Upload
lethien
View
233
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
ALFALFA AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN
Alfalfa is a medium-high good quality crude protein forage for milk production. The proportions in which a large part of the amino acids found in alfalfa are similar to those found in milk.The heat treatment used for alfalfa dehydration could reduce rumen protein degradability improving the intestinal digestible protein supply and animal performance.
0
5
10
15
20
VALU
ES A
S PER
CEN
TAG
ES (
%)
MILK ALFALFA
Leu Lys Val Ile Phe Thr Arg His Met Trp
HOW IS DETERMINED ALFALFA QUALITY?
RFV=120/%NDF 88.9-(0,779 x %ADF)X
1.29
Relative Feed Value (RFV)Categories of the quality of forages are established
from the RFV values, which depend on the alfalfa phenological stage, and is calculated from feed intake (estimated from NDF content) and digestibility (estimated from ADF content) according to:
Relative Forage Quality (RFQ)It is another criterion for determining the quality
of the forage. It is calculated from intake and total digestible nutrients (TDN).
ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE FABRICANTES DE ALFALFA DESHIDRATADA
http://www.igm.ule-csic.es/http://www.csic.es/
https://www.unileon.es/http://aefa-d.com/
2. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA AND CONSERVATION METHODS
FEEDING DAIRY COWS
CELULOSA CELULOSA CELULOSA CELULOSA
CELULOSA
CELULOSA
CELULOSA
QUALITY RFV ADF (%)
EXTRA QUALITY 150-170 29-32 36-40
FIRST
SECOND
130-150 32-35 40-44
<130 >35 >44
NDF (%)
Classification of the Spanish Dehydrated Alfalfa
CELULOSA CELULOSACP(%)
>18 Dark green
16.5-18 Green
15-16.5 Pale green
COLOR
USDA Classification
CELULOSA CELULOSA CELULOSA CELULOSA
CELULOSA
CELULOSA
CELULOSA
QUINTA
QUINTA
CATEGORIES RFV ADF (%) NDF (%)
SUPREME >185 <27 <34
PREMIUM
GOOD
FAIR
UTILITY
170-185 27-29 34-36
150-170 29-32 36-40
130-150 32-35 40-44
<130 >35 >44
CELULOSACP-100%
>22
20-22
18-20
16-18
<16
METHODS OF ALFALFA CONSERVATION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE CONSERVATION METHODS
Although the management is carried out correctly, there are losses in performance or forage quality during operation involving conservation. Major losses occur during harvesting (leave losses, cellular respiration, handling, rain, etc.) and is proportional to its dry matter content. In storage, the losses are related to respiration of the plant and microorganisms, and oxidation. The main disadvantage of dehydration is the economic investment, though, gets a better extraction of the water, which increases nutrient content per kg of feed, so the cost of transportation is lower compared to the other methods of conservation, as well as it reduces the risk of microbial contamination.
Henification
Ensiling
Dehydration
BALES
BRIQUETTES
PELLETS
MEJORA EL VALOR NUTRITIVOIMPROVE NUTRITIVE VALUE
REDUCE MICROBIALCONTAMINATION
ALLOW HIGH NUMBER OF HARVESTS
MENOR TIEMPO EN EL CAMPOREDUCES HARVEST TIMES
WATER OF FORAGE IS NATURALLY EVAPORATED ON FIELDS AND BALED FOR EASING TRANSPORT AND STORING
MENOR TIEMPO EN EL CAMPO3 DIFFERENT VERSIONS
OF ALFALFA
NUTRIENT LOSSES DURING HARVESTING
ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED ALFALFA SILAGE
NUTRIENT LOSSES DURING STORAGE
ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED ALFALFA SILAGE
ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED ALFALFA SILAGE
ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED ALFALFA SILAGE ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED
ALFALFA SILAGE
ALFALFA HAY DEHYDRATED ALFALFA SILAGE
CHOPPING TIME IN TMR WAGON
RISK OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION
INVESTMENT NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE CONSERVATION PROCESS
LABOR COST PER NUTRIENT UNIT
WHAT IS ALFALFA?
Basically higher protein percentages than other forage grasses and greater operational capacity in implementing a method of preservation than other legumes.
WHAT DOES ALFALFA PROVIDE TO TMR RATIONS ?
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a herbaceous plant from the legume family. It is prized as fodder for ruminants owing to its excellent nutritional properties and its high degree of palatability.
NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBERCRUDE PROTEIN
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Phleum pratense Dactylis glomerata Cynodon dactylon
Trifolium pratense Lotus corniculatus
Medicago sativa
VALU
ES IN
PER
CEN
TAG
ES (%
DM
)
day 1 day 2 day 14
FASE AEROBIC FERMENTATION PHASE STABILITY PHASE
Aerobic and facultative anaero-bic microorganism,and oxygen
pHTemperature
Acidolactic bacterias and lactic acid
EVOLUTION OF PARAMETERS
DURING ENSILING
Dehydrated alfalfa in relation to hay:
• IT REDUCES RELIANCE ON WEATHER CONDITIONS ALLOWING BETTER PLANNING OF HARVEST
• GETS HIGHER NUTRITIONAL VALUE BY REDUCING THE LOSS OF LEAVES
• BETTER AND MORE HOMOGENEOUS DRYING REDUCING SUBSEQUENT CONTAMINATION
• SAVES PROCESSING TIME IN THE TMR MIXING WAGON0
2
4
6
8
10
12
16
14
Phleum pratense
Dactylis glomerata
Cynodon dactylon
Trifolium pratense
Lotus corniculatus
Medicago sativa
18
CA
LCIU
M (
g/k
g D
M)
Alfalfa is a good source of soluble fiber, mainly pectins, highly digestible and with non acidogenic fermentation pattern. Approximately 40% of the fat content of alfalfa is made up for linolenic acid, precursor of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). It is also a better source of calcium with respect to other forages.