Air quality in Paris region - · PDF file2012 limit value was exceeded near major roads, as monitored at the Paris ring-road and A1 highway stations. Concerning ozone levels, every

AIR QUALITY IN PARIS REGION 2012

Summary

March 2013

Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary

AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in

AIR QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION

This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of the concentrations for the European Union regulated pollutants The complete report in French can be downloaded at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/_pdf/publications/bilan Air quality complete data in the Paris region chttp://www.airparif.asso.fr/telechargement/telechargement Annual pollution maps are available at All data, reports and studies made by AIRPARIF arewebsite. Any use of part of this report should mention “AIRPARIF Air quality

Cover illustration: roadside monitoring site

AIRPARIF -

7 rue Crillon 75004 PARIS

12: summary - March 2013

etwork in the Paris region

QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION

2012

Summary

March 2013

This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of the concentrations for the European Union regulated pollutants during year 2012.

The complete report in French can be downloaded at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/_pdf/publications/bilan-2012.pdf

Air quality complete data in the Paris region can be found on AIRPARIF website http://www.airparif.asso.fr/telechargement/telechargement-statistique

Annual pollution maps are available at http://www.airparif.asso.fr/etat-air/bilan-annuel-cartes

All data, reports and studies made by AIRPARIF are publicly available. Full and free access is granted on AIRPARIF

Any use of part of this report should mention “AIRPARIF Air quality Assessment Network in the Paris Region”.

Cover illustration: roadside monitoring site Boulevard périphérique Est (photo AIRPARIF)

Contact us

Air quality assessment network in the Paris region

7 rue Crillon 75004 PARIS Phone +33 1 44 59 47 64 Fax +33 1 44 59

www.airparif.asso.fr

1

QUALITY IN THE PARIS REGION

This report is an English summary of the annual report on ambient air quality in the Paris region. It gives an overview of

cartes

. Full and free access is granted on AIRPARIF

Assessment Network in the Paris Region”.

59 47 67

Air quality in the Paris region 2012: summary - March 2013

AIRPARIF – Air quality assessment network in the Paris region

2

I. Key facts for 2012

Year 2012 confirms the overall stability of chronic pollution levels by particles, nitrogen dioxide,

ozone and benzene. These pollutants remain an issue in Ile-de-France regionwith quality

objectives and limit values frequently and substantially exceeded.

In 2012, weather conditions were characterized by a strong variability. During the first three

months, weather conditions were not favourable for atmospheric pollution: an intense cold wave

in February, followed by a very dry and sunny period in March. Therefore, the number of pollution

episodes during that time was important. The rest of the year was characterized by a cool and

rainy summer, except a late heat wave in August, and a mild and rainy autumn, leading to low

pollution levels. Mean levels in 2012 were slightly lower than those in 2011, but were still higher than

those recorded in 2008.

From one year to another, the variations of meteorological conditions could explain most of the

variation of major problematic pollutants levels in the Ile-de-France region. On the other hand,

trends over several years reflect the effects of the mitigation measure implementation and the

technologic evolutions.

� Even if the levels were slightly lower than in 2011, due to more dispersive weather conditions,

2012 confirms the overall stability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels in the greater Paris urban

agglomeration for roadside levels. Away from the traffic, a slight decrease of the levels seems to

be confirmed in 2012.

Along main roads, the levels are in average twice the annual limit value. The limit value is thus

largely exceeded over a wide portion of the Ile-de-France road network, as almost 1,600 km of

roads are concerned. Levels slightly decrease at most sites in 2012. However, other sites are

continuously increasing, especially in the surrounding suburban areas. The limit value is also

exceeded at background sites, away from the traffic, in the centre of the agglomeration.

All in all, around 3 million Ile-de-France inhabitants were potentially exposed in 2012 to NO2 levels

exceeding the annual limit value.

After a period of stability, a slight decrease of background levels of nitrogen dioxide seems to be

observed over the past two years in the agglomeration. More stringent requirements for low

emission vehicles have certainly been a favourable factor, despite the fact that emission

standards are based on NOx and not on NO2. However, primary NO2 emissions from diesel-

powered vehicles are probably linked to a major issue on the evolution of nitrogen dioxide levels,

both at background and at roadside sites. Although the particulate filters that now equip most new

diesel vehicles contribute to reduce particulate emissions, those combined with oxidation catalyst

contribute to a significant increase in NO2 emissions. As a result, the proportion of NO2 in NOx

emissions has been increasing steadily from 1996 to 2010, with an indication of stabilization these

last two years, as indicated by observations made at roadside sites in Ile-de-France.

� Daily and annual limit values for PM10 particles are still greatly exceeded on roadside sites. In

2012, around 2.4 million inhabitants in the agglomeration living close to main roads were

potentially affected by the PM10 particles exceedance of the daily limit value. This is slightly less

than in 2011. In 2012, weather conditions were characterized by a strong variability: an intense

cold wave in February and an average high temperature in March, favourable to PM pollution

episodes but also both an early spring and a very rainy autumn. This has led to a lot of

exceedances of the 50 µg/m3 daily threshold for PM10, but only in the first four months of the year.

Therefore, 2012 average levels are overall below 2011.

For fine particles (PM2.5), in 2012, all the 11.7 million inhabitants of Ile-de-France were potentially

affected by air quality objective exceedance. Background levels away from road traffic were, on

average, 1.5 higher than the objective and up to three times higher on roadside situations. The

2012 limit value was exceeded near major roads, as monitored at the Paris ring-road and A1

highway stations.

� Concerning ozone levels, every year, the quality objective, is exceeded in all parts of the

region, and especially in sub-urban and rural areas. Except a short and late heat wave in August,

summer was overall not very sunny. Ozone levels in 2012 were rather stable compare to 2011, and



3

much lower than those recorded in 2003 and 2006, years in which there were long hot spells

(historical heatwave in August 2003).

� Benzene levels have, overall, been stable for several years, after a long period of reduction

which began at the end of the 1990’s. Although the quality objective for background is met

everywhere, this is not the case at roadside sites where the national quality objective is exceeded

on about 500 km of regional roads. Generally speaking, almost 300,000 Ile-de-France inhabitants,

in the agglomeration and at roadside situations, are potentially exposed to an exceedance of the

annual quality objective for benzene.

Concerning pollution episodes, the information and warning procedure was triggered 44 days in

2012. This significant important number is due to the modification of the regional alert procedure

at the end of 2011that set lower thresholds for PM10. Should similar thresholds had been kept, 2012

would have been similar to 2011.

Most of these episodes are due to PM10 (36 days of exceedance of the information warning

threshold), mainly occurring during the first four months of the year. The alert threshold has been

exceeded 4 times for PM10 in 2012. Three exceedances of the information threshold have been

recorded for ozone in summer, and only one for nitrogen dioxide.

Trend Standards to be met Non-binding standards

2000-2012 Limit value Quality objective Target value

Away

from

traffic

Roadside Away

from

traffic

Roadside Away

from

traffic

Roadside Away

from

traffic

Roadside

PM10 � � Met Exceeded Met Exceeded

PM2.5 � � Met Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded Met Exceeded

NO2 � � Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded Exceeded

O3 � Exceeded Met

Benzène � � Met Met Met Exceeded



4

II. Pollutants exceeding air quality standards

Nitrogen dioxide in brief

Nitrogen dioxide remains an important issue in Ile-de-France:

in 2012, around 3 million inhabitants living in the centre of the agglomeration were potentially

exposed to an exceedance of the annual limit value.

Recurrent limit value exceedances are recorded, especially near road traffic.

A slight decrease of background levels is observed between 2011 and 2012 due to weather

conditions more favourable to dispersion in 2012.

But after a significant decrease of background levels since the beginning of the 2000’s,

concentrations have been overall stable for several years.

The main source of nitrogen dioxide remains road traffic. Levels along major roads can be twice

higher than the air quality standards.

Near road traffic, no improvement is emerging and the increasing proportion of NO2 in NOx

emissions from diesel vehicles equipped with oxidation catalyzed particulate filters is leading to a

raise of mean NO2 concentrations on some sites.

Summary of air quality standards exceedances for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Ile-de-France

very important > + 50 %important + 30 à + 50 %moderate + 10 à + 30 %

light 0 à + 10 %

exceedance intensity no exceedance

2012 2001-2011

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside

Background agglomeration

Rural background Roadside

Annual limit value exceedance * 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011

every year

Hourly limit value exceedance * 2006 to 2011* considering margins of tolerance decreasing from year to year

41

12

108

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Raodside

agglomeration

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

s (µ

g/m

3)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Annual limit valueHighest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France

_____ Limit value

1 0

145

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Raodside

agglomeration

Nu

mb

er

of

ho

urs

ex

cee

din

g

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Hourly limit value(number of hours exceeding the 200 µg/m3 threshold)

Highest monitoring station in 2012 in Ile-de-France

____ Limit value (18 exceedances)



5

Nitrogen dioxide

Figure 1: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean concentration for all monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012

10893

919090

8378

7574

6964646464

6362

595858

5754

4846

4140

3939

3837373737

3636

35343434

3333

323131

3030

2928

2726

2523

2222

2116

129

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Boulevard périphérique AuteuilRN20 Montlhéry

Rue de RivoliRD7 Courbevoie

Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisPlace Victor Basch

Place de l'OpéraRN13 Saint-Germain-en-Laye

Place de la BastilleRN20 Montrouge

Porte de ClignancourtQuai des Célestins

Boulevard HaussmannAutoroute A6a Arcueil

Avenue des Champs ElyséesRue Bonaparte

RN2 PantinPlace Vaugirard - Convention

RN4 Champigny-sur-MarneRN302 VillemombleRN186 Choisy-le-Roi

RD910 SèvresRN6 Melun

Paris 18èmeParis Centre (4ème)

Neuilly-sur-SeineAubervilliers

Nogent-sur-MarneParis 7ème

Paris 12èmeLa Défense

BagnoletIvry-sur-Seine

Paris 6èmeSaint-Denis

Paris 13èmeIssy-les-Moulineaux

Vitry-sur-SeineBobignyCachan

GennevilliersVillemomble

Champigny-sur-MarneArgenteuil

EvryLognes

Tremblay-en-France (P)Gonesse (P)Montgeron

Versailles (P)Garches

Mantes-la-Jolie (P)Melun (P)

Cergy-PontoiseTour Eiffel 3ème étage

Zone rurale SO - Forêt de RambouilletZone rurale SE - Forêt de Fontainebleau

µg/m3

EU Limit value

40 µg/m3

roadside

continuous

sites

urban and suburban (S)

sbackground sites

rural background

sites

specific observation

site

random

sampling

roadside sites



6

Figure 2: nitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012

Figure 3: kilometres of main road network exceeding the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) EU annual limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

Figure 4: trend in surface area exceeding the annual limit value (40 µg/m3 in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

24502150 2210

19501590 1600

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

kil

om

etr

es

of

roa

ds

ex

cee

din

g th

e

NO

2 a

nn

ua

l lim

it v

alu

e

330

280 290270

220 210

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

Su

rfa

ce a

rea

(k

m2)

UE limit value :

40 µg/m3

µg/m3



7

Figure 5: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) level exceeding EU annual limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

Figure 6: trend in the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tri-annual mean concentration, sample of the same six urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1992-1994 to 2010- 2012

Figure 7: trend in the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tri-annual mean concentration, sample of the same five roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1996-1998 to 2010- 2012

4.03.6 3.8 3.5

3.1 3.0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

Inh

ab

ita

nts

(m

illi

on

s)

5456 57 56 57 56 55

5249 48

46 4542 41 40 40 40 39 38

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

19

92

-19

94

19

93

-19

95

19

94

-19

96

19

95

-19

97

19

96

-19

98

19

97

-19

99

19

98

-20

00

19

99

-20

01

20

00

-20

02

20

01

-20

03

20

02

-20

04

20

03

-20

05

20

04

-20

06

20

05

-20

07

20

06

-20

08

20

07

-20

09

20

08

-20

10

20

09

-20

11

20

10

-20

12

µg

/m3

85 85 84 84 83 84 83 84 83 84 84 85 86 87 85

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996-

1998

1997-

1999

1998-

2000

1999-

2001

2000-

2002

2001-

2003

2002-

2004

2003-

2005

2004-

2006

2005-

2007

2006-

2008

2007-

2009

2008-

2010

2009-

2011

2010-

2012

µg

/m3



8

Figure 8: [NO2]/[NOx] ratio trend, averaged roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration (background level subtracted), 1998 to 2012

Figure 9: NO2 annual number of hours exceeding 200 µg/m3 for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012

9.0% 9.3%10.3%

11.3%12.6%

14.0%

15.5%16.9%

18.7%

20.6%21.7%

22.4%23.4%

24.0% 23.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

NO

2/N

Ox

(%)

1996-

1998

1997-

1999

1998-

2000

1999-

2001

2000-

2002

2001-

2003

2002-

2004

2003-

2005

2004-

20062005-

2007

2006-

20082007-

2009

2008-

20102009-

2011

2010-

2012

14513

1087

310000000000000000000000000000000

0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320

Boulevard périphérique AuteuilPlace Victor Basch

Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisPlace de l'Opéra

Quai des CélestinsBoulevard Haussmann

Vitry-sur-SeineAvenue des Champs Elysées

Rue BonaparteParis 7ème

Paris 18èmeEvry

RN6 MelunParis Centre (4ème)

Paris 12èmeParis 13ème

GennevilliersIssy-les-Moulineaux

La DéfenseNeuilly-sur-Seine

AubervilliersBagnoletBobigny

Saint-DenisTremblay-en-France (P)

VillemombleChampigny-sur-Marne

Ivry-sur-SeineLognes

Melun (P)Mantes-la-Jolie (P)

Versailles (P)MontgeronArgenteuil

Gonesse (P)Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau

Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de RambouilletTour Eiffel 3ème étage

µg/m3

EU limit value

18 days of exceedence

roadside sites urban and suburban (S) background sites rural background sites specific observation site



9

Particulate matter in brief

2.4 million inhabitants are potentially exposed to an exceedance of the PM10 daily limit value.

Recurrent and severe exceedances of PM10 limit value near traffic.

PM2.5 background levels are almost twice the quality objective threshold, and 3 times higher near

traffic. All the Ile-de-France inhabitants, that is to say 11.7 million people, would be exposed to an

exceedance of this threshold.

Summary of air quality standards exceedances for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Ile-de-France

2012 2007-2011

Particulate Matter (PM10)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Annual quality objective exceedance 2007, 2009 : max

site = thresholdAnnual limit value exceedance

Daily limit value exceedancemax station =

threshold2007

2012 2007-2011

Particulate Matter (PM2,5)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Quality objective exceedance no measurement

no measurement

French target value exceedance no measurement

2007, 2009 no measurement

Limit value (2015) exceedance no measurement

no measurement every year


non applicable

27

22

55

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Raodside

agglomeration

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

s (µ

g/m

3)

PM10

Quality objective and annual limit value


____ Limit value ____ Quality objective

3421

192

0

35

70

105

140

175

210

245

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Raodside

agglomeration

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ys

PM10

Daily limit value (number of days >= 50 µg/m3)


____ Limit value (35 days)

16

32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Background

agglomeration

Raodside

agglomeration

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

s (µ

g/m

3)

PM2,5

Annual limit value


____ Limit value 2012 ____ Limit value 2015

____ French target value ____ Quality objective


light 0 à + 10 %




10

PM10 Particles

Figure 10: PM10 annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 11: PM10 annual number of days exceeding the 50 µg/m3 EU threshold for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012

5549

4241

4034

3332

2727

262626

252525

2424

232222

2120

19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisBoulevard périphérique Auteuil

RN2 PantinAvenue des Champs Elysées

Place Victor BaschPlace de l'Opéra

Boulevard HaussmannRN6 Melun

GennevilliersParis Centre 4ème

La DéfenseParis 18ème

Vitry-sur-SeineBobigny

Gonesse (S)Tremblay-en-France (S)

Issy-les-MoulineauxCergy-Pontoise

LognesNogent-sur-Marne

Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-TempleZone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin

Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de FontainebleauZone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville

µg/m3

French annual quality objective

30 µg/m3

EU annual limit value

40 µg/m3

roadside sites urban & suburban (S) background sites rural background sites

192135

10674

715049

4334

292828272726252422212121

1717

14

0 35 70 105 140 175 210 245

Autoroute A1 Saint-DenisBoulevard périphérique Auteuil

RN2 PantinPlace Victor Basch

Avenue des Champs ElyséesPlace de l'Opéra

RN6 MelunBoulevard Haussmann

GennevilliersLa Défense

Paris 18èmeBobigny

Vitry-sur-SeineGonesse (S)

Cergy-PontoiseTremblay-en-France (S)

Issy-les-MoulineauxParis Centre 4ème

Nogent-sur-MarneZone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple

Zone rurale Sud - Bois-HerpinZone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau

Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - FrémainvilleLognes

Number of days

EU limit value

35 days of exceeding

roadside sites urban & suburban (S) background sites rural background sites



11

Figure 12: PM10 annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012

Figure 13: Kilometres of roads exceeding the PM10 daily limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

Figure 14: number of days exceeding PM10 50 µg/m3 threshold, average and highest background site

5110

2490

4070

1950

3520 3550

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

Km

of

roa

ds

ex

cee

din

g

the

PM

10

da

iy li

mit

e v

alu

e

31

12

25

15

28

25

39

16

32

22

35 34

0

10

20

30

40

50

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ys

>=

50

µg

/m3

Background sites average Highest background site

(µg/m3)

EU limit value

French

quality

objective



12

Figure 15: Trend in surface area exceeding daily limit value in PM10 in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

Figure 16: Risk of exceeding the EU daily limit value in PM10 in the Paris region, background and roadside

470

150

320

140

260 250

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

Su

rfa

ce a

rea

(k

m2)

Risk to be over 35 days

exceeding 50 µg/m3 PM10

certain exceeding

likely exceeding

improbable

exceeding

No risk



13

Figure 17: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to PM10 level exceeding the EU daily limit value in the Paris region, 2007 to 2011

4,2

1,5

3,0

1,4

2,7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011*

inh

ab

ita

nts

(m

illi

on

s)



14

PM2.5 Particles

Figure 18: PM2,5 annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites (TEOM FDMS) in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 19: annual mean concentration of fine particles PM2,5 in the Paris region and focus on Paris and suburbs, background and roadside in 2012

32

29

20

16

16

16

15

0 10 20 30 40 50

Autoroute A1 Saint-

Denis

Boulevard

périphérique Auteuil

RN6 Melun

Paris Centre (4ème)

Bobigny

Vitry-sur-Seine

Gennevilliers

µg/m3

roadsite sites urban background sites

French quality objective : 10 µg/m3

EU limit value 2015 : 25 µg/m3

French target value 2010 : 20 µg/m3



8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

µg/m3

Target value

20 µg/m3

Quality

objective

10 µg/m3

Limit value

2012: 27 µg/m3

Limit value

2015: 25 µg/m3



15

Ozone in brief

Stabilization of the mean levels increase.

Many exceedances of the quality objective. They are less important than in 2011, despite a short

late heat wave in august, because main part of the summer was mild and rainy.

Summary of air quality standards exceedances for ozone (O3) in Ile-de-France

2012 2001-2011

Ozone (O3)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Quality objective exceedance (health)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (health)

no measurement every year every year no measurement

Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (health) no measurement every year until 2006

every year until 2006

no measurement

Quality objective exceedance (vegetation)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (vegetation)


Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (vegetation) no measurement no measurement

12 12

0

10

20

30

40

50

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ys

Ozone (O3) health

Quality objective and long-term objective


____ Quality objective and long-term objective

no exceeding day

1618

0

10

20

30

40

50

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ys

Ozone (O3) health

Target value


____ Target value (25 days)

9396 9046

0

6000

12000

18000

24000

30000

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

AO

T4

0 (

µg

/m3.h

)

Ozone (O3) vegetation

Quality objective and long-term objective


____ Quality objective

1117212364

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

18000

21000

Background

agglomeration

Background

outside

agglomeration

AO

T4

0 (

µg

/m3.h

)

Ozone (O3) vegetation

Target value


____ Target value


light 0 à + 10 %




16

Ozone

Figure 20: number of days exceeding the French quality objective (=EU long-term objective), threshold 120 µg/m3 8-hour mean, objective = no exceeding) for ozone (O3) in the Paris region, 2002 to 2012

Figure 21: number of days exceeding the threshold of the EU target value for protection of human health (120 µg/m3 8-hour average, not over 25 days of exceeding on a 3 years period) in the Paris region, for the highest monitoring site in urban and rural parts of the region, 1998-2000 to 2010-2012

18

2221

32 3234

27

2422

1415

16 16

2829

23

41

3839

3029

25

1617

18 18

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1998-

2000

1999-

2001

2000-

2002

2001-

2003

2002-

2004

2003-

2005

2004-

2006

2005-

2007

2006-

2008

2007-

2009

2008-

2010

2009-

2011

2010-

2012

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ys

Paris agglomeration Rural part of the Paris regionEU target

value

for human

health

protection

25 days

Number of days

Quality objective =

0 day

2008 2007

2002 2003 2004 2005

2006 2009

2010 2011

2012



17

Figure 22: number of days exceeding the threshold of the EU target value for protection of human health (120 µg/m3 8-hour average) in the Paris region (3 years average 2010-2012)

Figure 23: target value in ozone for the protection of vegetation (AOT40, threshold of 18000 µg/m3.h) in the Paris region (average 2008-2012)

18

18

16

16

16

16

15

15

14

14

14

13

13

13

11

11

11

10

9

8

8

7

7

nr

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-Tertre

Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-Goële

Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville

Villemomble

Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau

Lognes

Tour Eiffel 3ème étage

Les Ulis (P)

Zone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin

Cachan

Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet

Cergy-Pontoise

Champigny-sur-Marne

Tremblay-en-France (S)

Montgeron

Mantes-la-Jolie (S)

Paris 13ème

Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple

Garches

Melun (S)

Zone rurale Est - Saints

Paris 18ème

Neuilly-sur-Seine


Number of days of exceedence

EU target value for

protection of human

health :

25 days(average over 3 years)

urban and suburban (S) sites rural background sites specific observation site

12364

11592

11246

11172

11025

10547

10326

10236

9977

9764

9741

9715

9626

9368

8914

8867

8859

8859

8604

8164

8150

7926

7445

7054

6489

5705

nr

0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000

Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-TertreZone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin

Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de FontainebleauLes Ulis (P)

Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-GoëleVillemomble

LognesZone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet

Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - FrémainvilleParis 6ème*

Cergy-PontoiseCachan

Gennevilliers*Tremblay-en-France (S)

GarchesParis 13ème

Champigny-sur-MarneMontgeron

Zone rurale Est - SaintsAubervilliers*

Mantes-la-Jolie (S)Melun (S)

Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-TempleTour Eiffel 3ème étage

Paris 18èmeNeuilly-sur-Seine


µg/m3.h

EU target value for

protection of

végétation:

18000 µg/m3.h

(average

over 5 years)




18

Figure 24: long-term objective in ozone (O3) for the protection of vegetation (AOT40, threshold of 6000 µg/m3.h) in the Paris region in 2012

9396

9046

8724

8342

7833

7781

7729

7688

7576

7460

7457

7455

7109

6930

6714

6587

6442

6420

5636

5565

4794

4734

4069

nr

0 3000 6000 9000 12000 15000 18000 21000

Les Ulis (S)

Zone rurale Sud-Ouest - Forêt de Rambouillet

Zone rurale Nord-Est - Montgé-en-Goële

Zone rurale Nord - Saint-Martin-du-Tertre

Zone rurale Sud - Bois-Herpin

Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de Fontainebleau

Lognes

Zone rurale Nord-Ouest - Frémainville

Cachan

Villemomble

Champigny-sur-Marne

Tremblay-en-France (S)

Montgeron

Cergy-Pontoise

Garches

Mantes-la-Jolie (S)

Zone rurale Ouest - Prunay-le-Temple

Paris 13ème

Zone rurale Est - Saints


Neuilly-sur-Seine

Tour Eiffel 3ème étage

Paris 18ème

Melun (S)

µg/m3.h

Long term objective for protection of vegetation: 6000 µg/m3.h




19

Benzene

Figure 25: annual mean concentration of benzene in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 26: trend in the benzene annual mean concentration on Place Victor Basch Paris roadside monitoring site, 1994 to 2012

Figure 27: trend in the benzene tri-annual mean concentration, sample of five to ten urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1994-1996 to 2010- 2012

3.3

3

2.8

2.8

2.2

2.2

2

1.9

1.9

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rue de Rivoli

Place Victor Basch

Place de la Bastille

Place de l'Opéra

RD7 Courbevoie

Boulevard Haussmann

Boulevard périphérique Auteuil

RN20 Montlhéry

RN2 Pantin

Paris 18ème

Saint-Denis

Gennevilliers

Issy-les-Moulineaux

Neuilly-sur-Seine

Nogent-sur-Marne

Vitry-sur-Seine

Aubervilliers


Gonesse (S)

µg/m3

continuous continuous

EU limit value: 5 µg/m3Quality objective: 2 µg/m3

random sampling sites random sampling sites

urban and suburban (S) sitesroadside sites

3028.5

26.6

23.5

18.7

14

10.18.7

7.56.4

5.4 4.6 4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1994-

1996

1995-

1997

1996-

1998

1997-

1999

1998-

2000

1999-

2001

2000-

2002

2001-

2003

2002-

2004

2003-

2005

2004-

2006

2005-

2007

2006-

2008

2007-

2009

2008-

2010

2009-

2011

2010-

2012

µg

/m3

5.3 5.2

4.7

4.1

3

2.3

1.8 1.71.5

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

19

94

-19

96

19

95

-19

97

19

96

-19

98

19

97

-19

99

19

98

-20

00

19

99

-20

01

20

00

-20

02

20

01

-20

03

20

02

-20

04

20

03

-20

05

20

04

-20

06

20

05

-20

07

20

06

-20

08

20

07

-20

09

20

08

-20

10

20

09

-20

11

20

10

-20

12

µg

/m3



20

Figure 28: kilometres of main road network exceeding the benzene French quality objective (2 µg/m3) in the Paris region, 2007 to 2012

Figure 29: benzene annual mean concentration in the Paris region, background and roadside, focus on Paris and near suburbs, 2012

Figure 30: millions of inhabitants potentially exposed to an exceeding of the benzene French quality objective (2 µg/m3) in the Paris region, 2008 to 2012

11301290

890 800 740480

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

kil

om

etr

es

of

roa

ds

ex

cee

din

g th

e

be

nze

ne

qu

ali

ty o

bje

ctiv

e

0.8 0.8 0.7 0.60.4 0.3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2007 2008 2009 2010* 2011* 2012*

inh

ab

ita

nts

(m

illi

on

s)

French

quality

objective

µg/m3



21

III. Pollutants meeting air quality standards

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Figure 31: sulphur dioxide (SO2) annual mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 32: trend in the sulphur dioxide (SO2) tri-annual mean concentration, changing sample of urban background sites in the Paris agglomeration and roadside site on Paris ring road, 1991-1993 to 2010- 2012

1

2

1

1

1

0 10 20 30 40 50

Vitry-sur-Seine

Neuilly-sur-Seine

Aubervilliers

Boulevard périphérique Auteuil

Zone rurale Sud-Est - Forêt de

Fontainebleau

µg/m3

French

quality objective

50 µg/m3

roadside sites urban background sites rural background sites

2017

15 15 14 13 1210 9 8 8 8 7 6 6

4 3 3 2 2

32

2422 21

17 1613

118

5 4 3 2 2 1

0

10

20

30

40

19

91

-19

93

19

92

-19

94

19

93

-19

95

19

94

-19

96

19

95

-19

97

19

96

-19

98

19

97

-19

99

19

98

-20

00

19

99

-20

01

20

00

-20

02

20

01

-20

03

20

02

-20

04

20

03

-20

05

20

04

-20

06

20

05

-20

07

20

06

-20

08

20

07

-20

09

20

08

-20

10

20

09

-20

11

20

09

-20

12

µg

/m3

Background Paris agglomeration Roadside site Boulevard périphérique Auteuil



22

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Figure 33: carbon monoxide (CO) annual mean and annual maximum 8-hour mean concentration for all continuous monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 34: trend in the carbon monoxide (CO) annual maximum 8-hour mean concentration, urban background sites and roadside sites in the Paris agglomeration, 1991 to 2012

300700 600 700

2000

2700 26002900

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Aubervilliers Boulevard périphérique

Auteuil

Place Victor Basch Autoroute A1 Saint-Denis

µg

/m3

Annual mean Maximum 8-hours mean

EU limit value: 10000 µg/m3 for the maximum 8 hours mean

background sites roadside sites

22

40

0

33

60

0

26

30

0

27

00

0

18

20

0

16

60

0

14

70

0

17

70

0

10

90

0

99

00

79

00

67

00

59

00

49

00

42

00

45

00

48

00

30

00

33

00

23

00

29

00

25

00

24

00

25

00

28

00

29

00

35

00

18

00

27

00

15

00

19

00

16

00

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

µg

/m3

Roadside sites - Paris agglomeration Urban background sites - Paris agglomeration

EU limit value since 2002

10000 µg/m3



23

Metals (Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel)

Figure 35: trends in the lead annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in Paris, 1991 to 2012

Figure 36: trends in the arsenic annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in the Paris region, 1999 to 2012

0.7

0

na

0.4

0

na

0.3

4

0.2

6

0.2

9

0.2

1

0.1

5

0.0

5

0.0

3

0.0

3

0.0

3

0.0

3

0.0

2

0.0

2

0.0

2

0.0

2

0.0

2

0.0

2

0.0

1

0.0

1

0.0

1

0.0

1

0.0

1

0.0

1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

*

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

**

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

µg

/m3

Place Victor Basch (road side) Paris (urban background)

* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001 na : unavailable

** : end of monitoring at road traffic site Place Victor Basch on 12/31/2005

French quality objective : 0.25 µg/m3

EU limit value : 0.5 µg/m3

0.5

9

0.5

8

0.6

1 0.7

3

0.7

3

0.8

0

0.7

9

0.6

1

0.6

3

0.6

0

0.6

0

0.6

6

0.6

2

0.3

0

0.3

8

0.4

3

0.4

9

0.3

9

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1999 2000 2001 * 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ng

/m3

Place Victor Basch

(roadside)

Paris

(urban background)

* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001

EU target value : 6 ng/m3



24

Figure 37: trends in the cadmium annual mean concentration, urban background and roadside sites in the Paris region, 1999 to 2012

Figure 38: nickel annual mean concentration, urban background site in Paris, 2007 to 2012

0.6

8

0.6

0

0.6

0

0.5

4

0.5

4

0.4

3

0.4

20.5

1

0.4

7

0.3

6

0.3

7

0.3

4

0.2

8

0.1

9

0.1

8

0.2

4

0.2

2

0.1

6

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1999 2000 2001 * 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ng

/m3

Place Victor Basch

(roadside)

Paris

(urban background)

* available data from 07/27/2001 to 12/31/2001


2.57

2.132 2.01

1.53 1.52

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ng

/m3




25

Benzo(a)pyrene

Figure 39: benzo(a)pyrene annual mean concentration for all monitoring sites in the Paris region in 2012

Figure 40: trend in the benzo(a)pyrene annual mean concentration, urban background sites mean and roadside site in the Paris agglomeration, 1998 to 2012

0.17

0.25

0.17

0.24

0.32

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Paris Gennevilliers Neuilly-sur-Seine Vitry-sur-Seine Bd périphérique Auteuil

ng

/m

3

Roadside sites Urban background sites


0.6

4

0.2

8

0.1

5 0.2

2

0.2

1

0.2

6

0.2

6

0.3

2

0.2

0 0.2

8

0.2

4 0.3

1

0.2

6

0.2

7

0.2

1

1.5

5

1.2

8

0.8

6

0.9

0

0.6

8

0.6

8

0.6

6

0.6

7

0.4

9

0.4

9

0.4

3 0.5

1

0.4

1

0.3

9

0.3

2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ng

/m3

Urban background mean

(changing sample of urban background sites)

Boulevard périphérique Auteuil (roadside site)



26

IV. Situation towards air quality standards in 2012

Figure 41: situation towards air quality standards in the Paris region in 2012


light 0 à + 10 %

2012 2001-2011

Ozone (O3)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Quality objective exceedance (health)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (health)


Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (health) no measurement every year until 2006

every year until 2006

no measurement

Quality objective exceedance (vegetation)Long term objective applicable in 2020 (vegetation)


Target value exceedance applicable in 2012 (vegetation) no measurement no measurement

2012 2001-2011

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Annual limit value exceedance * 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011

every year

Hourly limit value exceedance * 2006 to 2011* considering margins of tolerance decreasing from year to year

2012 2007-2011

Particulate Matter (PM10)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Annual quality objective exceedance 2007, 2009 : max

site = thresholdAnnual limit value exceedance

Daily limit value exceedancemax station =

threshold2007

2012 2007-2011

Particulate Matter (PM2,5)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside




no measurement

French target value exceedance no measurement

2007, 2009 no measurement


no measurement every year


non applicable

2012 2001-2011

BenzeneBackground

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside




except 2001 no measurement every year

Limit value exceedance no measurement

no measurement

2012 2001-2011

Carbon monoxide (CO)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside




no measurement


no measurement

2012 2001-2011

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)Background

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Quality objective exceedanceHourly limit value exceedanceDaily limit value exceedance

2012 2001-2011

Benzo(a)pyreneBackground

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Target value (2013) exceedance no measurement

no measurement

2012 2001-2011

LeadBackground

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside




no measurement


no measurement

2012 2001-2011

Arsenic, Cadmium, NickelBackground

agglomerationRural

backgroundRoadside



Target value (2013) exceedance no measurement

no measurement no measurement


Documents

Air quality in Paris region - · PDF file2012 limit value was exceeded near major roads, as monitored at the Paris ring-road and A1 highway stations. Concerning ozone levels, every