Air Spring Replacement Guide

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Air Spring Replacement Guide

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Cab Mount Air Springs

Drive AxleAir Springs

Lift AxleAir Springs

Primary TrailerSuspensionAir Springs

Seat Air Springs

Steering AxleAir Springs

Copyright © 2007 BFS Diversified Products, LLC

The information contained in this publication is intended to provide a general guidefor the identification and application of these products. The material, herein, wascompiled from our close working relationship with the OEM suspensionmanufacturers and is believed to be reliable and accurate. Firestone, however,makes no warranty, expressed or implied, of this information. Anyone making useof this information does so at his own risk and assumes all liability resulting fromsuch use. It is suggested that competent professsional assistance be employed forspecific applications.

NORTH AMERICAN

2

1. StudA permanent part of the bead plate assembly used to attach the airspring to the suspension.

2. Combo StudCombination mounting stud and air fitting.

3. Blind NutA permanent part of the bead plate assemblyproviding an alternate mounting system to the stud.

4. Air Fitting HoleA tapped hole usually 1/4" N.P.T. providing air entrance for the part.

5. Bead PlatePermanently crimped onto the bellows at the factoryallowing complete part leak testing prior to shipment.

6.BellowsThe heart of an Airide spring. Includes at least fourplies, or layers, of material–an inner layer, two pliesof cord-reinforced fabric, and an outer layer.

7. Bumper (Optional)A solid molded rubber fail-safe device used on many suspension applications. Preventsexcessive damage to vehicle and suspension in the case of sudden air pressure loss.

8. PistonThe lower section of the 1T and 1X style of airspringmade from aluminum, steel or fiber reinforcedplastic. Provides lower mounting arrangement forthe airspring in the form of tapped holes or studs.

9. Piston BoltAttaches the piston to the bellows assembly.Extended, in some cases, to serve as a means of attaching the spring to the suspension.

10. Girdle HoopA ring between the convolutions of the convoluted-type air spring.

Service AssemblyOn Firestone Airide springs of the 1T style, the rubberbellows bead plate portion of the spring is a separatehermetically sealed unit, available for replacement use without the piston. Called a “service assembly,” it includes a bead plate, bellows, internal bumper (if any), and all attaching hardware.

1T Reversible Sleeve

Double Convoluted

The Components of Airide™ springs

3

Identifying Airide™ springs

1. Read AON and bellows number.The first step to identifying an Airide™ spring for replacement is to read the assembly ordernumber on the label adhered to the bead plate(i.e., W01-358-9082). If the number is illegible, read the bellows number which is normally molded directly underneath the Firestone logo. A style number such as 1T15M-6 or 22 would tellexactly which bellows is needed and one could skipsteps 2 and 3. If the bellows number is illegible, then determinewhether it is a convoluted style or a 1T style bycomparing it to the pictures in this guide. Proceed tostep 2 if 1T style or step 3 if convoluted.

2. 1T StyleMeasure the bead plate diameter and molded(uninflated) diameter of the rubber bellows andcompare this with the 1T styles in the bellows indexuntil a match is found (please note that the moldeddiameter can grow slightly with years of service).Then measure from the bottom of the piston to thetop of the bead plate while the part is uninflatedand extended. Next, find this same or similarmeasurement in the specific bellows section thatwas previously determined. When this has beendone, skip to step 4.

3. Convoluted styleFirst determine whether it is a single, double, or tripleconvoluted style by comparing it to the pictures inthis guide. Then measure the bead plate diameterand the diameter of the bellows (uninflated) acrossits widest area and compare these dimensions withthose given in the bellows index. Once a match hasbeen made, proceed to step 4.

4. Rubber BumperMany Airide™ springs include a rubber bumperinside the spring. To determine if one is present,compress the spring to its minimum height andmeasure from the bottom plate or piston to the topof the bead plate.Compare this compressed height with the pictures in the appropriate bellows section that was determined in step 2 (1T style) or step 3(convoluted style). Proceed to step 5 if you have a 1T style spring or step 6 if you have a convoluted spring.

5. 1T style (bead plate and piston)

The same bellows is used with many differentcombinations of bead plates and pistons, so besure to check closely. Compare the bead plate andpiston with the pictures from the “Cross SectionView”, “Bead Plate Top View” and “Piston BottomView” columns from the appropriate bellows sectionthat was previously determined. Also, verify that thealignment (bead plate mounting in reference topiston mounting holes) is correct.In addition, the piston can be further verified byreading the identification numbers inside the pistonand comparing these with those shown in the“Piston Bottom View” or piston index. Once amatch has been determined, the correspondingassembly order number (i.e. W01-358-9082) canbe used to order the part.

6. Convoluted style (bead plates)

The same bellows is used with many differentcombinations of bead plates. Compare these beadplates with those diagrammed in this guide underthe “Bead Plate Top View” and “Bead Plate BottomView” columns for the specific style convoluted partthat was previously determined and find the unit with the identical hardware, measurements andalignment (top bead plate mounting in reference to lower bead plate mounting). Once a match hasbeen determined, the corresponding assembly ordernumber (e.g., W01-358-7135) can be used to orderthe part.

1T15M-6

W01-358-9082

I.D. NUMBERS

1 2 3

4 5 6

4

Operational CautionsAir spring failure can be caused by a variety of situations,including internal or external rubbing, excessive heat andoverextension. For further details, refer to WarrantyConsiderations.

Temperature/Pressure RangeThe normal ambient operating temperature range for standardvehicular air springs is -65°F to +135°F. The maximum pressureis 100 psi.

BumpersIn general, bumpers are used to support the vehicle weight toprevent damage to the flexible member during times when noair is in the system. They are also used as stops when the axleis raised by a lift unit. In applications that require frequentbumper contact, consult Firestone.

Down and Up StopsPositive stops in both directions (compression andextension) should always be used with Airide™ springs.

1. In COMPRESSION, the minimum height shown for eachair spring is at, or slightly above the PINCH POINT of thebellows. Here is a #22 shown in the collapsed or “pinch point”condition:

The bellows can be damaged if allowed to constantly bottomout as shown above; therefore, a downstop is required toprevent this. An external downstop can be something as simpleas a steel block and should be sized at or slightly greater thanthe minimum height of the Airide™ spring. In our #22 example,the block would need to be at least 3.0 inches high. If anexternal downstop cannot be used, many parts are availablewith internal rubber bumpers.

2. In EXTENSION, an upstop is necessary to prevent theair spring from overextending. The reasons for this are twofold:a) the life of the bellows may be reduced, and b) the crimp mayopen up, allowing the bellows bead to blow out of the metal endclosure. There are many ways to design-in an upstop, including:

a. shocks,b. a chain,c. a cable or strap,d. contacting a metal stop, etc.

ContaminatesShielding should be used to protect the bellows from exposureto hot metal, sand, petroleum base fluids, acids, etc. Pleaseconsult Firestone if you wish to know how the bellows willwithstand a specific contaminant (For liquids such as acids, it isimportant to know both concentration and temperature.)

StorageThe best storage environment is a dark, dry area at normalroom temperature.

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Description SizeTorque(lb-ft)

· Bead ring nuts on bolts 5/16-24 17-22

· Bead ring bolts and nuts 3/8-24 28-32

· Bolts in blind nuts in bead plates 3/8-16 15-20

· End of adapter studs in blind nut 3/8-16 15-20

· Nut on end of adapter stud 1/2-13 25-30

· Studs on bead plates or blind nuts 1/2-13 or

1/2-20M12 x 1.75

25-30

· Bolt to attach piston base to lower mounting surface 1/2-13 25-30

· Nut on air entrance stud3/4-16

M16 x 1.5M20 x 1.5

40-45

· Nut to an entrance stud 1 5/16-12UNF1 1/4-12UNF

45-50

· NPT air supply fitting 1/4 & up 17-22

· Nut on end closure lower mounting 3/4-10 45-50

WARNINGDO NOT INFLATE ASSEMBLY WHEN IT IS UNRESTRICTED. ASSEMBLY MUST BE RESTRICTED BY SUSPENSIONOR OTHER ADEQUATE STRUCTURE. DO NOT INFLATE BEYOND PRESSURES RECOMMENDED IN DESIGNLITERATURE (CONTACT FIRESTONE FOR INFORMATION). IMPROPER USE OR OVERINFLATION MAY CAUSEASSEMBLY TO BURST CAUSING PROPERTY DAMAGE OR SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY.

General Specifications

3 .0

5

1T S

tyle

Spr

ings

Reading the parts table for 1T-reversible sleeve style springs

1. Bellows # and Assembly Order Number (AON)This number identifies the specific bellows number and the assembly order number for ordering purposes. Complete Order No. for any type of electronic ordering(EDI) is W01-358-9415.

2. Airide Cross Section ViewA cross sectional view of the Airide spring showingdimensional information in inches on uninflated diameter,maximum height, and collapsed height. A bumper drawingnumber is also referenced, if applicable (e.g.–3159).

3. Bead Plate–Top ViewA top view of the upper bead plate with dimensionalinformation and detail on mounting attachments (see hardware key). An Internal Firestone ReferenceNumber is also shown.

4. Piston–Bottom ViewA bottom view of the piston with dimensional informationand detail on mounting attachments (see hardware key).The Internal Firestone Reference Number (4 digit) and the piston drawing number are also shown. Both of thesenumbers are molded in the underside of the piston foridentification purposes. If available, a 4 digit order numberis shown to order the piston separately (complete numberfor EDI purposes, WC1-358-0606).

5. Assembly WeightGives total weight of the assembly in pounds.

6. ReplacesVehicle and suspension manufacturers’ part numbers forthe particular Airide springs.

7. Service AssemblyOn Firestone Airide springs of the 1T style, the rubberbellows bead plate portion of the spring is a separatehermetically sealed unit, available for replacement usewithout the piston. Called a “service assembly,” it includesa bead plate, bellows, internal bumper (if any), and allattaching hardware. Please note the service assembly has its own separate ordering number. For example, aW01-358-9082 uses Service Assembly Order NumberW01-358-0712.

CROSS SECTION VIEW BEAD PLATETOP VIEW

PISTONBOTTOM VIEW REPLACESASSEMBLY

WEIGHT

BELLOW #ASSEMBLYORDER NO.

1T15L-4W01-358-

9415

SERVICEASSEMBLY

#0701

3264 9786/NBD-8514

Order No. WC1-358-060

120.7228.6 235

104.6

231.6

444.5170.2

114.3

209.6

12.7-508-UNF

23.427.9

22.1

3159

12.7-508-UNF

17.47

Kenworth K-303-5

1 2 3 4 5 6

Hardware KeyBolt or Stud 1/2-13 Threaded Hole 3/8-16 Blind Nut on Bead Plates 1/2-13 in Pistons Air Inlet 1/4 N.P.T. No alignment specified-center stud mounting is standard

Combination Stud/Air Inlet Stud Outside Thread is 3/4-16 Studs Inside Thread (Air Inlet) is 1/4 N.P.T. Exceptions will be noted on Part View as

6

The Firestone 1T or Reversible Sleeve type spring is the mostpopular style used on suspensions. Most replacement work willprobably be with this style.

Identification of the proper replacement assembly requiresidentifying the bellows type and the bead plate and piston type used, as well as whether the spring includes an internalrubber bumper.

As with other styles, the quickest way to identify the airspring isto read the manufacturer or Firestone order number on the beadplate. If the number is illegible, read the part number molded onthe bellows, normally directly under the Firestone name. This willlead you directly to the proper section of the guide, narrowing yourchoice of assemblies to just a few.

Should the bellows number be unreadable, the type can still bedetermined by measuring the bead plate diameter and the bellowsdiameter (uninflated) and comparing this with the 1T styles in thebellows index until you find a match. Then measure the extendedheight as shown and compare this measurement with themaximum height shown in the “Cross Section View” of the partstables for the general style of bellows (1T14, 1T15, 1T17 etc.) thatwas previously determined.

To determine whether the spring has an internal bumper,remove the air and compress the spring to its minimum collapsedheight. Measure this, as shown, and compare it to the minimumheight shown in the parts tables.

Finally, to complete identification of the assembly, carefullycompare the bead plate and piston with those listed in the tablesuntil you find a match.

Service Assembly Most 1T style springs are available aseither a complete assembly, including the piston, or as a serviceassembly, which includes the bellows and bead plate only.Before you order a service assembly only, we advise closeinspection of the piston to be reused. A slight imperfection orbuild-up of corrosion or dirt on the piston may cause a newbellows to wear out prematurely.

Special Note Further information on pistons used with 1T stylesprings can be found in the Piston Index section of this catalog.

In addition to the center attaching hole, most newer pistonshave four threaded holes in the outer diameter to make thepiston more universal. All of the outer holes may not be used insome cases. Check the drawing for the assembly you arereplacing to be sure.

Some pistons are also supplied with threaded studs insertedin the proper mounting holes on the piston. Be certain to checkthe listings for this feature as well.

StudBead plate

Bellows

Washer

Bolt

Air entranceTapped hole

ServiceAssembly

Piston

Extended height uninflated Collapsed height

1T Reversible Sleeve Style

BUS 014 Printed in U.S.A. BU

S 0

14

800.888.0650www.fsip.com

Airide™ springs

Although air springs are produced in single, double andtriple convoluted and reversible sleeve styles, only thosemanufactured by Firestone Industrial Products Companybear the trademark “Airide™ springs by Firestone.”

The term “Airide” is commonly used by many people in thebus industry for all air suspension systems. While theusage is incorrect, it is not too surprising. Airide springswere pioneered and perfected by Firestone, and onlyFirestone offers a complete line of Airidesprings, with replacement springsavailable for virtually every vehicularair suspension system. Today, Airidesprings are used by practically allmanufacturers who offer airsuspension on their vehicles.

While it may appear simple, an air spring is actually a highlysophisticated and complex product. Even slight changes–in

design, methods of construction, or materialsused–can make vast and significant

differences in performance.

It makes good sense to specify Airidesprings by Firestone. That trade name onan air spring guarantees you the benefitof the very latest technical developmentsand improvements.

It is your assurance of a product not onlyengineered and perfected to perform, butwhich has a long history of superiorperformance in actual use.

The Mechanics of Airide™ springs.........................................1Identifying Airide™ springs .....................................................2Reading the Parts Tables......................................................2Parts Identification-Convoluted Styles ..................................4Single Convoluted .................................................................5Double Convoluted................................................................5

Parts Identification-1T-Reversible Sleeve Style...........................................10

1T-Reversible Sleeve..........................................................11Reversible Sleeve/Piston Cross Reference .......................34Manufacturers Cross Reference.........................................36Warranty ..............................................................................44

Table of Contents

Look to Firestone for the most complete line of air springs in the industry.

Copyright © 2001 Firestone Industrial Products Company The information contained in this publication is intended to provide a general guide for the identification and application ofthese products. The material, herein, was compiled from our close working relationship with the OEM suspensionmanufacturers and is believed to be reliable and accurate. Firestone, however, makes no warranty, expressed or implied, ofthis information. Anyone making use of this information does so at his own risk and assumes all liability resulting from suchuse. It is suggested that competent professsional assistance be employed for specific applications.

1. StudA permanent part of the bead plate assembly usedto attach the airspring to the suspension.

2. Combo StudCombination mounting stud and air fitting.

3. Blind NutA permanent part of the bead plate assemblyproviding an alternate mounting system to the stud.

4. Air Fitting HoleA tapped hole usually 1/4" N.P.T. providing airentrance for the part.

5. Bead PlatePermanently crimped onto the bellows at thefactory allowing complete part leak testing prior to shipment.

6.BellowsThe heart of an Airide spring. Includes at least fourplies, or layers, of material–an inner liner, two pliesof cord-reinforced fabric, and an outer layer.

7. Bumper (Optional)A solid molded rubber, fail-safe device used onmany suspension applications. Prevents excessivedamage to vehicle and suspension in the case ofsudden air pressure loss.

8. PistonThe lower section of the 1T and 1X styles ofairspring made from aluminum, steel or fiberreinforced plastic. Provides the lower mountingarrangement for the airspring, in the form of tappedholes or studs.

9. Piston BoltAttaches the piston to the bellows assembly. Thepiston bolt is extended, in some cases, to serve asa means of attaching the spring to the suspension.

10. Girdle HoopA ring between the convolutions of the convoluted-type air spring.

Composite PistonFirestone offers a composite fiberglass reinforcedplastic piston into its reversible sleeve Airide™ springsfor bus suspensions.

These pistons are manufactured from a highpercentage, glass filled thermosetting resin using state-of-the-art SMC technology. Compared to conventionalsteel or aluminum pistons, they are lighter, moreimpact-resistant, and impervious to atmosphericcorrosion, water, salt, and ice-melting chemicals, plustheir smooth non-porous surface finish virtuallyeliminates the buildup of harmful dirt and grit. Thisallows the rubber bellows of the air spring to last muchlonger due to significantly reduced wear as the bellowsflexes up and down the smooth piston. At temperaturesas low as -40°F, the new pistons are 100% functional.

The Mechanics of Airide™ springs

1

CROSS SECTION VIEW BEAD PLATE–TOP VIEW BEAD PLATE–BOTTOM VIEW REPLACESASSEMBLYWEIGHTS

BELLOWS #ASSEMBLY ORDER NO.


1. Read the bead plate number.The first step to identifying an Airidespring, either convoluted or 1T style, forreplacement is to read the manufactureror Firestone number on the sticker onthe bead plate. If the number is illegible,read the part number, normally moldedon the bellows directly under theFirestone name. The number 1T15 or22, etc. will tell you exactly whichbellows you need, and you can skipsteps 2 and 3.

Convoluted Style Springs

2. Measure the height of 1T springs.

If, for some reason, you can’t read thebellows number, you can still identifythe bellows by measuring it. First,determine whether it is a single ordouble convoluted style or a 1T style,by comparing it with the pictures in thisguide. If it is a 1T style bellows,measure it from the bottom of thepiston to the top of the bead plate,while the part is uninflated andunrestricted, as shown on page 10.Then, just find that same measurementin the “Cross Section View” column for1T style springs in this guide. Whenyou’ve done that, skip to step 4.

3. Measure the diameter ofconvoluted springs.

If the spring you are replacing is aconvoluted style, first determinewhether it is a single or doubleconvoluted style by comparing it to thepictures in this guide. Then, measurethe diameter of the bellows across itswidest area as shown on page 4, andfind that same measurement in the“Cross Section View” column in theproper section of the guide for eithersingle or double convoluted springs.When you’ve done that, go to step 4.

1T15M-6

W01•358•90561 2 3

Reading the Parts Tables

1. Bellows# and Assembly Order Number (AON)This number identifies the specific bellows number and theassembly order number for ordering purposes.

2. Airide Cross Section ViewA cross sectional view of the Airide spring showingdimensional information in inches on uninflated diameterand minimum height.

3. Bead Plate–Top ViewA top view of the upper bead plate with dimensionalinformation and detail on mounting attachments (see hardware key).

4. Bead Plate–Bottom ViewA bottom view of the lower bead plate with dimensionalinformation and detail on mounting attachments (see hardware key).


6. ReplacesVehicle and suspension manufacturer’s part numbers forthe particular Airide spring.

Hardware KeyBolt or Stud 1/2-13 Threaded Hole 3/8-16 Blind Nut on Bead Plates 1/2-13 in Pistons Air Inlet 1/4 N.P.T.

Combination Stud/Air Inlet Stud Outside Thread is 3/4-16 Studs Inside Thread (Air Inlet) is 1/4 N.P.T. Exceptions will be noted on Part View as

1 2 3 4 5 6

2

20C358-6910

6.6

DIESEL NACIONAL# A-8127-19

8.88

3.12Min. Ht. 1.75

6.313.50

30796.313.50

3090

4. Determine whether yourspring has a rubber bumper.

Many Airide springs include a rubberbumper inside the spring. To determinewhether yours includes one or not,compress the spring to its minimumheight and measure the height from thebottom of the bottom plate or piston tothe top of the upper bead plate. Withthis measurement you can then contactFirestone or your distributor todetermine if a rubber bumper exists.Then go on to step 5, if you have a 1Tstyle spring, or step 6, if you have aconvoluted spring.

5. Identify the piston and beadplate of 1T style springs.

The same bellows is used with manydifferent types of bead plates andpistons, so be sure to check thisclosely. First, to identify a piston, lookfor the identification number moldedinto underside of the piston. Compareyour bead plate and piston with thosediagrammed in the “Bead Plate” and“Cross Section View” columns for 1Tstyle springs in this guide until you findthe unit with the identical hardware andmeasurements. (All newer pistons havefour threaded holes in the outerdiameter, as well as the center hole. Ifthe diameter and height of the pistonmatches those listed, the piston willwork, regardless of mounting methods.)

6. Identify the bead plates ofconvoluted springs.

The same bellows is used with manydifferent types of bead plates. Compareyour bead plate with those diagrammedin this guide under the “Bead Plate”column for single or double convolutedstyles. Find the unit with the identicalhardware and measurements.To order When you find the style andpart number that agrees with all thedeterminations you’ve made, you havethe assembly that will replace yourspring without modification to thesuspension. Use this number to orderthe spring. (If you notice a ten-digitnumber stamped on the bead plate ofyour spring, use it for ordering). This isFirestone’s assembly order number.An authorized Firestone Distributorshould be contacted when ordering.

I.D. NUMBER4 5 6

Reading the Parts Tables

1. Bellows# and Assembly Order Number (AON)This number identifies the specific bellows number and theassembly order number for ordering purposes.

2. Airide Cross Section ViewA cross sectional view of the Airide spring showingdimensional information in inches on uninflated diameterand minimum height.

3. Bead Plate–Top ViewA top view of the upper bead plate with dimensionalinformation and detail on mounting attachments (see hardware key).

4. Bead Plate-Bottom View/Piston-Bottom ViewA bottom view of the lower bead plate or of the piston withdimensional information and detail on mountingattachments (see hardware key).


6. ReplacesVehicle and suspension manufacturer’s part numbers forthe particular Airide spring.

7. Service AssemblyOn Firestone Airide springs of the 1T style, the rubberbellows bead plate portion of the spring is a separatehermetically sealed unit, available for replacement usewithout the piston. Called a “service assembly,” it includesa bead plate, bellows, internal bumper (if any), and allattaching hardware. Please note the service assembly hasits own separate ordering number. For example, a W01-358-9405 uses Service Assembly Order NumberW01-358-8252 as specified on page 26.

7


3

CROSS SECTION VIEW BEAD PLATE–TOP VIEW BEAD PLATE–BOTTOM VIEW REPLACESASSEMBLYWEIGHTSBELLOWS #

ASSEMBLY ORDER NO.

1 2 3 4 5 6

1T-Reversible Sleeve Style Springs

1T15M-2358-9100

SERVICE ASSEMBLY #

358-0910

14.004.15

10.12

3.75

.92

1/2-20-UNF

1.104.769.00

32649.75

7.88

9656 A.M. GENERAL5973924A.M. GENERAL5973876FLYER5973876

14.8

8.8

Firestone convoluted Airide springs are available in twostyles, single or double convoluted, as shown above.

To identify the exact style and part number to replace yourcurrent air spring, you need to identify the type of bellows,bead plates, and attaching hardware used, as well asdetermining whether the spring has an internal bumper.

First, look for the manufacturer’s part number and Firestoneorder number stamped in ink on the bead plate. If illegible,read the part number molded on the bellows, normally underthe Firestone name. If the number (20, 22, etc.) is present,simply refer to the proper section of this guide.

If for any reason the number is unreadable, you candetermine the bellows type with a simple measurement.Remove the air entrance and allow the bellows to assume itsnormal shape. Then measure the outer diameter of thebellows as shown below. Compare this diameter with those

listed in this guide under either single or double convolutedsprings (according to which type you have).

To determine the presence of an internal bumper in the spring,remove the air and collapse the spring to its minimum height.Then measure this height as shown below. With thismeasurement you can then contact Firestone or your distributorto determine if a rubber bumper exists.

Finally, to complete the parts identification, compare themetal bead plates and attaching hardware with theassemblies detailed in that same section of the guide.

For your convenience, typical types of attaching hardwareare illustrated below. Studs will be either 1/2-13 or 1/2-20. Airfittings will be 1/4 or 3/8 N.P.T. Combination air fittings/studswill be 3/4-16, with a 1/4 N.P.T. air entrance. Blind nuts ortapped holes will be 3/8-16. The special bolts used on thebead ring type parts will be 3/8-16 or 3/8-24.

Compressedheight

Bellows diameter

Convoluted Style

Standard bolt or stud

Bead plate

Tapped hole (blind nut)

Bead plate

Bead ring

Counter sunk bolt 5/16 x 24

Combination stud–air fitting

Bead plate

Air fitting Bead plate

Bead ring type part

Double Convoluted

Single Convoluted

4

Airide™

springs

Documents

Air Spring Replacement Guide