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Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,AMERICAN HISTORY 13/eAMERICAN HISTORY 13/e
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismOrdeal of Liberalism
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal StateExpanding the Liberal State– John KennedyJohn Kennedy
Election of 1960Election of 1960 Kennedy vs. NixonKennedy vs. Nixon Catholic FactorCatholic Factor Kennedy AssassinatedKennedy Assassinated Lee Harvey OswaldLee Harvey Oswald Warren CommissionWarren Commission Jack RubyJack Ruby
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John F. Kennedy
Vice-President Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
3
The Election of 1960
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal StateExpanding the Liberal State– Lyndon JohnsonLyndon Johnson
The “Great Society”The “Great Society” War on PovertyWar on Poverty
Lyndon Johnson (Library of Congress)
4
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal StateExpanding the Liberal State
– The Assault on PovertyThe Assault on Poverty Medicare and MedicaidMedicare and Medicaid Community Action ProgramCommunity Action Program
– Cities, Schools, and ImmigrationCities, Schools, and Immigration Housing and Urban DevelopmentHousing and Urban Development Immigration Act of 1965Immigration Act of 1965 Preference of N. Europeans EndedPreference of N. Europeans Ended
.
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Expanding the Liberal StateExpanding the Liberal State– Legacies of the Great SocietyLegacies of the Great Society
Failures and Achievements of the Great SocietyFailures and Achievements of the Great Society Greatest Reduction in Poverty in U.S. HistoryGreatest Reduction in Poverty in U.S. History
The Johnson Treatment 6
President Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Battle for Racial EqualityThe Battle for Racial Equality– Expanding ProtestsExpanding Protests
SNCCSNCC ““Freedom Rides”Freedom Rides” BirminghamBirmingham Sit-ins-1960Sit-ins-1960 Greensboro, N.C.Greensboro, N.C.
Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson, and Mark Martin stage sit-down strike after being refused service at an F.W. Woolworth luncheon counter, Greensboro, N.C. 1960. (Library of Congress)
7
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Background Map: 1961 Freedom Rides [New York]: Associated Press Newsfeature, [1962]. (Library of Congress)
8 .
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Battle for Racial EqualityThe Battle for Racial Equality
– A National CommitmentA National Commitment March on Washington-1963March on Washington-1963 Largest Civil Rights DemonstrationLargest Civil Rights Demonstration Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964
“I have a dream…”
Martin Luther King, Jr.9
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Battle for Racial EqualityThe Battle for Racial Equality– The Battle for Voting RightsThe Battle for Voting Rights
““Freedom Summer”-1964Freedom Summer”-1964 KKK and Local Police Involved KKK and Local Police Involved
in the Murder of Activists in the Murder of Activists Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965
– The Changing MovementThe Changing Movement De jure and De facto SegregationDe jure and De facto Segregation
– Urban ViolenceUrban Violence Watts Riot-1965Watts Riot-1965 Los AngelesLos Angeles
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Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Battle for Racial EqualityThe Battle for Racial Equality– Black PowerBlack Power
Shift from Integration to Racial DistinctionShift from Integration to Racial Distinction An Increasingly Divided Civil Rights MovementAn Increasingly Divided Civil Rights Movement
– Malcolm X-1965Malcolm X-1965 Nation of IslamNation of Islam Elijah MuhammedElijah Muhammed
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
““Flexible Response” and the Cold WarFlexible Response” and the Cold War– Diversifying Foreign PolicyDiversifying Foreign Policy
Special Forces (Green Berets)Special Forces (Green Berets) Conflicts in the Third World (Developing Nations)Conflicts in the Third World (Developing Nations) Bay of Pigs Operation-April 1961Bay of Pigs Operation-April 1961 U.S. Withheld Air SupportU.S. Withheld Air Support
– Confrontations with the Soviet UnionConfrontations with the Soviet Union Cuban Missile Crisis-Oct. 1962Cuban Missile Crisis-Oct. 1962 Naval and Air Blockade of CubaNaval and Air Blockade of Cuba Crisis Ends With Soviets Dismantling Crisis Ends With Soviets Dismantling
Their Missiles in CubaTheir Missiles in Cuba U.S. Promises Not to Invade CubaU.S. Promises Not to Invade Cuba
“Communist domination in this hemisphere can never be negotiated”
John F. KennedyFidel Castro1926–
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The United States in Latin America, 1954-200113
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
““Flexible Response” and the Cold WarFlexible Response” and the Cold War
– President Johnson and the WorldPresident Johnson and the World Intervention in the Dominican Republic (1965)Intervention in the Dominican Republic (1965) Dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo (1930-61)Dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo (1930-61) Trujillo Assassinated in 1961Trujillo Assassinated in 1961 Left-wing NationalistsLeft-wing Nationalists Juan BoschJuan Bosch 30,000 U.S. Troops Dispatched30,000 U.S. Troops Dispatched
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1 Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (Spanish pronunciation: [rafaˈel leˈoniðas tɾuˈxiʎo]; October 24, 1891 – May 30, 1961
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Agony of VietnamThe Agony of Vietnam– The First Indochina War (1946-54)The First Indochina War (1946-54)
The VietminhThe Vietminh Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954)Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954) George Kennan- “Containment”George Kennan- “Containment” ““Most Disastrous…of all America’s Undertakings”Most Disastrous…of all America’s Undertakings”
– Geneva and the Two VietnamsGeneva and the Two Vietnams Geneva Conference-Elections Set for 1956Geneva Conference-Elections Set for 1956 Vietnam Divided at the 17Vietnam Divided at the 17thth Parallel Parallel South Vietnamese SocietySouth Vietnamese Society Saigon-Capital of S. VietnamSaigon-Capital of S. Vietnam
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Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh1890–19691890–1969When he was young, the poor When he was young, the poor Vietnamese Nguyen That Vietnamese Nguyen That (uhng•wihn thaht) Thanh worked as (uhng•wihn thaht) Thanh worked as a cook on a French steamship. In a cook on a French steamship. In visiting American cities where the visiting American cities where the boat docked, such as Boston and boat docked, such as Boston and New York, he learned about both New York, he learned about both American culture and ideals. He American culture and ideals. He later took a new name—Ho Chi later took a new name—Ho Chi Minh, meaning “He who Minh, meaning “He who enlightens.” But he held onto those enlightens.” But he held onto those American ideals. Though a American ideals. Though a Communist, in announcing Communist, in announcing Vietnam’s Independence from Vietnam’s Independence from France in 1945, he declared, “All France in 1945, he declared, “All men are created equal.” His people men are created equal.” His people revered him and fondly called him revered him and fondly called him Uncle Ho. However, Ho Chi Minh Uncle Ho. However, Ho Chi Minh did not put his democratic ideals did not put his democratic ideals into practice. From 1954 to 1969, into practice. From 1954 to 1969, he ruled North Vietnam by crushing he ruled North Vietnam by crushing all oppositionall opposition
GeneralGeneral GiápGiáp
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Agony of VietnamThe Agony of Vietnam– America and DiemAmerica and Diem
Ngo Dinh DiemNgo Dinh Diem Cancels Elections Scheduled for 1956Cancels Elections Scheduled for 1956 The NLF-VietcongThe NLF-Vietcong Diem Overthrown-Nov. 1963Diem Overthrown-Nov. 1963 Kennedy Supports the Assassination of DiemKennedy Supports the Assassination of Diem
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Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Agony of VietnamThe Agony of Vietnam– From Aid to InterventionFrom Aid to Intervention
Pressure for American InterventionPressure for American Intervention Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-1964Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-1964 Authorization for Undeclared WarAuthorization for Undeclared War Mounting Casualties/500,000 Troops(1967)Mounting Casualties/500,000 Troops(1967)
– The QuagmireThe Quagmire Strategy of “Attrition”Strategy of “Attrition” ““Hearts and Minds”Hearts and Minds”
18 ©
Lyndon B. Johnson
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The War in Vietnam and Indochina, 1964-197519
Ho Chi Minh Trail
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Agony of VietnamThe Agony of Vietnam– The War at HomeThe War at Home
Growing Opposition to the WarGrowing Opposition to the War Campaign of Senator Robert F. KennedyCampaign of Senator Robert F. Kennedy War-Induced InflationWar-Induced Inflation Great Society Programs CutGreat Society Programs Cut
Antiwar Poster (Library of Congress)
20
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Traumas of 1968The Traumas of 1968
– The Tet OffensiveThe Tet Offensive U. S. Political and Psychological DefeatU. S. Political and Psychological Defeat U.S. Military VictoryU.S. Military Victory NLF Ranks DepletedNLF Ranks Depleted
– The Political ChallengeThe Political Challenge Robert Kennedy-Democratic CandidateRobert Kennedy-Democratic Candidate
– The King and Kennedy AssassinationsThe King and Kennedy Assassinations Riots-MLK Assassination (April 1968)Riots-MLK Assassination (April 1968) RFK Assassination-Los Angeles (June 1968)RFK Assassination-Los Angeles (June 1968) Sirhan Sirhan-Palestinian IssueSirhan Sirhan-Palestinian Issue The “Kennedy Legacy”-MartyrdomThe “Kennedy Legacy”-Martyrdom Democratic National Convention-1968Democratic National Convention-1968 Humphrey Receives the NominationHumphrey Receives the Nomination
Democratic presidential nominee Democratic presidential nominee Hubert HumphreyHubert Humphrey.. 21
Chapter Twenty-nine:Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
1968 Democratic Convention-Chicago
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Election of 196823
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
The Traumas of 1968The Traumas of 1968
– The Conservative ResponseThe Conservative Response George Wallace-Gov. of AlabamaGeorge Wallace-Gov. of Alabama Conservative CandidateConservative Candidate Strong Southern Support for WallaceStrong Southern Support for Wallace American Independence PartyAmerican Independence Party Nixon VictoriousNixon Victorious
Richard M. Nixon (Library of Congress)
24
George Wallace
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
25
Where Historians Disagree:Where Historians Disagree:
The Vietnam CommitmentThe Vietnam Commitment
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
Vietnam Veterans’ War Memorial (R. Morley/Photolink/Getty Images)
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Patterns of Popular Culture:Patterns of Popular Culture:
The Folk-Music RevivalThe Folk-Music Revival
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
27 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
America in the World:America in the World:
19681968
Chapter Twenty-nine: Chapter Twenty-nine: Civil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of LiberalismCivil Rights, Vietnam, and the Ordeal of Liberalism
28 © 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
