AL Paper 1 & 2 SOWS Route_F_USA & S Africa · Web vie20Who%20Built%20America.pdf. 2 Theme 1: ... Steve Biko and the South African Students’ Organisation (SASO)

PearsonEdexcel AS and A Levelin History

SCHEME OF WORKRoute F: Searching for rights and freedoms in the twentieth century

© Pearson Education Ltd 2014 1

Introduction

Introduction

This document provides a sample scheme of work for Route F: Searching for rights and freedoms in the twentieth century that should be adapted by centres to fit their timetabling and staffing arrangements. It is meant as an example approach only and is not intended to be prescriptive.For the purposes of this scheme of work, it has been assumed that the centre is teaching Paper 1 at the start of the course and then Paper 2. The scheme assumes 32 teaching weeks in each year to allow for time taken by other events. As Paper 3 is worth 30% of the A level (60% of AS) it has been allocated proportionally more of the teaching time, running from week 1 to halfway through week 19. Paper 2 – 20% of A level (40% of AS) – runs from week 19 to week 32. The separate Course planner document provides a range of examples of delivery options that can be used for planning alongside this document.

Paper 1 In search of the American Dream: the USA, 1917–96Two possible approaches to delivering Paper 1 are given below. The first approach is thematic (page 3) and follows the order in which the content is set out in the specification. The second approach (page 12) has the content arranged mainly chronologically, with time at the end to revisit and consolidate the themes.

Paper 2The schemes of work for the two Paper 2 options in this route then follow, so that centres can select the one they have chosen. 2F.1: India c1914–48: the road to independence: page 202F.2: South Africa, 1948–94: from apartheid state to ‘rainbow nation’: page 26

Suggested resourcesThe resources column suggests existing resources for these topics. A fuller list of resources is provided in the separate Route F topic booklet. As new resources for this specification are published, this scheme of work will be updated.

© Pearson Education Ltd 20142

Paper 1: In search of the American Dream: the USA, 1917–96: Chronological approach

Paper 1: In search of the American Dream: the USA, 1917–96: Thematic approach

This approach works through the specification content theme by theme. The chronology is to some extent reinforced and repeated through the succeeding themes.

Week Paper/theme Content Suggested resources1 Introductions Introduction to the course.

Introduction to Paper 1 and Paper 2: reasons for studying those two topics.Background/context to thematic link and background to Paper 1 topic.

Route overview and Paper 1 topic overview in Route F topic booklet. David Mauk and John Oakland, American Civilization Sixth Edition (Routledge, 2014). Chapter 1.Peter Clements, Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal Third Edition (Hodder Education, 2005). Chapter 1.Selected background reading from: Hugh Brogan, The Penguin History of the United States of America (Penguin, 2001)‘The Men who built America’: www.history.com/images/media/pdf/Men%20Who%20Built%20America.pdf


http://www.history.com/images/media/pdf/Men%20Who%20Built%20America.pdf



2 Theme 1: the changing political environment, 1917–80

A changing presidency: the rise and decline of Republicanism to 1933 the influence of Roosevelt.

Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 1.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapters 5 and 6.Peter Clements, Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal Third Edition (Hodder Education, 2005. Chapters 2, 3, 5 and 6.VIDEO CLIPS: People’s Century episode 7 Breadline, BBC (1995). American Experience: FDR PBS (1994) The March of the Bonus Army PBS (2006) FDR: A Presidency Revealed PBS (2005)

3 Theme 1 A changing presidency: changing styles of presidential leadership,

1945–72 a decline in confidence, 1968–80.

Influences on the political landscape: from rugged individualism to New Deal ideas in

the 1920s and 1930s.

Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 8.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapters 11 and 12.

Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 7.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 6.Peter Clements, Prosperity Depression and the New Deal Third Edition (Hodder Education, 2005). Chapters 6 and 7.VIDEO: The Great Depression: Episode 1 A Job at Ford’s PBS (1993).



4 Theme 1

Influences on the political landscape: the Red Scares and anti-communism, 1917–80 liberalism, counter-culture and the

conservative reaction, c1960–80.The impact of war on domestic politics:

the reasons for a return to ‘normalcy’ and a commitment to isolationism, 1917–41.

Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 5.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 5.Peter Clements, Prosperity Depression and the New Deal Third Edition (Hodder Education, 2005). Chapters 2 and 3.FILM: The Woman on Pier 13 (1950).VIDEO: People’s Century episode 21 New Release, BBC (1995).



5 Theme 1

Theme 2: The quest for civil rights, 1917–80

The impact of war on domestic politics (cont.): US emergence as a Cold War superpower from

1941 the impact of involvement in Korea and

Vietnam.

Black American civil rights, c1917–55: life in the South and the impact of northern

migration, 1917–32.

Robert J McMahon, The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2003). Chapter 2.James T Patterson, Grand Expectations, the United States 1945–1974 (Oxford University Press, 1996). Chapters 8, 13 and 20.

Simon Hall, Peace and Freedom: The Civil Rights and Antiwar Movements in 1960s (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006). Introduction.VIDEO: People’s Century episode 12 Brave New World, BBC (1995). Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2000). 1.1.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 5.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 10.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapter 2.David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS 3 and 4.VIDEO: People’s Century episode 21 New Release, BBC (1995).



6 Theme 2

Black American civil rights, c1945–55 (cont.): the impact of the New Deal, the Second World

War and the Truman presidency from legal challenge to direct action, 1917–55.

Black American civil rights, c1955–1980: changing patterns and approaches, 1955–68,

including southern-based campaigning.

Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and

Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009). Section 1.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapter 3.David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS Chapter 6.William T Martin Riches, The Civil Rights Movement, Struggle and Resistance (Palgrave Macmillan, third edition, 2010).VIDEO: Eyes on the Prize Seasons 1 and 2.



7 Theme 2 Black American civil rights, c1955–80: changing patterns and approaches, 1955–68,

including the emergence of Black Power and King’s northern strategy

the impact of civil rights legislation: achievements and limits to success, 1955–80.

Hugh Brogan, The Penguin History of the United States of America (Penguin, 2001). Pages 634–65. Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 5.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009. Sections 2 and 3.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapters 3, 4 and 5.David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS chapters 7–12.PBS web documentaries: www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/civil-rights-movement/#.U7aU8k1fdD8FILM: The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975 (2011).VIDEO: Eyes on the Prize Seasons 1 and 2.

8 Theme 2 The search for minority rights, 1960–80: the reasons for, and nature of, Native American

and Hispanic American campaigns the emergence of the gay rights movement achievements, and limits to success, of

minority campaigns.

David Mauk and John Oakland, American Civilization Sixth Edition (Routledge, 2014). Chapter 4.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009). Section 4.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapter 7, pages 156–162.


http://www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/civil-rights-movement/#.U7aU8k1fdD8

http://www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/civil-rights-movement/#.U7aU8k1fdD8


9 Theme 3: Society and culture in change, 1917–80 The changing position of women, 1917–80:

impact of the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression and New Deal on women

impact of the Second World War and suburban life, 1941–60

emergence of the women’s liberation movement, its achievements and limits to advancement, 1961–80.

Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995) pages 584–56.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009). 4.18.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). A2 Chapter 5.FILM: It (1927) starring Clara Bow.FILM: The Wild Party (1929) starring Clara Bow.

10 Theme 3 The impact of immigration, 1917–80: the nature of, and response to, immigration in

the 1920s impact on urban life, 1919–41 the impact of the Second World War,

government policy and its consequences, 1941–80.

Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995) pages 573–81.James T Patterson, Grand Expectations, the United States 1945–1974 (Oxford University Press, 1996). Chapters 11, 12, 19.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 5.

11 Theme 3 The impact of immigration, 1917–80 (cont.)The influence of popular culture and the news media:

the social impact of cinema, popular music and radio, 1917–45.

Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995) pages 439–51.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson 2009) Section 4.17.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 4 and 5.



12 Theme 3 Theme 4: The changing quality of life, 1917–80

The influence of popular culture and the news media (cont.):

the social impact of television from the 1950s the influence of broadcast news, 1920–80.

The economic environment: boom, bust and recovery, 1917–41.

David E Kyvig, Daily life in the United States, 1920–1939 (Greenwood, 2002). Chapters 4 and 5.Stephen J Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War (1996) Chapter 7.Eric Rauchway, The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2008). Chapter 3.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 4 and 7.FILM: The Crowd (1928)

13 Theme 4 The economic environment (cont.): the impact of the Second World War post-war affluence and growth, 1941–69 the challenges of the 1970s.

James T Patterson, Grand Expectations, the United States 1945–1974 (Oxford University Press, 1996). Chapters 11–12.David E Kyvig, Daily life in the United States, 1920–1939 (Greenwood, 2002). Chapters 6 and 7.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45 (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 3, 7 and A2 Chapter 7.Eric Rauchway, The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2008). Chapter 3.FILM: The Roaring Twenties (1939)

14 Theme 4 Changing living standards: fluctuations in the standard of living, 1917–41 the impact of the Second World War and the

growth of the consumer society, 1941–60 the impact of anti-poverty policies and

economic divisions, 1961–80.



15 Theme 4

Leisure and travel: the reasons for, and the impact of, increased

leisure time, 1917–80 the growth of spectator sports the development, and influence, of a car-

owning culture and improved air travel.

Harvey Green, The Uncertainty of Everyday Life 1915–1945 (University of Arkansas Press, 1992). Chapter 6.Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States (Penguin, 1997). Chapter 9 and Afterword.Beth Bailey and David Farber, America in the Seventies (University Press of Kansas, 2004). Chapter 9.Richard O Davies, Sports in American Life: A History (Wiley, 2011). Preface.FILM: The Crowd (1928)

16 Historical interpretations: what impact did the Reagan presidency (1981–89) have on the USA in the years 1981–86?

The effect of Reagan’s economic policies. Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 29.David Reynolds, American, Empire of Liberty: A New History (Penguin, 2009). Chapter 17.Lewis L Gould, The Modern American Presidency (University Press of Kansas, 2003), Chapter 9.Sean Wilentz, The Age of Reagan A History, 1974–2008 (Harper Collins, 2008). Chapter 7.W Elliot Brownlee and Hugh Davis Graham, The Reagan Presidency (University Press of Kansas, 2003). Part I and III.John Ehrman and Michael W. Flamm, Debating the Reagan Presidency (Rowman and Littlefield, 2009).Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 12.

17 Historical interpretations

The extent to which ‘big government’ was reduced.


The nature and extent of the social change.

19[half] Historical interpretations

The extent to which the presidency and US politics were revitalised.




This approach allows you to cover the chronological focus of the Paper and then drawing ideas together in four discrete theme weeks afterwards.

Week Period/dates Content Suggested resources1 Introductions Introduction to the course.

Introduction to Paper 1 and Paper 2 – reasons for studying those two topicsBackground/context to thematic link and background to Paper 1 topic

Route overview and Paper 1 topic overview from Route F topic booklet.Selected background reading from:Hugh Brogan, The Penguin History of the United States of America (Penguin, 2001).David Mauk and John Oakland, American Civilization (Routledge, sixth edition, 2014). Chapter 1.Peter Clements, Prosperity Depression and the New Deal (Hodder Education, third edition, 2005). Chapter 1.

‘The Men who built America’: www.history.com/images/media/pdf/Men%20Who%20Built%20America.pdf





2 1917–1941

The rise and decline of Republicanism to 1933 (1)The nature of, and response to, immigration in the 1920s (3)The influence of Roosevelt (1)The reasons for a return to ‘normalcy’ and a commitment to isolationism, 1917–41 (1)

Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapter 1.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapters 5 and 6.Peter Clements, Prosperity Depression and the New Deal (Hodder Education, third edition, 2005). Chapters 2 and 3.Maldwyn A. Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 22.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 2 and 8.

VIDEO CLIPS:People’s Century episode 7 Breadline, BBC (1995)American Experience: FDR PBS (1994)The March of the Bonus Army PBS (2006)FDR: A Presidency Revealed PBS (2005)



3 1917–1941 Life in the South and the impact of northern migration, 1917–32 (2)Fluctuations in the standard of living, 1917–41 (4)The social impact of cinema, popular music and radio, 1917–45 (3)The influence of broadcast news, 1920–80Black American civil rights: from legal challenge to direct action, 1917–55 (2)

Harvey Green, The Uncertainty of Everyday Life 1915–1945 (University of Arkansas Press, 1992). Chapter 6.David Reynolds, American, Empire of Liberty: A New History (Penguin, 2009) pages 321–334.David E Kyvig, Daily life in the United States, 1920–1939 (Greenwood, 2002). Chapters 4 and 5.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 4 and 5.Peter Clements, Prosperity Depression and the New Deal (Hodder Education, 2005). Chapter 2.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2006). Section 1.FILM: The Crowd (1928)

4 1917–1941 Impact of the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression and New Deal on women (3)From rugged individualism to New Deal ideas in the 1920s and 1930s (1)Boom, bust and recovery, 1917–41 (4)The impact of the New Deal, Second World War and the Truman presidency

Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 23.David E Kyvig, Daily life in the United States, 1920–1939 (Greenwood, 2002). Chapters 10 and 11.Eric Rauchway, The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2008). Chapter 3.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). A2 Chapter 5.VIDEO: People’s Century episode 7 Breadline, BBC (1995). VIDEO: The Great Depression: Episode 1 A Job at Ford’s PBS (1993).FILM: It (1927) starring Clara BowFILM: The Wild Party (1929) starring Clara Bow



5 1917–411941–1968

Impact on urban life, 1919–41Changing styles of presidential leadership, 1945–72 (1)US emergence as a Cold War superpower from 1941 (1)Impact of the Second World War and suburban life, 1941–60 (3)The social impact of television from the 1950s

Robert J McMahon, The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2003) Chapter 2.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapters 11 and 12.

6 1941–1968 Post-war affluence and growth, 1941–69 (4)The impact of the Second World War and the growth of a consumer society, 1941–60 (4)Changing patterns and approaches, 1955–68, including Southern-based campaigning

James T Patterson, Grand Expectations, the United States 1945–1974 (Oxford University Press, 1996). Chapters 11–12.Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). AS Chapters 3, 7 and A2 Chapter 7.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 10.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968, (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapter 2.David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS Chapters 7–10.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009). Section 2.

VIDEO: People’s Century episode 21 New Release, BBC (1995). VIDEO: Eyes on the Prize Seasons 1 and 2.



7 1941–68 The emergence of Black Power (2)King’s northern strategy (2)The impact of the Second World War, government policy and its consequences, 1941–80 (3)The Red Scares and anti-communism, 1917–80 (1)

Hugh Brogan, The Penguin History of the United States of America (Penguin, 2001). Pages 634–665. Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapter 5.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapters 3, 4 and 5.David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS Chapter 11.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (2006). Section 3.William T Martin Riches, The Civil Rights Movement, Struggle and Resistance Third Edition (2010) Chapters 4 and 5.VIDEO: Eyes on the Prize Seasons 1 and 2.

8 1941–681968–80

The impact of involvement in Korea and Vietnam (1)The impact of civil rights legislation: achievements and limits to success, 1955–80 (2)The search for minority rights, 1960–80:

the reasons for, and nature of, Native American and hispanic American campaigns

the emergence of the gay rights movement.

Robert J McMahon, The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction (2003). Chapter 3.David Mauk and John Oakland, American Civilization (Routledge, sixth edition, 2014). Chapter 4.Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009) Section 4.VIDEO: People’s Century episode 12 Brave New World, BBC (1995). Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008). Chapter 7 pages 156–162. David Paterson, Doug and Susan Willoughby, Civil Rights in the USA 1863–1980 (Heinemann, 2001). AS Chapter 12.

9 1968–1980 Achievements, and limits to success, of minority campaigns (2)Liberalism, counter-culture and the conservative reaction, c1960–80 (1)Emergence of the women’s liberation movement, its achievements and limits to advancement, 1961–80 (3)



10 1968–1980

A decline in confidence, 1968–80 (1)The challenges of the 1970s (4) The impact of anti-poverty policies and economic divisions, 1961–80 (4)

Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 27.Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001). Chapters 11–12.

11 1968–1980 Leisure and travel: the reasons for, and the impact of, increased leisure

time, 1917–80 the growth of spectator sports the development, and influence, of a car-owning

culture and improved air travel. (4)

Beth Bailey and David Farber, America in the Seventies (2004). Chapter 9.Richard O Davies, Sports in American Life: A History (Wiley, 2011). Preface.Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 28.FILM: The Crowd (1928)

12 Theme 1 Draw out issues relating to the changing political environment, 1917–80, including changing presidency, influences on the political landscape, the impact of war on domestic policies.

Lewis L Gould, The Modern American Presidency (University Press of Kansas, 2003).Michael E Parrish, Anxious Decades America in Prosperity and Depression 1920–1941 (Norton twentieth century America series, W W Norton, 1994). Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000). Derrick Murphy, Kathryn Cooper and Mark Waldron, The United States 1776–1992 (Collins, 2001).Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000).



13 Theme 2 Draw out issues relating to the quest for civil rights, 1917–80, including Black American civil rights, c1917–55 and c1955–80, and the search for minority rights.

Kevern Verney, Black Civil Rights in America (Routledge, 2000). Gary Gerstle, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century (Princeton University Press, 2002). Chapters 4, 5 and 6.Vivienne Sanders, Civil Rights in the USA, 1945–1968 (Hodder Education, 2008).Robin Bunce and Laura Gallagher, Pursuing Life and Liberty in the USA 1945–1968 (Pearson, 2009).

VIDEO: Eyes on the Prize Seasons 1 and 2.

14 Theme 3 Draw out issues relating to society and culture in change, 1917–80, including the changing position of women, the impact of immigration and the influence of popular culture and news media.

Douglas Field, American Cold War Culture (Edinburgh University Press, 2005). Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Michael E Parrish, Anxious Decades: America in Prosperity and Depression 1920–1941 (Norton twentieth century America series, W W Norton 1994). David Mauk and John Oakland, American Civilization (Routledge, sixth edition, 2014).Doug and Susan Willoughby, The USA 1917–45, (Heinemann, 2000).

15 Theme 4 Draw out issues relating to the changing quality of life, 1917–80, including the economic environment, changing living standards and leisure and travel.


The effect of Reagan’s economic policies Maldwyn A Jones, The Limits of Liberty (Oxford University Press, 1995). Chapter 29.David Reynolds, American, Empire of Liberty (Penguin, 2009). Chapter 17.Lewis L Gould, The Modern American Presidency (University Press of Kansas, 2003). Chapter 9.


The extent to which ‘big government’ was reduced


The nature and extent of the social change



19 [half]

Historical interpretations


Paper 2, 2F.1: India c1914–48: the road to independence


The scheme of work for India is approached in a broadly chronological manner.Week Content Suggested resources19 [half] Introduction Introduction to topic and background context.

e.g. The creation of the Raj; Victoria as Empress of India; the creation of nationalist organisations – the INC and the Muslim League.

Rees, Leadbeater and Copland can be used for all topics in this scheme of work and will not be referenced separately:Ian Copland, India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire (Routledge, 2001).Tim Leadbeater, Britain and India 1845–1947 (Hodder, 2008).Rosemary Rees, Britain and the Nationalist Challenge in India 1900–47 (Pearson, 2010)

Charles Allen, Plain Tales From The Raj: Images of British India in the 20th Century (Abacus, 2000).India in 1914, Historical Association‘Case study: British rule in India’ – National Archives websiteThe Empire in ColourThe Thirties in Colour



20 Topic 1:The First World War and its impact on British India, 1914–20 India in 1914:

Indian society and religion The importance of India to Britain British and Indian attitudes towards each other.Suggested activity: use of sources to establish the nature of British and Indian attitudes towards each other

India and the First World War: response to the outbreak of war Indian military and economic contribution economic in India and its consequences for British rule.

Charles Allen, Plain Tales From The Raj: Images of British India in the 20th Century (Abacus, 2000).‘India’s Wildest Dream’, History Today.

21 Topic 1 The growth of nationalism: The Indian National Congress and emergence of Gandhi the Lucknow Pact and role of Jinnah Home Rule Leagues. Effects of war on British rule: The Montagu Declaration The Rowlatt Acts.

FILM: Gandhi (1982)

22 Topic 1 Effects of war on British rule (cont.): The Montagu-Chelmsford Report and the Government of India Act The Amritsar massacre and political aftermath.Suggested activity: use of sources regarding Amritsar and the Hunter Committee

FILM: Gandhi (1982)



23 Topic 2:Changing political relationships,1920–30

Gandhi and civil disobedience, 1920–22: Gandhi’s aims and beliefs the non-cooperation campaign of 1920–22 significance of his imprisonment Congress reorganised, 1922–30: the ‘young hooligans’ Suggested activity: use of sources to establish Gandhi’s views

‘Gandhi, non-violence and Indian independence’, History Review, volume 11. FILM: Gandhi (1982)

24 Topic 2 British response: reasons for and reception of the Simon Commission the Labour government and the significance of the Irwin

Declaration.Congress reorganised, 1922–30 (cont.) The Nehru Report The Lahore Congress and purna swaraj The salt satyagraha and consequences of civil disobedience.

FILM: Gandhi (1982)



25 Topic 2

The Muslim league: Jinnah’s beliefs and aims The breakdown of relations with Congress The Khilafat movement re-emergence of Muslim values the concept of separateness breakdown of relations with Congress Jinnah’s beliefs and aims; the significance of failed attempts to reunite with Congress. Suggested activity: essay with focus on change and continuity in the 1920s

26 Topic 3:Consultation and confrontation, 1930–42

Failure of the Round Table Conferences, 1930–32: The First, Second and Third Conference.Suggested activity: sources to examine the reasons for failure of the Round Table ConferencesPolitical developments, 1932–35: The Communal Award and Gandhi’s response The Yeravda Pact.

Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference – British Pathe News FILM: Gandhi (1982)



27 Topic 3 Government of India Act and its impact, 1935–39: partial implementation nationalist response outcome of the 1937 elections rejuvenation of the Muslim League divisions within Congress attitudes towards the British Raj. Suggested activity: essay on how close India was to independence at this time

‘Case study 3: the end of British rule in India’ National Archives

28 Topic 3 Reaction to the outbreak of the Second World War: the Lahore Resolution nationalist reaction to the August Offer Bose and the Axis Powers.Suggested activity: change and continuity in British policy towards independence

India and the British war effort 1939–45, Historical AssociationCase study: the Road to Partition 1939–47 – National Archives

29 Topic 4:The road to independence, 1942–48

Impact of the Second World War on Indian politics: threat of invasion The Cripps Mission The ‘Quit India Campaign’ and its repercussions Wavell’s appointment as Viceroy the Bengal Famine the failure of the Simla Conference 1945.

Sir Stafford Cripps in India – British Pathe News FILM: Gandhi (1982)



30 Topic 4

The changing relationship between Britain and India, 1942–45: impact of war on British rule and Indian nationalism the Labour government’s Indian policy Attempts at political settlement, 1945–46:the impact of Indian

elections failure of the Cabinet Mission Direct Action Suggested activity: essay examining the reasons for Britain’s decision to grant independence

Alex von Tunzelmann, Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire (Pocket Books, 2008).Stanley Wolpert, Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India (Oxford University Press, 2009).

31 Topic 4 Withdrawal, partition and independence, 1947–48: Mountbatten and the decision to withdraw reasons for partition and the nationalist response The Boundary Commission British withdrawal and communal violenceSuggested activity: sources considering the reasons for partition

The Day India Burned, BBC2Last Days of the Raj, Channel 4The Empire in Colour, ITV

32 Review and consolidation


Paper 2, 2F.2: South Africa, 1948–94: from apartheid state to ‘rainbow nation’


The scheme of work for South Africa is approached in a broadly chronological manner.Week Content Suggested resources19 [half] Introduction

Topic 1: The response to apartheid, c1948–59

Introduction to topic and background context

Life in South Africa c1948: ● race, segregation and discrimination● urbanisation and industrialisation, including township life ● rural society.

Route F topic booklet.Nancy L Clark, South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid (Seminar Studies in History, Routledge 2011). Chapter 3.W Beinart, Twentieth Century South Africa (Oxford University press, 2001).

20 Topic 1 Life in South Africa c1948 (cont.):● Afrikaner culture and politics● the influence of Britain. Reasons for the National Party victory 1948, including the impact of the Second World War, the growth of Afrikaner nationalism, and international pressures for change.

James Barber, South Africa in the Twentieth Century (Blackwell, 1999). Part III.W Beinart, Twentieth Century South Africa (Oxford University Press, 2001) Chapter 6.



T Davenport and C Saunders, South Africa: A Modern History (Macmillan, 2000). Chapters 13 and 14.Saul Dubow, Apartheid, 1948–1994 (Oxford University Press, 2014). Chapters 1 and 2.Robert Ross, A Concise History of South Africa (Cambridge Concise Histories, Cambridge University Press, 2009). Chapter 5.Leonard Thompson & Lynn Berat, A History of South Africa (Yale University Press, 2014) Chapter 6.

21 Topic 1

Codifying and implementing apartheid, 1948–59:● strengthening the National Party● apartheid laws● pass laws and education● the Tomlinson Report and Bantustans● political suppression and the Treason Trial.

Suggested activity: source exercise on apartheid and education

22 Topic 1 African nationalism, 1948–59:● political opposition in 1948● the revival of the African National Congress (ANC)● the Youth League and the Defiance Campaign● rural resistance● the Freedom Charter● the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC).



23 Topic 2:Radicalisation of resistance and the consolidation of National Party power, 1960–68

Resistance to apartheid and government reaction, 1960–61:● peaceful protest● the Sharpeville Massacre and its significance● the banning of political parties and the state of emergency.

Suggested activity: source exercise on Sharpeville

Creating a republic, 1960–61: ● Verwoerd’s aims● the significance of Macmillan’s ‘wind of change’ speech● a republic established, 1960–61● leaving the Commonwealth.

James Barber, South Africa in the Twentieth Century (Blackwell, 1999). Part IV.T Davenport & C Saunders, South Africa: A Modern History (Macmillan, 2000). Chapter 15.Saul Dubow, Apartheid, 1948–1994 (Oxford University Press, 2014). Chapter 3.

Gary Baines, ‘South Africa: Remembering Sharpeville’ History Today (2010).

24 Topic 2 African nationalist radicalisation, 1961–68: ● moves to armed struggle● the ANC and Umkhonto we Sizwe● the PAC and Poqo● the Rivonia Trial and significance for Nelson Mandela● the impact of exile and imprisonment on the ANC and PAC.

25 Topic 2 Strengthening ‘separate development’, 1961–68: ● economic recovery, including international investment● developing the Bantustans● diplomatic ties● Vorster’s use of police powers and defence forces.



26 Topic 3:Redefining resistance and challenges to National Party power, 1968–83 Black Consciousness and the Soweto uprising:

● Steve Biko and the South African Students’ Organisation (SASO)● the mobilisation of school children● the Soweto Uprising, its significance and suppression● the impact of the death of Steve Biko 1977.

T Davenport & C Saunders, South Africa: A Modern History (Macmillan, 2000). Chapter 16.Leonard Thompson & Lynn Berat, A History of South Africa (Yale University Press, 2014). Chapter 7.FILM: Cry Freedom (1987)27 Topic 3 The ANC re-strengthened:

● decline in the early 70s● internal reorganisation and external legitimacy● the role of Oliver Tambo● the global anti-apartheid movement.

28 Topic 3 Domestic challenges to National Party power, 1974–83, including political unrest, problems in the Bantustans, National Party division and scandal, economic pressures and the cost of defence commitments.

29 Topic 3 External pressures on National Party power, 1974–83, including political change in southern Africa international condemnation and calls for economic sanctions, cultural and sporting boycotts.

Suggested activity: source exercise on sporting boycotts



30 Topic 4The end of apartheid and the creation of the ‘rainbow nation’, 1984–94

Revolt in the townships, 1984–87: ● the United Democratic Front and grassroots organisation● protest strategies● communal and government violence● government suppression.

Reasons for Botha’s decision to negotiate, 1985–89, including the failure of Botha’s ‘total strategy’, economic problems and the impact of international isolation, the effect of the state of emergency.

T Davenport & C Saunders, South Africa: A Modern History (Macmillan, 2000). Chapter 17.Leonard Thompson & Lynn Berat, A History of South Africa (Yale University Press, 2014). Chapter 8.FILM: Long Walk to Freedom (2013).

31 Topic 4 Negotiation and compromise, 1989–91:● de Klerk’s new course● the significance of Mandela’s release● the unbanning of political parties● the impact of unrest and violence● the dismantling of apartheid● CODESA 1991.

Suggested activity: source exercise on de Klerk

32 Topic 4 A new political settlement, 1992–94: ● CODESA negotiations● nationalist divisions and communal violence● constitutional agreement and elections● the Government of National Unity● international recognition.




Documents

AL Paper 1 & 2 SOWS Route_F_USA & S Africa · Web vie20Who%20Built%20America.pdf. 2 Theme 1: ... Steve Biko and the South African Students’ Organisation (SASO)