Air Tightness & Infrared Building Survey Report

5, Hamilton Place Perth PH1 1BB Scotland. United Kingdom Tel:- +44(0) 7377 092287 E-mail:- [email protected] Web:- :- http://www.airotechscotland.co.uk

Air Tightness & Infrared

Building Survey Report In compliance with BS EN 13829: 2001 & ATTMA TSL1 Rev3: 2016

BS EN 13187:1999

Test Technician:

Company: AiroTech Limited

Test Date:

Test Time:

5, Hamilton Place, Perth PH1 1BB, Scotland, United Kingdom Tel:- +44(0) 7377 092287 E mail: [email protected] Web:- http://www.airotechscotland.co.uk

Document Number:

AO-100- IR-AT-2019

Revision : 01 Status : Issued

Rev. Date :

Doc. Type : Final Report Discipline : Thermography & Air Testing

Phase: Completed

Class: A Page 1 of 35

System :FLIR Tools+ & FLIR Studio Equipment Type : FLIR E95

DATE: October 2019 INSPECTED BY: D. Cameron SIGNATURE

1

THERMOGRAPHY REPORT

CUSTOMER / SITE: Private client

ADDRESS: N/A

THERMOGRAPHY DATE: 11th June 2019

THERMOGRAPHER: David Cameron


Document Number:

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Rev. Date :


Phase: Completed




2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A Retrotec blower door test fan was installed in the backdoor entrance of a 1960’s

constructed bungalow situated at………. An initial air tightness test was performed to

establish the permeability m3/hr/m2 of the property(see results appendix p33)). The test

fan was then re-configured to continuously depressurise the house at - 50pa. A

qualitative Thermographic survey was proceeded to be carried out to establish the

overall building condition and identify any localised cold spots/air leakage. A summary

of the test results are included in the following table:-

File Name Date Time Note

IR_0001.jpg 6/11/2019 1:17 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration from larder door

IR_0003.jpg 6/11/2019 1:23 PM Air infiltration roof access hatch – West hatch

IR_0004.jpg 6/11/2019 1:25 PM Air infiltration through closed trickle vents

IR_0005.jpg 6/11/2019 1:28 PM Uncontrolled air leakage from attic hatch – East Hatch

IR_0006.jpg 6/11/2019 1:30 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration from top of window and ceiling alcove.

IR_0007.jpg 6/11/2019 1:31 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration into the house via ceiling alcove and top

of window frame

IR_0009.jpg 6/11/2019 1:34 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration from door to hatch cellar and storage

cupboard

IR_0010.jpg 6/11/2019 1:36 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration from skirting boards

IR_0011.jpg 6/11/2019 1:40 PM Air leakage via ceiling alcoves. Supporting wall timbers causing cold

bridging

FLIR. 0011 jpg 6/11/2019 4.24 PM Air infiltration at front door

FLIR- 0014.jpg 6/11/2019 4.29 PM Uncontrolled air infiltration at mechanical extractor fan in shower

room

FLIR. 0018.jpg 6/11/2019 4:37 PM Uncontrolled Air leakage via closed trickle vent and window frame

FLIR. 0019.jpg 6/11/2019 4:38 PM Leakage of closed trickle vent at patio door in the kitchen.-

FLIR-0023.jpg 6/11/2019 4:45 PM Bath to wall interface – area of high air infiltration

IR_0001.jpg 6/11/2019 7:34 AM Uneven insulation, cold bridging and convection loses

IR_0004.jpg 6/11/2019 7:40 AM Cold corner in Lounge

IR_0005.jpg 6/11/2019 7:42 AM Air leakage at spotlights in kitchen


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TableofContents1.0 Health, Safety and Environment Policy Statement ........................................................ 6

1.1 Commitment to HSE ………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

1.2 Our HSE policy ………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

1.3 Risk Assessment ………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

2.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8

2.1 Overview …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.2 Aim ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.3 Objectives …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

2.4 Building Details ………………………………………………………………………………………………9

2.5 Heating/Ventilation……………………………………………………………………………………..………….9

2.6 Identification of area of high Air leakage ……………………………………………………………..10

3.0 Environmental conditions on the 11th June 2019 ......................................................... 11

4.0 Equipment Details ...................................................................................................... 11

5.0 Reference Documents ................................................................................................. 12

6.0 Uncontrolled air infiltration from larder door .............................................................. 13

7.0 Air infiltration via unsealed loft hatch ......................................................................... 14

8.0 Air infiltration through closed trickle vents .................................................................. 15

9.0 Uncontrolled air leakage from attic hatch. ................................................................... 16

10 infiltration from top of window and ceiling alcove. ...................................................... 17

11 Air infiltration into the house via ceiling alcove and top of window ............................. 18


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12 Air infiltration via door to cellar hatch ........................................................................... 19

13 Air infiltration at skiting boards in hallway ................................................................... 20

14 Air leakage, cold bridging & possible moisture ingress ……………………………………….21

15 Air infiltration at front door ........................................................................................... 22

16 Mechanical Extractor fan – large area of air infiltration ................................................. 23

17 Trickle vent air leakage .................................................................................................. 24

18 Trickle vent air leakage .................................................................................................. 25

19 Bath side panel area of high air leakage ......................................................................... 26

20 Uneven insulation, cold bridging and convection loses ................................................... 27

21 Possible moisture ingress and air infiltration .................................................................. 28

22 Cold corner in Lounge .................................................................................................... 29

23 Air leakage at spotlight ................................................................................................. 30

24 Convection loop and uneven insulation in main bedroom .............................................. 31

25 Air infiltration at skirting boards ................................................................................... 32

25 APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................... 33

25.1 Summary of air tightness tests …………………………………………………………………………33

25.2 Plan drawing ……………………………………………………………………………..…………………………..34

25.3 Dimensioned plan of building showing location of test fan & tube terminations …….35


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1.0 Health,SafetyandEnvironmentPolicyStatement

Airotech limited is committed to cause no harm to people or to the environment

where it operates.

1.1 CommitmenttoHSE

• pursue the goal of no harm to people

• protect the environment

• where possible to use material and energy efficiently to provide our

services

• promote best practice within the industry

• openly communicate HSE issues and performance, and share and learn

from HSE best practices, internally and externally

1.2 OurHSEpolicy

• we take a systematic approach to HSE designed to ensure compliance

with our clients on site risk management systems (where relevant local

and national regulations.

• we require every employee to take personal responsibility for HSE by

focusing on own behavior

• measure, appraise and report HSE performance

• provide our staff with the appropriate training to achieve our HSE

commitment


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2.0 Introduction

2.1 Overview

This report follows an agreed set of deliverables between the Air Tester David

Cameron(AiroTech Ltd) and the resident at …….

2.2 Aim

The aim of the air tightness test was to obtain the air permeability(m3/hr/m2) of a

bungalow situated in………….. The owner, an elderly woman in her eighties, currently

has very high annual heating bills(+£2,000pa). Once the permeability of the building

was established the fan was reset to continuously depressurise mode, then an infrared

camera and mini fog generator were used to identify air infiltration/leakages within the

building.

Although no recommendations on repairs or subsequent retrofit modifications to the

building have been included in the report. Some recommendations to close off areas of

high uncontrolled air infiltration/leakages into the building have been made. It is hoped

that these modifications (some which have already been implemented) will improve the

comfort for the occupants and assist in lowering the high energy bills currently being

paid by the owner.

2.3 Objectives

An air tightness test was performed to determine the overall permeability. The test fan

was then set to run at - 50pa to assist in identifying areas of uncontrolled air leakage in

the building, which could be impacting on the high energy bills experienced by the

housing owner.


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9

A subsequent qualitative survey was carried out using an Infrared camera and smoke

generator to identify any localised cold spots and/or air leakage areas respectively.

The Infrared measurements taken are for reference purposes only and are not

necessary indicative of the actual surface temperature. To conduct a more detailed

surface temperature survey, a separate quantitative survey would have to be performed

providing limited added value to the overall survey results.

2.4 BuildingDetails

The original house built in 1964 consists of a 100mm thick brick outer leaf, a 50mm

cavity and 100mm thick inner leaf constructed of concrete blockwork. A sizable

extension was built onto the original house in 1987 using similar materials and

construction method to the original. Underfloor insulation(sheepswool) was installed in

2018 under the suspended floor joists together with a Proclima membrane. Only 200mm

thick mineral wool type insulation has been placed between the horizontal roof joists in

the attic.

2.5 Heating/Ventilation:-

The house has two disused coal fire places and one has an electric fire placed inside

the hearth. The building heating system and DHW are powered by a Bosch Worcester

combi/condensation boiler system.

Trickle vents are installed on each of the double glazed units to provide ventilation

within the house. A large 300mm extractor fan provides ventilation within the shower

room. No extract fan exists in the bathroom. The kitchen has a mechanical extract fan

above the cooker.


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2.6 IdentificationofareaofhighAirleakage

After the depressurisation and pressurisation tests were carried out the results were

analysed. Due to the high permeability/leakage rate observed within the structure the

fan was restarted to depressurise the structure (external air entering the structure under

negative pressure) to -50pa. A FLIR E95 infrared (IR) camera and a Tiny artificial

smoke machine were used to observe and record air infiltration/leakages within the

building.

The following summary of areas of high air infiltration were observed:

• Hatches to the attic/loft areas

• The bath where it was attached to the external wall

• Bottom of the front door

• The window trickle vents even when closed

• Fireplaces(temporary sealed for the testing)

• Junctions between the wall and ceiling areas

• Shower extractor fan

• Area above the windows and patio windows

• Kitchen storage pantry

• Skirting boards

• Areas above the window frames

• Internal doors leading to voided areas i.e. cellar hatches, pantry cavity vents,


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5.0 ReferenceDocuments

1. ISO 13187:1999- Thermal performance of buildings…..

2. BS EN 61025:2007, Fault tree analysis

3. BS EN 60812:2006:- Analysis techniques….

4. Example of ISO 18436 application report

5. BS EN 13829: 2001

6. ATTMA TSL1 Rev3: 2016


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8.0Airinfiltrationthroughclosedtricklevents

Text annotation

Site

Location Bathroom

Object Trickle vent

ObjectID Air infiltration through

closed trickle vents

Deviation 1.4 deg C

Remedy Replace seals on trickle

vents. Replace windows

with new better quality

ones

Severity Area of air leakage

Description All trickle vents within

the dwelling were found

to leak large amounts of

air when in the closed

position.

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95

Reflected temperature 20.0 °C

Distance 1.0 m

Atmospheric temperature 20.0 °C

Relative humidity 50%

External optics temperature 20.0 °C

External optics transmission 1.00

Note

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0004.jpg | 203° SW 6/11/2019 | 1:25 PM


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10Airinfiltrationfromtopofwindowandceilingalcove.IR_ 6/11/2019 _0006.jpg | 47° NE 6/11/2019 | 1:30 PM

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Text annotation

Site

Location Back North facing bedroom

Object North facing outer wall

above window and ceiling

ObjectID Uncontrolled air infiltration

from top of window

architrave. Uneven

insulation in attic.

Deviation N/A

Remedy Major upgrade and

refurbishment of house

requiring installation of

new air tight layer and new

windows. New windows

and frame installation

detailing to prevent air

leakages.

Severity Medium to high

Description Uncontrolled air infiltration


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11Airinfiltrationintothehouseviaceilingalcoveandtopofwindow

Bx1 Average 21.5 °C

Bx1 Maximum 22.0 °C

Bx1 Minimum 20.4 °C

Dt1 (Bx1.Max - Bx1.Min) 1.6 °C

Text annotation

Deviation 1.6 deg C

Location Spare front bedroom

Severity High

ObjectID Walls, top of windows

and ceiling

Description Uncontrolled air

infiltration into the

house via ceiling alcove

and top of window

frame

Object Air infiltration

Remedy Major upgrade and

refurbishment of house

requiring installation of

new air tight layer and

new windows

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





IR_ 6/11/2019 _0007.jpg | 278° W 6/11/2019 | 2:30 PM


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12Airinfiltrationviadoortocellarhatch

Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Hallway

Object Door to cellar access

hatch and storage

cupboard

ObjectID Uncontrolled air

infiltration into the

building

Deviation N/A

Remedy Seal door to access

hatch. Install a new

cellar access hatch with

seals and insulation.

Severity High area of heat loss

Description Flared and toothed

pattern indicates air

leakage

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

Air infiltration located to cellar access hatch in storage cupboard. The hatch to the suspended floor is only made from

tongue and groove floor boards which are un-insulated. The suspended floor was insulated in 2018 using sheepswool

insulation and Proclima membrane unfortunately the hatch is still to be ungraded.

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0009.jpg | 134° SE 6/11/2019 | 1:34 PM


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Spots -





Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Front hallway

Object Front hallway skirting

ObjectID Skirting boards

Deviation N/A

Remedy Seal skirting boards and

interface between

skirting boards and floor

Severity Contribution towards

high energy bills for

occupants

Description Area of uncontrolled air

infiltration

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

The ‘flared’ or ‘toothed’ blue and green colours are typical of air infiltration into the building

13AirinfiltrationatskirtingboardsinhallwayIR_ 6/11/2019 _0010.jpg | 174° S 6/11/2019 | 2:35 PM


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14Airleakage,coldbridging&possiblemoistureingress

Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Front spare bedroom

Object South West corner

ObjectID Corner, walls and ceiling area

Deviation Air leakage via ceiling alcoves.

Supporting wall timbers causing cold

bridging. Possible presence of

moisture in wall. Possible missing

areas of insulation in the attic.

Remedy Major upgrade and refurbishment of

house requiring installation of new

air tight layer and new insulated stud

partition wall – cavity wall insulation

not considered by owner.

A roofer was commissioned to repair

broken/leaking gutters and blocked

down pipes in this area external to

the house.

Severity Contribute to high energy bills and

possible structural damage due to

moisture ingress

Description Air leakage, cold bridging. Possible

presence of moisture in wall. Possible

missing/non uniform areas of

insulation in the attic..

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0011.jpg | 6/11/2019 | 1:40 PM

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Possible area of

moisture ingress


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15Airinfiltrationatfrontdoor

Spots -





Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Front hallway

Object Front Door

ObjectID Air infiltration

Deviation 2.7 °C

Remedy Install wind/weather

proofing strips at the

bottom of the door

Severity Contribution towards

high energy bills for

occupants

Description Area of uncontrolled air

infiltration shows as

toothed or flared

blue/green on the

thermogram

Note

Additional area of air leakage noted at glazed unit in front door

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





FLIR0011.jpg | 6/11/2019 | 4:24 PM


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Spots -





Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Shower room

Object Extract fan

ObjectID Fan outlet

Deviation 4.5 °C

Remedy Renew extractor fan with

new 6” outlet with built

in dampener

Severity Very high Contribution

towards high energy bills

for occupants

Description An area of high uncontrolled

air infiltration/leakage out of

roof space with no built-in

dampener present

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

After witnessing large uncontrolled air infiltration using the IR camera. An electrical company was commissioned to install a

smaller 6” diameter replacement extractor fan c/w dampener. The large 12” diameter fan and ducting were removed. Roofing

work was carried out to seal the old outlet and remove a large mushroom head vent on the roof.

16MechanicalExtractorfan–largeareaofairinfiltrationFLIR0014.jpg | 6/11/2019 | 4:29 PM


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17Trickleventairleakage

- -

Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Kitchen Patio doors

Object Windows and trickle

vents

ObjectID Uncontrolled Air

leakage via closed

trickle vent and

window frame

Deviation N/A

Remedy Replace trickle vent

seals and/or

renew/upgrade

windows

Severity Contribute to high

energy bills

Description Uncontrolled air

infiltration

-

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

It was discovered on further investigation that the trickle vent would not fully close due a screw head not being fully made up

because it was the incorrect size.

6/11/2019 FLIR0018.jpg | 6/11/2019 | 4:37 PM


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Sp1 Value 19.3 °C





Text annotation

Leakage of closed trickle vent at patio door in the

kitchen.

-

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





18TrickleventairleakageFLIR0019.jpg | N 56°

6/11/2019 | 4:38 PM


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Spots

Measurements -





Text annotation

Site N/A

Location Bathroom

Object Bath

ObjectID Bath to wall interface

Deviation 1.8 °C

Remedy Seal service void using

Proclima air tight

membrane and Tescon

Vana air tape. Seal back

of bath to wall interface

Severity Area of extremely high

uncontrolled air

leakage/infiltration.

Description The side bath panel was

removed and on further

investigation revealed an

unsealed service void to the

floor.

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





19BathsidepanelareaofhighairleakageFLIR0023.jpg | N 56° 6/11/2019 | 4:45 PM


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21Possiblemoistureingressandairinfiltration





Text annotation

Deviation 1.7 °C

Description This area was the site of

a previous roof repair

due to rain water ingress

into the ceiling. High

area of air infiltration at

chimney/ceiling

interface

Severity High

Location Main Lounge

Site N/A

Remedy Further investigation.

Object Ceiling to wall interfaces

ObjectID Ceiling, Stone chimney

façade/ceiling interface

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

The ceiling area was subject to a previous roof repair which involved renewal of the plasterboard on the ceiling and a roof

repair. The area on the ceiling in blue shows possibly the presence of moisture. The area may have missing or non-uniform

distribution of insulation - a further investigation was carried out and the insulation was seen to be damp where the repair

took place – this insulation was subsequently dried out and it is intended to increase the depth of the insulation from 200mm

– 300mm. It is probably that the plasterboard in this area was not replaced when the roof repair was being carried

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0003.jpg | 221° SW 6/11/2019 | 7:38 AM


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i

22ColdcornerinLounge

Spots -





Text annotation

Deviation 3.7 °C

Location Main Lounge

Remedy Major refurbishment to

introduce new air tight

layer and introduce wall

insulation

Site

ObjectID East corner

Severity Area of high heat loss

Object East corner

Description Cold corner

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

Corners are typically cold because less heat transfer by convection takes place in these areas. The still air provides insulation

between room air and corner surfaces, keeping the surface cooler. Nowicki A(2004). Typically 2.0 deg C but this area shows

nearly double that figure.

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0004.jpg | 146° SE 6/11/2019 | 7:40 AM


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23Airleakageatspotlight





Text annotation

Site N/A

Remedy Seal spotlights to

prevent air leakage from

attic

ObjectID Spotlight

Severity X4 Spotlights in kitchen

Deviation 4.5 °C

Object Spotlight

Location Kitchen

Description Unsealed spotlight in

kitchen leading to high

area of air leakage or

infiltration

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0005.jpg | 222° SW 6/11/2019 | 7:42 AM


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24Convectionloopanduneveninsulationinmainbedroom





Text annotation

Location Main Bedroom

Site N/A

Deviation 1.3 °C

Object Ceiling wall interface

Severity High

Description Convection loses caused

by external ‘open loop’

or internal ‘closed loop’.

Air infiltration down

wall. Non uniform attic

insulation

ObjectID Wall and ceiling

Remedy Install new air tight

layer. Introduce

additional more uniform

insulation.

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





IR_ 6/11/2019 0017.jpg | 81° E 6/11/2019 | 8:02 AM


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25Airinfiltrationatskirtingboards





Text annotation

Remedy Seal skirting boards with

Caulk or silicone

Description Air infiltration at skirting

boards.

Severity High

Object Skirting Boards

Site

Location Main Bedroom

Deviation 1.5 °C

ObjectID Skirting boards

Measurements

Parameters

Emissivity 0.95


Distance 1.0 m





Note

General comment:- The property is 55 years old and is in need of a major refurbishment including introducing a new air tight

layer, wall insulation, new thicker attic insulation, sealing of major areas of air infiltration, window renewal with better

detailing etc.

IR_ 6/11/2019 _0019.jpg | 126° SE 6/11/2019 | 8:03 AM


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25APPENDIX

25.1Summaryofairtightnesstests

FanTestic version: 5.11.16 licensed to: David Cameron

Test date: 11.06.19 By: D. Cameron

Customer: Private Client

Building Lot Number: Bungalow

Building address: N/A

Building and Test Information

Test file name: EN13829-EU 2019-06-08 1522

Building volume [m³]: 428.2

Envelope Area [m²]: 518.6

Floor Area [m²]: 172.7

Building Height (from ground to top) [m]: 4.8

Building Exposure to wind: Partially protected building

Accuracy of measurements: 3%

Results

Air flow at 50 Pa, [m³/h] 6553.0

Air changes at 50 Pa, n50 [/h] 15.30

Flow per Envelope Area at 50 Pa, [m³/h/m²] 12.636

Flow per Floor Area at 50 Pa, [m³/h/m²] 37.954

Effective leakage area at 50 Pa, [cm²] 1995

Equivalent leakage area at 50 Pa, [cm²] 3275

Leakage per Envelope Area at 50 Pa, [cm²/m²] 3.8516

Leakage per Floor Area at 50 Pa, [cm²/m²]


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25.2Plandrawing


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25.3Dimensionedplanofbuildingshowinglocationoftestfan&tubeterminations