AIX 5.3 Принципы управления системой.pdf

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    AIX 5L 5.3

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    SC23-4908-01

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    AIX 5L 5.3

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    SC23-4908-01

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    B, , . 187.

    ( 2004 )

    AIX 5L 5.3 , .

    . , : Information Development, Department H6DS-905-6C006, 11501 Burnet Road,Austin, Texas 78758-3493. : [email protected]. IBM - .

    Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 Hewlett-Packard CompanyCopyright (c) 1993, 1994 International Business Machines Corp.Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.Copyright (c) 1993, 1994 Novell, Inc. . , , , . .RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to therestrictions set forth in DFARS 252.227-7013 (c)(1)(ii) and FAR 52.227-19. " " - , , , , - . . ; . HEWLETT-PACKARD, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP., SUNMICROSYSTEMS, INC. UNIX SYSTEMS LABORATORIES, INC., / , .

    Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1999, 2004. .

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    WLM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 WLM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 WLM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 , WLM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

    10. (SRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

    11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

    12. Web- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

    13. (SMIT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

    14. AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131IBM AIX Information Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

    15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 - (MPIO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

    16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

    A. BSD . . . . . . . . . . 163 AIX BSD - . . . . . . . . . . . 163 AIX BSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . 164 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 BSD 4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 - BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . 169 - BSD 4.3 . . . . 169Cron - BSD 4.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 BSD 4.3, SVR4 . . . . . . . . . 173 - BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . 174 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 - BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . 176

    man - BSD4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178NFS NIS ( Yellow Pages) - BSD

    4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 -

    BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 - BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 184UUCP - BSD 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

    iv

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    B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

    v

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    vi

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    , , , , . : . - , .

    AIX. . AIX5L5.3-: .

    AIX 5.2, AIX . AIX5L 5.3:.

    :

    , , , , , . , , - ,, ..

    , .

    , , , .

    AIX AIX , . , ls . LS, , . , FILEA, FiLea filea - , . .

    ISO 9000

    , ISO 9000.

    v AIX5L 5.3-:

    v AIX5L 5.3:

    v AIX5L 5.3:

    v AIX5L 5.3-:

    v AIX5L Version5.3CommunicationsProgrammingConcepts

    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2004 vii

    http://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/progcomc/atb.htmhttp://../aixprggd/genprogc/atb.htmhttp://../aixins/insgdrf/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/security/About.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/about.htm
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    v AIX5L Version5.3KernelExtensionsandDeviceSupportProgrammingConcepts

    v AIX5L Version5.3FilesReference

    v PerformanceToolboxVersion2and3forAIX:GuideandReference

    v AIX5L 5.3:

    v CommonDesktopEnvironment1.0:AdvancedUsersandSystemAdministratorsGuide.

    viii

    http://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../aixbman/prftungd/about.htmhttp://../perftool/prfusrgd/about.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/About.htmhttp://../aixprggd/kernextc/About.htm
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    1.

    , , UNIX . , . , , .

    :

    v AIX

    v AIX . 2

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    AIX

    , . :

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    v man . 4

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    v (SMIT). , , .

    SMIT :

    ,

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    SMIT 13, (SMIT), . 129.

    v Web- , - , , SMIT, , :

    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2004 1

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    , ,

    Web- . , -, . Web- 12, Web- , . 127.

    AIX

    AIX,

    (LVM) , . . , , . . , . , , , .

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    .115.

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    v

    v SMIT (, )

    v

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    (SWVPD) . SWVPD (ODM). SWVPD (lslpp) (lppchk) . ODM .

    2

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    installp ODM SWVPD :

    v

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    v , ,

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    . VRMF , . , AIX 5.2 5.2.1.0; - 5.2.2.0 ..

    PTF PTF , . PTF.

    - PTF, .

    :oslevel

    , (, 4.3.3.0), :

    1. 3

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    oslevel -l 4.3.3.0

    , ( -5100-02):oslevel -r 5100-02

    , 5100-02,

    :oslevel -rl 5100-02

    (, bos.mp), :lslpp -L bos.mp

    man

    man , . , ls :>man ls

    HTML. , man, Web-, .

    man AIX5L Version5.3CommandsReference. . man - BSD 4.3 . 178.

    4

    http://../cmds/aixcmds3/man.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/man.htm
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    2.

    , : , , . , reboot shutdown.

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    http://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/bosboot.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/telinit.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/telinit.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/inittab.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/inittab.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/telinit.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/bosboot.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htmhttp://../aixbman/baseadmn/start_stop.htm
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    , . :

    v , .

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    (/) /usr. :

    . .

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    1. ROS2.

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    1. . ROS, (POST).

    6

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    2. (IPL) ROS , . bootlist. NVRAM , , . . NVRAM , .

    , . , .

    : ( ROS) ( NVRAM). Service , , .

    3. , (PSN). , (IPL). , .

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    1. restbase RAM

    (ODM) .2. ,

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    http://../cmds/aixcmds1/bootlist.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/bootlist.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/bootlist.htm
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    3. init , /etc/inittab. /etc/inittab rc.boot, :

    a. /tmp, .

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    d. rc.boot.

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    : , rootvg, RAM, , . , init S. , bosboot.

    RAM

    RAM - , , . .

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    AIX , , . AIX :

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    v -

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    - :

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    3.

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    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2004 13

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    v

    v . 15

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    14

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    . rootvg : , , , - . rootvg . , rootvg . rootvg .

    mkvg. extendvg, - reducevg, - chvg. : (lsvg), (exportvg), (importvg), (reorgvg), (syncvg), (varyonvg) (varyoffvg).

    . , , . , , . , , .

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    3. 15

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    , (, mkvg -s). .

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    . , , . - . .

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    (MAXPVS/ ) . MAXPVS 32 ,128 1024 .

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    MAXLVS : 255 ,511 4095

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    , , 1016 , ( ) , . chvg -t. .

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    3. 17

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    64 (128/2). 2 512 512 (1024/2).

    (LVM) , , , . (LVM) , . LVM , , .

    LVM (LVDD) LVM. (LVDD) - , -. - . LVM ; .

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    Driver AIX5L Version5.3KernelExtensionsandDeviceSupportProgrammingConcepts AIX5L 5.3-: .

    , LVM .

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    - , , , . , .

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    , (, , VGDA/VGSA) (51%) VGDA/VGSA

    18

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    . , , VGDA/VGSA, , VGDA/VGSA. , VGDA/VGSA, . , .

    (LVM). , -, , , . , .

    . . . . , , . , , . , , , , .

    (LVM) , VGDA VGSA . , , , VGDA/VGSA. , . VGDA VGSA, , .

    , , , . , .

    : , rootvg, , rootvg. , .

    - , . - .

    . 21. .

    . , , , . . , . . .

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    :

    v .

    , ,

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    . , , . varyoffvg, exportvg. importvg .

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    ,, . , , :

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    . , , . , . , (. Strict . 26), (. . 27).

    20

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    , :

    v , . .

    v .

    (.. ) A ( A) B( B), . , A, B, B - A.

    v , , . ( ) .

    v . , (VGDA).

    .v ,

    . , . , , , - , .

    , , .

    - , , , , . , ; . , .

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    . AIX 4.3.3 . AIX5.1, , - .

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    , (LVDD) , , . , .. , .

    : , , , .

    . , , : , . . .

    . . , , .

    . . LVM . LVM . .

    . .

    , . - yes. yes, . no, . , . , - . yes, . no, .

    : , , .

    (MWC) (MWC) , , - . . MWC.

    3. 23

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    MWC , MWC . - MWC . MWC , .

    MWC . , (LTG).

    LTG: 128 , 256 , 512 , 1024 , 2 , 4 ,8 16 .

    : LTG 128 - . LTG - , LTG. .

    , . MWC. MWC . MWC .

    MWC , . . , , . .

    MWC , . . , . , MWC , . , :syncvg -f -l LTV

    , , . , .

    , , . LVM . , iodone . ( ), . , ( iodone) , MWC.

    ,, , . , .

    MWC , . MWC . MWC LTG; MWC . .

    24

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    , LVM. LVM, , , ( , , ).

    : , JFS , ,

    MWC.

    , . . mklv chlv:

    v Range , .

    v Strict mklv, .

    v SuperStrict, .

    v Super Strict.

    Range (Range = minimum), . (Range =maximum), . .

    minimum. minimum , . , , .

    . , , . , , , - , , .

    .

    3. . . -;.

    3. 25

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    maximum, ( ). , . maximum .

    .

    . .

    Strict

    - . . Strict.

    ( ).

    Strict. , , , Strict.

    Strict = y , . Strict = n . Super Strict , .

    : , Strict n. .

    Strict.

    1

    2

    3

    4. . , .

    26

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    Strict:

    , , .

    , . , .

    : - , .

    hd1 2

    hd1

    ( Strict)

    hd1 1

    ( Strict)

    hd2 hd1 2

    hd2 2

    hd1 3

    hd2 3

    hd2 1

    hd2 2

    hd1 3

    hd2 3

    5. /Strict. , Strict, .Strict, .

    hd1 2

    ( 1)

    ( Strict)

    hd1 hd1 1 2

    ( 1) ( 1)

    ( Strict)

    hd11( 1)

    hd11( 2)

    hd1 2( 2)

    hd1 1( 2)

    hd1 2( 2)

    6. /Strict. , Strict, . Strict, .

    3. 27

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    : MWC , MWC. , MWC , , .

    , :

    1. 2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    , , , , . , , , . , .

    , . . , , . , , , , . .

    , , .

    Web- , SMIT mklv-m.

    , rootvg lv06 , 1 3, 41 45 50 60 hdisk1, :

    1. , :lspv -p hdisk1

    2. , /tmp/mymap1, :

    hdisk1:1-3hdisk1:41-45hdisk1:50-60

    mklv , . . ( ).

    3. :mklv -t jfs -y lv06 -m /tmp/mymap1 rootvg 10

    28

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    , , . .

    : . .

    VGName lv07 12 16 hdisk1, hdisk2 hdisk3 :mklv -y lv07 -S 16K VGName 12 hdisk1 hdisk2 hdisk3

    VGName lv08 12 8 :mklv -y lv08 -S 8K -u 3 VGName 12

    AIX5L 5.3:.

    . . , , . mklv, chlv.

    AIX 5.1,

    . . , , SSA. , SSA.

    . MWC - , .

    chvg chpv, , :chvg -h__-s_

    _

    __ :

    y . , .

    Y , .

    n ( ).

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    r .

    _, :

    y .

    n . ( .)

    _ .

    AIX 5.1, , . , - .

    - . , . , lvmstat

    . lvmstat , .

    lvmstat . , migratelp.

    lvmstat:# lvmstat -v rootvg -e# lvmstat -v rootvg -C# lvmstat -v rootvg

    : iocnt Kb_read Kb_wrtn /hd8 4 0 16 0.00paging01 0 0 0 0.00lv01 0 0 0 0.00hd1 0 0 0 0.00hd3 0 0 0 0.00hd9var 0 0 0 0.00hd2 0 0 0 0.00hd4 0 0 0 0.00hd6 0 0 0 0.00hd5 0 0 0 0.00

    . /unix /tmp. lvmstat rootvg:# cp -p /unix /tmp# lvmstat -v rootvg

    iocnt Kb_read Kb_wrtn /hd3 296 0 6916 0.04hd8 47 0 188 0.00hd4 29 0 128 0.00hd2 16 0 72 0.00paging01 0 0 0 0.00lv01 0 0 0 0.00hd1 0 0 0 0.00

    30

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    hd9var 0 0 0 0.00hd6 0 0 0 0.00hd5 0 0 0 0.00

    hd3, /tmp, hd8, JFS, hd4 (/), hd2, /usr, hd9var, /var. hd3 hd2:# lvmstat -l hd3

    Log_part mirror# iocnt Kb_read Kb_wrtn /1 1 299 0 6896 0.043 1 4 0 52 0.002 1 0 0 0 0.004 1 0 0 0 0.00

    # lvmstat -l hd2Log_part mirror# iocnt Kb_read Kb_wrtn /

    2 1 9 0 52 0.003 1 9 0 36 0.007 1 9 0 36 0.004 1 4 0 16 0.009 1 1 0 4 0.00

    14 1 1 0 4 0.001 1 0 0 0 0.00

    - . - (iocnt), (Kb_read Kb_wrtn), . . , . , , . iocnt.

    migratelp , ( lvmstat) .

    , . . :# migratelp hd3/1 hdisk1/109migratelp: 1 1

    hd3 109 hdisk1.

    , , , .Web- . AIX5L 5.3-: .

    lspv. , , . , , . . :

    1. lspv.

    3. 31

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    2. . . , .

    3. , , .

    4. , . . .

    32

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    4.

    AIX , , . RAM (VMM). , . - , , . . , , .

    AIX5L 5.3-: .

    (VMM)

    (VMM) .

    , , (RAM), . AIX , , . RAM (VMM).

    AIX 4096 , . 4096 . VMM :

    v

    v , .

    VMM . , , VMM . , VMM.

    VMM , . AIX , , . VMM .

    VMM.

    AIX . VMM . . , , . JFS JFS2 RAM. VMM , , , .

    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2004 33

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    . . . , . . .

    . , . , , . , . .

    VMM : . . . .

    VMM , ( ), , . VMM , , , .

    , . . . . , . VMM .

    - , , . . , , .

    , NFS. NFS, , NFS . .

    . , . . AIX5L 5.3-: .

    34

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    . NFS , .

    , , .

    :

    v

    v . 37

    v , . 37

    AIX . ( ) PSALLOC. - . PSALLOC, . , .

    PSALLOC. PSALLOC , null, , early, ( late).

    (late) , . , .

    , . , . , , , .

    , , . , . . .

    . , , . , , . SIGDANGER . , SIGDANGER, SIGKILL.

    PSALLOC early. , .

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    PSALLOC early, . , malloc brk .

    , , SIGKILL .

    , PSALLOC early . ( PSALLOC AIX5L5.3-: .)

    :

    v malloc

    v free

    v calloc

    v realloc

    v brk

    v sbrk

    v shmget

    v shmctl

    : . . , , . , ( ), SIGKILL. , , .

    , , . , . . , .

    , . AIXwindows 250 . , , .

    , , , . lsps -s , , .

    , , PSALLOC. , ( ), :

    36

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    1. PSALLOC, getenv.

    2. , PSALLOC setenv. PSALLOC execve, execve, . PSALLOC, , , .

    3. getenv PSALLOC, . .

    AIX :

    v 16 . hd6 64 AIX 4.3 .

    v 20% .

    v 256 , .

    v 256 , 512 .

    , /etc/swapspaces , swapon -a. mkps -a rmps. , chps -a. , chps -d ( ).

    :

    chps .lsps .

    mkps . mkps mklv . NFS mkps mkdev . NFS mkps NFS , .

    rmps .swapoff .

    . rmps.

    swapon . swapon . , , swapon .

    :

    v

    v

    v

    :

    v .

    4. 37

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    v .

    38

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    5.

    - () . , , . , . .

    .

    . , . , . , , . JFS JFS2 (AIX 5.2 ) a .

    : 32 512. chlv.

    mkfs( ) ( smit). . 45.

    , . , . . . mount. . system. , /etc/filesystems, . , , umount. . 46.

    AIX 5.2 , (JFS) (JFS2). . 51.

    - , . . -, . , :

    v

    v , .

    v .

    Copyright IBM Corp. 1999, 2004 39

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    :

    v , , /usr.

    v , (, ) /var.

    v , (, ),

    /usr/share.v (/) , .

    , , , , .

    v /home .

    v /export , , , /usr/share , /usr.

    . , ,

    . , , .

    .

    (/).

    etc

    bin /usr/bin

    sbin

    dev

    tmp

    var

    usr

    home

    export

    / u /home

    lib /usr/lib

    tftpboot

    ...

    7. . . /bin /usr/bin. /lib /usr/lib. /u /home.

    40

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    /etc , .:

    v /etc/hosts

    v /etc/passwd

    /etc . , /etc, /usr/sbin.

    /etc . :

    v /etc/chown - /usr/bin/chown .

    v /etc/exportvg - /usr/sbin/exportvg./bin /usr/bin. UNIX

    /bin , /usr/bin./sbin ,

    /usr. , , , /sbin .

    /dev . /dev , , .

    /tmp , , . /tmp - .

    /var , . /var , . /var . 43.

    /u /home./usr ,

    , , ASCII.

    /usr. /usr . /usr

    /usr./home , .

    /home .

    /home . , . /home , /home.

    /export , .

    /export /export . 44.

    /lib /usr/lib. /usr.

    /tftpboot .

    /usr /usr , . /usr .

    5. 41

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    /usr , /dev/hd2. /usr , . /usr , , .

    /usr, /usr/share,

    .

    /usr :

    /usr/bin . /usr/bin ls, cat mkdir.

    /usr/ccs ./usr/include , ./usr/lbin ./usr/lib , , lib*.a.

    /lib (/) - /usr/lib, , /lib, /usr/lib. .

    /usr/lpp ./usr/sbin ,

    (SMIT). , /etc, /usr/sbin.

    /usr/share , . /usr/share . 43.

    /var

    /usr/adm /var/adm

    8. /usr. /usr:/bin, /ccs, /lib, /lpp,/adm /var/adm /man /usr/share/man.

    42

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    /usr/mail /var/spool/mail/usr/news /var/news/usr/preserve /var/preserve/usr/spool /var/spool/usr/tmp /var/tmp; /usr

    .

    /usr/share /usr/lib

    /usr/dict /usr/share/dict/usr/man /usr/share/man/usr/lpd /usr/lib/lpd.

    /usr/share /usr/share , . .

    /usr, - /usr/share. /usr/share , . , /usr: , /usr/share.

    /usr/share.

    /usr/share :

    /usr/share/man , /usr/share/dict /usr/share/lib , , terminfo,

    learn,tmac, me macros/usr/share/lpp ,

    .

    /var

    : /var , , , , . , , /var, skulker. /var 4 .

    9. /usr/share. /usr/share:/lib,/lpp, /dict /man.

    5. 43

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    /var, , /var/adm/wtmp /var/adm/ras/errlog, .

    /var, :

    /var/adm/ras/trcfile /var/tmp/snmpd.log snmpd.

    /var /var.

    /var/adm /var/news /var/preserve , ;

    , /usr/preserve /var/spool , ;

    , /usr/spool /var/tmp ; , /usr/tmp

    . /usr/tmp /var/tmp.

    /export /export , , , , . , , , . /export. /export:

    /exec , /usr.

    /swap ./share , /usr/share.

    /root , /.

    /dump , .

    /home , /home.

    /export , . /export - ,

    10. /var. /var:/adm, /news , /preserve,/spool /tmp.

    44

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    . , . /export :

    /export/root (/). /export/root .

    /export/exec - (SPOT). /usr . SPOT - /usr, /export/exec , . RISCAIX.

    /export/share /usr/share . , . - /export/share/AIX/usr/share.

    /export/home /home .

    . - /export/home.

    /export/swap - . ; . /export/swap.

    /export/dump ; . /export/dump, .

    microcode . - /export/exec/RISCAIX/usr/lib/microcode.

    , , , , . . :

    v

    v v

    v

    v

    v .

    v .

    5. 45

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    :

    backup chfs -asplitcopy

    JFS

    dd ;

    df fsck mkfs mount ,

    restore snapshot JFS2umount .

    .

    , .

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    chfs crfs lsfs rmfs mount

    . /etc/vfs , :

    chvfs crvfs lsvfs rmvfs

    , , , , . . mount .

    . system ( ) , /etc/filesystems. root , . /etc/filesystems , . mount .

    46

    http://../cmds/aixcmds1/backup.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/dd.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/df.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/fsck.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mkfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/restore.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/snapshot.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/umount.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/crfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/rmfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/vfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/crvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/rmvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/rmvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/crvfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chvfs.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/vfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/rmfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/crfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/umount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds5/snapshot.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds4/restore.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mkfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/fsck.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/df.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds2/dd.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/chfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/backup.htm
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    -

    - , , . , .

    , , , . , , , , . , . .

    , , . .. ( ) . , .

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    111.

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    , . , , , . . , /home/server/database /home/user1, /home/user2 /home/user3:

    5. 47

    http://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htm
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    /home/server/database /home/user1/home/server/database /home/user2/home/server/database /home/user3

    , . ln -s. ,

    .

    . . - , . . /etc/filesystems mount = automatic. - . mount all /etc/rc. /etc/filesystems mount = true.

    /etc/filesystems.

    , . .

    /etc/filesystems , . . , /etc/filesystems. /etc/filesystems:/:dev=/dev/hd4vol="root"mount=automaticcheck=falsefree=true

    vfs=jfslog=/dev/hd8type-bootfs

    /home:dev=/dev/hd1vfs=jfslog=/dev/hd8mount=truecheck=truevol="/home"free=false

    /usr:/dev=/dev/hd2vfs=jfslog=/dev/hd8mount=automaticcheck=falsetype=bootfsvol="/usr"free=false

    /etc/filesystems. - , , /etc/filesystems, . ,

    48

    http://../cmds/aixcmds3/ln.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/filesystems.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/ln.htm
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    /home /usr. - , .

    -

    /dev. , .

    , tty , . , tty, .

    , -, , , .

    , .

    , setuid setgid. setuid setgid. , , - .

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    nosuid mount setuid setgid . , , (, , ).

    nodev mount . ,

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    , /exports , .

    :

    5. 49

    http://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/exports.htmhttp://../files/aixfiles/exports.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mount.htm
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    /export/root/_ /( )/export/exec/_SPOT /usr/export/home/_ /home

    /export/share /usr/share/export/dump

    /export/swap .

    /export /export . 44.

    , , /export .

    /export/root: /export/root ; , root. , mount :

    nosuid setuid .nodev

    .

    /export/root .

    /export/exec: /export/exec ; , root. mount :

    nosuid setuid . /usr nousid .

    nodev .

    /export/share: /export/share ; , root. , , ( ), mount .

    /export/home: /home:

    v /export/home/- /home . , root - . /export/home mount:

    nosuid setuid .nodev

    .

    v /home /home . /home , root. /home , mount nosuid nodev.

    50

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    v /home/- /home/-, . /home/- mount nousid nodev.

    /export/dump: /export/dump/-

    , root. /export/dump/- .

    /export/swap: /export/swap/- , root. . /export/swap/- .

    AIX . :

    v (JFS) (JFS2)

    v (NFS)

    v - (CDRFS)

    v DVD-ROM (UDFS) . 52

    (JFS) (JFS2) . , . .

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    . , , , .

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    (NFS)NFS - , , . ,

    , , , . NFS 6, , AIX5L 5.3-: .

    - (CDRFS) - .CDRFS CDRFS . 63.

    5. 51

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    DVD-ROM (UDFS) DVD . UDFS UDFS . 64.

    JFS JFS2 (JFS)

    (JFS2) . AIX. , JFS2 64- .

    . , .

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    : 512-4096 : 512-4096

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    (, 4096 ) , ,

    52

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    -, . , . , 4096, 4096 4096 . , -. ,

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    . (JFS) 512, 1024, 2048 4096 . , . () , .

    5. 53

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    JFS , . 4096 , . , 4096 .

    ( , ), . JFS :

    v 4096 .

    v 4096 32 .

    32 , 4096 . ,

    . 4096 , 32 4096 . 4096 .

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    . , . , , .

    4096 , . , 512 512 . 512 , . 4096 , . ,

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    crfs mkfs. , .

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    54

    http://../cmds/aixcmds1/crfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mkfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mkfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsfs.htmhttp://../libs/basetrf2/statfs.htmhttp://../libs/basetrf2/statfs.htmhttp://../libs/basetrf2/statfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/lsfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/mkfs.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds1/crfs.htm
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    - , . ( ) . 4096 , .

    i-

    , , . - , : i-.

    JFSi-: JFS , i- , , . i- i-(NBPI). , NBPI 1024, i- 1024 . NBPI (, 512 ), i-, NBPI (, 16384), i-.

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    5. 55

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    , 4096 , .

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    .

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    56

    http://../cmds/aixcmds3/logform.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/logform.htmhttp://../cmds/aixcmds3/logform.htm
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    JFS i- 16 M (224).

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    8 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384

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    5. 57

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    . i- .

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    58

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    , 132 33 ( 1024 4). 132 1024 4 1024 128 . 132 . .

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    : (/) . , /usr, installp . .

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    60

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    , . : , . , , stat.

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    5. 61

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    62

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    5. 63

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    Rock Ridge Group ISO 9660, . POSIX System UseSharing Protocol (SUSP) Rock Ridge InterchangeProtocol (RRIP), CD-ROM

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    64

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    v

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