5
© 2011 Watsonville Environmental Science Workshop. All Rights Reserved worldwide. When linking to or using WESW content, images, or videos, credit MUST be included. Airboat Category: Physics: Electricity, Motors, Force & Motion Type: Make & Take Rough Parts List: How To: Cut a shape for the bottom of the airboat. Build platforms for the propellers. Make propellers by gluing card stock to a bit of glue stick and attach one to each motor. Build a battery pack. 1 Battery 2 Motors 4 Connection wires 2 Brass fasteners 4 Paper clips 2 Medium to large propellers Electrical Tape Knife Glue gun Styrofoam Materials to elevate motors

Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

©  2011  Watsonville  Environmental  Science  Workshop.  All  Rights  Reserved  worldwide.    When  linking  to  or  using  WESW  content,  images,  or  videos,  credit  MUST  be  included.  

Airboat  

Category:    Physics:  Electricity,  Motors,  Force  &  Motion  

Type:  Make  &  Take    Rough  Parts  List:  

How  To:  

Cut  a  shape  for  the  bottom  of  the  airboat. Build  platforms  for  the  propellers.  

Make  propellers  by  gluing  card  stock  to  a  bit  of  glue  stick  and  attach  one  to  each  motor.  

Build  a  battery  pack.  

1   Battery  2   Motors  4   Connection  wires  2   Brass  fasteners  4   Paper  clips  2   Medium  to  large  propellers     Electrical  Tape     Knife     Glue  gun     Styrofoam     Materials  to  elevate  motors  

Page 2: Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

©  2011  Watsonville  Environmental  Science  Workshop.  All  Rights  Reserved  worldwide.    When  linking  to  or  using  WESW  content,  images,  or  videos,  credit  MUST  be  included.  

Connect  each  motor  to  the  battery  pack.  

Test  the  airboat  and  watch  it      move  across  the  water.  

 

 Airboats  can  be  designed  in  many  ways.    The  model  above  uses  plastic  bottles,  

popsicle  sticks,  styrofoam,  and  cardboard.    

Underside  of  model  #2.                            

 

 

Backside  of  model  #2.    

 Fine  Points:  → The  propellers  should  be  up  high  enough  that  they  do  not  hit  the  water  when  they  spin.      → Place  the  propellers  far  apart  so  that  they  do  not  hit  each  other  when  they  spin.    → One  motor  is  enough,  but  two  can  give  more  thrust  and  more  control.    A  tethered  remote  control  can  

also  be  created  on  this  project.      

Page 3: Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

©  2011  Watsonville  Environmental  Science  Workshop.  All  Rights  Reserved  worldwide.    When  linking  to  or  using  WESW  content,  images,  or  videos,  credit  MUST  be  included.  

 

Concepts  Involved:    • Force  and  motion  • Density  • Friction  • Newton’s  Laws  of  Motion:  

−  An  object  at  rest  will  remain  at  rest  unless  acted  on  by  an  unbalanced  force.                                                                        An  object  in  motion  continues  in  motion  with  the  same  speed  and  in  the                                                                                                same  direction  unless  acted  upon  by  an  unbalanced  force.  

−  Acceleration  is  produced  when  a  force  acts  on  a  mass.  The  greater  the  mass                                                                                  of  the  object  being  accelerated  the  greater  the  amount  of  force  needed  to                                                                        accelerate  the  object.  

− For  every  action,  there  is  an  equal  and  opposite  reaction.  

Focus  Questions:  1. Drop your boat into the water. Does it move on its own? 2. Turn on the propeller. How far will the boat travel before stopping? 3. Why doesn’t your boat sink? 4. Try building a boat out of wood, paper, and cardboard. Does your boat float? Which material builds the

best boat? 5. Stack high-density objects like nails, rocks, or coins onto the boat. How well does the boat float and move

with the additional weight?

Elaboration:  An  airboat  is  basically  a  boat  propelled  by  a  giant  fan.  Since  an  airboat’s  propellers  are  placed  above  the  water,  the  base  of  an  airboat  can  be  made  completely  flat.  This  allows  the  airboat  to  travel  over  places  where  normal  boats  cannot  go,  such  as  shallow  rocky  water,  swamps,  ice  and  sometimes  even  grass.    Newton’s  Laws  of  Motion  help  us  to  understand  how  airboats  move.  Newton’s  1st  Law  says  that  an  object  at  rest  will  remain  at  rest  unless  acted  on  by  an  unbalanced  force.  When  dropped  into  the  water,  the  airboat  does  not  move  on  its  own,  it  needs  the  force  of  the  propellers  to  move  around.    After  the  propellers  have  been  turned  on  and  the  airboat  has  started  moving,  it  will  keep  moving  until  it  hits  a  wall  or  something  gets  in  its  way  (an  unbalanced  force).        The  styrofoam  airboat  model  moves  quickly  through  the  water  because  it  is  made  of  lightweight  material.    If  the  airboat  were  made  of  wood  or  metal,  bigger  propellers  would  be  needed  to  move  the  airboat  at  the  same  speed  as  the  styrofoam  model.  This  follows  Newton’s  2nd  law:  the  greater  the  mass  of  the  object  being  accelerated,  the  greater  the  amount  of  force  needed  to  accelerate  the  object.    Newton’s  3rd  Law  tells  us  that  for  every  action,  there  is  an  equal  and  opposite  reaction.  The  propellers  of  an  airboat  have  been  set  up  so  that  when  they  move,  they  throw  air  behind  the  boat.  The  action  of  the  propellers  creates  an  equal  and  opposite  reaction  pushing  the  boat  forward.    Changing the size of the propellers on the styrofoam model may also influence the speed of the airboat.

Links  to  k-­‐8  California  State  Standards:  

Grades  k-­‐8  Standard  Set  Investigation  and  Experimentation  

Page 4: Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

©  2011  Watsonville  Environmental  Science  Workshop.  All  Rights  Reserved  worldwide.    When  linking  to  or  using  WESW  content,  images,  or  videos,  credit  MUST  be  included.  

Scientific  progress  is  made  by  asking  meaningful  questions  and  conducting  careful  investigations.    As  a  basis  for  understanding  this  concept  and  addressing  the  content  in  the  other  strands,  students  should  develop  their  own  questions  and  perform  investigations.      Grade  2  Standard  Set  1.  Physical  Sciences  The  motion  of  objects  can  be  observed  and  measured.    1.a.  Students  know  the  position  of  an  object  can  be  described  by  locating  it  in  relation  to  another  object  or    

to  the  background.  1.b  Students  know  machines  and  living  things  convert  stored  energy  to  motion  and  heat.  1.c  Students  know  the  way  to  change  how  something  is  moving  is  by  giving  it  a  push  or  pull.  The  size  of    

the  change  is  related  to  the  strength,  or  the  amount  of  force,  of  the  push  or  pull.    1.d  Students  know  energy  can  be  carried  from  one  place  to  another  by  waves,  such  as  water  waves  and    

sound  waves,  by  electric  current,  and  by  moving  objects.  1.e  Students  know  objects  fall  to  the  ground  unless  something  holds  them  up.      Grade  3  Standard  Set  1:  Physical  Sciences  (Energy  and  Matter)  Energy  and  matter  have  multiple  forms  and  can  be  changed  from  one  form  to  another.  1.b  Students  know  sources  of  stored  energy  take  many  forms,  such  as  food,  fuel,  and  batteries.    1.c.  Students  know  machines  and  living  things  convert  stored  energy  to  motion  and  heat.    1.d.  Students  know  energy  can  be  carried  from  one  place  to  another  by  waves,  such  as  water  waves  and    

sound  waves,  by  electric  current,  and  by  moving  objects.      Grade  4  Standard  Set  1:  Physical  Sciences  Electricity  and  magnetism  are  related  effects  that  have  many  useful  applications  in  everyday  life.    1.a.  Students  know  how  to  design  and  build  simple  series  and  parallel  circuits  by  using  components  such    

as  wires,  batteries,  and  bulbs.          1.g  Students  know  electrical  energy  can  be  converted  to  heat,  light,  and  motion.    Grade  8  Physical  Standards    Standard  Set  2.  Forces:  Unbalanced  forces  cause  changes  in  velocity.      2.a.  Students  know  a  force  has  both  direction  and  magnitude.    2.b.  Students  know  when  an  object  is  subject  to  two  or  more  forces  at  once,    the  result  is  the  cumulative    

effect  of  all  the  forces.    2.c.  Students  know  when  the  forces  on  an  object  are  balanced,  the  motion  of  the  object  does  not  change.    2.d.  Students  know  how  to  identify  separately  the  two  or  more  forces  that  are  acting  on  a  single  static    

object,  including  gravity,  elastic  forces  due  to  tension  or  compression  in  matter,  and  friction.  2.f.  Students  know  the  greater  the  mass  of  an  object,  the  more  force  is  needed  to  achieve  the  same  rate  of    

change  in  motion.      Grade  8  Standard  Set  8.  Density  &  Buoyancy  All  objects  experience  a  buoyant  force  when  immersed  in  a  fluid.  8.c  Students  know  the  buoyant  force  on  an  object  in  a  fluid  is  an  upward  force  equal  to  the  weight  of  the    

fluid  the  object  has  displaced.  8.d  Students  know  how  to  predict  whether  an  object  will  float  or  sink.  

   Grades  9-­‐12  Chemistry  Standard  Set  4:  Gases  &  Their  Properties  4.a.  Students  know  the  random  motion  of  molecules  and  their  collisions  with  a  surface  create  the    

observable  pressure  on  that  surface.      Grade  9-­‐12  Physics  Standard  Set  1.  Motion  &  Forces  Newton’s  laws  predict  the  motion  of  most  objects.  1.b  Students  know  that  when  forces  are  balanced,  no  acceleration  occurs;  thus  an  object  continues  to    

Page 5: Airboat - Community Science Workshop · PDF file · 2014-07-15Airboat" Category:**Physics: *Electricity,Motors ... Cutashapeforthebottomoftheairboat . Build"platforms"for"the"propellers."

©  2011  Watsonville  Environmental  Science  Workshop.  All  Rights  Reserved  worldwide.    When  linking  to  or  using  WESW  content,  images,  or  videos,  credit  MUST  be  included.  

move  at  a  constant  speed  or  stays  at  rest  (Newton’s  First  Law).  1.d  Students  know  that  when  one  object  exerts  a  force  on  a  second  object,  the  second  object  always  exerts    

a  force  of  equal  magnitude  and  in  the  opposite  direction  (Newton’s  Third  Law)  1.f  Students  know  applying  a  force  to  an  object  perpendicular  to  the  direction  of  its  motion  causes  the      

object  to  change  direction  but  not  speed.    Grade  9-­‐12  Physics  Standard  Set  4.  Waves:  Waves  have  characteristic  properties  that  do  not  depend  on  the  type  of  wave.  4.a  Students  know  waves  carry  energy  from  one  place  to  another.  4.d  Students  know  sound  is  a  longitudinal  wave  whose  speed  depends  on  the  properties  of  the  medium  in    

which  it  propagates.    Grades  k-­‐12  Mathematical  Reasoning:  1.0  Students  make  decisions  about  how  to  approach  problems:  1.1  Analyze  problems  by  identifying  relationships,  distinguishing  relevant  from  irrelevant  information,    

sequencing  and  prioritizing  information,  and  observing  patterns.  1.2  Determine  when  and  how  to  break  a  problem  into  simpler  parts.      2.0  Students  use  strategies,  skills,  and  concepts  in  finding  solutions:  2.1  Use  estimation  to  verify  the  reasonableness  of  calculated  results.  2.2  Apply  strategies  and  results  from  simpler  problems  to  more  complex  problems.  2.3  Use  a  variety  of  methods,  such  as  words,  numbers,  symbols,  charts,  graphs,  tables,  diagrams,  and    

models,  to  explain  mathematical  reasoning.  2.5  Indicate  the  relative  advantages  of  exact  and  approximate  solutions  to  problems  and  give  answers  to    

a  specified  degree  of  accuracy.    3.0  Students  move  beyond  a  particular  problem  by  generalizing  to  other  situations:    3.1  Evaluate  the  reasonableness  of  the  solution  in  the  context  of  the  original  situation.  3.2  Note  the  method  of  deriving  the  solution  and  demonstrate  a  conceptual  understanding  of  the    

derivation  by  solving  similar  problems.  3.3  Develop  generalizations  of  the  results  obtained  and  apply  them  in  other  circumstances.