Alcohol 2004 Colombia

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COUNTRY PROFILES REGION OF THE AMERICAS

WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004 1© World Health Organization 2004

COLOMBIA

Recorded adult per capita consumption (age 15+)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001

Year

L i t

r e s o

f p u r e

a l c

o h

o l

Total

Beer

Spirits

Wine

Sources: FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), World Drink Trends 2003

Last year abstainers

Total15.1%

M a

l e 4

. 9 %

F e m a

l e 2 0

. 7 %

Estimates from key alcohol experts show that the proportion of adult males and females who had been abstaining(last year before the survey) was 31% (males) and 47% (females). Data is for after year 1995. 2

High risk drinkers

Total31.8%

M a

l e 5 2

. 4 %

F e m a

l e 2 1

. 0 %

Data from the 2000–2001 Multi-Country Survey Study. Totalsample size n = 6000; males n =2071 and females n = 3929.Population aged 18 years andabove. 1

Data from the 2000–2001 Multi-Country Survey Study. Totalsample size n = 6000; males n =2071 and females n = 3929.Population aged 18 years andabove. Definition used:consumption of five or morestandard drinks for males andthree or more standard drinks forfemales on a typical drinkingday. 1





Heavy episodic drinkers

Total5.2%

M a

l e 1 1

. 6 %

F e m a

l e 1

. 9 %

Youth drinking (last year abstainers)

Total9.6%

M a

l e 4

. 2 %

F e m a

l e 1 2

. 6 %

A 1997 survey of 1730 students in grade 10 from 32 randomly selected public high schools in Bogotá shows thatthe percentage of study participants who reported having had at least one drink during their lifetime was 86.6%. 3

In a study of 2611 children (1253 boys and 1358 girls) aged 6–18 years old from the city of Medellín inColombia, it was found that 46% of the children drank alcohol (52.5% of boys and 40.5% of girls). The study alsofound that 25.7% of those aged between 10 and 14 years drank alcohol, whilst 63.5% of children aged between 15and 18 years old drank alcohol. 4

Youth drinking (heavy episodic drinkers)

Total7.5%

M a

l e 1 4

. 5 %

F e m a

l e 4

. 1 %

Data from the 2000–2001 Multi-Country Survey Study. Totalsample size n = 6000; males n =

2071 and females n = 3929.Population aged 18 years andabove. Definition used: at leastonce a week consumption of sixor more standard drinks in onesitting. 1

Data from the 2000–2001 Multi-

Country Survey Study. Totalsample size n = 1080; males n =384 and females n = 696.Population aged 18 to 24 years.For the age group 15 to 19 years(subsample n = 357), the rate of last year abstainers was 11.5%(total), 3.4% (males) and 15.5%(females). 1

Data from the 2000–2001 Multi-Country Survey Study. Totalsample size n = 1080; males n =384 and females n = 696.Population aged 18 to 24 yearsold. For the age group 15 to 19years (subsample n = 357), the

rate of heavy episodic drinkerswas 10.1% (total), 16.1% (males)and 7.1% (females). Definitionused: at least once a week consumption of six or morestandard drinks in one sitting. 1





Alcohol dependence

M a

l e 4

. 7 %

F e m a

l e 0

. 3 %

According to the 2000–2001 Multi-Country Survey Study (total sample size n = 6019; sample population aged 15years and above), the rate of last year alcohol dependence was 4.8% (total), 9.8% (males) and 2.2% (females).Alcohol dependence was measured using criteria from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases andRelated Health Problems (10 th Revision). 1

Note: These are preliminary, early-release, unpublished data from WHO's Multi-Country Survey Study made available exclusively for thisreport. Some estimates may change in the final analyses of these data.

A 1987 urban survey of 2800 residents between the ages of 12 and 64 in four cities showed that 8.1% of subjectswere considered to be alcoholics. 6

Traditional alcoholic beverages

Aguardiente (anise-based liquor), guarapo (from sugar-cane) and chicha (alcoholic beverage fermented frommaize) and chirrinche (similar to aguardiente but made with herbs) are drunk mainly in the rural areas (home-brewed).

Unrecorded alcohol consumption

The unrecorded alcohol consumption in Colombia is estimated to be 2.0 litres pure alcohol per capita forpopulation older than 15 for the years after 1995 (estimated by a group of key alcohol experts). 2

Mortality rates from selected death causes where alcohol is one of the underlying risk factors

The data represent all the deaths occurring in a country irrespective of whether alcohol was a direct or indirectcontributor.

2003 national survey of mentalhealth (total sample size n = 4544;aged 18 to 65 years). DSM-IV

definition of alcohol dependencewas used. 5





Chronic mortality

0

0 .0 1

0 .0 2

0 .0 3

0 .0 4

0 .0 5

0 .0 6

0 .0 7

0 .0 8

0 .0 9

0 . 1

1 9 6 1

1 9 6 5

1 9 6 9

1 9 7 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 8

Y e a r

S D R

p e r

1 0 0 0

0

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

1 . 2

A l c o h o l u s e d i s o r d e r s

C i r r h o s i s o f t h e l i v e r

M o u t h an d o r o p h a r y n xc a n c e r s I s c h a e m i c h e a r t d i se a s e

Note: Chronic mortality time-series measured on two axes, ischaemic heart disease on right axis and the other causes on the left.

Acute mortality

0

0 . 1

0 . 2

0 . 3

0 . 4

0 . 5

0 . 6

0 . 7

0 . 8

0 . 9

1

1 9 6 1 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 9 1 9 7 6 1 9 8 6 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 8

Y e a r

S D R

p e r

1 0 0 0 F a l ls

I n t e n t i o n a l i n j u r i e s

P o i s o n i n g s R o a d t r a f f ic a c c i d e n t s

Source: WHO Mortality DatabaseNote: Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results as death registration level is incomplete.

Morbidity, health and social problems from alcohol use

A study of data on road deaths and injuries from 1991 to 1995 in Colombia found that 15% of deaths areattributable to driving whilst under the influence of alcohol. 7

In a study looking at homicides that were registered in Cali, Colombia from 1993 to 1998, the bivariate analysisconducted revealed a positive association with alcohol consumption by the victim. Cases that occurred during afight between individuals or during group fighting also showed an association with alcohol consumption by thevictim. 8

A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 275 women in Barranquilla, Colombia found that habitual alcohol

consumption in the women and in the spouses were factors associated with marital violence.9





The use of drugs and alcohol is a key factor in 80% of child abuse cases in Colombia, reports a recent studyconducted by World Vision in Colombia. 10

A 1997 study showed that alcohol consumption is associated with self-perceived academic ability. Students whoreported consumption of alcohol during the 30 days prior to the study showed significantly lower self-perceivedacademic ability than those who did not report alcohol use during the 30 days preceding the survey. 3

In a study comparing 85 patients with gastric cancer and 170 controls, alcohol consumption was found to be morecommon among patients with gastric cancer. 11

Country background information

Total population 2003 44 222 000 Life expectancy at birth (2002) Male 67.5

Adult (15+) 30 070 960 Female 76.3

% under 15 32 Probability of dying under age 5 per 1000 (2002) Male 27

Population distribution 2001 (%) Female 19

Urban 75 Gross National Income per capita 2002 US$ 1830

Rural 25

Sources: Population and Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat, World Bank World Development Indicators database, TheWorld Health Report 2004

References

1. Ustun TB et al. WHO Multi-Country Survey Study on Health and Health System Responsiveness 2000–2001. In: Murray CJL, Evans DB, eds. Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods and

Empiricism . Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.2. Rehm J et al. Alcohol. In: Ezzati M et al., eds. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and

regional burden of disease due to selected major risk factors . Geneva, World Health Organization, inpress.

3. Pérez MA, Pinzon-Pérez H. Alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive drug use among high schoolstudents in Bogota, Colombia. Journal of School Health , 2000, 70(9):377–380.

4. Uscátegui Peñuela RMU et al. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en niños de 6 a 18 años de Medellín(Colombia) [Cardiovascular risk factors in children and teenagers aged 16–18 years old from Medellín(Colombia)]. Anales de Pediatria , 2003, 58(5):411–417.

5. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2003 [National Survey of Mental Health, 2003] . Ministry of Health.6. Torres de Galvis Y, Murrelle L. Consumption of dependence-producing substances in Colombia. Bulletin

of the Pan American Health Organization , 1990, 24(1):12–21.7. Posada J. Death and injury from motor vehicle crashes in Colombia. Revista Panamericana de Salud

Pública [Pan American Journal of Public Health] , 2000, 7(2):88–91.8. Concha-Eastman A et al. La epidemiología de los homicidios en Cali, 1993–1998: seis años de un

modelo poblacional [Epidemiology of homicides in Cali, Colombia, 1993–1998: six years of apopulation-based model]. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública [Pan American Journal of Public

Health] , 2002, 12(4):230–239.9. Tuesca R, Borda M. Violencia física marital en Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalencia y factores de riesgo

[Marital violence in Barranquilla (Colombia): prevalence and risk factors]. Gaceta Sanitaria , 2003,17(4):302–308.

10. Drugs, alcohol key factors in child abuse, says study. World Vision Worldview Update (http://www.worldvision.org/worldvision/pr.nsf/stable/update_colombia_120803, accessed 24 February2004).

11. Rodríguez A et al. Asociación entre Infección por Helicobacter Pylori y Cáncer Gástrico en Colombia.Tomado De Acta Médica Colombiana , 2000, 25:112–116.

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Alcohol 2004 Colombia