a)is I, AVL, V5, V6; anterior isV1-V4), Pericarditis (diffuse, meaning every lead has it), and Variant Angina) with negativemarkers. Treat with Ca-channel blockers (Cabs) or nitrates.4. Acute MI chest discomfort, crushing pain without warning (females and diabetics getatypical chest pain, which is abdm pain, fatigue, neck pain or weakness), prolonged duration(hours), ECG may be abnormal (st elevation or depression), increased markers, Tx withMONA, ACEI, heparin, bb, tPAs if 60, subtract one). >2 risk factors: diet if>160, drugs if >190; 2 or more risk factors: diet if >130, drugs if >160, pt has CHD: diet if>100, drugs if >130.6. Causes of high output heart failure severe anemia, thyrotoxicosis, acute beriberi,pagets dz, large AV fistula7. Acute Pulmonary edema tx 1st upright position and O2, 2nd loops, nitrates,morphine, and 3rd intubate if severe.8. HOCM tx 1st avoid dehydration, 2nd strenuous activity prohibited, 3rd BB, 4thCabs, 5th surgical myectomy. Best dx is history (screen family) and physical, then Echo.

9. Restrictive CM JVD, edema and ascites, Dx by echo, tx 1st diuretics/ decrease salt10. Myocarditis history or URI (coxsackie) then fever, dyspnea, CP, edema, tachy11. Acute Pericarditis positional CP, Tx with NSAIDS12. Pericardial effusion pericardial friction rub, Tx with pericardiocentesis13. Tamponade becks triad (JVD, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxicus withhypotension), Tx with pericardiocentesis14. Constrictive pericarditis pericardial knock, kussmaul breathing, CXR showspericardial calcification, Tx with diuretics15. Acute RF PECCS (polyarthrtitis, erythema marginatum, carditis, chorea, subQnodules) in kids 5-15yo due to group A strep. Tx is Abx, bed rest, salicylates, sedatives for

chorea, steroids for carditis.16. Mitral stenosis most associated with RHD, LA enlargement hoarseness,dysphagia, and A.fib, diastolic rumble at LV apex, Tx with diuretics, coumadin for a.fib,endocarditis prophylaxis, balloon vulvoplasty17. Mitral regurge associated with marfans, RHD, myxomatous change, high-pitchedholosystolic murmur at left sternal border, Tx with diuretics, dilators, endocarditis prophylaxis,mitral valve respacement/repair18. Aortic regurge congenital, marfans, trauma, aortitis, high-pitched decrescendodiastolic murmur at left sternal border anDisorderr apex and wide pressure, Tx with valvediuretics, dilators, endocarditis prophylaxis, valve replacement (last)19. Aortic stenosis calcific in elderly, bucuspid in congenital, angina, dyspnea, syncope,


12/33

mid-late systolic murmur at base radiating to carotids, Tx with replacement (1st step)20. Endocarditis if dental procedure give amoxicillin (clindamycin if allergic), if GI/GUprocedure give amoxicillin with gentamycin (vanco with gentamycin in allergic)21. VSD membranous septum, harsh systolic murmur at L sternal border, spontaneousclosure in 30-50%, tx for small vsd observe, for large vsd and significant shunt, surgicalrepair and endocarditis prophylaxis.22. ASD wide, fixed splitting S2, tx if small observe, if large surgery23. PDA machinery murmur, wide systemic pulse pressure, Tx with indomethacin then

surgery24. Aortic Coarctation UE HTN with LE hypotension, rib notching, LE claudication, HA, dxwith MRA or contrast aortography, tx is surgery (best at 4-8yo).25. Tetralogy of Fallot PROVe (Pulm HTN, RVH, Overriding aorta, VSD), kid squats toincrease systemic resistance, thus decreased R to L shunt, cyanosis in kid >1yo, CXR withboot shaped heart, confirm dx with cath, tx is surgery, endo prophylaxis26. Transposition of great vessels MCC of cyanosis in 24hrs of birth, Tx with surgery27. Initial Txs: CHF thiaz, bb, acei, arb, aldo ant; Post-MI bb, acei, aldo ant; DM acei, bb, thiaz, arb; recurrent strokes thiaz, acei28. Hyperaldosteronism hypokalemic met alkalosis, PRA ratio, captopril-suppression test,high aldo level, 24hr urinary aldo, salt loading test29. Pheochromocytoma 24hr ur ine collection for VMA, MRI to visualize adrenal tumors,MIBG if chemistries positive by CT/MRI are negative.30. Renal artery stenosis renal U/S with Doppler, captopril scanning, CT/MRA, high renin,ACEI contraindicated if B/L31. Urgent v Emergent HTN Urgent is just one high reading (give nitroprusside orlobetolol, wait til BP goes down and d/c home). Emergent is when there are signs of end-organ damage (must admit and do workup).32. PAD claudication, rest pain, ulceration at medial ankle, Dx by ankle-brachial indexbefore/after exercise, angiography, MCC is atherosclerosis, Tx with meds (pentoxyfylline,cilastazol, cabs), angioplasty/stenting, avoid constricting drugs (bb)

33. Temporal Arteritis - >55yo pt with HA, scalp tenderness, visual s/s, next step is low-dosesteroids (before temporal a biopsy or getting ESR).34. Polyerteritis HTN, abdominal pain, numbness in legs, skin findings, cns s/s, Dx bybiopsy, tx with steroids.35. AV Fistula thrill/bruit over fistula (buzzing sound), Dx by angiography, Tx with surgicalexcision, if congenital do conservative management instead.36. Varicose veins pain, pigmentation, superficial ulcer, Tx with elastic stockings37. Superficial thrombophlebitis pain, erythema, embolism is rare, Tx with warmcompression, limb elevation and NSAIDS.38. Deep vein thrombophlebitis pain, swelling, fever, + Homans sign, PE is risk, so mustdo plethysmography or Doppler, Tx with heparin/warfarin, filter if recurrent.39. Dissecting aortic aneurysm sharp CP radiating to back, Dx by CT, TEE or MRI, tx 1st decrease BP (nitroprusside), 2nd - If ascending aorta (up to aortic arch) do surgery, ifdescending aorta use meds40. Abdominal aortic aneurysm bruit, dx with U/S, see abdominal notes41. Aneurysm of thoracic aorta (nondissecting) may compress adjacent structurescausing CP, dysphagia, hoarseness, Dx by aortography, Atherosclerosis is MCC, also due tocystic medial necrosis. Tx with surgical graft replacement.MI Day 1 : 4 Hrs+: Coagulative Necrosis, contraction bands. Dark mottling. Tetrazolium Stainpale.MI Day 2-4 : Coagulative necrosis. Inflammation: neutrophils & dilated vessels(hyperemic).


13/33

ARRHYTHMIA RISKMI Day 5-10 : Macrophage-mediated tissue removal. Yellow-brown. Soft. RUPTURE RISKMI Week 7 : Fibrovascular tissue. VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM RISKMI Protein Markers : Troponin (4 hrs-1 week)> CK-MB (Cardiac & Skeletal muscle, riseslater) > AST (Cardiac, skeletal muscle & liver)MI Complications : Arrythmia (early), LV Failure->PE, Cardiogenic shock, Wall/papillaryrupture, Aneurysm (low CO, arrythmia, embolus), Fibrinous pericarditis, Dressler's Syndrome(AI)

in cardiology MI,CHDs,Arrythmias are most commonlyasked.......


14/33


DRUGS AND SIDE EFFECTS

Agranulocytosis ClozapineAplastic Anemia

Chloramphenicol NSAIDs BenzeneAtropine-like Side Effects TricyclicsCardiotoxicity Doxorubicin DaunorubicinCartilage Damage in children fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)Cinchonism QuinidineCoronary Steal Phenomenon Dipyridamole

Corneal micro deposits AmiodaroneCough ACE InhibitorsDiabetes InsipidusLithiumDisulfiram-like effect Metronidazole Sulfonylureas (1st generation)Extrapyramidal Side Effects Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)

Fanconis Syndrome TetracyclineFatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis) Valproic Acid Halothane AcetaminophenGingival Hyperplasia PhenytoinGray Baby Syndrome ChloramphenicolGynecomastia Cimetidine Azoles Spironolactone Digitalis Estrogen & testosterone INH & ethionamide Clomiphine Phenytoin Reserpine & Methyldopa

Hand Foot Syndrome 5-Flurouracil (5-FU)Hemolytic Anemia in G6PD-deficiency Sulfonamides Isoniazid Aspirin Ibuprofen PrimaquineHemorrhagic Cystitis Cyclophosphamide Ifosamide (Treat by Mesna & Acetylcysteine Bladder Wash)Hepatitis IsoniazidHot Flashes, Flushing niacin Tamoxifen Ca++ Channel Blockers


15/33

Hypertension: Postural PrazocinHypertension: Rebound Clonidine withdrawalIncreased intra cranial tension ( ICT) Amiodarone Hypervitaminosis A OCPs Tetracycline QuinolonesInduce CP450 Barbiturates Phenytoin Carbamazepine Rifampin

Inhibit CP450Cimetidine Erythromycin Ketoconazole Isoniazid (INH) [remember CEKI]Interstitial Nephritis Methicillin NSAIDs (except Aspirin) Furosemide SulfonamidesMilk Alkali Syndrome Calcium Carbonate (CaCo3)Monday Disease Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure tolerance during week loss of tolerance duringweekend headache, tach, dizziness upon re-exposureNephrotoxicity Cephaloridine Gentamycin AmphotericinOrange Body Fluids RifampinOsteoporosis Heparin CorticosteroidsPancreatitis L-Asparginase GlucocorticoidsPhotosensitivity Lomefloxacin PefloxacinPositive Coombs Test Methyldopa

Pulmonary Fibrosis Bleomycin AmiodaroneRabbit Syndrome (Perioral tremors) PhenothiazinesRed Man Syndrome Vancomycin (rapid IV)Severe HTN with Tyramine MAOIsSLE- Drug Induced[Anti Histone Antibody Characteristic of this] Chloropromazine Hydralazine Isoniazid Methyldopa Procainamide Quinidine [ remember CHIMP -Q]Tardive Dyskinesia Antipsychotics (Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine)Tinnitus Aspirin QuinidineTorsades de Pontis Terfanadin


16/33


IMPORTANY BODIES

Starry sky pattern? Burkitt's lymphomamost commonly recieves mets? Adrenal gland (rich blood supply)most common testicular tumor in children? in Men? Yolk sac tumor, Seminoma

Auer's rods? Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)-M3Aschoff's bodies? Rheumatic feverBirbeck granules? Histiocytosis XNeurofibrillary tangles? Alzheimer's diseaseBence-Jones proteinuria? Multiple myelomaCal-Exner bodies? Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovaryCowdry type A bodies? Herpes virusCodman's triangle on an x-ray? OsteosarcomaCouncilman bodies? Toxic or viral hepatitisCalf pseudohypertrophy? Duchenne's muscular dystrophyReed-Sternberg cells? Hodgkin's lymphoma

Heinz bodies? G-6-PD deficiencyHomer-Wright rosettes? NeuroblastomaCurschmann's spirals? Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)Kayser-Fleischer rings? Wilson's diseaseLewy bodies? Parkinson's disease]Orphan Annie cells? Papillary carcinoma of the ovaryRussell bodies? Multiple myelomaReinke's crystals? Leydig cell tumorBlue sclera? Osteogenesis imperfectaSoap-bubble appearance on an x-ray? Giant cell tumor of the bone

Pseudorosettes? Ewing's sarcomaLucid interval? Epidural hematomaBloody tap on lumbar puncture? Subarachnoid hemorrhagePseudopalisades? Glioblastoma multiformeCharcot-Leyden crystals? Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)Cafe au fait spot on the skin? NeurofibromatosisStreaky ovaries? Turner's syndromeKeratin pearls? Squamous cell carcinomaSignet ring cells? Gastric carcinomaMallory's bodies? Chronic alcoholismBlue-domed cysts? Fibrocystic change of the breast

Schiller-Duval bodies? Yolk sac tumorSenile plaques? Alzheimer's diseaseWBCs in the urine? Acute cystitisRBCs in the ur ine? Bladder carcinomaRBC casts in the urine? Acute glomerulonephritisWBC casts in the urine? Acute pyelonephritisRenal epithelial casts in the urine? Acute toxic or viral nephrosisWaxy casts? Chronic end-stage renal diseaseCause of chronic metal poisoning? LeadCause of congenital cyanotic heart disease? Tetralogy of Fallot


17/33

Congenital cardiac anomaly? Ventricular septal defect (VSD)Cardiac tumor? Left atrial myxomaVasculitis? Temporal arteritisPrimary tumor of the liver? Hemangioma (benign)Primary malignant tumor of the lungs? Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)most Cause of nephrotic syndrome? Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritismost cause of nephrotic syndrome in children? Lipoid nephrosismost common: Organism that causes pyelonephritis? Escherichia coli

most common: Renal cell cancer type? Clear cellmost common: Tumor of the liver? Metastatic cancer (GI, breast, lungs)most common: Malignant tumor of the esophagus? Squamous cell carcinomamost common: Tumor arising within the bone? Multiple myelomamost common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the world? Cervicalneoplasiamost common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the US?Adenocarcinoma of the cervixmost common: Tumor of the female genitourinary tract? Leiomyomamost common: Benign tumor of the ovary? Serocystadenomamost common: Benign tumor of the breast? Fibroadenomamost common: Benign lesion that affects the breast? Fibrocystic change of the breastmost common: Malignant tumor of the breast? Invasive ductal carcinomamost common: Tumor in men between the ages of 15 and 35? Testicular tumorsmost common: Germ cell tumor in men? Seminomamost common: Testicular tumor in infants and children? Yolk sac tumormost common: Malignant germ cell tumor in women? Choriocarcinomamost common: Solid tumor in the body? Nephroblastomamost common: Acquired GI emergency of infancy? Necrotizing enterocolitis of infancymost common: Primary malignant tumor of the ovary? Serocystadenocarcinomamost common: Cardiac tumor of infancy? Rhabdomyoma

most common: Acute metal poisoning? Arsenicmost common: Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ? Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)most common: Malignant tumor in the bone of teenagers? Osteosarcomamost common: Site of a cerebral infarct? Middle cerebral artery


18/33


Which RNA is the most abundant? rRNA - rampantWhich RNA is the longest? mRNA - massiveWhich RNA is the smallest? tRNA - tinyWhich RNA polymerase encodes rRNA? RNA polymerase I (site of action ofRifampin)

Which RNA polymerase encodes mRNA? RNA polymerase II (site of -amantinWhich RNA polymerase encodes tRNA? RNA polymerase IIIIMP GENETIC DISEASESWhich diseases are caused by trinucleotide repeats? Huntington's, myotonic dystophy,Fragile X, and Friedreich's ataxiaWhich trisomy has mental retardation, flat face, epicanthal folds, a simian crease, doudenalatresia, and and ASD? Down's Syndrome (21)Which trisomy has rocker-bottom feet, micrognathia, low set ears, clenched hands, andcongenital heart disease? Edward's Syndrome (18)Which trisomy has rocker-bottom feet, microphthalmia, microcephaly, cleft lip/palate,holoprosencephaly, and polydactyly? Patau Syndrome (13)Which disorder is characterized by elfin faces, mental retardation, hypercalcemia, extremefriendliness to strangers? William's Syndrome (think of Will ferrel in ELF)Cri-du-chat is caused by microdeletion of what chromosome? Chromosome 5pWhat is the cause of DiGeorge Syndrome (Velocardiofacial syndrome)? 22q11 deletionWhat disease is caused by lack of -galactosidase A? Fabry's DiseaseWhat disease is caused by lack of -glucocerebrosidase? Gaucher's DiseaseWhat disease is caused by lack of Sphingomyelinase? Niemann-Pick DiseaseWhat disease is caused by lack of Hexosaminidase A? Tay-SachsWhat disease is caused by lack of Galactocerebrosidase? Krabbe's DiseaseWhat disease is caused by lack of arylsulfatase A? Metachromatic leukodystophy

What disease is caused by lack of -L-iduronidase? Hurler's SyndromeWhat disease is caused by lack of Iduronate sulfatase? Hunter's SyndromeWhich Lysosomal storage diseases are passed in an X-Linked recessive fashion? (rest arerecessive) Hunter's and Fabry's DiseaseWhich Lysosomal storage disease has a cherry red spot? Niemann-Pick and Tay-SachsDiseaseWhich LSD has Crumpled tissue paper cytoplasm? Gaucher's DiseaseWhich LSD has Onion skin lysosomes? Tay-SachsWhich LSD has Foam cells? Niemann-Pick DiseaseWhat is the difference between Hunter's and Hurler's Hurler's has corneal clouding, Hunter's

does ntWhich disease is cause by lack of Glucose-6-phosphatase? Von GierkesWhich disease is caused by lack of -1,4-glucosidase (acid maltase)? Pompe's DiseaseWhich disease is caused by lack of -1,6-glucosidase (debranching enzyme)? Cori's DiseaseWhich disease is caused by lack of glycogen phosphorylase? McArdle's DiseaseWhich diseases causes severe fasting hypoglycemia, glycogen buildup in liver, increaseblood lactate, and hepatomegaly? Von GierkesWhich disease causes Cardiomegaly and early death? Pompe's Disease (Pompe's trashesthe pump)Which disease causes fasting hypoglycemia, some glycogen buildup, and increased bloodlactate, and hepatomegaly? Cori's Disease (hard to differentiate between Von Gierkes


19/33


AUTOANTIBODIES IMP FOR FMGE

Antigliadin -- Celiac diseaseANtimitochondrial -- Primary biliary cirrhosis

Antiplatelet -- Idiopathic immune thrombocytic purpuraAnti-basement membrane -- Goodpastures syndromeAnti SS-A (anti-Ro) & Anti SS-B (anti-La) -- Sjogrens syndromeAnti ds DNA & Anti Sm (ANAs) -- SLEAntihistone -- Drug induced lupusAnti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl 70) -- Diffuse SclerodermaAnticentromere -- CREST SyndromeAnti-IgG (Rheumatoid factor) -- Rheumatoid arthritisAntithyroglobulin & Antithyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal) -- Hashimotos thyroiditisAnti-desmoglein 3 -- Pemphigus vulgaris

c-ANCA -- Wegener granulomatosisp-ANCA -- Microscopic polyangitis & Churg-Strauss syndromeAntiphospholipid -- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Ex:SLE)Anti-perietalcell -- Pernicious anemia


MURMURSCarey Coombs murmur- Mid diastolic murmur, in rheumatic fever

Austin Flint murmur- mid- late diastolic murmur,in Aortic Regurgitation.Graham- Steel murmur- high pitched, diastolic, in pulmonary regurgitation.Rytands murmur - mid diastolic atypical murmur, in Complete heart block.Docks murmur-diastolic murmur, Left Anterior Descending(LAD) artery stenosis.Mill wheel murmur- due to air in RV cavity following cardiac catheterization.Stills murmur- inferior aspect of lower left sternal border, systolic ejection sound,vibratory/musical quality,in subaortic stenosis, small VSD
http://aippg.net/members/neha-gupta.228037/http://aippg.net/members/neha-gupta.228037/


20/33


MOST COMMON CAUSE ASKED IN PREVIOUS EXAMINATIONS==================================================

MCC of intracranial metastasis-Ca lung

MCC of hepatic metastasis - Bronchogenic carcinoma

MCC of hepatic mets from GIT Colonic ca

MCC of Intrauterine Growth retardation-C/c pyelonephritis?

MCC of HTN in children-A/c Glomerulonephritis

MC complication of CSOM-Temporal lobe abscess

MC ovarian tumour in pregnancy-Teratoma/Dermoid cyst

MC joint involved in Osteo Arthritis-Knee joint

MCC of interstitial/atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma

MC Glycogen storage disease-Gauchers disease

MC porphyria-Porphyria cutanea tarda.

MC cause of childhood nephrotic syndrom-Minimal change disease

MC cause of adult nephrotic syndrome- Membranous glomerulonephritis.

MC cancer-Lung cancer

MC cancer in females-Breast cancer

MC cause of maternal deaths-Obstetric hemorrhage(PPH)

MC cause of Blindness in India-Cataract

MC site of Gastrinoma- Duodenum.

MC Paraneoplastic Syndrome-Hypercalcemia

MC paraneoplastic endocrinopathy-Cushings syndrome

mc presentation of meckels diverticulumbleeding

mc s/e of radiation on heart pericardial effusion

m.c. cause of cushings disease- pituitary microadenoma

mcc of primary hyperaldosteronism- b/l cortical hyperplasia

mc aldosterone producing adrenal tumour- u/l adrenal adenoma

mcc of post trauma vegetative state- diffuse axonal injury


21/33

mc asso anomaly with coarctation of aorta- bicuspid aortic valve

mcc of vasculitis in child- henoch-schonlein purpura

mc feature of aortitis on x-ray- calcified ascending aorta

MC intra-abdominal malignancy in children Neuroblastoma2nd MC intra-abdominal malignancy in children Wilms tumor

MC hepatic malignancy in children HepatoblastomaMC soft tissue sarcoma RhabdomyosarcomaMC site for rhabdomyosarcoma Head and neckMC Pediatric tumor ALL2nd MC Pediatric tumor Brain tumorMC brain tumor in children AstrocytomaMC brain tumor in infancy SupratentorialMC brain tumor between 1-10 yrs of age InfratentorialMC brain tumor after 10 yrs of age SupratentorialMC embryonal brain tumor MedulloblastomaMC renal mass in neonates Multicystic renal dysplasia

MC malignant tumor of kidney Wilms tumor

mc tumours in parts of mediastinum-

anterior- thymomasmid- cystposterior- neurogenic tu

mc tumour of mediastinum- neurogenic tumost malignant masses of mediastinum- lymphomas

mc site of colonic volvulus- sigmoid

MC cause of renal artery stenosis

old age- atherosclerosisyoung(india)- Takayasu arteritisyoung( western world)- fibro muscular dysplasiaMC of eye in AIDS1. Lesion- microvasculopathy of conjunctiva and retina2. Infection- chorioretinitis3. Neoplasm- kaposi sarcoma

4. Cause of chorioretinitis- CMV5. Finding in HIV retinopathy- cotton wool spots6. Rx of CMV retinitis- ganciclovir,foscarnet

MOST COMMON site in GIT

small bowel carcinoid-ILEUM

Ulcerative colitis,hirsprung disease-RECTUM

Polyps in peutz jegher syndrome,pneumatosis cystoid intestinaleJEJUNUM


22/33

Amoebic colitis,volvulus-SIGMOID COLON

Bleeding from angiodysplasia-RIGHT COLON

Brenners gland-1ST PART OF DUODENUM

MC cause of maternal death- obst haemorrhage

MC of isoniazid resistance- kat G gene mutatio


AUTOANTIBODIES IMP FOR FMGE

Antigliadin -- Celiac diseaseANtimitochondrial -- Primary biliary cirrhosisAntiplatelet -- Idiopathic immune thrombocytic purpuraAnti-basement membrane -- Goodpastures syndrome

Anti SS-A (anti-Ro) & Anti SS-B (anti-La) -- Sjogrens syndromeAnti ds DNA & Anti Sm (ANAs) -- SLEAntihistone -- Drug induced lupusAnti-topoisomerase I (anti-Scl 70) -- Diffuse SclerodermaAnticentromere -- CREST SyndromeAnti-IgG (Rheumatoid factor) -- Rheumatoid arthritisAntithyroglobulin & Antithyroid peroxidase (antimicrosomal) -- Hashimotos thyroiditisAnti-desmoglein 3 -- Pemphigus vulgarisc-ANCA -- Wegener granulomatosisp-ANCA -- Microscopic polyangitis & Churg-Strauss syndromeAntiphospholipid -- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Ex:SLE)Anti-perietalcell -- Pernicious anemia


23/33


For MRSA Infection-VancomycinFor Malaria in Pregnancy-ChloroquineFor Whooping Cough or Perteusis- ErythromycinFor Kawasaki disease-IV IgFor Warferin Overdose-Vit-K

For Heparin Overdose-ProtamineFor hairy Cell Leukemia-CladirabineFor Multiple Myeloma- MelphalanFor CML-ImatinibFor Wegner's granulomatosis-CyclophosphamideFor HOCM- PropranololFor Delirium Tremens-DiazepamFor Drug Induced Parkinsonism-BenzhexolFor Diacumarol Poisoning-Vit-KFor Type-1 Lepra Reaction-SteroidsFor Type- 2 Lepra Reaction-ThalidomideFor Allergic Contect Dermatitis-SteroidsFor PSVT- 1st-Adenosine, 2nd-Verapamil, 3rd-DigoxinFor Z-E Syndrome- Proton Pump InhibitorFor Chancroid-CotrimoxazoleFor Dermatitis Herpetiformis-DapsoneFor Spastic Type of Cerebral Palsy-DiazepamFor Herpis Simplex Keratitis-TrifluridineFor Herpes Simplex Orolabialis-PancyclovirFor Neonatal Herpes Simplex-AcyclovirFor Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia- CotrimoxazoleFor Nodulo Cystic Acne-Retinoic acid

For Trigeminal Neuralgia-CarbamezapineFor Actinomycosis-PenicillinFor Plague- StreptomycinFor Opioid Withdrawal- Methadone 2nd-ClonidineFor Alcohol Withdrawal- Chlordiazepoxide 2nd-DiazepamFor Post Herpetic Neuralgia- FluphenazineFor WEST Syndrome-ACTHFor Diabetic Diarrhoea- ClonidineFor Lithium Induced Neuropathy-Amiloride


24/33


LIST OF SYNDROMESSYNDROMES

ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME: Radiation exposure.12 hours post-exposure: Vomiting

24 hours post-exposure: Prostration (extreme exhaustion), fever, diarrheaLater: Petechial hemorrhage, hypotension, tachycardia, profuse bloody diarrhea, maybedeath.

CHINESE RESTAURANT SYNDROME: MSG reaction ------> Chest Pain, burning sensationover parts of body.

BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROME: Damage (injury) to half of spinal cord ------> symptoms:Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body.Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.

EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME: Ventricular-Septal Defect ------> Pulmonary hypertensionand cyanosis.

FLOPPY-VALVE SYNDROME: Mitral Incompetence due to myxomatous degeneration of theleaflets.

BEHCET'S SYNDROME: Vasculitis ------> secondary symptoms:Oral and genital ulcersUveitisOptic atrophy

SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME: Pain in shoulder and swelling in hand, sometimes occurring

after Myocardial Infarction.

SICK SINUS SYNDROME: Chaotic atrial activity; continual changes in P-Waves. Bradycardia,alternating with recurrent ectopic beats and runs of tachycardia.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME: Caused by a tumor. Obstruction of SVC ------>EdemaEngorgement of the vessels of face, neck, and arms.Nonproductive coughDyspnea

TAKAYASU'S SYNDROME: Arteritis of the Aortic Arch, resulting in no pulse. Seen in youngwomen.

WOLF-PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME: ECG pattern of Paroxysmal Tachycardia.Short PR intervalDelta wave = early QRS complex.

ASHERMAN'S SYNDROME: Adhesions within the endometrial cavity, causing amenorrheaand infertility.Adhesions probably were caused by surgery.

CARCINOID SYNDROME: Carcinoid tumor producing Bradykinin + Serotonin ------>


25/33

secondary symptoms:Cyanotic flushingDiarrheaBronchial spasmEdema, ascites.

GARDNER'S SYNDROME: Multiple inherited tumors, hereditary dominant trait.Skull osteomas, Fibromas, Epidermoid cysts

Colonic polyposis (APC gene) ------> predisposition to colonic adenocarcinoma.

LAMBERT-EATON SYNDROME: Progressive proximal muscle weakness secondary to acarcinoma.MEIGS' SYNDROME: Fibroma of ovary with ascites and hydrothorax

PANCOAST SYNDROME: Tumor near pulmonary apex ------>Neuritic pain of chest and armMuscle atrophy of the armHorner's Syndrome (impaired cervical sympathetics)

PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME: Polyposis (hamartomas) of small intestineAlso see melanin pigmentation of buccal mucosa and skin around mouth and lips

DANDY-WALKER SYNDROME: Obstruction of Foramina of Magendie and Luschka in infants------> Hydrocephalus.

DIGEORGE SYNDROME: Congenital absence of 3rd and 4th Branchial Arches (Thymus andParathyroid Glands) ------> secondary symptoms:No cell-mediated immunity ------> Frequent viral and fungal infectionsCharacteristic facial deformities

DOWN SYNDROME: Trisomy 21. Mental retardation, characteristic facial features, Simeoncrease in hand.FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type I: Bone-marrow hypoplasia ------> refractory anemia,pancytopenia.

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME: Fetal malformations, growth deficiencies, craniofacialanomalies, limb defects.

GOODPASTURE'S SYNDROME: Autoantibodies against basement membranes ------>Glomerulonephritis (kidney) and hemoptysis (lungs).Often, death by renal failure

KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: Trisomy XXY ------> testicular atrophy, increase ingonadotropins in urine.

LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME: Deficiency of HGPRT (Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phospho-ribosyltransferase ------>Hyperuricemia, uric acid kidney stonesChoreoathetosisMental retardation, autism, spastic cerebral palsyX-Linked recessive

MARFAN SYNDROME: Connective Tissue disorder ------>


26/33

Arachnodactyly: Abnormally long digits and extremitiesSubluxation of lensDissecting aortic aneurism

POSTRUBELLA SYNDROME: Infantile defects resulting from maternal Rubella infectionduring first trimester.Microphthalmos, cataractsDeafness

Mental retardationPatent ductus arteriosis, Pulmonary arterial stenosis

PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME: Short stature, mental retardation, polyphagia with markedobesity, sexual infantilism.

RENDU-OSLER-WEBER SYNDROME: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME: Unexplained death in sleeping infants.

TURNER'S SYNDROME: XO monosomy.DwarfismWebbed neckValgus of elbow.Amenorrhea

WILSON SYNDROME: Congenital defect in Ceruloplasmin, leading to buildup of copper ------> mental retardation, cirrhosis, hepatolenticular degeneration.

CONN'S SYNDROME: Primary Hyperaldosteronism ------> muscular weakness,hypertension, hypokalemia, alkalosis.

CUSHING'S SYNDROME: Hypersecretion of cortisol ------> secondary symptoms andcharacteristics:

Fatness of face and trunk with wasting of extremitiesBuffalo humpBone decalacificationCorticoid diabetesHypertension

SHEEHAN'S SYNDROME: Post-partum pituitary necrosis ------> hypopituitarism.

KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME: Situs Inversus (lateral transposition of lungs) resulting fromchronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis.

MIDDLE-LOBE SYNDROME: Chronic pneumonitis and atalectasis of middle lobe of rightlung.

CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis: Asthma, fever, eosinophilia.INFECTIOUS

GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: Infectious Polyneuritis of unknown cause.HUNT'S SYNDROME: Herpe's Zoster infection of Facial Nerve (CN VII) and GeniculateGanglion ------> facial palsy.Zoster of ear

PARINAUD'S SYNDROME: Preauricular lymph node enlargement on the same side as


27/33

conjunctivitis.

REYE'S SYNDROME: Loss of consciousness and seizures in kids, after a viral infectiontreated by aspirin.

REITER'S SYNDROME: Symptom cluster. Etiology is thought to be Chlamydial or post-chlamydial.UrethritisIridocyclitis (Conjunctivitis)ArthritisSkin lesions like karatoderma blenorrhagicumAlso can see fatty liver or liver necrosis.

SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME: S. Aureus toxic epidermal necrolysis.STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Erythema Multiforme complication.Large areas of skin slough, including mouth and anogenital membranes.Mucous membranes: stomatitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis.Headache, fever, malaise.

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME: Caused by superabsorbent tampons. Infection with StaphAureus and subsequent toxicity of exotoxin TSST ------> systemic anaphylaxis.Fever, vomiting, diarrheaRed rash followed by desquamation

WATERHOUSE-FRIEDRICHSON SYNDROME: Meningeococcal Meningitis ------> DIC,hemorrhagic infarct of adrenal glands ------> fulminant adrenal failure.Vomiting, diarrhea.ShockExtensive purpura, cyanosis, circulatory collapse.

RENAL

BARTTER'S SYNDROME: Juxtaglomerular Cell Hyperplasia ------> secondary symptoms:Hyperaldosteronism, Hypokalemic Alkalosis, elevated renin and angiotensinNo hypertension.Compare to Conn's Syndrome

FANCONI'S SYNDROME Type II: Renal aminoaciduria, glycosuria, hypophosphaturia,cysteine deposition, rickets.

CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME: Compression of Median Nerve through the Carpal Tunnel ---

---> pain and parasthesia over distribution of Median N.ACUTE-BRAIN SYNDROME: Delirium, confusion, disorientation, developing suddenly in aperson that was previously psychologically normal.

HORNER'S SYNDROME: Loss or lesion of cervical sympathetic ganglion ------>Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosisEnophthalmos (caved in eyes)

KORSAKOFF SYNDROME: Loss of short-term memoryin chronic alcoholism, caused by degeneration of mamillary bodies.


28/33

GASTROINTESTINAL

MALLORY-WEISS SYNDROME: Laceration of lower end of esophagus from vomiting ------>hematemesis. Often seen in alcoholics.

MALABSORPTION SYNDROME: Impaired absorption of dietary substance ------> diarrhea,weakness, weight loss, or symptoms from specific deficiencies.

BARRETT SYNDROME: Chronic peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus, resulting in metaplasia

of esophageal columnar epithelium ------> squamous epithelium.

ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME: Gastrin-secreting tumor in pancreas ------> Severepeptic ulcers, gastric hyperacidity.

PLUMMER-VINSON SYNDROME: Esophageal Webs, leading to dysphagis and atrophy ofpapillae of tongue.Also see hypochromic anemia, splenomegaly.

BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME:ACUTE: Hepatic Vein Thrombosis ------> Massive ascites and dramatic death.

CHRONIC: Gradual hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, nausea, vomiting, edema, ulimatelydeath.

DUBIN-JOHNSON SYNDROME: Defect in excretion of conjugated bilirubin ------> recurrentmild jaundice. Buildup of direct builirubin in blood.

CHIDIAK-HIGASHI SYNDROME: Abnormalities in leukocytes with large inclusions.

LOFFLER'S SYNDROME: Eosinophilia with transient infiltrates in lungs.

PARINAUD'S SYNDROME: Preauricular lymph node enlargement on the same side asconjunctivitis.

SJOGREN'S SYNDROME: Autoimmune complexKeratoconjuctivitis Sicca (dry eyes and mouth)Dryness of Mucous membranesTelangiectasias in faceParotid enlargement


29/33


Comparison of hypersensitivity types

type I: Allergy (immediate)AtopyAnaphylaxis

Asthma

II Cytotoxic, antibody-dependent:Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaThrombocytopeniaErythroblastosis fetalisGoodpasture's syndromeMembranous nephropathyGraves' diseaseMyasthenia Gravis

III Immune complex disease:Serum sicknessArthus reactionRheumatoid arthritisPost streptococcal glomerulonephritislupus NephritisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (Hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

IV Delayed-type hypersensitivity[2] [3](DTH), cell-mediated immune memory response,antibody-independent:

Contact dermatitisMantoux testChronic transplant rejectionMultiple sclerosis [4]T-cells

V Autoimmune disease, receptor mediated :Graves' diseaseMyasthenia Gravis


30/33


WHO criteria for obesity, based on BMI:

1. Underweight- 40


K!ssing disease-glandular fever/inf mononucleosisk!ssing ulcer-ant n post duodenal ulcers/vulval ulcerk!ssing tonsils-hyprtrophd parenchymtous tonsils(grade 4)

Kissing virus-EBVKissing peptide-GNRHKissing lesion-donovanosisKissing arthritis-tb kneeKissing app on x-ray-bladder papilloma

Strawberry tongue - Scarlett fever(white followed by red),Kawasaki's disease .Strawberry vagina/cervix - Trichomoniasis .Strawberry Gingivitis - Pathognomic of wegner's granulomatosis .Strawberry Gallbladder - Diffuse cholesterolosis .Strawberry Hemangioma/nevus -Birth marks .

Strawberry picker's Palsy -peroneal nerve compression .strawberry skull-edwards dz


* MEN 1 (Wermer Syndrome) Parathyroid Tumor (Hypercalcemia), PancreaticTumor(Gastrin), Pituitary Adenoma (Prolactin, ACTH).

MEN 2a (Sipple syndrome) Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid (Calcitonin),Pheochromocytoma and Parathyroid Tumor.

MEN 2b Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid, Pheochromocytoma,MarfanoidFeatures/Mucosal Neuromas


31/33


Important culture media you need to know in Microbiology:1. Levinthal & Mannitol salt agar: Staphylococcus Aureus2. Crystal Violet blood agar: Streptococcus pyogenes3. Loeffler's serum slope & Potassium tellurite blood agar: Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae

4. Saboraud's dextrose agar: Nocardia5. Robertson cooked meat medium: All Anaerobic bacteria6. PLET medium: Bacillus Anthracis7. Thayer martin or New york city medium: Gonococcus & Meningococcus8. MacConkey's agar: All Enterobactericeae9. Selenite F Broth & Tetrathionate broth: Salmonella and shigella10. Bordet gengue medium: Bordetella pertussis


VACCINE STRAINS

Measles Edmonston Zogreb StrainTyph-Oral Ty21a StrainChicken Pox OKA StrainRabies Pitts Moore StrainBCG Danish 1331Polio Lancing, Leon, Brunhilde StrainMumps- Jeryll Lynn Strain

Yellow Fever- 17 D vaccine StrainHep A HM175/GBM strainRubella- RA 27/3 StrainDiphtheria- Park Williams 8 Strainjapanese encephalitis: SA 14-14-2, beijing and nakayama strains


32/33


Important culture media you need to know in Microbiology:1. Levinthal & Mannitol salt agar: Staphylococcus Aureus2. Crystal Violet blood agar: Streptococcus pyogenes3. Loeffler's serum slope & Potassium tellurite blood agar: Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae

4. Saboraud's dextrose agar: Nocardia5. Robertson cooked meat medium: All Anaerobic bacteria6. PLET medium: Bacillus Anthracis7. Thayer martin or New york city medium: Gonococcus & Meningococcus8. MacConkey's agar: All Enterobactericeae9. Selenite F Broth & Tetrathionate broth: Salmonella and shigella10. Bordet gengue medium: Bordetella pertussis11. Castneda method: Brucella12. Cetrimide or dettol agar: Pseudomonas13. Lowenstein jensen (L-J medium) or dorset egg medium: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis14. PPLO medium: Mycoplasma15. skirrow's medium: H.pylori


Important shelf-lives of contraceptives you need to know for FMGE:(Shelf-life is only important for IUDs)1. Copper IUDs - 3-5 yrs2. Progestasert - 1 year

3. CuT 200 - 4 years4. Nova T - 5 yrs5. LNG IUD - 7-10 yrs6. CuT 380A - 10 yrs


swimming pool conjuctivitis-chl.trachomatis and adenovirus

Swimmer's itch-schistosoma japonicum

Swimming pool granuloma-m.marinum

swimmers view-best 2view C7&T1

swimming pool urine odor-hawkinsinuria

swimmer ear-ps.aeruginosa

Share This Page


33/33

Forum sof tware by XenForo 2010-2013 XenForo Ltd.
http://xenforo.com/

Documents

Aippg.net-Fmge Important Topics