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Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Clean Water Plants for Massachusetts
May 21, 2008
Sam Sofer, PhD, PE
Debra Troy, BS
John Vallier, BS973-661-5192
www.cleanairplant.com
Bio-Cascade, IncClean Air and Water Systems
www.Bio-Cascade.com800-983-2420
“A Massachusetts business”
Distributors and service providers of Clean Air Plant –CAP™ and Clean Water Plant-CWP™
for New England. Under the authority of Air & Water Solution Inc.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Air & Water Solutions Highlights
• Founded in 1979, specializing in advanced engineering, biotechnology
• US National Science Foundation Award: Small Business Innovation Research
• 1996 - Introduction of CAP Clean Air Plant for control of indoor air quality (IAQ), World’s 1st (and only) Biological IAQ Control System
• 2002 Business Achievement Award, Technology Merit Award for biological air and water cleaning systems for industry, Environmental Business Journal
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
How it WorksCWP1000
Tank water in
Clean air in
Treated water out
Dirty water in
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Water Contaminants: four classes
1. Gases: Ammonia, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, HCN, Cl2
2. Vapors: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as ethanol, neurotoxic agents [pesticides and nerve gas], fragrances, solvents, active VOCs (create dust, nasty)
3. Particulates: Mold, viruses, pathogenic bacteria, smoke, wax particles, entrained oil and solvent particles, dust, silica, quartz
4. Emulsions: Gasoline/water, tar pit emulsions, steel company emulsions, photographic emulsions, silver, iron
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Theory
Destruction by Total Oxidation
or
‘Mineralization’
Propyl Acetate + Oxygen(Air) = Carbon Dioxide + Water
C5H10O2 + 6.5O2 = 5CO2 + 5H2O
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CWP5000 Clean Water PlantCapabilities
Flow rate of dirty water can be turned down from 500 gpm to zero
Can clean to non-detectable (<10 ppb) levels
Can clean very concentrated to pure (1,000,000 ppm) contaminants:
•Pesticide liquids/solids
•Gasoline, crude oil, MTBE
•Alcohols, solvents
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CWPModels
Benzene(ug/L)
Toluene(ug/L)
Ethylbenzene(ug/L)
Total xylenes(ug/L)
MTBE(ug/L)
Starting Concentration 220 300 150 570 27,000
CWP-4000 <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)
CWP-1000A <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)
CWP-1000B <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)
CWP-1000C <0.5 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND) <3.0 (ND) <1.0 (ND)
ND = Not detectable
MTBE and BTEX-Contaminated Groundwater Cleaned
En
din
g C
on
cen
tra
tion
s
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Biosink at photolab in New York City
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Free Cells versus Immobilized CellsAdvantages of Immobilization Technology
Protective gel layerImmobilized cells
Biosupport
FREE CELLS are exposed to attack by microorganisms and chemicals from all sides
FREE CELLS get washed out during floods or high flow
FREE CELLS sediment when pumps fail
IMMOBILIZED CELLSAre back-to-back, not exposed.Have protective gel layer.Do not sediment.Do not wash out.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CWP600 and CWP1000
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Total Hydrocarbons Reduced to Non-detectable Levels
VOCs & PAHs Analyzed (Amoung Others)
“U” Indicates Analyzed for but Not Detected
VOCs PAHs
Benzene U Acenaphythylene U
Carbon
Tetrachloride
U Benzidrine U
Chlorobenzene U Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Ether
U
1,2 Dichlorobenzene U Butylbenzylphthalate U
Ethylbenzene U 1,2-Dichlorobenzene U
Methylene Chloride U Dymethyl Phthalate U
Toluene U Fluorene U
Trichloroethane U Naphthalene U
Xylene U Phenol U
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Air (CAP90) and Water (CWP175) cleaning at contaminated site
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
BioOx destroys VX neurotoxin surrogates
Name Formula Critical Bonds to Break
VX C11H26NO2PS C-S, P-S, C-N, C-O
Ethion C9H22O4P2S4 C-S, P-S, C-O
Chlorpyrifos C9H11NO3PSCl3 P-S, C-N, C-O
Acephate C4H10NO3PS P-S, C-N, C-O
Diazinon C12H21N2O3PS P-S, C-N, C-O
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Other Applications
California Gasoline/BTEX CWP 1000
California Landfill Leachate
CWP 3000
30 gpm
New York Landfill leachate CWP 2000
Maryland Pesticide in salt water
CWP 2000
Massachusetts Fats/oil/grease CWP 1000
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Air (CAP90) and Water (CWP175) cleaning at contaminated site
LESSONS
1. To clean water, clean air is needed
2. Any contaminant cleaned by CAPS may also be cleaned by CWPs
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
“I haven’t heard a reference to [poor] air
quality in months, when we used to get daily
comments.”
Dick Clark,Integrity Printing
CAP90 at Print/Copy Facility
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP600 at food company
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP600C at Dental Clinic
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP600 in Hospital Labs
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP5000 at Trash Transfer Station
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Addition of BioOx® in soluble form
eliminates the need for cell growth
during BioOxidation. This greatly
increases the productivity of contaminant destruction.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Destruction of Printers’ Solvents in Water
Figure 3. Blanket Wash Destruction, 3 injections totalling 196,400 ppmv
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 10 20 30 40 5 0 60 7 0 80
t ime , m inutes
pp
mv
bla
nk
et
wa
sh
F ir s t C artr idge D is c harge
S e co nd C ar tr idge Dis c harge
The CAP was used to demonstrate destruction of typical printers’ solvents. Blanket wash, used by printers to clean rollers in the printing presses, contains petroleum naphtha and dipropylene glycol methyl ether. In the figure below, serial injections of about 33,600, 54,300, and 108,500 blanket wash were made in order to determine maximum destruction rates. A two-cartridge system maintains the contamination level to below 100 ppm, a dramatic reduction from the almost 200,000 ppm injected.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Hydrocarbon Vapor DestructionIn CAP90, residence time = 0.7 sec
Time (min HC (ppm) HC (ppm) % removal
from start) In Out HC
0 2727 887 67
1 2867 921 68
2 2963 858 71
3 2895 796 73
4 2667 884 67
5 2679 827 69
6 2628 722 73
8 2517 784 69
12 2693 710 74
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Destruction of MTBE in Waterwith
CAP Hood 50MTBE destruction, CAP Hood 50
two cartridges, with low and high air flow
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
time, minutes
pp
mv
MT
BE
d
isch
arg
ed
500 ml, 7,040 ppm MTBEinjection, low air flow
500 ml, 8,000 ppm MTBEinjection, high air flow
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Destruction of Nail Salon Solvents
F ig u r e 5 . N a il s a lo n s o lv e n ts , n o n -a c e to n e p lu s a c e to n e in je c tio n s a r e d e s tr o y e d .
1 m l (1 1 ,0 0 0 p p m v ) n o n -a c e to n e is in je c te d a t t im e = z e r o . 1 /2 m l (5 ,0 0 0 p p m v ) a c e to n e in je c te d a t t im e = 2 8 m in u te s .
1 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 0 .0
1 0 0 0 0 .0
1 0 0 0 0 0 .0
0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 4 0 .0 0 6 0 .0 0 8 0 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0
t im e , m in u te s
pp
m in
CA
P a
ir
c o n c e n tra tio n le ve ls in s id e C AP H o o d 5 0
to ta l p p m v in je c te d
N F P A3 3 re c yc le d a i r l im i ts
O S H A g e n e ra l 1 0 0 p p m l im i t
The CAP Clean Air Plant was chosen by the Bonita Springs, Florida Fire District in September 2001 as an alternative technology to control the fire hazards associated with the use and storage of nail salon products. The graph below demonstrates destruction of acetone, non-acetone, and liquid monomer solvents.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Special Coating Solvent Mix
Figure 4. Special Paint Solvent Mixture: Single Shot vs Gradual Injection
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
time, minutes
pp
m in
dis
ch
arg
e a
ir
solvent mixture, 3.25 ml = 11,700ppm, single shot
solvent mixture, 3.25 ml over 15min
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Customer in-line CAP90 DataDec 6-7, 2007
Inlet and Outlet Ethanol Concentrations from Chamber 14
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Sample Number
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Inlet
Outlet
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Customer in-line CAP90 Data Dec 10-11, 2007
Inlet and Outlet Ethanol Concentrations from Chamber 14
0
20
40
60
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Sample Number
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
m)
Inlet
Outlet
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Third Party Verification
Oxidation of ethanol vapors in a spiral bioreactor, Lakhwala, Shim, Jung, & Sofer, Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology, 1995, 64, 49-54
Biodegradation of benzene and a BTX mixture using immobilized activated sludge, Lodaya, Lakhwala, Rus, Singh, Lewandowski, and Sofer, Journal of environmental science and health, A26(1), 121-137 (1991)
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
99.9+% Ammonia destruction CAP902X destruction of pure ammonia from an industrial
reactor. No vent to the outside.
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP + CWP = Cost Savings Odor is gone
Water is clean
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Basement Sump Water Treatmentby CWP Clean Water Plant, Bedminster NJ
Before(Prior to CWP)
After (Post CWP Installation)
Contaminants
(ppb)
(ppb)Percent
Destruction
Semi Volatiles (BN)
9.25
0.340
96.3
Tentatively Identified Compounds (TIC)including MTBE
150.4
ND
100
MTBE
3.20
ND
100
Total BN + TIC
160
0.340
99.8
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
BioOxidizers are theCleanup Technology of the
Future• Treat all types of hazardous pollutants – gas,
vapor, liquid, solid• Destroy pollutants at the source • Biological incinerators -- No fuel costs, no
CO, no NOX• Economical• Portable
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Subway Elevator Venting will not de-odorize Motor Room
Motor Room
Make-up air Vent above ground
BlowerSubwayElevator
ResultsVenting is expensive blower
costs money to run
Venting won’t work odors behave like electrically charged
particles, won’t move out
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Subway Elevator Motor Room De-Odorizationusing CAP Clean Air Plants
Motor Room
SubwayElevator
ResultsCAPs generate Clean Air Zone no blower or vent ducts required. Saves
capital cost and energy.
Clean Air Zone Captures charged particles odors are captured by electrical
grounding, and then destroyed by enzymes: BioHygienics!
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP90 from NYC Subway Elevator Machine Room
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
CAP55 CAP35
Relative SizesCAP90 plus CAP600T met the requirements:
1. No vent to the outdoors2. No smoke or odors outside of the room (total
containment)3. No activation of plant smoke alarms
Smokehouse within Industrial Food Manufacturing Plant
Air & Water Solutions PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL www.cleanairplant.com
Wastewater cleaned at Chemical Manufacturing Facility
CWP 1000
pH Benzene Toluene EB Xylene (m,p) Xylene (o) Efficiency
PPB Limits 5-10 57 29 142 400 200
Start (1) 2.5 28213 4896 22498 77941 23800
Finish
(24 hrs discharge)
2.5 0 1052 182 776 302 98.5
Start (2) 2.5 0 2049 15344 47505 141919
Finish
(24 hrs discharge)
2.5 0 585.5 133.2 50.9 0 00.6
Start (3) 2.4 0 1727 10413 33041 11161
Finish
(24 hrs discharge)
0 0 0 974 0 98.3