AKA Organic Chemistry Just the Basics! The chemistry of carbon is important. Carbon atoms can bond...
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AKA Organic Chemistry Just the Basics! Carbon Chemistry
AKA Organic Chemistry Just the Basics! The chemistry of carbon is important. Carbon atoms can bond to one another in chains, rings, and branching networks
The chemistry of carbon is important. Carbon atoms can bond to
one another in chains, rings, and branching networks to form a
variety of structures, including synthetic polymers, oils, and the
large molecules essential to life. C5.8A Draw structural formulas
for up to ten carbon chains of simple hydrocarbons. C5.8B Draw
isomers for simple hydrocarbons. C5.8C Recognize that proteins,
starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers.
Slide 4
Carbon is the basis for organic chemistry, as it occurs in all
living organisms. Carbon is a nonmetal that can bond with itself
and many other chemical elements, forming nearly ten million
compounds.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Elemental carbon can take the form of one of the hardest
substances (diamond) or one of the softest (graphite). Carbon is
made in the interiors of stars, though it was not produced in the
Big Bang.
Slide 7
Carbon compounds have limitless uses. Elemental form Diamond is
a gemstone and used for drilling/cutting; Graphite is used in
pencils, as a lubricant, and to protect against rust Charcoal is
used to remove toxins, tastes, and odors. The isotope Carbon-14 is
used in radiocarbon dating.
Slide 8
Carbon has the highest melting/sublimation point of the
elements. The melting point of diamond is ~3550C Sublimation point
of carbon around 3800C. Pure carbon exists free in nature and has
been known since prehistoric time.
Slide 9
The origin of the name 'carbon' comes from the Latin word
carbo, for charcoal. Pure carbon is considered non-toxic, although
inhalation of fine particles, such as soot, can damage lung tissue.
Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe
(hydrogen, helium, and oxygen are found in higher amounts, by
mass).
Slide 10
Organic compounds are named with a different set of rules than
Inorganic Compounds. Simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons
(only hydrogen and carbon atoms) Alkanes Simplest form of
hydrocarbon because it only has single bonds. Alkenes Contain
double bonds Alkynes Contain triple bonds
Slide 11
First step of naming organic compounds is identifying the
number of carbon atoms Add Prefix Number of carbons 12345678910
Prefix MethEthPropButPentHexHeptOctNonDec
Slide 12
Next, add a suffix to indicate the type of carbon bonds. -ane
means single bonds -ene means double bonds -yne means triple bonds
If it forms a ring, a pre-pre fix (cyclo-) is added.
Slide 13
EXAMPLES Name these: C2H6C2H6 Ethane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Butane
Cyclobutane Nonane These are all examples of ALKANES. Notice: no
double bonding!
Slide 14
EXAMPLE How about this? These are all the same, but drawn
differently. To account for the alkene, we have to identify
location. It is attached to the third carbon, therefore its name:
3-Octene
Slide 15
Definition: A chemical species with the same number and types
of atoms as another chemical species, but possessing different
properties. What does that mean??? Carbons can be arranged in
different ways, even though it has the same formula.
Slide 16
The larger the molecule, the more isomers it can have. Alkane
(Number of Carbon)FormulaNumber of Isomers Propane (3)C3H8C3H8 1
Butane (4)C 4 H 10 2 Pentane (5)C 5 H 12 3 Hexane (6)C 6 H 14 5
Heptane (7)C 7 H 16 9 Octane (8)C 8 H 18 18 Nonane (9)C 9 H 20 35
Decane (10) C 10 H 22 75
Slide 17
The parent compound must have the longest chain of carbon
atoms. The parent chain is numbered to give substituents the lowest
possible numbers. Substituent names are methyl, ethyl, propyl,
butyl, etc. The number showing the point of attachment to the
parent chain precedes the substituent name.
Slide 18
Slide 19
But we dont need to bother with that Lets move on!
Slide 20
Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological
molecules are polymers. Polymer??? Take organic compounds and link
them together and ITS A POLYMER! Living things use these all the
time!
Slide 21
Remember way back when you took biology???
Slide 22
Sugars linked together!
Slide 23
You made it! I think we have this covered! PRACTICE TIME!
Identifying organic compounds worksheet.