Bilingual Dictionaryfor ESL Beginners

Diccionario bilingüe básico para estudiantesde inglés como segundo idioma

English/Spanish

Inglés/Español

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work on this production was supported by a large number ofESL teachers who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© 2001 New South Wales Department of Education and TrainingStudent Services and Equity Programs, Multicultural Programs Unit,Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010

Phone 9244 5764 or 9244 5324

RESTRICTED WAIVER OF COPYRIGHT

The printed material in this publication is subject to a restricted waiverof copyright to allow the purchaser to make photocopies of thematerial contained in the publication for use within schools orinstitutes subject to the conditions below.

1. All copies of the printed material shall be made withoutalteration or abridgement and must retain acknowledgement ofthe copyright.

2. The school or college shall not sell, hire or otherwise deriverevenue from copies of the material, nor distribute copies of thematerial for any other purpose.

3. The restricted waiver of copyright is not transferable and may bewithdrawn in the case of the breach of any of these conditions.

ISBN No: 0 7310 77539

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80

2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81

3. Common irregular verbs 82

4. Times 84

5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85

6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

Introduction

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developedfor use by students in the early stages of learning English as asecond language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the mostcommon words that students use in everyday communicationand in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for furtherlanguage acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes intoconsideration the Australian culture and way of life includingfrequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It isexpected that students will use this publication as a referencepoint for the first 12 to 18 months of English languageacquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESLBeginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. Itcontains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be foundwith their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use atschool and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice oflexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation hashelped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resourcesuited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

i

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold,definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning.You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the pagecontents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and isalphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) andare numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing theheadword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of backspeechn Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with

the meaning body partadv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb

with the meaning opposite frontphrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full

Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of helpspeechn Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with

the meaning aidphrase 2. help yourself the phrase help yourself is translated in full with

(serve yourself) the meaning serve yourself colloq 3. I can't help it (I have the colloquial phrase I can't help it is phr no control over it) translated in full with the meaning I have no

control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage themeaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and arenot translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

ii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of thedictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. Theseare not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be

Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in thedictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviationsused is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaning

abbrev abbreviationadj adjective

adv adverb

colloq colloquialism

colloq phr colloquial phrase

conj conjunction

det determiner

int interjection

n noun

phr v phrasal verb

prep preposition

pron pronoun

prt v present tense verb form

pt v past tense verb form

v verb

iii

a – afterwards

Adet a/an un/unan ability habilidad

ablev 1. be able to poderadj 2. talented capazn Aboriginal person aborigen

aboutadv 1. approximately aproximadamenteprep 2. concerning acerca de

aboveprep 1. over arribaphrase 2. the example above más arribaadj absent ausenteadv absolutely absolutamenten accent acentov accept aceptaradj acceptable aceptablen accident accidenteadj accidental accidentalv accompany acompañarn account cuentav ache dolerv achieve lograrn achievement logroprep across al otro lado dev act actuarn activity actividadn actor actor/av add agregarn addition adiciónn address direcciónn adjective adjetivo

admitv 1. tell the truth about admitirv 2. allow to enter admitirv adopt (take on) adoptarn adult adulton advantage ventajan adventure aventuran adverb adverbion advice consejon aerobics aerobismon aeroplane aeroplanov afford permitirseadj afraid tener miedoprep after despuésn afternoon tardeadv afterwards después

1

again – argue

adv again (one more time) otra vezagainst

prep 1. next to contraprep 2. anti contran age edadadv ago hacev agree estar de acuerdo

aidn 1. help ayudav 2. help ayudarv aim (try) intentarn air airen airport aeropuertoadj all (every) todos/asv allow permitiradv alone solo/aadv aloud en voz altan alphabet alfabetoadv already yaadv also (too) tambiénconj although aunqueadv altogether totalmente, completamenteadv always siempreprt v am *see be soy/estoy n ambulance ambulancian amount cantidadn amphibian anfibiov analyse (study) analizarconj and yn angle (mathematical usage) ánguloadj angry enojado/an animal animaln ankle tobilloadj annual anual

answern 1. reply respuestav 2. reply responderadj any cualquieradv anymore máspron anyone alguienpron anything algoadv apart (separate) aparten apology disculpav appear (come into view) aparecern apple manzanan appointment citaprt v are *see be n area área, superficiev argue discutir

2

argument – autumn

n argument discusiónv arise surgirn arm (part of body) brazon army ejércitoprep around alrededor

arrangev 1. put in order ordenarv 2. make plans organizarv arrest (take into custody) arrestarv arrive llegarn arrow flechan art arten artist artistaadv as (to such a degree) tanton ash cenizaadj ashamed avergonzado/av ask preguntarv assemble reunir, armarn assembly reuniónn assignment (for school) tarea/deberesv assist asistirn assistant asistenteprep at enpt v ate *see eat n athletics atletismophrase athletics carnival campeonato de atletismon atom átomov attach adjuntar

attackn 1. fight ataquev 2. fight atacar

attemptn 1. try prueba, intentov 2. try probarv attend asistirn attendance asistencian attention atenciónv attract atraeradj attractive atractivo/an aunt tíaabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia australiano/a adj Australian australiano/a n Australian flag bandera australianan Australiana (literatura y objetos típicos de Australia) n author autor/an autumn otoño

3

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean promedioadj 2. ordinary típico/a, tipo, normal, ordinario/av avoid evitaradj awake despierto/aadv away lejosprep away from lejos deadj awful espantosopt v awoke *see awaken axe hacha

Bn baby bebé

backn 1. body part espaldaadv 2. opposite front atrásphrase 3. give it back devolvern backbone columna vertebraln background fondo, antecedentesn backpack mochilan backyard patioadj bad malo/an badminton bádmintonn bag bolsav bake hornearv balance balance, equilibrion balcony balcónadj bald calvo/a, pelado/a

balln 1. toy pelotacolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) divertirse mucho, pasarlo en granden balloon globon banana bananan band (music group) bandan bangle pulseran bank banco

barn 1. place to drink barv 2. stop from something prohibirn 3. metal rod barran barbecue barbacoa, parrilladaabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare descubierto/a, desnudo/an barrier barreran base (bottom) basen basin (wash) lavabo, piletan basket canasta, ceston basketball baloncesto, básquetbol

4

basketball court – bid

n basketball court cancha de básquetbolbat

n 1. sporting equipment baten 2. animal murciélagon bath baño, bañeran bathroom baño, cuarto de bañon battle batallan bay (inlet) bahíaabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be sern beach playan beach towel toalla de playan beach umbrella sombrilla de playan beak descanso, pausa

beam n 1. ray of light rayon 2. wooden plank vigan bean frijol, judía, poroton beard barba

beatv 1. win ganarv 2. hit golpearn 3. rhythm ritmoadj beautiful hermoso/apt v became *see becomeconj because porquev become volverse, convertirsen bed caman bedroom dormitorion bee abejan beef carne de vaca, bifept v began *see beginv begin comenzarn beginner principiantev behave comportarsen behaviour comportamientoprep behind atrásn bell campanav belong pertenecern belt cinturónn bench bancov bend doblarpt v bent *see bendadj best el/la mejorv bet apostaradj better mejorprep between entren bicycle bicicletav bid ofrecer, hacer una oferta

5

big – boat

adj big grandeabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money billeten 2. account cuentan 3. of a bird picon bird ave, pájaro

birthn 1. act of being born nacimientophrase 2. date of birth fecha de nacimienton birthday cumpleañosn biscuit galleta, galletita

bitn 1. small piece pedazo, trozophrase 2. a little bit un poquitopt v 3. *see bite

v bite morder, picaradj black (colour) negro/an blackboard pizarran blade hoja

blamen 1. censure culpav 2. lay responsibility with culparadj blank en blancon blanket manta, frazadav bleed sangrarpt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see ciego/an 2. window covering persianan blindness ceguera

blockn 1. child's toy cubov 2. stop from doing something bloquear, impedirphrase 3. a block away a una manzana desde aquíphrase 4. block of flats edificio de apartamentosadj blond rubio/an blood sangreadj bloody ensangrentado/a, sangriento/a

blown 1. hit golpev 2. pertaining to wind soplarphr v 3. blow up estallar

blueadj 1. colour azulcolloq 2. sad triste, deprimido/an board (stiff material) tablan board game juego de mesan boat bote

6

body – break

n body cuerpov boil hervir

boldadj 1. as typeface negritaadj 2. daring audazn bomb bomban bone hueson book libron bookshelf estanten boomerang bumerang

bootn 1. of car maleteron 2. footwear bota

bordern 1. as of country, state fronteran 2. edge bordeadj bored aburrido/aadj boring aburrido/a, aburridorv borrow pedir prestado

bossn 1. person in charge jefev 2. tell what to do mandonearadj both ambosv bother molestarn bottle botella

bottomn 1. body part traseron 2. lower edge fondo, de más abajopt v bought *see buyv bounce rebotarn bowl bol, tazónn box cajan boy niño, nene, muchachoabbrev bra *see brassieren brain cerebro

branchn 1. of tree ramav 2. separate bifurcarse, ramificarsen brassiere sostén, corpiño, soutienadj brave valienteadv bravely valientementen bread pann breadth anchura, ancho

breakn 1. pause descanso, pausav 2. opposite of fix romperphr v 3. break down (as in car) estropearse, descomponersephr v 4. break down (as health) debilitarse, enfermarse

7

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) entrar (para robar)phr v 6. break up (for holidays) las clases terminann breakfast desayunon breath alientov breathe respirarv breed criar, producirn brick ladrillon bridge puente

brightadj 1. shiny brillanteadj 2. clever inteligentev brighten iluminar, alegraradj brilliant brillantev bring traeradj broad amplio/a, ancho/an broccoli brócolipt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) estar pelado, estar en la ruinaphrase broken arm brazo quebradon brother hermanopt v brought *see bringn brush cepillo, pinceln bucket balde, cubov build construirpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) bombita, bombillan bullet bala

bullyn 1. person who harasses others (que acosa, intimida), peleador/av 2. harass victimizar, acosar, hostigar

bunchn 1. group grupo, montónphrase 2. bunch of flowers ramo de flores

burnn 1. injury caused by fire quemadurav 2. be on fire quemarsev burst reventarv bury enterrarn bus autobús, bus, ómnibus

bushn 1. outback campo, interior, monten 2. small tree arbusto

businessn 1. company negociocolloq phr 2. mind your own business no te metas en lo que no te importan bus stop parada de autobús

8

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break rompern 2. female body part bustoadj busy ocupado/aconj but peron butcher carniceron button botónv buy comprarprep by por

Cn cabbage repollo, coln cable cablen cafe café, cafeterían cage jaulan cake pastel, tortav calculate calcularn calculator calculadoran calendar calendario

callv 1. name llamar, llamarsen 2. as for phone llamarphr v 3. call for pedir, requerirphr v 4. call off suspenderphr v 5. call out llamar

calmadj 1. peaceful calmo/a, calmado/aphr v 2. calm down calmar, calmarsept v came *see comen camera cámarav camp acampar

canv 1. able to podern 2. steel container latan candle velan canteen (tuck shop) cantina

capn 1. headwear gorro, gorran 2. top tapa

capitaln 1. important location capitalphrase 2. capital letter mayúsculan capsicum pimiento, ají, morrónn capsule cápsulan captain capitánn car coche, auto, automóviln card tarjetan cardboard cartón

9

care – chalk

v care cuidaradj careful cuidadoso/aadv carefully cuidadosamenten carnival carnaval, campeonaton carrot zanahoria

carryv 1. take llevarphr v 2. carry on (keep going) seguir, continuar

casen 1. bag maleta, valijaphrase 2. just in case por si acason cash dinero en efectivo

cassettephrase 1. audio cassette audiocassette, cinta de audiophrase 2. video cassette videocassette, videocinta

castn 1. of a play reparto, elencov 2. throw arrojar, lanzarn castle castilloadj casual ocasional, informal, de sportn cat gato

catchphrase 1. catch a train tomarphrase 2. catch a cold resfriarsecolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) darse cuenta, caerphr v 4. catch up (reach) alcanzar, ponerse al díapt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason causav 2. make happen causarn cave cuevaabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling techo, cielo rason cell célula, celdan cent centavoadj central central

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer unidad central de procesoabbrev 2. CPU

n centre centron century siglon cereal cerealn ceremony ceremoniaadj certain seguro, cierto/aadv certainly por cierto, desde luegon chain (jewellery) cadenan chair sillan chalk tiza

10

chance – cigarette

n chance oportunidadchange

n 1. money cambio, vueltov 2. alter cambiarphrase 3. change one's mind cambiar de parecerphrase 4. change clothes cambiarse de ropaadj changeable cambianten change room vestuarion channel canaln chapter capítulon character (literary) personaje

chargen 1. cost preciov 2. as for battery cargarphr v 3. in charge a cargov chase perseguiradj cheap barato/av cheat hacer trampas, engañarv check revisar, comprobarn cheek (body part) mejillacolloq cheeky (naughty) pícaro/a

cheerv 1. make happy alegrarn 2. sound expressing enthusiasm hurra, vivan chemist farmacéutico, químicon cheque chequen cherry cerezan chess ajedrezn chest pechon chewing gum goma de mascar

chickenn 1. animal pollocolloq 2. not brave gallina, miedoson child niño/aadj childish infantiln chin mentón, barbilla

chipsn 1. hot variety papas/patatas fritasn 2. cold crisps papas chip, patatas fritas (de bolsa)n chocolate chocolaten choir corov choose elegir

chopn 1. meat cut chuletav 2. cut cortarpt v chose *see choosen church iglesian cigarette cigarrillo

11

cinema – coin

n cinema cinen circle círculoadj circular circularn circumference circunferencian city ciudad

claimn 1. assertion afirmaciónv 2. assert afirmar, sostener

clapn 1. loud noise ruido, estampidov 2. show appreciation aplaudirn class (group of students) clasen classmate compañero/a de clasen classroom aula, salón de clasephrase classroom block edificio (de aulas)n claw garran clay arcilla

cleanv 1. remove dirt limpiaradj 2. opposite dirty limpio/aadj clear claro/aadj clever inteligenten cliff precipicio, acantiladov climb subir, treparv cling aferrarse, adherirsen clock reloj

closev 1. shut cerraradj 2. near cercaadj closed cerrado/an cloth tela, pañon clothes ropan clothes line tendederon clothing ropan cloud nubeadj cloudy nublado/a

clubn 1. group of people clubn 2. implement garrote, palon clue pistan coal carbónn coast costaadj coastal costero/an coat abrigon cockatoo cacatúan coconut cocon coffee cafén coin moneda

12

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness resfríoadj 2. opposite hot frío/aadj cold-blooded a sangre fría, desalmadon collar cuello, collarv collect juntar, coleccionar, recogern collection colecciónn college colegio, escuela

colourn 1. hue colorv 2. make colourful pintar, colorearadj colourful colorido/a

combn 1. hair accessory peinev 2. do one’s hair peinar

comev 1. move towards venirphr v 2. come from venir de, ser dephr v 3. come out (as in sun) salircolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) ¡Vamos!adj comfortable cómodo/an comic cómicon comic strip tira cómica, historietav command ordenaradj common comúnn commonsense sentido comúnn communication comunicaciónn community comunidadn compact disc disco compacton company (business) compañíav compare compararn compass brújulan compasses (geometry compás

equipment)v compete competirn competition competenciav complain quejarsen complaint queja

completev 1. finish completaradj 2. finished completo/av complicate complicaradj complicated complicado/an complication complicaciónn composer compositorn composition composiciónn computer computador/an concern preocupación, inquietud

13

concerned – couple

adj concerned preocupado/an concert concierton condition condiciónn cone (geometrical shape) conov confuse confundirv congratulate felicitarv connect conectarn connection conexiónadj conscious conscientev consider considerarphr v consist of consistir enn consonant consonantev contain contenern container recipiente, contenedorn contents (as of a book) contenidov continue continuar

contrastn 1. difference contrastev 2. find differences contrastarv control controlarn conversation conversación

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime presidiario, convictov 2. find guilty of a crime condenarv cook cocinero

cooladj 1. opposite warm fresco/acolloq 2. trendy estar en la onda

copyn 1. imitation copiav 2. imitate copiarn corner esquina

correctv 1. make right corregiradj 2. right correcto/an corridor corredorv cost costarn cotton algodónn cotton wool lana

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing tosv 2. expel air from the lungs tosern council consejo, ayuntamienton counsellor concejal

countryn 1. political division paísn 2. opposite city campon couple pareja

14

courage – crush

n courage corajeadj courageous valiente

coursen 1. set of lessons curson 2. way to go curso, caminophrase 3. of course (naturally) por supueston court (as tennis court) canchan cousin primo/a

covern 1. outside of a book tapa, cubiertav 2. put cover on something taparn coward cobarden crab cangrejov crack romper, rajar

craftn 1. vessel embarcaciónn 2. handiwork artesanía

crashn 1. collision choquev 2. shatter estrellarseadj crazy loco/an creature animal, criaturan creek arroyov creep arrastrarsen crescent (shape) media luna

cricketn 1. insect grillon 2. sport críquet

criminaln 1. person who commits crime delincuenteadj 2. against the law penal, delictivo, criminal n crocodile cocodriloadj crooked torcido/an crops cultivos

crossn 1. a symbol of two cruz

intersecting lines

adj 2. angry enojado/av 3. move from one side to another cruzarphr v 4. cross out (delete) tacharn crossword crucigraman crowd gentío, muchedumbreadj crowded lleno/a, muy concurridoadj cruel cruel

crushv 1. flatten aplastarcolloq 2. a liking for someone estar loco por

15

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance gritov 2. weep llorarn cube cubon cucumber pepinon cupboard armariov cure curaradj curious curioso/a

curln 1. ringlet of hair rulo, rizov 2. form curls rizar, enrularn currency (money) moneda

currentadj 1. topical actualn 2. moving water corrienten curtain cortinan curve curvan custom costumbren customer clientev cut cortaradj cute mono/a, amoroso/a

cyclev 1. ride ir en bicicletan 2. circular event ciclon cylinder cilindro

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily diario

damagen 1. injury dañov 2. cause injury dañaradj damp húmedo/an damper (type of bread) damper

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing bailev 2. rhythmical movement bailarn danger peligroadj dangerous peligroso/aadj daring osado/a, audaz

darkadj 1. opposite light oscuro/aadj 2. opposite fair moreno/an darkness oscuridad

16

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar fechan 2. fruit dátiln daughter hijan day díaadj dead muerto/aadj deaf sordo/a

dealn 1. amount mucho, bastantev 2. give out dar, repartirn death muerten debt deuda

decayn 1. decomposition descomposiciónv 2. rot descomponerse, pudrirsev deceive engañarv decide decidirn decimal decimaln decision decisiónn deck (of house) terrazav declare declarar

decreasen 1. diminution disminuciónv 2. become smaller in number disminuir, decreceradj deep profundo/a

defeatn 1. loss derrotav 2. beat derrotarv define definir

degree n 1. of temperature gradon 2. amount grado

delayn 1. hold up demorav 2. put off till later demorar, retrasarabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen fiambrerían delight placer, deleiteadj delightful encantador/a, precioso/av deliver entregar

demandn 1. urgent requirement exigenciav 2. ask for with authority exigirv demonstrate demostrarn demonstration demostraciónn dentist dentistav depend dependeradj dependable confiable, serio/a, formal

17

dependant – discussion

adj dependant dependienten depth profundidadv descend descenderv describe describirn description descripción

desertn 1. hot, dry place desiertov 2. leave desertar, abandonarv deserve merecer

desiren 1. longing deseov 2. wish for desearn desk escritoriov destroy destruirn destruction destrucción

detailn 1. minute part detallev 2. describe fully detallarn detective detectiven detention (pertaining to school) quedarse castigado después de clasev dial discar, marcarn diameter diámetro

diamondn 1. precious stone diamanteadj 2. shape rombon diary diario, agendan dictionary diccionariopt v did *see don didgeridoo didgeridoov die morirn diet dietaadj different diferenteadj difficult difícilv dig cavarn dingo dingon dinner cenan dinosaur dinosaurion direction direcciónn dirt suciedadadj dirty sucio/av disagree no estar de acuerdo, discreparn disagreement desacuerdon disc (round, flat object) discon disco discotecav discover descubrirn discovery descubrimientov discuss discutir, hablar den discussion discusión, deliberación

18

disease – drop

n disease enfermedadn dish plato, fuenten dishwasher (appliance) lavaplatos, lavavajillasn disk (of computers) discon disk drive unidad de discov dislike desagradar, no gustarv dismiss despedir, descartarn distance distanciav disturb perturbar, molestarv dive zambullirsev divide dividirn division divisiónv divorce divorciar

dov 1. perform hacerphrase 2. What does she do? ¿Qué hace ella? ¿A qué se dedica?

(what's her job?)

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) Mucho gusto. Encantado.n doctor doctor/an document documenton dog perron dollar dólarn door puertav double doblar, duplicar

doubtn 1. uncertainty dudav 2. hesitate to believe dudarv drag arrastrarn dragon dragónpt v drank *see drinkv draw dibujar, retirarn drawer cajón

dreamn 1. images during sleep sueñov 2. imagine soñarpt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman's clothing vestidov 2. to put on clothing vestirsept v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage bebidav 2. swallow liquid beberv drive manejar, conducirn driveway entrada (para coches)

dropn 1. small amount of water gotav 2. let fall caerse, tirar

19

drought – email

n drought sequíapt v drove *see drivev drown ahogarsen drug droga, fármacon drum tamborn drunk (person who drinks borracho/a, ebrio/a

too much alcohol)

adj dry seco/apt v dug *see digadj dumb tonto/a, bobo/aprep during durante

dustn 1. dirt polvov 2. clean of dirt quitar el polvo, sacudirn duster trapo del polvo, plumeron duty (something you must do) deber

En eagle águilan ear orejaadj early temprano/av earn ganarn earring pendienten earth tierran east esteadj easy fácilv eat comern echidna puercoespín australianon edge bordev edit corregir, publicar, editarn education educaciónn effect efecton effort esfuerzon egg huevoadj either o, nin elastic elásticon elbow codo

elderadj 1. older than mayor quen 2. older person persona mayor, anciano/an election elecciónn electrician electricistan electricity electricidad

emailn 1. Internet letter correo electrónico, emailv 2. send an Internet letter enviar por correo electrónico

20

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass avergonzaradj embarrassed dar vergüenza, avergonzado/an emergency emergencian emigrant emigranten emotion emociónv employ emplearn employee empleado/an employer empleador, patrónn employment empleoadj empty vacío/an emu emúv encourage alentar

endn 1. termination finv 2. finish finalizarn enemy enemigo/a

engagedadj 1. busy ocupado/aadj 2. soon to be married comprometido/an engine motorv enjoy disfrutaradj enormous enormeadj enough suficientev enquire preguntar, averiguarv enter entrar, ingresarv entertain entretener, invitar, agasajarn entertainment entretenimiento, diversiónn entrance entradan entry entradan envelope sobren environment medio ambienteadj equal igualn equator ecuadorn equipment equipo

escapen 1. an act of escaping escapev 2. get away escaparadv even (divisible by two) parn evening tarde, nochen event eventoadj every cadaabbrev exam *see examinationn examination examen

examplen 1. illustration ejemploabbrev 2. e.g.

adj excellent excelente

21

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging intercambiov 2. give up for an equivalent intercambiarv excite excitar, entusiasmaradj excited excitado/a, entusiasmado/an excitement excitación, entusiasmoadj exciting excitante, emocionanten excursion excursión

excusen 1. justification excusav 2. pardon disculpar, perdonarint 3. Excuse me! Con permiso. Permiso. Perdón.

exercisen 1. physical work ejercicion 2. class work ejercicion 3. exercise book cuaderno

exitn 1. way out salidav 2. go out salirv expect esperaradj expensive caro/a

experiencen 1. thing undergone experienciav 2. undergo experimentar

experimentn 1. science trial experimentov 2. try something experimentarv explain explicarn explanation explicaciónv explode explotarv explore explorar

expressadj 1. fast expresov 2. say expresar

expressionn 1. on face expresiónn 2. in words expresiónadj extra extran eye ojon eyebrow ceja

Fface

n 1. part of body caraphrase 2. face the front mirar hacia el frentecolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) ¡Sé realista!n fact hechon factory fábrica

22

fade – fence

v fade desvanecersev fail fallar

faintadj 1. not dark tenuev 2. become unconscious desmayarse

fairadj 1. just justo/aadj 2. light claro/aadv fairly (quite) bastanten fairy hadav fall caeradj false falso/aadj familiar familiar

familyn 1. kin familiar, parienten 2. family tree familiaadj famous famoso/a

fann 1. great admirer fan, hinchan 2. equipment to blow air ventiladoradj far lejosn fare (cost for trip) pasajen farm granjan fashion modaadj fashionable de moda

fastadv 1. quick rápido/a, velozadv 2. forward in time adelantadov 3. go without food ayunarv fasten sujetaradj fat gordo/an father padren fault culpa, defecton favour favoradj favourite favorito/an fax fax, facsímil

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger miedov 2. be afraid temer, tener miedon feather plumav feed alimentar, dar de comer

feelv 1. as emotion sentirv 2. touch tocar, palparpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) femenino/an fence cerco, cerca

23

ferry – flashing

n ferry ferryn festival festivaln fever fiebreadj few pocos/as

fieldn 1. where sport is played canchan 2. open land campoadj fierce feroz

fightn 1. battle peleav 2. engage in battle pelear

figuren 1. number cifran 2. person personaje, figuraphr v 3. figure out (understand) entender, descifrarv fill llenarn film película, filmeadj final finalv find encontrar

fineadj 1. not raining bueno, buen tiempoadj 2. opposite thick fino/aadj 3. well (healthy) muy bienn finger dedo

finishn 1. end point finalv 2. end terminar

firev 1. cease to employ echar, despedirv 2. shoot dispararn 3. something burning fuego, incendion fireworks fuegos artificialesadv first primero/an first aid primeros auxilios

fishn 1. water creature pezv 2. catch fish pescarn fishing rod caña de pescar

fitadj 1. healthy en forma, sano/an 2. size caber, encajar, quedar bienphrase 3. fit in with (match well) concordar, corresponder, encajarv fix arreglarn flag banderan flame llaman flash (bright light) flash, destelloadj flashing intermitente

24

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling apartamentoadj 2. shape plano/a, chato/an flavour saborpt v flew *see flyn flight vuelov float flotarn flood inundación

floorn 1. part of a room pison 2. level of a building pison floppy disk disco (blando)v flow fluirn flower florabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect moscav 2. move through the air volarn fog (weather condition) niebla, neblinaadj foggy nebuloso/av fold doblarn folder carpetav follow seguirn font fuente, fontn food comida, alimenton fool tonto/aadj foolish tonto/an foot pien football fútboln footwear calzado

forphrase 1. for us para nosotrosphrase 2. for NSW para NSWphrase 3. for $5 por $5

forcen 1. strength fuerzav 2. impose on forzaradj foreign (not native) extranjero/an foreigner extranjero/an forest bosquept v forgave *see forgivev forget olvidar, olvidarsev forgive perdonarpt v forgot *see forgetn fork tenedor

formn 1. paper you fill in formulariov 2. make formar

25

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape forman fortnight quincena, quince díasadj fortunate afortunado/aadv fortunately afortunadamente

fortunen 1. large amount of money fortunan 2. luck suertept v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain fuenten fraction fracciónn frame marco

freeadj 1. costing nothing gratisadj 2. unoccupied libre, desocupado/av 3. let go liberarn freedom libertadv freeze congelar, congelarsen freezer (appliance) congeladoradj frequent frecuenteadj fresh fresco/aabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend amigo/aadj friendly simpático/a, agradablen fright sustov frighten asustar

fromphrase 1. from Sydney desde Sydneyphrase 2. from my grandmother de mi abuelaphrase 3. from $10 desde $10

frontadj 1. opposite back frenteprep 2. in front of enfrenten front door puerta del frenten front steps escalera/escalones del frentev frown fruncir el ceñopt v froze *see freezen fruit fruta

fulladj 1. opposite empty lleno/aadj 2. not hungry lleno/an full stop (punctuation mark) punto

funn 1. mirthful amusement diversión, divertidocolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) reírse den funeral funeral

26

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous cómico/a, gracioso/aadj 2. strange raro/a, extraño/an fur pieln furniture mueblesadj further más, aún másn future futuro

Gv gamble jugar, apostarn game juegon gaol *see jailn gap espacio, brechan garage (of house) garajen garden jardínn garlic ajon gas gasn gate verja, entradav gather juntar, recogerpt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy alegreadj 2. homosexual homosexual, gayn gender género, sexo

generaladj 1. usual generaln 2. rank in army generaladv generally generalmenten generosity generosidadadj generous generoso/aadj gentle dulce, delicado/a, tierno/a

getv 1. become ponerse, volversev 2. receive recibirv 3. possess tenerv 4. arrive llegarv 5. obtain conseguir, obtenerphr v 6. get on with (like) llevarse bien conphr v 7. get out (leave) salirphr v 8. get together (meet) reunirsephr v 9. get up (arise) levantarsephr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) deshacerse de

giantn 1. huge mythical being giganteadj 2. very big giganten gift regalo, obsequion girl niña, nena, muchacha

27

give – grain

givev 1. hand to darphr v 2. give in (hand in) entregarcolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) rendirse, darse por vencidophr v 4. give out (distribute) repartirphr v 5. give up (surrender) renunciarphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) dejaradj glad contento/a

glassn 1. window material vidrion 2. drinking vessel vaso, copan glasses (for eyesight) gafas, lentes, anteojosn glove guante

gov 1. move irphrase 2. go by bus ir en autobúsphrase 3. go out with salir conphr v 4. go wrong salir mal, fallarphr v 5. go on with (continue) seguir conphr v 6. go well salir bienphr v 7. go over (check) revisar, examinarphr v 8. go through (check) registrar, revisarphr v 9. go after (chase) perseguirn god diosn gold oroadj golden dorado/a

goodadj 1. opposite bad bueno/aphrase 2. vegetables are good for you las verduras son buenascolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) ¡Felicitaciones! ¡Muy bien!int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) Buenas tardesint 5. Goodbye Adiósint 6. Good day (greeting) ¿Que tal?int 7. Good morning (greeting) Buenos díasint 8. Good night (farewell) Buenas noches

goodnessn 1. virtue bondadint 2. My goodness! (expression of ¡Dios mío!

surprise)

n goods artículos, mercancía, mercaderían gossip chisme, chismorreo, cotilleopt v got *see getv govern gobernarn government gobiernon governor gobernadorv grab agarrar, aprovecharadv gradually gradualmenten grain grano

28

grand – habit

adj grand gran, magnífico/a, fabuloso/an grandchild nieto/an granddaughter nietan grandfather abuelon grandmother abuelan grandparent abuelon grandson nieton grape uvan graph gráfico/an grass pastoadj grateful agradecido/an grave grave, serio/a, tumba, sepulturaadj great gran, bárbaro/a, fabuloso/an greed gula, codiciaadj greedy codicioso/a, glotón/onaadj green verdev greet saludarn greeting saludopt v grew *see growadj grey grisn grief profunda pena, pesarv grieve sufrir, lamentar, llorarv grill (cooking) hacer a la parrilla

grossadj 1. total bruto/acolloq 2. disgusting asco, ordinario/a

groundn 1. earth sueloadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) planta bajan group grupophrase group of students grupo de estudiantesv grow crecern grown-up persona mayorv guard vigilar, guardarn guardian tutor/av guess adivinarn guest invitado

guiden 1. leader guíav 2. show the way guiarn guilt culpaadj guilty culpablen guitar guitarran gum tree eucaliptoabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium gimnasio

Hn habit hábito, costumbre

29

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) granizon hailstorm granizadan hair cabello, pelon haircut corte de peloadj halal halal (faenado)

halfadj 1. equal part of medio/aphrase 2. half-past eight ocho y median hall salónn hallway pasillo, corredorv halve partir por la mitad, dividir por dosn hamburger hamburguesan hammer martillo

handn 1. body part manon 2. hand-out repartirphr v 3. hand in entregarn handbag carteran handball handball, balonmano

handlen 1. thing that may be held mango, asav 2. touch tocar, manejaradj handsome apuesto, buen mozon handwriting letra (de mano/cursiva)

hangv 1. suspend colgar, tenderphr v 2. hang around (loiter) vagar, andar dando vueltasphr v 3. hang onto (hold) agarrarsephr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) colgarint 5. Hang on! (wait) ¡Espera!v happen ocurrir, sucedern happiness felicidadadj happy felizn harbour puerto

hardadj 1. difficult difíciladj 2. not soft duro/aadv hardly (rarely) apenasv harm dañar, hacer dañon harvest cosechan hat sombrerov hate odiar

havev 1. own tener, poseerphrase 2. have a headache tener dolor de cabezaphrase 3. have dinner cenarphrase 4. have a hair cut cortarse el pelophr v 5. have on (wear) vestir, tener puesto

30

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) tener quepron he él

headn 1. body part cabezan 2. leader jefe, directorn headache dolor de cabezan heading (title) encabezamiento, títulon health saludadj healthy sano/a, saludablen heap (pile) montón, pilav hear oírpt v heard *see hearn heart corazón

heatv 1. warm calentarn 2. warmth calorn heater (appliance) estufa, calentador, calefactoradj heavy pesado/an height alturapt v held *see holdn helicopter helicópteroint hello hola

helpn 1. aid ayudaphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) sírvetecolloq phr 3. I can't help it (I have no no lo puedo evitar

control over it)

adj helpful servicialn hemisphere hemisferio

herphrase 1. ask her pregúntale (a ella)phrase 2. her book su libroadv here aquín hero héroev hesitate vacilarn hexagon hexágonoint hi holapt v hid *see hidev hide esconder

highadj 1. tall alto/aadj 2. as for musical note alto/aphrase high-heeled shoe zapato de taco alton high school escuela secundaria, liceon hill cerro, colinapron him lo, len hip caderav hire alquilar , contratarpron his su

31

history – however

n history historiahit

v 1. strike golpear, dar un golpecolloq 2. winner éxitov hitch-hike hacer dedon hobby hobby, pasatiempo

holdv 1. grasp sostener, agarrarn 2. hold-up (robbery) atracon 3. hold-up (delay) demoraint 4. Hold it! (stop) ¡Espera!colloq phr 5. hold on (wait) un momenton hole agujeron holiday vacacionesadj hollow hueco/aadj holy sagrado/an home hogaradj homesick echar de menos (familia, país)n homework (school work you deberes, tarea

do at home)

n honest honesto/ahook

n 1. curved piece of metal gancho, perchav 2. catch enganchar

hopen 1. expectation esperanzav 2. wish esperar, desearn horizon horizonte

horn n 1. animal part cuernon 2. car part bocina, claxonadj horrible horriblen horror horror, terrorn horse caballon hospital hospitaln host anfitrión/onan hostel albergue

hotadj 1. very warm caliente, mucho calorcolloq 2. very good muy bueno/an hotel hoteln hot-plate hornalla, hornillon hour horan house casan housework (domestic work) tareas domésticas

howadv 1. in what way cómocolloq phr 2. how come? (why) cómo es que...conj however sin embargo, no obstante

32

huge – industry

adj huge inmenso/a, enormehuman

adj 1. of people humano/an 2. human being ser humanon humour humorpt v hung *see hangadj hungry tener hambre, hambriento/av hunt cazar

hurryv 1. move quickly apresurarsecolloq phr 2. hurry up darse prisa, apurarse

hurtv 1. injure hacerse daño, lastimarseadj 2. wounded lastimado/a, herido/an hut cabaña, choza

Ipron I yon ice hielon ice-cream heladoadj ideal idealconj if siadj ill enfermo/aadj illegal ilegaln illness enfermedadn illustration ilustraciónv imagine imaginaradj immediate inmediato/aadv immediately inmediatamenten immigrant inmigranteadj important importanteadj impossible imposiblev improve mejorar

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place enphrase 2. in Australia en Australiaphrase 3. in January en enerophrase 4. in English en inglésphrase 5. in pencil en lápizphrase 6. in love enamorado/aphrase 7. in danger en peligrophrase 8. in time (not late) a tiempov include incluirn income ingresosadj incorrect incorrecto/av increase aumentarn index índiceadj indoor de interiorn industry industria

33

infect – is

v infect infectarn infection infecciónv influence influirn influenza gripev inform informarn information informaciónprep in front of en frente dev inhabit habitarn inhabitant habitante

initialadj 1. first inicialn 2. first letter of name inicialn injection inyecciónv injure herir, lesionarn injury herida, lesiónadj inner interioradj innocent inocenten insect insectov insert introducir, insertarprep inside dentro dev insist insistir

instantn 1. moment instanteadj 2. immediate instantáneo/aadv instead en lugar de, en vez dev instruct ordenar, dar instruccionesn instruction instrucción, enseñanzan instrument (musical) instrumenton insurance seguroadj intelligent inteligentev intend tener la intenciónn interest interésadj interested interesado/aadj interesting interesanten Internet Internetv interrupt interrumpirn intersection intersecciónn interview entrevistaprep into en, av introduce presentar, introducirn introduction (of a book) introducciónv invent inventarn invitation invitaciónv invite invitar

ironn 1. metal hierron 2. household appliance planchav 3. as for clothing plancharprt v is *see be

34

island – keyboard

n island islait

pron 1. subject el/ellapron 2. object le, la, lopron its (possessive) su

Jn jacket chaqueta, terno, sacon jail cárceln jar frasco, poteadj jealous celoso/a, envidioso/an jeans vaqueros, jeansn jet aviónn jewel piedra preciosa, joyan jewellery joyas, alhajasn job trabajov jog correr, hacer footingn jogger persona que hace footing

joinv 1. unite unirv 2. as a club hacerse socioadj joint conjunto/an joke broma, chisten journey viajen joy alegría

judgen 1. person in court juezv 2. make a decision about juzgarn judgment fallon judo judo, yudon juice jugov jump saltarn jumper (clothing) suéter, jersey, buzo, chomba

justadv 1. only sóloadj 2. fair justo/a

Kn kangaroo canguro

keepv 1. hold on to guardar, quedarse conphr v 2. keep away no acercarsephr v 3. keep going seguirphr v 4. keep out no permitirphr v 5. keep up continuar, mantenerse al díacolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in El maestro nos hizo quedar después de clasept v kept *see keepn key llave, tecla, claven keyboard teclado

35

keyring – large

n keyring llaveron keyword palabra clavev kick patearcolloq kid (child) chaval/a, cabro/a, pibe/a, botijav kill matarn killer asesino/a

kindadj 1. good hearted amablen 2. type tipo, clasen kindness amabilidadn king reyv kiss beson kitchen cocinan knee rodillav kneel arrodillarsept v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife cuchillov knit tejern knob botón, tirador, perillav knock golpearn knot nudo

knowv 1. understand saberv 2. be acquainted with conocerphrase 3. Let me know (tell me) Avísamen koala koalan kookaburra kookaburra

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label etiquetan laboratory laboratorion labour trabajo, mano de obrav lack carecern lad muchachon ladder escalera (de mano)pt v laid *see layn lake lagon lamp lámpara

landn 1. opposite of sea tierran 2. country paísv 3. as for plane aterrizarn language lenguaje, idioma

lapn 1. body part faldan 2. distance in a pool vueltaadj large grande

36

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first último/av 2. endure duraradv lastly por últimoadj late (opposite of early) tardeadv lately últimamenteadv later más tardev laugh reírn laughter risan laundry lavaderon law leyn lawn céspedn lawyer abogado

layv 1. as for eggs ponerv 2. put colocaradj lazy perezoso/a, haragán/na

leadv 1. go first encabezar, guiarn 2. holder for a dog correan leader líder, dirigente, jefen leadership liderazgo, direcciónn leaf hojav leak gotear, perder

leanv 1. incline inclinarse, apoyarseadj 2. thin delgado/a, magro/av leap saltarn leap year año bisiestov learn aprenderpt v learnt *see learnadj least lo que menos, más mínimo/an leather cuero

leavev 1. separate from partirn 2. time off licenciaphr v 3. leave alone dejar en pazphr v 4. leave on dejar encendido/puestophr v 5. leave out omitirpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) izquierdaadj left-handed zurdo/an leg piernan lemon limónv lend prestarn length longitudpt v lent *see lendadv less menos

37

lesson – lizard

n lesson clase, lecciónlet

v 1. allow permitirv 2. rent alquilar, arrendar

lettern 1. as of alphabet letran 2. correspondence cartan letterbox buzónn lettuce lechugaadj level plano/a, parejo/a, derecho/a, nivelado/an liar mentiroson library bibliotecan licence licencia, permisov lick lamern lid tapa

liev 1. tell untruths mentirphr v 2. lie down tenderse, acostarsen life vidan lifesaver salvavidas

liftv 1. raise levantarn 2. elevator ascensorn 3. car ride llevar, aventón

lightn 1. opposite of darkness claridadn 2. as for electric light luzadj 3. not dark claro/aadj 4. not heavy liviano/an lighter (as for cigarettes) encendedorn lightning relámpago

likev 1. be fond of gustarprep 2. similar to comon limit límiten line línean lip labion liquid líquidon list listav listen escucharpt v lit *see lightn litter basuraadj little pequeño/a, chico/a

livev 1. exist vivir, existiradj 2. opposite of dead vivo/an living (job) vivir den living room sala, livingn lizard lagarto

38

load – lunch

v load cargarn lobster langosta

localn 1. person from a particular area lugareño, del lugar, de la zonaadj 2. pertaining to an area localn location ubicación, situación, lugarv lock cerraduran log (wood) troncon lolly caramelo, dulceadj lonely solo/a

longadj 1. opposite of short largo/aphr v 2. long for (want) anhelar, desearphrase 3. How long?(as time) cuánto tiempo...phrase 4. How long?(as length) de qué largo...phrase 5. long ago hace mucho tiempo

lookn 1. glance miradaphr v 2. look at mirar aphr v 3. look after cuidarphr v 4. look for buscarphr v 5. look forward to estar deseando, tener ganas dephr v 6. look up to admirar, respetarphrase 7. look like (resemble) parecerseadj loose holgado/a, suelto/a

losev 1. opposite of find perderv 2. opposite of win perderphrase 3. she lost her mother perdió a su madre

(her mother died)

n loss pérdidapt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny suerte, destinophrase 2. a lot of mucho/a, un montón deadj loud fuerte, alto/an lounge room sala, living

loven 1. passionate affection amorv 2. feel passionate amaradj low bajo/an lower case minúsculaadj loyal lealn luck suerteadj lucky afortunado/an lump bulton lunch almuerzo

39

machine – match

Mn machine máquina

madadj 1. angry furioso/aadj 2. insane loco/acolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) loco porn madam señorapt v made *see maken magazine revistan magic magian magpie urraca

mailn 1. correspondence correspondencia, correov 2. send enviar por correo, echar (una carta)adj main principal

makev 1. manufacture hacerphrase 2. make the bed hacer/tender la camaphrase 3. make friends hacerse de amigosphr v 4. make up (reconcile) hacer las paces, reconciliarsen make-up maquillajeadj male masculino/an mammal mamíferon man hombrev manage dirigir, administrarn manager gerente, director, encargadon mandarin mandarinan mango mangon manner (way) manera, forman manners (pertaining to modales

polite behaviour)

v manufacture fabricar, manufacturaradj many muchos/asn map mapan margin (of a book) margenn marijuana mariguana, marihuana

markv 1. correct corregirn 2. numerical value for work notan 3. spot marca, manchan market mercadon marriage matrimonio, casamientov marry casarsen mat alfombrita, esterilla, colchoneta

matchv 1. suit hacer juego conn 2. implement for lighting fósforo, cerilla

40

mate – midday

n 3. game partido, match, combaten mate (friend) amigo/a, compañero/an material materialn mathematics matemáticasabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance materiaphrase 2. What's the matter? ¿Qué pasa?phrase 3. It matters a lot Importa muchov may (allowed to) poderadv maybe quizás, puede serpron me min meal comida

meanv 1. intend tener la intención, querer decirn 2. average promediophrase 3. I didn't mean it (accidental) No fue mi intención. Fue sin querer. n meaning significadon means (resources) medios, recursospt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile mientras tanto, entre tantov measure medirn measurement medidan meat carnen meat pie pastel de carnen mechanic mecánicon medication medicamento, medicaciónn medicine medicina, medicamento, remedioadj medium mediano/av meet encontrarse conn melon melón, sandíav melt derretirsen member miembro, socio/av memorise memorizarn memory memoriav mend arreglar, remendaradj mental mentalv mention mencionar

menun 1. list in restaurant menún 2. list on a computer menún mess desorden, revoltijon message mensajept v met *see meetn metal metaln method métodon microscope microscopion microwave (oven) horno microondasn midday mediodía

41

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central medio, del medion 2. centre centro, medioadj middle-aged de mediana edad, de edad maduran midnight medianoche

mightv 1. express possibility podría, podríamosn 2. strength poder, fuerzasn migrant emigrante, extranjeroadj mild suave, leven military los militares, el ejérciton milk lechen milkbar bar lácteo

mindn 1. consciousness mentephrase 2. Keep in mind tener en mentephrase 3. Never mind (don't worry) No importa. No te preocupes.phrase 4. I don't mind No me molesta.phrase 5. Mind the step (be careful) Cuidado con el escalón.

minepron 1. possessive míon 2. underground excavation minan mineral mineraln minister (government) ministroprep minus menos, de menos

minuten 1. unit of time minutoadj 2. very small diminuto/an mirror espejoadj miserable desconsolado/a, deprimentev misplace perder, traspapelar

missn 1. woman's title señoritav 2. long for echar de menos, extrañarv 3. opposite of hit fallar, errar, perderadj missing faltante, perdido, faltar, desaparecern Missus mujer, doñan Mister señor, donn mistake errorv misunderstand entender mal, malinterpretarv mix mezclarn mixture mezclan mobile phone teléfono celular/móvil

modeln 1. representation modelo, maquetan 2. person who shows clothes modeloadj modern moderno/aadj modest modesto/aadj moist húmedo/a

42

moment – naked

n moment momenton money dineron monitor (computer) monitorn month mesn mood (frame of mind) humor, ánimon moon lunaadj moral moraladv more másn morning mañanan mosque mezquitaadj most la mayoría, la mayor parten mother madren motor motorn motor bike moton motor scooter motoneta, scúter

mousen 1. animal ratónn 2. computer part ratónphrase mouse button (computer) botón del ratónn mousepad almohadillan moustache bigoten mouth bocav move movern movement movimienton movie películaabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms Sra.adv much mucho/aadj multicultural multiculturaln multiplication multiplicaciónv multiply multiplicarabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing asesinatov 2. kill unlawfully asesinarn muscle músculon mushroom hongo, setan music músicav must deber, tener quepron my mi, misn mystery misterio

Nn nag rezongón/ona, gruñón/ona

nailn 1. body part uñan 2. metal spike clavoadj naked desnudo/a

43

name – nobody

namen 1. title nombrephrase 2. given name nombre de pilaphrase 3. family name apellidoadj narrow angosto/aadj nasty desagradable, malo/an nation naciónadj nationality nacionalidadadj native natal, nativo/a, autóctono/a

naturen 1. person's character carácter, naturalezan 2. environment naturalezaprep near cerca, próximo/aadv nearby cerca, cercano/aadv nearly casiadj neat prolijo/a, ordenado/aadj necessary necesario/an neck cuellov need necesitarn needle aguja

negativen 1. film negativo/aadj 2. opposite of positive negativo/av neglect desatender, descuidarn neighbour vecino/aadv neither ni, tampocon nerve nervioadj nervous nervioso/an nest nido

netn 1. trap redn 2. sport equipment redabbrev Net *see Internetn netball (game) netballadv never nuncaadj new nuevo/an newspaper diario, periódico

nextadv 1. after this luego, despuésadj 2. following siguiente, próximo/aphrase 3. next door al ladoadj nice amable, bueno/a, bonito/an night nochen nightclub club nocturno, boîten night dress camisón

noint 1. opposite yes nodet 2. not at all nopron nobody nadie

44

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal nocturno/av nod asentir (con la cabeza)n noise ruidoadv noisily ruidosamenteadj noisy ruidoso/apron none ninguno/an noon mediodíapron no-one ninguno/aconj nor tampocoadj normal normaln north norten nose narizn nosebleed hemorragia nasaladv not no

noten 1. money billeten 2. short piece of writing notaphrase 3. take note (be careful) fíjarse, observar, notarphrase 4. take notes tomar notapron nothing nadan notice letrero, avison notice board tablero de anunciosn noun sustantivo, nombren novel novelaadv now ahoraadv nowadays hoy en díaadv nowhere ningún lado, ninguna parteadj nude desnudo/a

numbern 1. numeral númerov 2. count contarphrase 3. a number of un número de, varias/osabbrev 4. no.

n nurse enfermera/onut

n 1. fruit fruto seco (nuez, almendra, etc)colloq 2. mad person chiflado/an nutrition nutrición

Oadj obedient obedientev obey obedecer

objectn 1. thing objeton 2. aim objetivov 3. be against objetarn objection objeciónv obtain obteneradj obvious obvio/a

45

occasion – only

n occasion ocasiónadv occasionally ocasionalmenten occupation ocupaciónn ocean océanoadv o'clock en punto (hora)

oddadj 1. strange raro/a, curioso/aphrase 2. odd number imparprep of deint of course por supuesto, desde luego

offadv 1. away from de, desde, faltaprep 2. opposite on apagado/a (luz, TV, etc.), sincolloq phr 3. Off you go! ¡Andando! ¡Fuera!n offence infracción, delito

offern 1. proposal ofertav 2. present for approval ofrecern office oficinan officer funcionario, oficialadj official oficialadv often a menudoint oh! ¡ah!, ¡ay!

oiln 1. of petroleum petróleov 2. grease aceitarint okay bueno, vale, okey, bien

oldadj 1. opposite new viejo/aadj 2. opposite young viejo/an old age vejezadj old-fashioned anticuado/a

onprep 1. representing location enadj 2. opposite off encendido/a (luz, TV, etc.)phrase 3. on fire en llamas phrase 4. on foot a piephrase 5. on time puntualmentephrase 6. on holidays de vacacionesphrase 7. on the left a la izquierdaphrase 8. on the right a la derechaphrase 9. on top arriba, encima

onceadv 1. one time una vezphrase 2. at once a la vez, inmediatamentephrase 3. once a week una vez por semanaadj one un, unan onion cebolla adv only sólo, solamente

46

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed abierto/aphrase 2. in the open (outside) al aire libre, afueran opening abertura

operatev 1. work funcionar, actuarv 2. carry out surgery operarn operation operaciónn opinion opiniónn opportunity oportunidadv oppose oponersen opposite opuesto, contrario

orangeadj 1. colour anaranjado/an 2. fruit naranjan orchestra orquesta

ordern 1. numerical sequence ordenn 2. direction for a supply pedido, encargov 3. put in sequence ordenarv 4. arrange supply of pedir, encargaradj ordinary normal, común

organn 1. musical instrument órganon 2. body part órganon organisation organizaciónv organise organizarn origin origen pron other otro/aconj otherwise si no, de lo contrariopron our nuestro/a

outadv 1. opposite in fueraprep 2. out of fueraphrase 3. Lights out! ¡Apaguen las luces!phrase 4. made out of hecho dephrase 5. out of bounds zona prohibidaphrase 6. out of date vencido/a, pasado/a de modaphrase 7. out of order no funciona, descompuestophrase 8. out of work sin trabajoadv outside fuera, afueraadj oval (shape) ovalado/a

overadv 1. finished terminarprep 2. pertaining to location sobre, encima dephrase 3. over and over una y otra vezphrase 4. over there alláphrase 5. fall over caerseadj overcrowded abarrotado/a, atestado/a

47

overdo – pass

v overdo exagerar, pasarseadj overdue retraso, vencer (plazo)n overhead projector proyector de transparenciasv overhear oír (por casualidad)adj overnight una noche, de la noche a la mañanaadv overseas exterior, extranjerov oversleep quedarse dormido/av overtake adelantar, pasarv owe deberphrase owing to (due to) debido a

ownv 1. have tener, ser dueño dephrase 2. his own money su propio dineron owner dueño/an oxygen oxígeno

Pv pack empaquetar, empacarphrase pack of cards baraja, mazo de cartasn packet paqueten pad (as note-pad) blocn paddock potreron page páginapt v paid *see payn pain dolorv paint pintarn painting pinturan pair paradj pale pálido/an pan cacerola, sartén, ollan pants pantalónn pantyhose medias (de mujer), pantimediasn paper papeln paragraph párrafoadj parallel paralelo/an parallelogram paralelogramon parent padre (padre y madre)

parkn 1. green space parquev 2. as a car estacionar, aparcarn part parten participle (grammar) participioadj particular particular, concreto/a, determinado/an partner compañero/a, socio/aadj part-time a tiempo parcialn party (gathering) fiesta

passv 1. go by pasarv 2. opposite of fail aprobar, salvar, pasar

48

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over pasarn 4. train pass pase, abonon passage pasaje, corredorn passenger pasajeron passport pasaporte

pastn 1. time gone by pasadophrase 2. walk past pasar (caminando) por, pasar de largophrase 3. half past three tres y mediaphrase 4. past tense pasadon pasta pasta

pasten 1. glue pegamento, colav 2. stick with paste pegarn path sendero, camino

patientn 1. a person under medical paciente

treatment

adj 2. calm under stress pacienten pause pausan paw pata, garra, zarpa

payn 1. earnings paga, salariov 2. provide with money pagarn pea arveja, guisanten peace pazadj peaceful tranquilo/a, pacífico/an pen lapicera, bolígrafon pencil lápizn pencil case estuche (para lápices), cartucheran penguin pingüinon pentagon pentágonon pepper pimientaadv per cent por cienton percentage porcentajeadj perfect perfecto/av perform actuar, desempeñar, rendirn perfume perfumeadv perhaps quizás

periodn 1. school day division horan 2. pertaining to menstruation período, reglan 3. amount of time períodon permission permiso

permitn 1. licence permisov 2. allow permitirn person personav persuade persuadir

49

pet – plate

n pet animal doméstico, mascotan petrol gasolina, nafta, bencinaabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy fotocopia

photographn 1. picture fotografíav 2. take a picture fotografiarn phrase fraseadj physical físico/an pianist pianistan piano piano

pickv 1. choose elegircolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) meterse con (victimizar)colloq phr 3. pick up some English aprender algo de inglésphrase 4. take your pick elige, escogen picnic picnicn picture dibujo, ilustración, cuadron piece pedazo, trozon pile montón, pilan pill píldoran pillow almohadan pilot piloton pin alfilern pineapple ananá, piñan pipe pipa, tubo, cañería

pityn 1. shame lástima, penav 2. feel sorry for tener lástima

placen 1. location lugarv 2. put poner, colocarphrase 3. take place (occur) tener lugarphrase 4. my place (home) mi casa

plainn 1. field llanuraadj 2. ordinary sencillo/a, comúnphrase 3. It's plain (clear) Está claro

plann 1. scheme planv 2. organise planificar, planearabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet planetan plant planta

plasticn 1. resinous substance de plásticoadj 2. mouldable plásticon plate (household item) plato

50

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station andénn 2. for diving plataforma, trampolínn platypus ornitorrinco

playn 1. drama obra de teatrov 2. have fun jugarphrase 3. play a game jugar un juegophrase 4. play a CD poner un CDn playground patio (de recreo)adj pleasant agradableint please por favoradj pleased satisfecho/a, contento/an pleasure placern plenty mucho/a

plugn 1. stopper tapónn 2. electrical enchufephr v 3. plug in enchufar

pluraladj 1. more than one en pluraln 2. grammar form pluralprep plus más

pocketn 1. pouch bolsillon 2. pocket money dinero para gastos personalesn poem poema, poesían poet poetan poetry poesía

pointn 1. sharp end puntan 2. reason razón, sentidon 3. numerical value puntov 4. gesture with finger indicar, apuntarphr v 5. point out señalarphrase 6. point of view punto de vistav poke asomar, atizar (el fuego)n pole poste, mástiln police policía

polishn 1. substance used for shining betún, cerav 2. make glossy lustraradj polite cortés, educado/an politics políticav pollute contaminarn pollution contaminaciónn pool (of water) piscina, charco/a

51

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich pobreadj 2. not very good escaso/a, pobre, insuficientecolloq 3. pitiable pobreabbrev pop *see popularadj popular popularn population población

positionn 1. location posición, ubicaciónn 2. viewpoint on postura

positiveadj 1. opposite negative positivo/aadj 2. sure positivo/av possess poseern possession bien, posesiónadj possible posiblen possum zarigüeya, oposumv post echar al correo, echar al buzónn postage stamp sello de correosn postcard postaln post office oficina de correosn poster afichen pot (container) maceta, ollan potato papa, patatan pot plant planta (en maceta)n pouch bolsan powder polvo

powern 1. strength poderphrase 2. in power (in charge) ocupar el poderadj powerful poderoso/aphrase power point tomacorrienteadj practical práctico/an practice prácticav practise practicar

praisen 1. approval elogiov 2. express approval elogiarv pray rezar, orarn prayer oración/aadj precious valioso/a, precioso/av prefer preferiradj pregnant embarazadan prejudice prejuicio

premiern 1. state government leader primer ministro (estatal)adj 2. leading principaln preparation preparación

52

prepare – progress

v prepare prepararn preposition preposiciónn prescription (doctor's) receta (médica)

presentn 1. gift regalov 2. give out regalaradj 3. opposite absent presentephrase 4. at present (now) actualmenten president presidente

pressn 1. media prensav 2. push apretar, pulsarv pretend fingir, aparentaradj pretty bonito/av prevent impediradj previous previo/an price preciov prick pincharn pride orgulloadj primary primordialn primary school escuela primarian prime minister primer ministro

principaln 1. school head director/aadj 2. leading principaln principle principio

printv 1. of handwriting escribir con letra de imprentav 2. of machine imprimirn printer (computer) impresoran prison prisiónadj private privado/an prize premion probability probabilidadadj probable probableadv probably probablementen problem problemav proceed avanzar, procedern process proceson procession procesión

producen 1. yield productosv 2. make producirn product producton profession profesiónn professor catedrático/a, profesor/an profit gananciasn program programan progress progreso

53

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) trabajopromise

n 1. assurance promesav 2. vow prometern pronoun pronombrev pronounce pronunciarn pronunciation pronunciaciónn proof pruebaadj proper correcto/a, apropiado/aadv properly correctamente, debidamenten property propiedadv protect protegern protection protección

protestn 1. objection protestav 2. object protestaradj proud orgulloso/av prove probar, demostrarv provide proporcionar, suministrarn pub baradj public público/an public school escuela públicaphrase public transport transporte público

pullv 1. tug tirar dephr v 2. pull down (demolish) echar abajophr v 3. pull up (stop) levantar, subircolloq phr 4. pull oneself together calmarsen pump bomba, infladoradj punctual puntualv punish castigarn punishment castigo

pupiln 1. eye part pupilan 2. school student alumno/a, discípulo/aadj pure puro/aadj purple morado/a, púrpura

pushv 1. exert force empujarphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) colarse

putv 1. place poner, colocarphr v 2. put away (pack up) guardarphr v 3. put off (delay) aplazarphr v 4. put on (dress in) ponersephr v 5. put out (as fire) apagarphr v 6. put up with (endure) aguantar, soportarn puzzle rompecabezasn pyjamas pijama

54

pyramid – realise

n pyramid pirámide

Qv qualify (make competent) habilitar, facultaradj quality calidadn quantity cantidadv quarrel pelea, riñan quarter cuarta parte, cuarton queen reinan question preguntan queue colaadj quick rápido/aadv quickly rápidamenteadj quiet silencioso/aadv quietly silenciosamentev quit dejar, abandonaradv quite bastante

Rrace

n 1. competition carreran 2. ethnicity razav 3. compete participar en una carreran racism racismon radio radion radius radion railing reja, verjan railway ferrocarril, vía de ferrocarriln rain lluvian rain coat impermeablev raise levantarpt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range gama, variedadv rank clasificaradj rapid rápido/aadj rare raro, poco comúnn rash (skin eruption) sarpullido, erupciónadv rather (to a certain extent) bastante, un pocoadj raw crudo/a

reachv 1. arrive at llegar aphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) fuera del alcancev react reaccionarn reaction reacciónv read leeradj ready listo/aadj real realv realise darse cuenta de

55

really – republic

adv really realmente, en realidadadj rear parte de atrásn reason razónv receive (get) recibiradj recent recienten recess (morning tea) recreo, descansocolloq reckon (think or suppose) calcular, creer, opinarv recognise reconocerv record anotar, registrar, grabar

recountn 1. story genre narraciónv 2. narrate narrar

recoverv 1. get back recuperarv 2. get better recuperarn rectangle rectánguloadj red rojo/av reduce reducirv refer referir, remitirn referee árbitron refrigerator refrigerador, heladera, neveran refugee refugiado/av refuse rehusar, rechazarn region regiónv regret lamentaradj regular con regularidad, habitualadv regularly regularmenten relation (kin) parienten relationship relaciónn relative pariente, familiarv relax relajarsen religion religiónv remain quedarse, seguir, continuarn remark comentario, observaciónv remember recordarv remind recordarle a, hacerle acordar an reminder recordatoriov remove quitar

rentn 1. payment for accommodation alquiler, arrendamientov 2. hire alquilar, arrendarv repeat repetirv replace reemplazarv reply responder

reportn 1. written account informev 2. give an account informarn reporter periodista, reportero/an republic república

56

request – ring

requestn 1. petition pedido, peticiónv 2. ask for pedir, solicitarv rescue rescatar

reserven 1. park reservav 2. keep aside reservarn resident residenten respect respeto, respecton responsibility responsabilidadadj responsible responsable

restn 1. relaxation descansov 2. relax descansarn 3. remainder reston restaurant restaurante, restoránn rest room baño, servicion result resultado

returnn 1. arrival back regreso, retornov 2. go back to volver, regresar, retornarv 3. give back to devolverphrase 4. return tickets boleto/billete de ida y vuelta

reverseadj 1. opposite forward marcha atrásv 2. go backwards dar macha atrásv revise modificar, repasar

revolutionn 1. full circle revoluciónn 2. war revoluciónn reward recompensan rhythm ritmon ribbon cintan rice arrozadj rich rico/av rid deshacerse de, quitarv ride ir en (bicicleta, bus, etc.), ir a caballo

rightadj 1. opposite wrong bien, correcto/aadj 2. opposite left derechaadv 3. direction derechon 4. just claim derecho, directamentephrase 5. all right (as for health) muy bienphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) bueno, de acuerdo, valephrase 7. right now (immediately) ahora mismon right angle ángulo recto

ringn 1. jewellery anillov 2. as a phone llamar por teléfono

57

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell sonaradj ripe maduro/a

risen 1. ascent subida, ascenciónv 2. get up subir, ascendern risk riesgon river ríon road calle, carreterav roar rugirn robot robotn rock rocan rockpool posan rod varillapt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list listan 2. form of bread pancito, panecillov 3. move by turning over rodarn roof techo, tejadon room habitaciónn root raízn rope cuerda

rosen 1. flower rosapt v 2. *see rise

adj rough áspero/a, rugoso/a, agresteround

adj 1. circular redondo/aphrase 2. round the corner a la vuelta de la esquina

rown 1. arrangement in a line filan 2. fight pelea, riñav 3. as a boat remaradj royal realv rub frotarn rubber goman rubbish basuraadj rude maleducado/a, descortésv ruin arruinar

rulen 1. regulation regla, normav 2. as a line trazar con una reglav 3. govern gobernar, reinarn ruler (school equipment) regla

runv 1. move fast correrphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean el río desemboca en el océanophr v 3. run away from escaparsephr v 4. run out of acabarse, quedarse sin

58

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) atropellarn rung (of a ladder) travesañon runner-up segundo puestophrase runny nose gotear la narizv rush prisa, apuro

Sadj sad tristeadj safe seguro/a, a salvopt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship velav 2. cause movement of ship navegar

using wind

n salad ensaladan salary sueldo, remuneraciónn sale ventan salt saladj same mismo/an sand arenan sandal sandalian sandwich sándwich, emparedado, bocadillopt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction satisfacciónadj satisfactory satisfatorio/aadj satisfied satisfecho/av satisfy satisfacern sauce salsan sausage salchicha

savev 1. rescue salvar, socorrerv 2. keep on computer guardar, almacenarv 3. keep as money ahorrar

sawn 1. tool sierra, serruchopt v 2. *see see

v say decirscale

n 1. covering on animals escaman 2. measuring device balanzaadj scarce escaso/an scarf bufandan scene escenan scenery paisajen school escuelan school shoe zapato escolarn science ciencian scissors tijeras

59

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game resultado, puntajev 2. to get points marcar, obtener (puntos)v scream gritarn screen pantallan screw tornillon sea marn seagull gaviota

searchn 1. the act of searching búsqueda, inspecciónv 2. look for registrar, revisarn season estación (del año)n seat asiento

secondn 1. unit of time segundoadj 2. after first segundo/aadv secondly en segundo lugar

secretn 1. something hidden secretoadj 2. unknown by others secreto/an section secciónv see vern seed semillav seek buscar, tratar de encontraradv seldom rara vezv select seleccionaradj selfish egoístav sell venderv send enviar

sensen 1. one of the five faculties sentidophrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) tener sentidoadj sensible sensato/apt v sent *see sendn sentence oración, sentencia

separateadj 1. disconnected separado/av 2. to keep apart separarn sequence secuencian series serie

seriousadj 1. important serio/a, en serioadj 2. opposite of lighthearted serio/an servant sirvientev serve servirn service servicio

setv 1. to put in a particular place poner, colocarn 2. a group of things juego, conjunto

60

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) salirphr v 4. set out (put in order) colocar, exponerphr v 5. set up (prepare) preparar

settlev 1. to live in colonizar, poblarphr v 2. settle on (agree on) acordar, fijarn settlement acuerdo, pagon settler colonoadj several varios/asv sew cosern sex sexon sexism sexismon shade sombran shadow sombrav shake agitar, sacudirv shall (verbo auxiliar)adj shallow llano/a, poco profundo/an shame vergüenzan shampoo champún shape forma

sharen 1. portion partev 2. divide up compartir, dividiradj sharp filoso/a, afilado/an sharpener sacapuntasv shave afeitar, afeitarsepron she ellan sheep oveja

sheetn 1. of paper hojan 2. of bedding sábanan shelf estante, repisan shell (of sea) concha, caparazónn shelter refugiov shine brilloadj shiny brillante, lustroso/an ship barcon shirt camisan shock choque, impacton shoe zapatov shoot disparar, tirar

shopn 1. place to buy goods tienda, negociov 2. buy goods comprarn shore orilla, costa

shortadj 1. opposite tall bajo/aadj 2. opposite long corto/an short cut atajo, cortada

61

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) shortsshot

n 1. gunfire disparo, balazopt v 2. *see shoot

v should (verbo auxiliar)v shout gritarv shove empujar, meter

showv 1. display mostrarn 2. as on TV programa, showphr v 3. show off (be pretentious) presumir de, jactarse

showern 1. weather condition lluviav 2. wash oneself ducharsen 3. bathroom apparatus duchav shrink encogerv shut cerraradj shy tímido/aadj sick enfermo/an sick bay enfermerían side ladoadv sideways de costadon sight vista

signn 1. information board letrero, cartelv 2. write one's signature firmarn signal señaln signature firman sign language lenguaje por señas, dactilologían silence silencioadj silent silencioso/an silk sedaadj silly tonto/an silver plataadj similar similaradj simple sencillo/a, simplev sing cantaradj single solo/a, soltero/an singlet camisetan singular (grammatical) singular

sinkn 1. tub for washing pileta, lavabo, fregaderov 2. go down hundirsen Sir (respectful form of address) señor, caballero, sirn sister hermanav sit sentarse

skatev 1. glide over the ground patinarn 2. equipment for skating patín

62

skateboard – so

n skateboard skateboard, patinetan skateboarding skate, skateboardingn ski esquín skiing esquíadj skilful hábiln skill habilidad, capacidad, experiencian skin piel

skipv 1. jump brincar, dar saltitosv 2. pass over saltarse, saltearsen skirt falda, polleran sky cielon slang argot, jergav slap dar una bofetada, abofetearn slave esclavov sleep dormiradj sleepy adormilado/a, somnoliento/apt v slept *see sleepn slice rebanadav slide deslizarseadj slim esbelto/a, delgado/an sling cabestrillo, hondav slip resbalar, resbalarsen slipper (type of shoe) zapatilla, pantuflaadj slippery resbaladizo/av slit cortar, hacer un tajon slope cuesta, pendiente

slowadj 1. opposite fast lento/aadj 2. behind time atrasado/aadv slowly lentamenteadj small pequeño/aadj smart (clever) listo/a, inteligentev smash romper, hacer añicos

smelln 1. odour olorv 2. inhale an odour oler

smilen 1. facial expression sonrisav 2. make facial expression sonreir

smoken 1. visible substance from fire humov 2. inhale a substance fumaradj smooth suave, liso/an snack tentempié, refrigerio, comida rápidan snake víbora, serpientev sneeze estornudarn snow nieveconj so (consequently) así que, por lo tanto

63

soap – sphere

n soap jabónn soccer fútboln society sociedadn sock (clothing) calcetín, media

softadj 1. opposite hard blando/aadj 2. opposite loud suave, bajo/aadv softly suavemente, sin hacer ruidopt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. three dimensional figure sólido/an 2. matter that is not liquid or gas sólido

solutionn 1. answer soluciónn 2. mixture (scientific) soluciónv solve resolver, solucionardet some algunos/asn somebody alguienn someone alguienadv sometimes a veces, algunas vecesn son hijon song canciónadv soon pronto

soreadj 1. painful dolorido/an 2. painful spot llaga, úlceraphrase 3. sore throat dolor de gargantaadj sorry sentir, lamentar, disculparse v sort clasificarn soul alman sound sonidon soup sopaadj sour agrio/a, ácido/an south sur

spacen 1. outside earth's atmosphere espacion 2. room espacion spade palaadj spare de más, de repuestov speak hablaradj special especialn speech habla, discurso

speedn 1. rapidity velocidadv 2. go fast ir a velocidadv spell deletrearv spend gastarpt v spent *see spendn sphere esfera

64

spill – starfish

v spill derramarv spin girar, hacer girarn spirit (soul) espírituv spit escupirv splash salpicarv split partir, rajarv spoil estropear, arruinarpt v spoke *see speakn spoon cucharan sport deporten sports oval campo de deportesn sports shoe calzado deportivo

spotn 1. circular pattern lunarn 2. sore granon 3. place lugarv 4. see encontrarv spread extender, difundir

springn 1. season primaverav 2. jump saltar, brincar

spyn 1. person who keeps secret espía

watch on others

v 2. watch espiarsquare

n 1. plane figure cuadradoadj 2. shaped as a square cuadrado/an staffroom sala de profesoresn stage escenarion stair escalera

stampn 1. as for postage sello, estampillav 2. impress a mark on estampar, dejar la improntav 3. strike with foot dar una patada en

standv 1. take upright position ponerse de pie, levantarsephr v 2. stand back apartarsephr v 3. stand for (signify) significarphr v 4. stand up for (defend) defendercolloq phr 5. I can't stand it (I hate it) No lo aguanto.n standard calidad, nivel

starn 1. astral body estrellan 2. famous actor, singer etc. estrellaadj 3. shape estrellan starfish estrella de mar

65

start – stop

startn 1. beginning comienzov 2. begin comenzar

statev 1. say exponer, plantearn 2. political division estadon statement declaración, afirmación

stationn 1. of railway estación (de ferrocarril)n 2. police station comisarían statue estatuav stay quedarse, permaneceradj steady firme, seguro/an steak filete, churrascov steal robarn steam vaporn steel aceroadj steep empinado/a, abrupto/an stem tallo

stepv 1. move using feet pisar, entrar, salirn 2. stair escalónphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) andar con cuidadon stepbrother hermanastron stepfather padrastron stepmother madrastran stepsister hermanastra

stickv 1. fasten pegar, pegarsen 2. piece of wood palo, varaadj sticky pegajoso/aadj stiff duro/a, tieso/a

stilladv 1. without moving quieto/a, en calmaadv 2. yet aúnv sting picar, arder

stinkn 1. bad odour mal olorv 2. smell very bad apestarv stir revolver, remover, agitarpt v stole *see stealn stomach estómagon stomach-ache dolor de estómagon stone piedrapt v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation pausa, paradav 2. halt parar

66

store – suburb

n store tienda, almacénn storey piso, plantan storm tormentan story historia, cuenton stove cocinan stove top hornalla, quemador

straightadj 1. not crooked derecho/aadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) lacio/aphrase 3. straight ahead hacia delante, derechov straighten enderezarv strain forzaradj strange extraño/an stranger extraño/a, desconocido/an strawberry frutilla, fresan stream arroyo, riachuelon street callen strength fuerza

stressv 1. put emphasis on enfatizar, recalcarn 2. tension tensión, estrésadj strict estricto/a

strikev 1. hit pegar, golpearn 2. blow golpephrase 3. on strike (not working) huelgan string cordel, piolínn strip tira, franjav stroke acariciaradj strong (powerful) fuerten struggle luchapt v stuck *see stickn student estudiante, alumno/a

studyn 1. room of house estudiov 2. endeavour to acquire estudiar

knowledge

stuffn 1. material cosasv 2. push meteradj stupid estúpido/an style estilo

subjectn 1. course of study asignatura, materian 2. topic teman substance substanciav subtract restarn subtraction restan suburb barrio, suburbio

67

succeed – survey

v succeed conseguirlo, tener éxiton success éxitov suck chupar, aspiraradj sudden repentino/a, súbito/aadv suddenly de repente, de prontov suffer sufrirn sugar azúcarv suggest sugerirn suggestion sugerencia

suitn 1. clothing trajev 2. be appropriate convenir, venir bien, ir bienadj suitable adecuado/a, apropiado/an sum (total) suman summer veranon sun soln sunburn quemadura de soln sunglasses gafas/lentes/anteojos de soln sunhat sombreroadj sunny soleado/an sunscreen filtro solarn sunshine sol

supplyn 1. provisions suministro, provisiónv 2. provide suministrar, abastecer

supportn 1. assistance ayuda, asistenciav 2. provide assistance mantener, sustentarv suppose (assume) suponeradj sure seguro/a

surfn 1. seaswell oleajev 2. ride a surfboard hacer surfn surface superficien surfboard tabla de surfn surfer surfista

surgeryn 1. doctor's room consultorion 2. operation by doctor cirugían surname apellido

surprisen 1. unexpected event sorpresav 2. catch unprepared sorprenderadj 3. unexpected sorpresa, sorpresivo/av surrender rendirse, entregarsev surround rodear

surveyn 1. poll encuesta, sondeov 2. ask questions of encuestar, hacer un sondeo

68

survival – tame

n survival supervivenciav survive sobrevivirn swagman caminante, errantev swallow tragarpt v swam *see swim

swearv 1. use bad language decir palabrotas, insultar, jurarv 2. take oath of truth jurarv sweep barreradj sweet dulcen sweet corn maíz, choclon sweet potato batata, boniato, camotev swim nadarn swimmer nadador/an swimming nataciónn swimming carnival campeonato de nataciónn swimming costume traje de baño

swingv 1. sway columpiarse, hamacarsen 2. play equipment columpio, hamaca

switchn 1. device for turning on/off llave, interruptorv 2. change cambiar de, intercambiaradj swollen hinchado/aphrase swollen ankle tobillo hinchadon sword espada

Ttable

n 1. furniture mesan 2. list tablan table tennis ping pongn tablet (medication) tabletan tail cola

takev 1. seize tomarv 2. last for (as time) tomar, llevarphr v 3. take away (mathematical) menos, restarphr v 4. take away (remove) llevarsephr v 5. take away (fast food) para llevarphr v 6. take off (as clothing) quitarsephr v 7. take off (as plane) despegarn tale cuento, relato

talkn 1. conversation conversaciónv 2. converse conversaradj tall alto/aadj tame manso/a

69

tan – terrific

tanv 1. sunbake broncearseadj 2. colour bronceado/a, tostado/a, habanon tank tanquen tap (as for water) llave, grifo, canillav tape (record) grabarn task tarea

tastev 1. sample probarphrase 2. the food tastes good la comida sabe bienadj tasty sabroso/apt v taught *see teachn tax impueston taxi taxi

tean 1. beverage tén 2. dinner cenav teach enseñarn teacher maestro/a, profesor/an teacher's aide asistente escolarn team equipo

tearv 1. rip rasgarn 2. liquid from the eye lágrimav tease burlarse, tomar el pelon technology tecnologían teenager adolescente

telephonen 1. device for phoning teléfonov 2. ring llamar por teléfonon telephone booth cabina telefónican telescope telescopio

televisionn 1. receiver for broadcasts televisorabbrev 2. TV

v tell decirn temper carácter, genion temperature temperaturan temple temploadj temporary temporal, temporario/an tennis tenisn tent carpa, tienda

termn 1. a period of time período, trimestren 2. a naming word términoadj terrible espantoso/a, terribleadj terrific tremendo/a, genial

70

test – tie

testn 1. examination examen, pruebav 2. check examinar, probarn text texto

thankv 1. express appreciation agradecerphrase 2. give thanks dar graciasint 3. thank you (polite expression gracias

of gratitude)

thatpron 1. indicator of person or thing ésa, éseconj 2. used as subject of que

relative clause

det the el, la, los, lasn theatre teatropron their su, suspron them los, las, les, ellos, ellasadv then entoncesadv there ahí, allí, alláconj therefore por lo tanton thermometer termómetropron they ellos, ellasadj thick grueso/a, espeso/an thief ladrón/onaadj thin delgado/av think pensarn thong (footwear) ojota, chancleta, sandalia

thoughtn 1. idea pensamientopt v 2. *see think

threadn 1. cotton hilo, hebrav 2. put through eye of needle enhebrarpt v threw *see throwprep through (from one side por, atravesar

to another)

v throw tirar, lanzarn thumb pulgarn thunder truenon thunderstorm tormenta eléctricaadv thus así, de este modov tick (indicate correctness) tildar, marcar (con un visto)n ticket billete, boleton tide mareaadj tidy ordenado/a, prolijo/a

tien 1. clothing corbatav 2. fasten atarn 3. equal place empate

71

tight – town

adj tight ajustado/a, ceñido/av tilt inclinar

timen 1. measurement of duration tiempophrase 2. in time (not late) a tiempophrase 3. on time (at the appointed time) a su hora, en hora, puntualmentephrase 4. at times a vecesphrase 5. a good time un buen rato (divertirse)phrase 6. take your time (don't rush) tómate el tiempo que quieras,

hazlo con calmaphrase 7. What's the time? ¿Qué hora es?phrase 8. two times four (mathematical) dos por cuatron timetable horario

tipn 1. hint consejo prácticon 2. rubbish dump vertedero, basurerov 3. tilt inclinarsen 4. pointed extremity puntaphr v 5. tip over (spill) volcar, caersen tissue pañuelo de papel, tejidon title títuloprep to a, hacian today hoyn toe dedo (del pie)adv together juntos/asn toilet baño, serviciopt v told *see telln tomato tomaten tomorrow mañanan tongue lenguapt v took *see taken tool herramientan tooth diente, muelan toothache dolor de muelas

topn 1. highest point parte superior, parte de arriban 2. clothing blusa, suéter, etc. n topic temapt v tore *see tear

totaln 1. complete amount totalv 2. add up sumar, totalizarv touch tocarn tour gira, visita, recorridov tow remolcarprep towards hacian towel toallan tower torren town pueblo

72

toy – turn

n toy juguetev trace calcar, localizarn track (pathway) pistan tracksuit equipo deportivon tractor tractor

traden 1. exchange of commodities comerciov 2. carry on trade comerciarn traffic tráfico, tránsito

trainn 1. means of transport trenv 2. practise entrenar

trapn 1. device for catching things trampav 2. catch atraparn trapezium trapeciov travel viajarv tread pisarv treat (as a disease) tratarn tree árbolv tremble temblarn triangle triángulophrase triangular prism prisma triangularn tribe tribuv trick trampa, broma, trucov trim recortar

tripn 1. journey viajev 2. fall over tropezaradj tropical tropical

troublen 1. problem problemav 2. cause worry preocupar, inquietarphr 3. in trouble with en problemas conn trousers pantalónn truck camiónadj true verdadn trunk (as of elephant) trompa

tryn 1. attempt intentophrase 2. try hard esforzarse, tratar por todos lo mediosphr v 3. try on (as for clothing) probarsephr v 4. try out for (audition for) presentarse a (una prueba)n T-shirt camisetan tub tina, bañeran tube tubo

turnv 1. move around girar

73

twice – urge

n 2. action following someone turnoelse's

phr v 3. turn into (become) transformar, convertirphr v 4. turn off (switch off) apagar, cerrarphr v 5. turn on encender, abrirphr v 6. turn up (arrive) llegar, apareceradv twice dos vecesv twist retorcer

typen 1. kind tipov 2. use a machine to write escribir a máquinan tyre neumático

Uadj ugly feo/an umbrella paraguas, sombrillan uncle tíoadj unconscious inconscienteprep under debajo dev undergo sufrir, pasar por (cambios)adj underground subterráneo/av underline subrayaradv underneath debajo den underpants calzoncillosv understand entenderpt v understood *see understandn underwear ropa interiorv undo deshaceradj unemployed desempleado/a, desocupado/an uniform uniformen union unión

unitn 1. type of housing apartamenton 2. measurement unidadv unite unirn universe universon university universidadprep until hastaadj unusual poco comúnprep up (to a higher place) subirprep upon (up and on) sobre, encimaadj upper superioradj upright vertical, derecho/a, erguido/aadj upset disgustado/aadj upside-down al revés, cabeza abajoadv upstairs arriba, subirv urge exhortar, instar

74

urgent – wall

adj urgent urgentepron us nos, nosotros/as

usen 1. the act of using usov 2. employ usaradj used (not new) usado/a

Vn vaccination vacunaadj vain vanidoso/a, vano/an valley valleadj valuable valioso/a

valuen 1. worth valorv 2. to hold in high esteem valorarn van (truck) camioneta, furgonetan variety variedadv vary variaradj various diversos/asn vegetable verdura, vegetaln vegetable garden huertan vegetarian vegetariano/an vehicle vehículon verandah galería, terraza, verandan verb verboadv very muyabbrev vet *see veterinariann veterinarian veterinarion video (recording) videon view vistan village pueblo, aldeaadj violent violento/an violin violínv visit visitarn visitor visitan voice vozn volleyball (game) vóleiboln volume volumenv vote voton vowel vocaln voyage viaje, travesía

Wn wage salariov wait esperarv wake despertar, despertarsev walk caminarn walkway pasillo, pasaje, pasadizon wall pared, muro

75

wallaby – Web

n wallaby wallaby, ualabín wallet billeterav wander pasear, deambularv want querern war guerran waratah waratahn wardrobe armario, roperoadj warm (opposite cool) tibio/aadj warm-blooded de sangre calientev warn advertirn warning advertenciapt v was *see be

washv 1. clean with water lavarphr v 2. wash up (of dishes) lavar, fregarn washing machine (clothes) lavarropas

wastev 1. employ uselessly desperdiciarn 2. rejected products desperdicio

watchn 1. timepiece relojv 2. look at mirarphr v 3. watch out (be careful) tener cuidado

watern 1. liquid aguav 2. moisten regarn watermelon sandían wattle tree acacia

waven 1. swell of water olav 2. make a hand signal decir adiós (con la mano)adj wavy ondulado/an wax cera

wayn 1. road caminophrase 2. a long way quedar muy lejosphrase 3. a good way buena formaphrase 4. give way ceder el pasopron we nosotros/asadj weak débiln wealth riquezasadj wealthy adinerado/an weapon arma

wearv 1. erode desgastarv 2. put on (as for clothing) vestirn web (as for spider) telaabbrev Web *see World Wide Web

76

wedding – width

n wedding boda, casamienton week semanav weigh pesarn weight peso

welcomen 1. a kind greeting bienvenido/aint 2. You're welcome! De nada. No hay de qué.

(polite response to thank you)

welln 1. hole in earth pozoadj 2. in good health bienadv 3. in a satisfactory manner bienint 4. Well! (expresses relief, pause) pues, buenoint 5. Well done! ¡Muy bien!pt v went *see gopt v were *see ben west oeste

wetv 1. moisten mojar, humedeceradj 2. opposite dry mojado/apron what (interrogative) quén wheel ruedapron when (interrogative) cuándoconj whenever siempre quepron where (interrogative) dónde

which pron 1. what one of a number cuál, cuáles

(interrogative)

pron 2. relative (refers to something el/la cual, los/las cualespreviously mentioned)

conj while mientrasn whip fusta, látigov whisper susurrar, cuchichear

whistlev 1. make a musical sound silbarn 2. equipment used to make silbato, pito

a sound

adj white blanco/an whiteboard pizarra blanca

whopron 1. interrogative quién, quiénespron 2. relative pronoun quienadj whole entero/aadv why por quéadj wicked malvado/aadj wide ancho/an widow viudan widower viudon width ancho, anchura

77

wild – write

adj wild salvaje, silvestrewill

v 1. auxiliary used in future tense (verbo auxiliar)n 2. declaration of wishes on testamento

one's death

n 3. choice of one's actions voluntadv win ganar

windn 1. movement of air vientov 2. turn in a circular way hacer girarcolloq phr 3. wind up (finish) terminarphr v 4. wind up (as a clock) darle cuerdan windmill molino de vienton window ventanan window sill alféizaradj windy ventoso/an wing alan winter inviernov wipe limpiar, pasar un trapon wire alambreadj wise sensato/a, sabio/an wish deseoprep with conv withdraw (as for money) retirarn witness testigopt v woke *see waken woman mujern wombat wombatpt v won *see winv wonder preguntarse, maravillarsen wood maderan woodwork trabajo de carpinterían wool lanan word palabrapt v wore *see wear

workn 1. labour trabajov 2. carry out labour trabajarv 3. be operational funcionarphr v 4. work out (solve) resolvern world mundon World Wide Web World Wide Web v worry preocuparseadv worse peorn worth valorv wrap envolverv wring escurrir, retorcern wrist muñecav write escribir

78

wrong – zucchini

adj wrong (incorrect) mal, equivocado/apt v wrote *see writeabbrev www *see World Wide Web

Xn x-ray rayos X

Yn yacht yaten yard patiov yawn bostezarn year añoadj yellow amarillo/aint yes sín yesterday ayerpron you tú, ustedadj young jovenpron your (possessive) su, sus

Zn zone zonan zoo zoológicon zucchini calabacín, zapallito

79

Appendix 1

Numerals and Ordinals

Symbol Numeral Ordinal

1 one first

2 two second

3 three third

4 four fourth

5 five fifth

6 six sixth

7 seven seventh

8 eight eighth

9 nine ninth

10 ten tenth

11 eleven eleventh

12 twelve twelfth

13 thirteen thirteenth

14 fourteen fourteenth

15 fifteen fifteenth

16 sixteen sixteenth

17 seventeen seventeenth

18 eighteen eighteenth

19 nineteen nineteenth

20 twenty twentieth

30 thirty thirtieth

40 forty fortieth

50 fifty fiftieth

60 sixty sixtieth

70 seventy seventieth

80 eighty eightieth

90 ninety ninetieth

100 one hundred one hundredth

1000 one thousand one thousandth

10000 ten thousand ten thousandth

100000 one hundred thousand one hundred thousandth

1000000 one million one millionth

80

Appendix 2

Common Countries/States and their Adjectival Forms

Country/State Adjectival Form Country/State Adjectival Form

Afghanistan Afghani Japan Japanese

Argentina Argentinian Korea Korean

Bangladesh Bangladeshi Kosovo Kosovar

Bolivia Bolivian Kurdistan Kurdish

Brazil Brazilian Laos Laotian

Bulgaria Bulgarian Lebanon Lebanese

Cambodia Cambodian Macedonia Macedonian

Chile Chilean Malaysia Malaysian

China Chinese Nigeria Nigerian

Colombia Colombian Pakistan Pakistani

Cook Islands Cook Islanders Peru Peruvian

Croatia Croatian Philippines Filipino

East Timor East Timorese Poland Polish

Ecuador Ecuadorian Portugal Portuguese

Egypt Egyptian Russia Russian

El Salvador El Salvadorian Samoa Samoan

Eritrea Eritrean Serbia Serbian

Ethiopia Ethiopian Somalia Somalian

Fiji Fijian Sudan Sudanese

Ghana Ghanian Syria Syrian

Greece Greek Taiwan Taiwanese

Hungary Hungarian Thailand Thai

India Indian Tonga Tongan

Indonesia Indonesian Turkey Turkish

Iran Iranian Ukraine Ukrainian

Iraq Iraqi Uruguay Uruguayan

Israel Israeli Venezuela Venezuelan

Italy Italian Vietnam Vietnamese

81

Appendix 3

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

awake awoke awokenbe was, were beenbeat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet betbid bid bidbite bit bittenblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtburn burned/burnt burned/burntbuy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

come came comecost cost costcut cut cutdig dug dug

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt

drive drove drivendrink drank drunkeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenforgive forgave forgivenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengive gave givengo went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hiddenhit hit hithold held held

82

Common Irregular Verbs (continued)

Base Form Past Tense Past participle

hurt hurt hurtkeep kept keptknow knew known

lay laid laid

lead led ledlearn learned/learnt learned/learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metpay paid paidput put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risenrun ran runsay said saidsee saw seensell sold sold

send sent sent

show showed showed/shown

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told think thought thoughtthrow threw thrownunderstand understood understood

wake woke wokenwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written

83

Analog time 24 hour time

12.00am 12 o'clock; midnight 00:00 zero zero hundred hours

1.00am 1 o'clock 01:00 zero one hundred hours

2.00am 2 o'clock 02:00 zero two hundred hours

3.00am 3 o'clock 03:00 zero three hundred hours

4.00am 4 o'clock 04:00 zero four hundred hours

5.00am 5 o'clock 05:00 zero five hundred hours

6.00am 6 o'clock 06:00 zero six hundred hours

7.00am 7 o'clock 07:00 zero seven hundred hours

8.00am 8 o'clock 08:00 zero eight hundred hours

9.00am 9 o'clock 09:00 zero nine hundred hours

10.00am 10 o'clock 10:00 ten hundred hours

11.00am 11 o'clock 11:00 eleven hundred hours

12.00pm 12 o'clock; midday; noon 12:00 twelve hundred hours

1.00pm 1 o'clock 13:00 thirteen hundred hours

2.00pm 2 o'clock 14:00 fourteen hundred hours

3.00pm 3 o'clock 15:00 fifteen hundred hours

4.00pm 4 o'clock 16:00 sixteen hundred hours

5.00pm 5 o'clock 17:00 seventeen hundred hours

6.00pm 6 o'clock 18:00 eighteen hundred hours

7.00pm 7 o'clock 19:00 nineteen hundred hours

8.00pm 8 o'clock 20:00 twenty hundred hours

9.00pm 9 o'clock 21:00 twenty one hundred hours

10.00pm 10 o'clock 22:00 twenty two hundred hours

11.00pm 11 o'clock 23:00 twenty three hundred hours

Appendix 4

Times

half past three3.30am or 3.30pm

zero two forty five zero three hundred hours zero three fifteen zero three thirty

84

Examples of quarter and half hours (24 hour time)

quarter to three2.45am or 2.45pm

three o'clock3.00am or 3.00pm

quarter past three3.15am or 3.15pm

Examples of quarter and half hours (analog)

Bibliography

Australian Learners Dictionary, 1997, National Centre for English Language Teachingand Research, Macquarie University, NSW.

Horton, D. (ed.) 1994, The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal TorresStrait Islander History, Society and Culture, vols 1-2, Aboriginal Studies Press,Canberra.

The Macquarie Dictionary, 1997, 3rd edn, Macquarie University, NSW.

My First Macquarie Dictionary, 1987, Jacaranda Press, Sydney.

NSW Department of School Education. 1994, New Arrivals Dictionaries, 16 vols, Disadvantaged Schools Program, Erskineville.

Oxford Elementary Learner's Dictionary, 1994, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press,Oxford.

Weight (mass) Length Volume

1000 milligrams = 1 gram 1000 millimetres = 1 metre 1000 millilitres = 1 litre

1000 grams = 1 kilogram 100 centimetres = 1 metre 1000 litres = 1 cubic metre

1000 kilograms = 1 metric tonne 1000 metres = 1 kilometre

Appendix 6

Weights and measures

Days

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Months

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Units of time

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

24 hours = 1 day

7 days = 1 week

4 weeks = 1 month

12 months = 1 year

4 years = 1 leap year

10 years = 1 decade

100 years = 1 century

1000 years = 1 millenium

85

Appendix 5

Days of the week/Months of the year/Units of time