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Strategic CO2 seminarAlexander Cohr Pachai

Johnson Controls2

Why look for new products?

Environment issues

GWP

Political

Price of refrigerant

Energy

Toxicology

Safety

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Tax

588/7,5=78,41€/kg

215/7,5=28,67€/kg

266/7,5=35,47€/kg313/7,5=41,73€/kg

598/7,5=79,73€/kg

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The effect of tax and ban in kg

Salg af CFC, HCFC og HFC i Danmark over en årrække (mængder i kg)

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

450.000

500.000

550.000

600.000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Consumption and recycled refrigerants

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Kølemiddel salg Retur kølemiddel

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Consumption breakdown on main uses

Forbruget af de dominerende kølemidler i Danmark

0

20.000

40.000

60.000

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

160.000

180.000

200.000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

R22 R404A R134a R407C

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Reduction on the environment impact

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

0,90

1,00

1,10

Red. GWP Red. Sales

Red. GWP 1,00 1,01 0,74 0,85 0,76 0,75 0,71 0,62

Red. Sales 1,00 0,93 0,68 0,73 0,66 0,64 0,60 0,54

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Will there be sufficient R22 in the market next year?

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German use of refrigerants

HFC refrigerant sales in Germany 2006 was 6127 metric tonnes

Service23%

New Install77%

Service New Install

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Breakdown on German refrigerant use

R22 no longer reported

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006R22 1347 1255 1319 1068R134a 4312 4142 4359 4359 4331 4600

833 Davon Instandhaltung 18,1087 %R404A 853 872 942 1011 757 979

353 Davon Instandhaltung 36,0572 %R407C 346 354 395 453 448 548

197 Davon Instandhaltung 35,94891 %HFC i alt 5511 5368 5696 5823 5536 6127R22+HFC 6858 6623 7015 6891 5536 6127

1383 Davon Instandhaltung 22,57222 %

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Price of production

Total primary energy required

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

MJ/

kg

MJ/kg 60 54 187 1 1

R600a R717 R134a R744 R729

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Radiative forcing

CO264%

N2O6% CH4

18%

CFC10,213%

HCFC1,486%

HFC0,648%

CFC+HCFC+HFC12%

CO2

N2O

CH4

CFC+HCFC+HFC

CFC

HCFC

HFC

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Changes in the air we all breathe

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Commitment from the main companies in the industry

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The circle is completed – or where are we heading?

NH3, SO2, CO2, AIR, HC, ether CFC, HCFC

HFC

1855 - 1930 1929 - 2000

1995 – 20??

MontrealProtocol 1987

KyotoProtocol 1997

EU initiatives towards 2020

Copenhagen amendment 1992Copenhagen amendment 1992Bali amendment 2007Bali amendment 2007

EU F-gas reg. 2006MAC regulation 2006

HFO 1234yfHFO1243zf

Etc.2009 -20??

Break-down?

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HFO, is it a safe solution?

CF3CF=CH (R1234yf) and CF3CH=CH2 (R1243zf) are currently studied

GWP1234yf = 4,4

GWP1243zf = 3,6

BUTNo reports on break down products yet. An investigation on the Internet show high activity level and preliminary reports show give a breakdown product including CF3 and HF

GWPCF4 = 7390 with a lifetime of 50.000 years

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Installed CO2 refrigeration plants by JCI

SE FI

DK

NO

UKDE

FRAT

NL PL

HUIT

ES

CZSK

RO

PO

BU

GR

BE

YU

FI

SLO

Total installed industrial LT systemsAT 1.420 kW 4 projectsBrazil 1.332 kW 1 projectsCZ 2.450 kW 4 projectsDE 3.852 kW 9 projectsDK 681 kW 2 projectsDubai 1.500 kW 1 projectsES 12.499 kW 14 projectsFI 250 kW 1 projectsFR 10.503 kW 18 projectsIT 1.263 kW 1 projectsJordan 650 kW 1 projectsKazakhstan 802 kW 1 projectsLebanon 2.000 kW 1 projectsLiechtenstein 400 kW 1 projectsLT 853 kW 1 projectsNL 4.450 kW 4 projectsNO 3.087 kW 9 projectsPL 400 kW 1 projectsRUS 6.471 kW 5 projectsSaudi Arabia 1.200 kW 2 projectsSE 4.375 kW 20 projectsSLO 420 kW 1 projectsThailand 960 kW 3 projectsUK 1.120 kW 2 projectsUkraine 532 kW 1 projectsUSA 15.565 kW 12 projectsVietnam 150 kW 1 projectsIn total 79.185 kW 121 projects

Ships 5.900 kW 4 projectsSupermarkets 7.866 kW 94 projectsOthers 5.800 kW 5 projectsVeg. Fresh store 2000 kW 1 Project In total 21.566 kW 104 projects

All systems and types 225 projectsAll systems and types 100.751 kW

311 HC systems inMany diff. applications

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Applications

Fish freezing (NO, NL) @-48°C

Pie freezing (LT) @-48°C

Bread (DK, CZ, ES, RUS) @-48°C

Chicken (Vietnam, UK) @-48°C

Ice cream (FR, RUS) @-40°C

Fresh produce (BE) @+4°C

Coffee drying (ES, DE, Brazil) @-54/-49/-30°C

Supermarkets in SE, NO, DK, UK, FR, ES and New Zealand

SE FI

DK

NO

UKDE

FRAT

NL PL

HUIT

ES

CZSK

RO

PO

BU

GR

BE

YU

FI

SLO

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Two temperature solution on one skid

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The other end of the scale

Com

mis

sion

ed O

ctob

er 2

4th

2008

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Where are we heading?

No bans – no changes….

unless the competition changes

Politics

often a lot of big visions with very little commitment

taxation has proven to a good game changer

Competition

changes in the competitive markets can change the product portfolio

CO2 is a game changer in many markets

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Sabroe product history

SA models1929

SMC models1955

SAB 1281981

Rotatune2002

SABCube2006

Uniscrew2005

Founded1897

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Sabroe products

Sabroe Products

S/T condensersS/T evaporatorsCascade coolersInert gas coolersOil coolersEconomisersSpecial heat exchangers

Heat exchangers

Systems

HeatPACCascade heat pump unitsPAC heat pump units

CAFP with CO2 (24 models)

Freezepackages

SAB 120 (4 models)SAB 151 (4 models)SAB 193 (2 models)SAB 233 (3 models)SAB 283 (4 models)SAB 355 (4 models)SAB Rotatune (2 models)SABCube (3 models)

Screw

ChillPAC 24-116 (21 models)PAC 24-PAC 116 (18 models)New PAC 120-355 (21 models)PLCH (12 models)

Chillers

HPO (3 models)HPC (3 models)

CMO (6 models)SMC (15 models)Rotatune (21 models)

TCMO (2 models)TSMC 108 (3 models)TSMC 116 (3 models)

Reciprocating

Single-stage

High pressure

Two-stageHeat pump units

Unisab IIICommunication interfaces (Profibus, RS2LAN, Comsab)Retrofit kitsUnisafe II gas detectionSabvisual SCADARemote Monitoring System (RADAR)

Compressors Control systems

Components

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Idea behind the design of HC chillers

1. Little foot print2. High COP

- VSD Controls- Screw compressor

3. Sound levels4. Environmental friendly chiller

(R290)

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HTAS HC chiller

New HC air cooled chiller

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Combining CO2 and HC

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Sabroe combining two old products in one solution - CAFP

6 standard unitsOther sizes on request

But is that enough?

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Considerations

Is transcritical an option?

Globally or in which climate zones or geographic areas is it feasible?

Cascade systems have their strengths

Where are they used best?

Ammonia and HC systems have their strengths

Where are they used best and in which capacities?

For all solutions:

Volume is the key to success!!

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