Aku Spill Management Revised1

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AKU SPILL

MANAGEMENTPrevention, Assessment,Reporting and Cleanup


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Wards Area Spill Kit

Wards Area Spill Kit

Contents


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COMMON KINDS OF SPILL

CHEMICAL SPILLS: These include all chemicals i.e Cidex, spirit, acids, basesand drugs.

BIOLOGICAL SPILLS:These include blood & body fluids and other potentiallyinfectious materials.

CYTOTOXIC SPILLS: These include cytotoxic drugs. Likelihood: Wards /pharmacies such as D2, C1 and wards near to them.

MERCURY SPILLS:These include spills of mercury from B.P apparatus &thermometers.

SPILL MANAGMENT


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Chemical Spill Response


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Chemical Spill Response

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment likeGloves, Goggles, Vapor Masks, and Respirators etc. Check with pH paper see if it is acidic or basic nature

spill ( if the substance spilled is unknown). If the spill is acidic or basic then apply appropriate

neutralizer to the perimeter of the spill Mixthoroughly until neutralization is complete.

Check the mixture with pH paper to ensureneutralizalization is complete ( for Hypochlorite,

Cidex & Spirit neutralization is not needed, just washwith water).

After neutralization is done, put absorbent materialson the spill, scoop up the material & transfer mixture

into red polyethylene bag and tie shut & send forincineration. Wash and clean the area with water.


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How do hazardous chemicalsaffect the body?

The effect a certain chemical has on thebody depends on several factors:

The physical form of the chemical

How the chemical enters the body

The amount of chemical that actuallyenters the body - the dose

How toxic (poisonous) the chemical is


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How Chemicals Enter the BodyThere Are Three Routes of Entry:

Ingestion swallowing the chemical

Inhalation breathing in the chemical

Absorption the chemical soaks throughthe skin


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How Chemicals Enter the BodyIngestion (Swallowing)

Chemicals that are swallowed areabsorbed in the digestive tract.

Chemicals can rub off dirty handsand contaminate food, drinks ortobacco products.

Chemicals in the air can settle onfood or drink and be swallowed.


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How Chemicals Enter the BodyInhalation (Breathing)

Airborne chemicals are breathed inthrough the mouth or nose.

The size of particles or droplets canaffect where the chemical settles in therespiratory tract.

Where the chemical settles in therespiratory tract determines whatsymptoms or diseases will develop.


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How Chemicals Enter the BodySkin Absorption

Some chemicals can passthrough the skin and be taken

into the bodys systems.

Solvents and pesticides are

examples of compounds thatcan be absorbed through theskin.

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Chemical Toxicity

Chronic Toxicity and Acute ToxicitySome chemicals will only make yousick if you get an acute or high doseall at once. Example - ammonia

Some chemicals are mainly known fortheir chronic or long-term effects.

Example - asbestos

Most chemicals have both acute andchronic effects. Example carbon

monoxide 17


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Chemical Toxicity

Chemical Exposure Limits

Many chemicals have exposurelimits, or allowable amounts of achemical in the air.

These limits are often calledPELs or TLVs.

They are based on 8-hour average

exposure or ceiling or peak levels.

Levels must be kept below theselimits for safety.

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Material Safety Data Sheets


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Material Safety Data Sheets

Identity

name, address, andtelephone number ofthe manufacturer

date MSDS wasprepared

hazardouscomponents &exposure limits

physical andchemicalcharacteristics

physical hazards

health hazards

precautions for safehandling and use

control measures emergency and first-

aid procedures

primary route(s) of

exposure listed as a known or

suspectedcarcinogen


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BIOLOGICAL SPILLS

Put on 3M Face masks due to dissipation of aerosols inair then enter the area.

Use specific decontaminant like Sodium Hypochlorate /Sodium Thio Sulphate [ cyto spills] let it stand for 20

min. Put absorbent materials, collect and Transfer all

contaminated material into a red bag

Wash area with soap / detergent, water and collect withpaper towels and discard in red bag with disposablegloves and send for incineration

Wash hand and the effected person thoroughly, takeshower and change clothes.


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HIGH EFFICIENCY FILTERS

Filter that is at least 99.97%

efficient in removing

monodisperse particles of 0.3

micrometers in diameter.(HEPA filter per NIOSH 30 CFR

11)

Equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84

particulate filters are the N100,R100, and P100 filters.


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RED BINS FOR BIOLOGICAL SPILLNot acceptableMust be rigid, puncture-proof, leak-proof & covered

Labels have to be affixed on all 4 sides of the container.


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CYTOTOXIC DRUGSPILLSSMALL SPILLS:

1 ampoule or less than 100 ml Wear disposable chemotherapy gowns and a double layer of surgical latex

gloves. Use chemical splash goggles if necessary. Clean up liquids with absorbent pads or ether absorbent materials; clean up

solids by washing area twice with detergent solution decontaminant likeSodium Hypochlotate / Sodium Thio Sulphate. Follow with a clean water

rinse. Place all waste items, including any broken glass, used absorbent pads,

gown, gloves and any non-cleanable contaminated items in a punctureresistant chemotherapy waste container.

Wash any contaminated reusable items in a sink with detergent, followed bya clean water rinse. Wear double gloves.

LARGE SPILLS: Greater than 1 ampule or 100 ml Limit spread of spill by covering liquid with absorbent pads spill control

pillows, or other absorbent materials. Cover solids with a damp cloth ortowel. Care must be taken not to create aerosols.

Restrict access to the spill area. Fill incident report:


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Mercury is a Hazardous Material

Mercury (Hg) is ahazardous materialas defined by:

U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency

WisconsinDepartment ofNatural Resources

U.S. Dept. ofTransportation


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Mercury poisoning can result in

severe health problemsaffecting the nervous systemand other organs.

Tremors

Changes in vision or hearing Sleeplessness

Weakness

Difficulty with memory

Headaches

Anger

Shyness and nervousness

Mercury is a Toxic Substance


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Mercury Exposure & Prevention

Routes of exposure

Inhalation

Main hazard

Evaporates releasing

hazardous vapors

Skin absorption

Personal ProtectiveEquipment Required

Nitrile gloves

Safety glasses

Closed-toed shoes

Lab coat


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MERCURY SPILLS Evacuate the spill area, after people leave

make sure that their shoes clothing and otherarticles are not splashed with mercury.

Secure the area & restrict admission.

Lower the temperature, cooler thetemperature, the less mercury vapors that willbe released into the air.

Turn off ventilating / air circulating systemthat could circulate air from the spill area to

other areas


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MERCURY SPILLS Close interior doors, leading to inside areas and

open exterior doors & windows for force ventilationoutside.

Contain the spill, surround or block off mercury tokeep it from spreading onto sloped or porous surface

divert all the mercury from floor drains and cracks orcrevices.

Assemble clean up supplies, Hg absorb powder, or

powdered sulfur, zinc, paper tissues, plasticcontainer with lid, plastic dust pan, plastic sponge,masking tape, syringe.

Gloves, Flashlight, Floor sign, Plastic box, Red Bags.


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Dress appropriately; remove all the jewellery fromhands & wrists so that mercury does not combine

with precious metals (mercury amalgamates withprecious metals).

Pick all the visible droplets, clean up the mercury

beads using plastic squeegee / rubber sponge, indexcard, plastic dust pan, masking tape.

Transfer mercury into unbreakable plastic container

tighten the lid so that vapors do not escape.

Remove dispose off contaminated carpet/ clothesand other articles that come in contact.

MERCURY SPILLS


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MERCURY SPILLS Sprinkle fine powder sulfur / zinc on spill site; bind

any remaining mercury with these powders. Droplets

may also be detected by a sodium sulfide solution;this solution may also be sprayed on an affectedperson (but not the eyes, mucous membranes, orthe mouth). Any mercury present will show up asdark, reddish brown stains.

Put in land fill site do not dispose in trash

Wash hands using sulfur soaps, vinegar or hydrogenperoxide solution and the area with hypochloritesolution.

Continue ventilation of the area for 2 days.


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Documents

Aku Spill Management Revised1