âL$fZ-3 k„ip¡^ ep¡S> p A ¡ s¡ p Ap^pfp¡shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3393/9/09_chapter 3.pdf · âL$fZ-3 k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡ 1.0 rhje_p¡

âL$fZ-3âL$fZ-3âL$fZ-3âL$fZ-3âL$fZ-3k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡k„ip¡^_ ep¡S>_p A_¡ s¡_p Ap^pfp¡

1.01.01.01.01.0 rhje_p¡ Dv¹ $Ndrhje_p¡ Dv¹ $Ndrhje_p¡ Dv¹ $Ndrhje_p¡ Dv¹ $Ndrhje_p¡ Dv¹ $Nd

bpmL$p¡ Ly$v$fsu fus¡ S> rS>opky lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_u âh©rÑAp¡dp„\u S>

op_ ¡v$p \pe R>¡. s¡d_¡ âpàs \e¡g op_, D`gå^ kpdN°u s\p âL©$rsAp¡_p App^pf¡

_hp rhQpfp¡_¡ `fõ`f Å¡X$u iL¡$ R>¡. rhQpfp¡_y„ NW$_ A_¡ y_:NW_ bpmL$_u AÂee_

âNrs_p Ar_hpe® A„Np¡ R>¡. âep¡S>L$_¡ ipmpdp„ rhop_ rinZ_p„ Âe¡ep¡_¡ rkÙ L$fhp

rhop_d„X$m_u AphíeL$sp S>Zpe lsu. âp\rdL$ ipmp L$npA¡ A`psy rhop__y„ qinZ

`pep_y„ R>¡. Ap rinZ v$frdep_ flu Ne¡gu L$Qpip¡ L¡$ EZ`p¡ ApNm_p Aæepk dpV¡$

bp^L$ b_¡ R>¡. s¡\u âp\rdL$ ipmp L$npA¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u fQ_p L$fu

s¡_u AS>dpei L$fhp_y„ âep¡S>L¡$ `k„v$ L$ey lsy„.

âõsys âL$fZdp„ k„ip¡ __p k„v$c®dp„ ìep`rhð, _d|_p `k„v$Nu, k„ip¡ _

`Ùrs, L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p, D`L$fZ, âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ L$pe®_p¡ Adg, dprlsu_y„

A¡L$ÓuL$fZ A_¡ dprlsu ©\½$fZ_u °rhr^ rhj¡ dprlsu dmu fl¡i¡.

f.0f.0f.0f.0f.0 ìep`rhðìep`rhðìep`rhðìep`rhðìep`rhð

ìep`rhð A¡V$g¡ âep¡NL$pf âep¡N dpV¡$_p¡ _d|_p¡ S>¡ kd|ldp„\u `k„v$ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡

`pÓp¡_p¡ dymc|s kd|l. k„ip¡ L$ ìep`rhð_¡ kpQu fus¡ ìep¿epres L$f¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ `p¡sp_p

Aæepkdp„ L$ep A_¡ L¡$hp `pÓp¡ `k„v$ L$fhp s¡ _½$u L$fu iL$¡ R>¡¡ A_¡ s¡_p `f\u

ìep`rhð_p gnZp¡_¡ ârstbrbs L$fsp¡ _d|_p¡ `k„v$ L$f¡ R>¡.

âõsys k„ip¡ _ âp\rdL$ rinZdp„ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u rhop_

rhjedp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_u rkqÙ, d_p¡hgZ A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_p k„v$c®dp„ AkfL$pfL$sp

QL$pkhp_p¡ lsp¡. âõsys Aæepkdp„ rhop_d„X$m_p¡ dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d s¥epf L$fu_¡ s¡_y

kpsdp ^p¡fZdp„ AdguL$fZ L$fhp_y„ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. s¡\u k„ip¡ __p

ìep`rhðdp„ NyS>fps fpS>e_u NyS>fpsu dpÂed_u âp\rdL$ ipmp_p ^p¡fZ kpsdp„ Aæepk

L$fsp rhÛp\}Ap¡_p¡ kdph¡i L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

3.03.03.03.03.0 _d|_p `k„v$Nu_d|_p `k„v$Nu_d|_p `k„v$Nu_d|_p `k„v$Nu_d|_p `k„v$Nu

_d|_p¡ A¡V$g¡ ìep`rhðdp„\u âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ L$f¡gp `pÓp¡_y„ ârsq_q^ê$` S|>\.

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_d|_p `k„v$Nu_u fus_p¡ A_¡ _d|_p_p L$v$_p¡ Ap^pf Aæepk_p„ Qg, d¡mhhp ^pf¡g

`qfZpd_u Qp¡L$kpB, ìep`rhð_u rhipmsp A_¡ rhjdsp, Ar_e„rÓs Qgp¡_u k„¿ep,

dprlsu ©\½$fZ_u `Ùrs s¡dS> Aæepk_u `Ùrs `f R>¡. `k„v$ L$f¡gp¡ _d|_p¡ kdN°

ìep`rhð_y„ ârsr_r^Ðh L$fhp D`fp„s |h®N°lfrls lp¡hp¡ Å¡BA¡. _d|_p `k„v$Nu\u

kde, iqL$s A_¡ îd_u bQs \sp„ s¡ ÓZ¡e_p¡ h y kpfp¡ Dèp¡N L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

`qfZpd¡ kpfp A„Ly$ip¡ fpMu KX$p¡ A_¡ rhiv¹$ Aæepk \B iL¡$ R>¡.

âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ hZ®_pÐdL$ k„ip¡ __u syg_pdp„ _p_p¡ _d|_p¡ `k„v$ L$fu

L$pd L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap\u âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ ìep`rhð_y„ k„ |Z® ârsr_r^Ðh L$fsp¡

lp¡e s¡hp¡ _d|_p¡ d¡mhhp¡ dyíL¡$g R>¡.

kh£nZ âL$pf_p k„ip¡ _dp„ dprlsu dygpL$ps, âñphgu L¡$ AÞe D`L$fZ S>¡hp

L¡$ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp dp¡V$p _d|_p `f\u âpàs \pe R>¡. A¡L$ hMs L$kp¡V$u_u AS>dpei L$ep®

`R>u D`L$fZ_p Adg_u Sê$f `X$su _\u. S>epf¡ âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg_p¡

gp„bp kde ky u Adg L$fhp_p¡ lp¡e R>¡. k„ip¡ L$ _d|_p_p `pÓp¡ kp\¡ gp„bp kde

ky u L$pe® L$fsp¡ lp¡B s¡\u AÞe âL$pf_p k„ip¡ __u syg_pdp„ _d|_p¡ _p_p¡ lp¡e R>¡.

v¡$kpB (1989) A¡ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u rhrh^ fusp¡ Ap âdpZ¡ v$ip®h¡gu R>¡.

A.A.A.A.A. k„cpìe _d|_p `ÙrsAp¡k„cpìe _d|_p `ÙrsAp¡k„cpìe _d|_p `ÙrsAp¡k„cpìe _d|_p `ÙrsAp¡k„cpìe _d|_p `ÙrsAp¡

(1) ApL$[õdL$ _d|_p¡ (f) õsfuL©$s ApL$[õdL$ _d|_p¡

(3) ep¡S>_pbÙ _d|_p¡ (4) T|dMp„ _d|_p¡

b .b.b.b.b. r_Z®epÐdL$$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u `ÙrsAp¡r_Z®epÐdL$$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u `ÙrsAp¡r_Z®epÐdL$$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u `ÙrsAp¡r_Z®epÐdL$$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u `ÙrsAp¡r_Z®epÐdL$$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u `ÙrsAp¡

(`) Ap_yj„rNL$ _d|_p¡ (6) kl¡syL$ _d|_p¡

(7) r_es rlõkp_p¡ _d|_p¡

L $ .L $ .L $ .L $ .L $ . _d|_p `k„v$Nu_u AÞe `ÙrsAp¡_d|_p `k„v$Nu_u AÞe `ÙrsAp¡_d|_p `k„v$Nu_u AÞe `ÙrsAp¡_d|_p `k„v$Nu_u AÞe `ÙrsAp¡_d|_p `k„v$Nu_u AÞe `ÙrsAp¡

(8) Å¡X$L$p„ _d|_p¡ (9) b¡hX$p¡ _d|_p¡

(10) ¾$di: _d|_p¡ (11) blzkp¡ p_u _d|_p¡

âõsys k„ip¡ __p k„v$c®dp„ _d|_p `k„v$Nu Ap âdpZ¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

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(A)(A)(A)(A)(A) ipmp `k„v$Nuipmp `k„v$Nuipmp `k„v$Nuipmp `k„v$Nuipmp `k„v$Nu

âep¡N L$pe®dp„ A_yL|$msp fl¡ s¡ dpV$¡ s¡dS> âep¡N_p A_yk„ p_¡ ipmp_p

k„QpgL$p¡, ApQpep£, rinL$p¡ s\p rhÛp\}Ap¡_p¡ klL$pf dmu fl¡ s¡ dpV$¡ õ\pr_L$ A¡V$g¡

L$¡ fpS>L$p¡V$ il¡f_u âp\rdL$ ipmp `k„v$ L$fhp_y„ _½$u L$f¡g lsy. Ap D`fp„s rhop_d„X$m_p

L$pe®¾$d_p Adg_u Akf r_e„qÓs S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡ `f _ \pe s¡ dpV$¡ L$pmÆ g¡hp

b„_¡ âep¡Ndp„ A¡L$ S> ipmp_p b¡ hNp£ `k„v$ L$fhp_p bv$g¡ b¡ AgN-AgN ipmp_p

A¡L$-A¡L$ hN®_¡ `k„v$ L$fhp_y„ _½$u L$f¡g lsy„. s¡\u fpS>L$p¡V$ il¡f_u Qpf âp\rdL$

ipmpAp¡_u `k„v$Nu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>¡dp_u b¡ ipmpAp¡ Mp_Nu V²$õV$ k„Qprgs

Mp_Nu ipmpAp¡ lsu. S>epf¡ b¡ ipmpAp¡ _Nf âp\rdL$ rinZ krdrs k„Qprgs

kfL$pfu ipmpAp¡ lsu. Apd kl¡syL$ _d|_p `k„v$Nu\u ipmp `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsu.

¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d ipmp_p¡ `°L$pfipmp_p¡ `°L$pfipmp_p¡ `°L$pfipmp_p¡ `°L$pfipmp_p¡ `°L$pf ipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pd rhi¡jsprhi¡jsprhi¡jsprhi¡jsprhi¡jsp

1. Mp_Nu ipmp îu eyr_hk®g °p\rdL$ ipmp dpsyîu duW$udp A¡S>ey.

V²$õV$, k„Qprgs ipmp

f. Mp_Nu ipmp îu kp„qv$`_u rhÛp d„qv$f îu S>gpfpd A¡S>ey.

V²$õV$ k„Qprgs ipmp

3. kfL$pfu ipmp kf S>di¡v$Æ spsp âp\rdL$ _Nf âp\rdL$ rinZ

ipmp krdrs fpS>L$p¡V$,

k„Qprgs ipmp _„. 81

4. kfL$pfu ipmp îu AL$bfu âp\rdL$ ipmp _Nf âp\rdL$ rinZ

krdrs fpS>L$p¡V,$

k„Qprgs ipmp _„. 47

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) S> |\_u `k„v$NuS> |\_u `k„v$NuS> |\_u `k„v$NuS> |\_u `k„v$NuS> |\_u `k„v$Nu

âõsys k„ip¡^_dp„ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d Üpfp AÂee_-AÂep`_

L$fphhp_y„ lp¡e s¡ S|>\_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡ S>¡ S|>\_¡ dpÓ ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs\u S>

AÂee_-AÂep`_ L$fphhp_y„ lp¡e s¡ S|>\_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\ _pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.

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âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ ApL$[õdL$fZ\u b¡ Mp_Nu ipmpdp„\u A¡L$ ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$

S|>\dp„ A_¡ buÆ ipmp_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hp_y„ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Ap dpV¡$

b„_¡ Mp_Nu ipmpAp¡_p _pd_u rQÌ$uAp¡ b_phu_¡ s¡dp„\u A¡L$ rQÌ$u D`pX$u_¡, `k„v$

\e¡g rQÌ$uhpmu ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>epf¡ buÆ ipmp_¡

r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. s¡hu S> fus¡ Ap[õdL$fZ\u b¡ kfL$pfu ipmpdp„\u

A¡L$ kfL$pfu ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ A_¡ buÆ kfL$pfu ipmp_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„

d|L$hp_y„ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

âep¡N-1 : Mp_Nu âp\rdL$ ipmp_p„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_p„ rhÛp\}Ap¡ A_¡

r_e„rÓs S|>\_p„ rhÛp\}Ap¡.

âep¡N-f : kfL$pfu âp\rdL$ ipmp_p„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_p„ rhÛp\}Ap¡ A_¡

r_e„rÓs S|>\_p„ rhÛp\}Ap¡.

âõsys Aæepkdp„ lp\ ^fpe¡g âep¡Np¡, s¡ dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g ipmpAp¡, s¡dp„\u

`k„v$ \e¡g S|>\, `k„v$ \e¡g ipmp_p„ kpsdp„ ^p¡fZ_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_u k„¿ep kpfZu

3.1 dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. âep¡N_u iê$Aps\u A„s ky u S>¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ lpS>f flep

lsp, s¡_u S> k„¿ep Ap kpfZudp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

kpfZu 3.1kpfZu 3.1kpfZu 3.1kpfZu 3.1kpfZu 3.1

âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g _d|_p¡âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g _d|_p¡âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g _d|_p¡âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g _d|_p¡âep¡N dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g _d|_p¡

âep¡Nâep¡Nâep¡Nâep¡Nâep¡N ipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pdipmp_y „ _pd ipmp_p¡ipmp_p¡ipmp_p¡ipmp_p¡ipmp_p¡ S | >\S| >\S| >\S| >\S| >\ rhÛp\}_urhÛp\}_urhÛp\}_urhÛp\}_urhÛp\}_u

¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d âL$pfâL$pfâL$pfâL$pfâL$pf k„¿epk„¿epk„¿epk„¿epk„¿ep

1. îu eyr_hk®g âp\rdL$ ipmp Mp_Nu âpep¡rNL$ 3f

îu kp„qv$`_u rhÛp d„qv$f Mp_Nu r_e„rÓs 36

f. kf S>di¡v$Æ spsp âp\rdL$ ipmp kfL$pfu âpep¡rNL$ 3`

îu AL$bfu âp\rdL$ ipmp kfL$pfu r_e„rÓs 3`

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ Mp_Nu âp\rdL$ ipmp_p S|>\dp„ îu eyr_hk®g âp\rdL$

ipmp_u âpep¡rNL$ ipmp sfuL¡$ A_¡ îu kp„qv$`_u rhÛp d„qv$f_u r_e„rÓs ipmp sfuL¡$

`k„v$Nu \e¡g lsu. s¡\u âep¡N-1 dp„ îu eyr_hk®g âp\rdL$ ipmp_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡

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âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ A_¡ îu kp„qv$`_u rhÛp d„qv$f_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„

Aph¡g lsp. S>¡dp„ îu eyr_hk®g âp\rdL$ ipmpdp„ Ly$g 3f rhÛp\}Ap¡ lsp, S>epf¡ îu

kp„qv$`_u rhÛp d„qv$fdp„ Ly$g 36 rhÛp\}Ap¡ lsp. s¡hu S> fus¡ kfL$pfu âp\rdL$ ipmp_p

S|>\dp„ kf S>di¡v$Æ spsp âp\rdL$ ipmp_u âpep¡rNL$ ipmp sfuL¡$ A_¡ îu AL$bfu

âp\rdL$ ipmp_u r_e„rÓs ipmp sfuL¡$ `k„v$Nu \e¡g lsu. s¡\u âep¡N-f dp„ kf

S>di¡v$Æ spsp âp\rdL$ ipmp_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ A_¡ îu AL$bfu

âp\rdL$ ipmp_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsp. S>¡dp„ kf S>di¡v$Æ

spsp âp\rdL$ ipmpdp„ Ly$g 3` rhÛp\}Ap¡ S>epf¡ îu AL$bfu âp\rdL$ ipmpdp„ `Z

Ly$g 3` rhÛp\}Ap¡ lsp.

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p„ AdguL$fZ L$fsp `l¡gp b„_¡ âep¡Ndp„ âpep¡rNL$

S|>\ A_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\_p `pÓp¡_u |h® rkqÙ_y„ rinL$ frQs |h® rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp

dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. v$f¡L$ âep¡Ndp„ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡

r_e„rÓs S|>\ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs R>¡ L¡$ _rl s¡ V$u-L$kp¡V$u Üpfp QL$pkhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsy„. Mp_Nu ipmp_p âep¡Ndp„ b„_¡ S|>\_u |h® rkqÙ_u kfpkfu_p k„v$c®dp„ d¡mh¡g V$u-

d|ëe 0.9` lsy. S>¡ kpfZu `.2 `f\u Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ Mp_Nu ipmp_p

âep¡Ndp„ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs

Å¡hp dmsp¡ _ lsp¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ b„_¡ S|>\p¡ gNcN kdp_ lsp.

s¡hu S> fus¡ kfL$pfu ipmp_p âep¡Ndp„ b„_¡ S|>\_u |h® rkqÙ_p„ k„v$c®dp„ d¡mh¡g V$u-

d|ëe 0.`6 lsy„. S>¡ kpfZu `.4 `f\u Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ kfL$pfu ipmp_p

âep¡Ndp„ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs

Å¡hp dmsp¡ _ lsp¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ b„_¡ S|>\p¡ gNcN kdp_ lsp.

4.04.04.04.04.0 k„ip¡^_ `Ùrsk„ip¡^_ `Ùrsk„ip¡^_ `Ùrsk„ip¡^_ `Ùrsk„ip¡^_ `Ùrs

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ âp\rdL$ rinZdp„ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u rhop_

rhjedp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_u rkqÙ, d_p¡hgZ A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_p k„v$c®dp„ AkfL$pfL$sp

QL$pkhp_u lp¡e, âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ `Ùrs_p¡ Adg L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

4.14.14.14.14.1 âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_

âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ A¡ k„ip¡ __p„ AÞe õhê$`p¡ L$fsp„ h y iyÙ A_¡ h¥opr_L$

R>¡. hZ®_pÐdL$ k„ip¡ _p¡ L$fsp„ âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ d¡mhpsp A„Ly$i_u dpÓp h y lp¡e

R>¡. s¡\u k„ip¡ _dp„ gpNy `pX¡$gp„ OV$L$ A_¡ Ahgp¡L$__u Akf hÃQ¡ ìeh[õ\s A_¡

35

sL®$ k„Ns k„b„ âõ\pr`s L$fu iL$pe R>¡. âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ DÐL$ë`_pAp¡dp„ A¡

Arcâ¡s lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ AdyL$ yfp¡Npdu NyZ^d® (õhs„Ó Qg) buÅ A_yNpdu NyZ^d®,

b_ph L¡$ Akf (`fs„Ó Qg) kp\¡ k„b„ ^fph¡ R>¡. DÐL$ë`_pdp„ L$ë ¡gu iL$espAp¡

Dv¹chi¡ L¡$ _rl s¡ QL$pkhp dpV¡$ âep¡NL$pf AÞe kh£ iL$espAp¡ `f A„Ly$i d¡mh¡

R>¡ A_¡ dpÓ õhs„Ó Qg_¡ gpNy `pX$u âpá \sp„ `qfZpdp¡_p Aæepk\u gpNy `pX¡$gp„

Qgp¡_p k„v$c®dp„ DÐL$ë`_p_p¡ õhuL$pf L¡$ AõhuL$pf L$fhp¡ s¡ _½$u L$f¡ R>¡.

Mpk L$pfZp¡kf Ecu L$f¡gu `qfrõ\rs L¡$ S>¡_p Üpfp k„ip¡ _ rkÙp„s L¡$

DÐL$ë`_p_¡ QL$pkpe R>¡ s¡ âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ R>¡.

4.f4.f4.f4.f4.f âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^__u gpnrZL$spAp¡âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^__u gpnrZL$spAp¡âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^__u gpnrZL$spAp¡âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^__u gpnrZL$spAp¡âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^__u gpnrZL$spAp¡

âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ Apep¡rS>s `qf[õ\rsdp„ L$p¡B Qp¡½$k `Ùrs_u Akf bpbs¡

kQp¡V$ `qfZpd Ap ¡ R>¡. âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _ Üpfp kde_p¡ kQp¡V$ DL¡$g d¡mhhp dpV¡$

Ap âdpZ¡_u gpnrZL$spAp¡ `f Âep_ Ap`hy„ AphíeL$ NZpe.

4.f.14.f.14.f.14.f.14.f.1 Qgp¡_y „ r_e„ÓZQgp¡_y „ r_e„ÓZQgp¡_y „ r_e„ÓZQgp¡_y „ r_e„ÓZQgp¡_y „ r_e„ÓZ

`fs„Ó Qg `f âep¡N v$frdep_ L¡$V$gp„L$ Qgp¡ Ap`d¡m¡ Akf L$f¡ R>¡

S>¡\u k„ip¡ _ `qfZpdp¡ v|$rjs \hp_p¡ ce fl¡ R>¡. s¡\u âep¡N_u âdpZc|ssp

Åmhhp k„ip¡ L$ Aphp Qgp¡_¡ Ap¡mMu Sy>v$u Sy>v$u `Ùrs hX¡$ A„Ly$idp„ gphhp_p¡

âeÐ_ L$f¡ R>¡.

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ `fs„Ó Qg_¡ Akf L$fsp„ `qfbmp¡ S>¡hp L¡$

^p¡fZ, rhje, rhjehõsy, Aæepk_y„ dpÂed, rinL$_u AÂep`_ ndsp A_¡

ipmp èp®hfZ_¡ Ap¡mMu iL$pep lsp„. Ap Qgp¡_¡ A„Ly$idp„ gphhp_p¡ âeÐ_

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

4.f.f4.f.f4.f.f4.f.f4.f.f õhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adgõhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adgõhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adgõhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adgõhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adg

`fs„Ó Qg `f Akf L$fsp Qgp¡_¡ Ap¡mMu, S>ê$fu A„Ly$i gphu_¡

k„ip¡ L$ õhs„Ó Qg_p¡ Adg L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ õhs„Ó Qg s\p `fs„Ó Qg

hÃQ¡_p k„b„ _p¡ Aæepk$ L$f¡ R>¡. âep¡N_p l¡sy_¡ A_yê$` õhs„Ó Qg_u

L$npAp¡ lp¡e R>¡. õhs„Ó Qg_p Adg dpV¡$ k„ip¡ L$ l¡sy_¡ A_yê$` ep¡Áe

âL$pf_u `ÙrsAp¡ L¡$ L$pe®¾$d_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$f¡ R>¡.

36

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg_u b¡ L$npAp¡ lsu. S>¡dp„ A¡L$ rhop_

d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d Üpfp AÂep`_ A_¡ buÆ ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs Üpfp

AÂep`_. S>¡_p Adg dpV¡$ âpep¡rNL$ L$pe®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

4.f.34.f.34.f.34.f.34.f.3 `fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_`fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_`fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_`fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_`fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_

âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡ _dp„ k„ip¡ L$ õhs„Ó Qg_u `fs„Ó Qg `f \su

Akf s`pk¡ R>¡. k„ip¡ L$ õhs„Ó Qg gNpX$ep bpv$ ep¡Áe D`L$fZ_u dv$v$\u

`fs„Ó Qg_y„ dp`_ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ õhs„Ó Qg_u Akf s`pk¡ R>¡.

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ `fs„Ó Qgp¡ rhop_ rhjedp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_u rkqÙ,

d_p¡hgZ A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig g¡hpdp„ Aph¡g lsp„.

`.0`.0`.0`.0`.0 âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p

âep¡N dpV¡$ ep¡S>_p A¡ ANÐe_y„ `pky R>¡. âep¡N ep¡S>_p `f\u L$pe®_p¡ kde,

fus, Aph©rÑ A_¡ e\p\®sp _½$u \B iL¡$. Apd âep¡NL$pf dpV¡$ âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p A¡

kdN° âep¡N_u ågy râÞV$ R>¡. L$ep âL$pf_u ep¡S>_p `k„v$ L$fhu s¡ âep¡N_p l¡syAp¡ `f

Ap^pqfs R>¡.

`.1`.1`.1`.1`.1 `|h® âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p`|h® âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p`|h® âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p`|h® âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p`|h® âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p

Ap ep¡S>_pdp„, blpf_p Qgp¡ `f rbgLy$g _rl A\hp _l]hs dpÓpdp„

A„Ly$i lp¡e R>¡. âep¡N_u Ap„sqfL$ âdpZc|ssp_¡ Å¡Mdph¡ s¡hp `qfbmp¡ `f

A„Ly$i fpMhpdp„ Ap ep¡S>_pAp¡ r_óam Åe R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_pdp„ âpep¡rNL$

ep¡S>_p_p L¡$V$gpL$ R|>V$p„ R|>V$p„ sÐhp¡ lp¡hp\u |h® âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe

R>¡. S>¡_p âL$pf Ap dyS>b NZphu iL$pe.

(1) A¡L$ S|>\ Aæepk (f) A¡L$ S|>\ |h® L$kp¡V$u - DÑf L$kp¡V$u

ep¡S>_p (3) S>¡d_p s¡d b¡ S|>\ ep¡S>_p.

`.f`.f`.f`.f`.f A„is: âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pA„is: âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pA„is: âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pA„is: âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pA„is: âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p

Ap ep¡S>_pdp„ âep¡N_u Ap„sqfL$ âdpZc|ssp_¡ Å¡Mdph¡ s¡hp„ L¡$V$gpL$

`qfbmp¡ `f A„Ly$i d¡mhhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. |h®N°lp¡_p Dv¹$Nd `f |fp¡ L$pb| _

37

d¡mhpsp¡ lp¡e Ap ep¡S>_p |Z® âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p S>¡V$gu NyZhÑphpmu lp¡su

_\u. `f„sy |h® âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p L$fsp„ h y kpfu NZhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_p

âL$pf Ap dyS>b NZphu iL$pe.

(1) Akdp_ r_ed_ S|>\ |h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p

(f) k„syqgs S|>\p¡_u ep¡S>_p (3) kdî¡rZL$ ep¡S>_p

`.3`.3`.3`.3`.3 iyÙ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_piyÙ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_piyÙ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_piyÙ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_piyÙ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p

Ap ep¡S>_pdp„ âep¡N_u Ap„sqfL$ âdpZc|ssp_¡ Akf L$fsp `qfbmp¡_¡

A„Ly$idp„ fpMhp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ep¡S>_p_u S>ê$qfeps âdpZ¡

Qp¡½$kpB_p¡ ApN°l fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$p¡B `Z âL$pf_y„ kdp^p_ õhuL$pfpsy„

_\u. ep¡S>_p_p b^p âL$pfp¡dp„ Ap ep¡S>_p DÑd R>¡. S>¡_p âL$pf Ap dyS>b

NZphu iL$pe.

(1) b¡ S|>\ ApL$[õdL$ `pÓp¡ dpÓ DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p.

(f) b¡ S|>\ ApL$[õdL$ Å¡X$L$p `pÓp¡ dpÓ DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p.

(3) b¡ ApL$[õdL©$s S|>\p¡ |h® L$kp¡V$u DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p.

(4) kp¡gp¡d_ ApL$[õdL©$s Qpf S|>\ ep¡S>_p.

(`) ApherhL$ ep¡S>_p

`.4`.4`.4`.4`.4 âõsys k„ip¡^__p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâõsys k„ip¡^__p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâõsys k„ip¡^__p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâõsys k„ip¡^__p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_pâõsys k„ip¡^__p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg (AÂep`_ `Ùrs) _u `fs„Ó Qg (rkqÙ)

`f Akf s`pkhp_u lsu. Ap dpV¡$ b¡ Mp_Nu ipmpdp„\u ApL$[õdL$uL$fZ \u A¡L$

ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ dpV¡$ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>epf¡ buÆ Mp_Nu ipmp_¡

r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. s¡hu S> fus¡ b¡ kfL$pfu ipmpdp„\u ApL$[õdL$uL$fZ\u

A¡L$ kfL$pfu ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ dpV¡$ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu, S>epf¡ buÆ kfL$pfu

ipmp_¡ r_e„rÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g Qpf¡e ipmpdp„ âep¡N_p¡ Adg L$fsp `l¡gp |h® rkqÙ

L$kp¡V$u Üpfp |h® rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy. âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ Qpf¡e

ipmp_u DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp DÑf rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

38

Apd, âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ âep¡rNL$ ep¡S>_p ¥L$u b¡ ApL$qõdL$ S|>\p¡ |h®L$kp¡V$u,

DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. Ap ep¡S>_p_y„ õhê$` Ap dyS>b_y„ lsy„.

b¡ ApL$[õdL$ S|>\p¡, `|h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_pb¡ ApL$[õdL$ S|>\p¡, `|h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_pb¡ ApL$[õdL$ S|>\p¡, `|h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_pb¡ ApL$[õdL$ S|>\p¡, `|h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_pb¡ ApL$[õdL$ S|>\p¡, `|h® L$kp¡V$u -DÑf L$kp¡V$u ep¡S>_p

S|>\ S|>\ S|>\ S|>\ S|>\ `|h® L$kp¡V$u`|h® L$kp¡V$u`|h® L$kp¡V$u`|h® L$kp¡V$u`|h® L$kp¡V$u õhs„Ó Qgõhs„Ó Qgõhs„Ó Qgõhs„Ó Qgõhs„Ó Qg DÑf L$kp¡V$uDÑf L$kp¡V$uDÑf L$kp¡V$uDÑf L$kp¡V$uDÑf L$kp¡V$u DÐL $ë`_pDÐL$ë`_pDÐL$ë`_pDÐL$ë`_pDÐL$ë`_p

(dphS>s)(dphS>s)(dphS>s)(dphS>s)(dphS>s)

âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ |h® rkqÙ rhop_d„X$m_p DÑf rkqÙ

(E) L$kp¡V$u dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d L$kp¡V$u H1:T2E>T2C

(T1E) Üpfp AÂep`_ (T2E)

r_e„qÓs S|>\ |h® rkqÙ ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs DÑf rkqÙ HO:T2E=T2C

(C) L$kp¡V$u Üpfp AÂep`_ L$kp¡V$u

(T1C) (T2C)

6.06.06.06.06.0 rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_prhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_prhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_prhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_prhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg AÂee_-AÂep`_ `Ùrs lsu. S>¡_u b¡ L$npAp¡

lsu.

(1) rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d Üpfp AÂep`_

(f) ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs Üpfp AÂep`_

AÂee_-AÂep`_ dpV¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsu.

6.16.16.16.16.1 rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p_p kp¡`p_p¡rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p_p kp¡`p_p¡rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p_p kp¡`p_p¡rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p_p kp¡`p_p¡rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p_p kp¡`p_p¡

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u k„fQ_p dpV¡$ âep¡S>L$ _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡g kp¡ p_p¡_¡

A_ykep® lsp.

kp¡ p_ : 1 rhop_d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepk.

kp¡ p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p¡_u `k„v$Nu

kp¡ p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p âp\rdL$ õh—ê$`_u fQ_p.

39

kp¡ p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u kdunp A_¡

qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_p.

kp¡ p_ : ` rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y„ |h£nZ A_¡ A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p.

kp¡`p_ : 1kp¡`p_ : 1kp¡`p_ : 1kp¡`p_ : 1kp¡`p_ : 1 rhop_ d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepkrhop_ d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepkrhop_ d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepkrhop_ d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepkrhop_ d„X$m_¡ gNsp kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepk

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m rhi¡ A_¡ rhop_d„X$mdp„ kdprhô$ L$fu iL$pe s¡hu

âh©rÑAp¡, âep¡Np¡ A_¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$p¡ rhi¡ dprlsu d¡mhhp dpV¡$ _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gp yõsL$p¡,

d¡N¡qT_p¡ A_¡ c]s „Óp¡_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ lsp¡.

(1) rhop_ ÅN©rs : dprkL$ c]s`Ó

âL$piL$ : Ap¡. h¡. i¡W$ âpv¡$riL$ gp¡L$ rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ,

fpS>L$p¡V$.

(f) kapfu : dprkL$

âL$piL$ : lj®g `[ågL¡$iÞk, Adv$phpv$.

(3) rhop__u kaf : g¡ML$ : X$pµ. cÖpey hR>fpÅ_u

âL$piL$ : A¡d. X$u. dl¡sp rS>‰p rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ

°p¡g - (rS>. Åd_Nf)

(4) rhop_v$i®_ : g¡ML$ : b¡ÞÅrd_ kyhprs®L$

âL$piL$ : N|S>®f N°„\fÐ_ L$pep®ge, Adv$phpv$.

(`) rhop_su\® : g¡ML$ : X$pµ. qL$ip¡f „X$ep

âL$piL$ : N|S>®f N°„\fÐ_ L$pep®ge, Adv$phpv$.

(6) kpeÞk [¼hT : g¡ML$ : X$pµ. fd¡iQ„Ö cpepZu

âL$piL$ : âhuZ yõsL$ c„X$pf, fpS>L$p¡V$.

(7) rhop__p Åvy$B °ep¡Np¡ :g¡ML$ : âcygpg v$p¡iu

âL$piL$ : _hcpfs kprlÐe d„qv$f, Adv$phpv$.

(8) rhop_ h¥ch : g¡ML$ : âcygpg v$p¡iu

âL$piL$ : _hcpfs kprlÐe d„qv$f, Adv$phpv$.

(9) v¡$i rhv¡$i_p h¥opr_L$p¡ : g¡ML$ : kyf¡i ipl

âL$piL$ : _h_us `[ågL¡$iÞk rg., Adv$phpv.$

40

(10) sd¡ Ås¡ L$fu S|>Ap¡ rhop__p 100 kfm âep¡Np¡ :

g¡ML$ : NVy$cpB Qp¡L$ku

âL$piL$ : Apf.Apf. i¡W$_u L„$`_u, dy„bB.

(11) Encyclopedia of Science Experiments :

Quaterly News letter

Published by : Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. - New Delhi

(12) A World of Science :

Quaterly News letter

Published by : UNESCO, New Delhi.

(13) Activity Books on General Science (Std. 5 to 7)

Quaterly Letter

Published by : Navneet Publication Limited - Dantali

(14) Fun from Science

Quaterly News Letter

Published by : SURA College of Compition - Madras.

âep¡S>L¡ rhop_d„X$m rhi¡ dprlsu d¡mhhp dpV¡$ âpv¡$riL$ gp¡L$ rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ,

fpS>L$p¡V$_u dygpL$ps guû lsu. Ap gp¡L$ rhop_ L¡$ÞÖdp„ _uQ¡ dyS>b_u âh©qÑAp¡ L$fhpdp„

Aphsu lsu.

(1) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖdp„ rhop__p rhrh^ hqL¯$N dp¡X$gp¡ A_¡ QpV®$_y„ L$pedu âv$i®_

Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aphs„y lsy„.

(f) âp\rdL$ ipmp A_¡ dpÂerdL$ ipmp_p bpmL$p¡ dpV¡$ rhop_ kaf_p L$pe®¾$d_y„

Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphs„y lsy„. S>¡dp„ S>¡-s¡ ^p¡fZ_p Aæepk¾$d k„b„r^s

âep¡Np¡_y„ r_v$i®_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„. s¡dS> L¡$V$gpL$ âep¡Np¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ Ås¡

`Z L$fhp dpV¡$ Ap`hpdp„ Aphsp„ lsp„.

(3) rhop_dp„ fk A_¡ ê$rQ ^fphsp bpmL$p¡ dpV¡$ kÞX¡$ kpeÞk õL|$g Qgphhpdp„

Aphsu lsu.

(4) k|e®N°lZ A_¡ Q„ÖN°lZ S>¡hu AhL$piue OV$_p v$frdep_ ApL$pi v$i®__p

L$pe®¾$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„.

41

(`) kdpS>dp„ ìep ¡gu A„ îÙpAp¡_p„ r_hpfZ L$fhp dpV¡$_p L$pe®¾$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_

L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„.

(6) L$p¡B`Z hõsy_u Mfuv$udp„ N°plL$p¡_u \su R>¡sf`]X$u s¡dS> MpÛ `v$p\p£dp„ \su

c¡mk¡m rhi¡ dprlsu Ap`sp gp¡L$ÅN©rs_p L$pe®¾$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„

lsy„.

(7) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ Üpfp fpS>eL$np L¡$ fpô²$ueL$np_p rhop_d¡mp_p Apep¡S>_ \sp

lsp.

(8) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ Üpfp rhop__¡ gNsp d¡N¡qT_, yõsL$p¡ A_¡ ku.X$u. ^fphsu

AÛs_ gpeb°¡fu_y„ k„Qpg_ \sy„ lsy„.

(9) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ Üpfp rhop__¡ gNsp yõsL$p¡, kpdreL$p¡, c]s`Óp¡_y„ âL$pi_

\sy„ ls„y s¡dS> h¢QpZ `Z \s„y lsy„.

(10) kpeÞk L$huT_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy lsy„.

(11) fpóV²$ueL$np_p h¥opr_L$p¡_p hL$sìep¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„.

(1f) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ Üpfp rhop_ k„b„r^s qaëdp¡_p rh_p d|ëe ip¡ Np¡W$hhpdp„

Aphsp lsp.

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m Qgphsu ipmpAp¡ A_¡ s¡_p rhop_d„X$m_u dygpL$ps

gB_¡ rhop_d„X$m_u âh©rÑAp¡ rhi¡ dprlsu d¡mh¡g lsu. Ap dpV¡$ âep¡S>L¡$,

(1) _Nf âp\rdL$ rinZ krdrs k„Qprgs ipmp _„. f, L$fZ`fp Qp¡L$, fpS>L$p¡V$

(f) îu khp£v$e âpedfu õL|$g, ù.X$u.A¡d. L$p¡g¡S> L¡$ç`k, fpS>L$p¡V$

Ap ipmpAp¡dp„ Qpgsp rhop_d„X$mp¡ Üpfp _uQ¡ v$ip®ìep dyS>b_u âh©rÑAp¡

\su lsu.

(1) rhop_ rhjedp„ kdprhô$ L¡$V$gpL$ âep¡Np¡_y„ r_v$i®_ Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aphs„y lsy„.

(f) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` hqL¯$N dp¡X¡$gp¡ A_¡ QpV®$_y„ r_dp®Z L$fsp„

lsp„.

(3) rhop_d„X$m_p kæep¡ âp\®_p kcpdp„ rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhi¡j hp„Q_

fS|> L$fsp lsp.

42

(4) ipmp L$npA¡ kpeÞk L$huT_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„.

(`) ipmp_p byg¡V$u_ bp¡X®$ `f rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ dprlsu fS|> L$fsp„

lsp„.

(6) ipmpdp„ rhop_ âv$i®__y„ Apep¡S>_ \sy„ lsy„.

(7) il¡fdp„ ep¡Åsp rhop_d¡mpdp„ cpN g¡sp lsp A\hp dygpL$ps_y„ Apep¡S>_

L$fsp„ lsp„.

(8) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` hL©$Ðh õ`^p®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„.

kp¡`p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p ¡_u `k„v$Nukp¡`p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p ¡_u `k„v$Nukp¡`p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p ¡_u `k„v$Nukp¡`p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p ¡_u `k„v$Nukp¡`p_ : f rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p ¡_u `k„v$Nu

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_¡ gNsp k„v$c® kprlÐe_p¡ Nl_ Aæepk L$fu_¡ s¡dS>

_uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gp sS>op¡ `pk¡\u dpN®v$i®_ d¡mhu_¡, rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p¡_u `k„v$Nu

L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

rhop_d„X$m_p rhrh^ OV$L$p¡_u `k„v$Nu dpV¡$_p dpN®v$i®L$ sS>op¡_u epv$u

¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d sS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pd lp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pd

1. X$pµ. qv$_¡iQ„Ö DQpV$ r_h©s AÂen A_¡ âp¡a¡kf, rinZip÷ ch_,

kp¥fpô$² eyr_., fpS>L$p¡V$.

f. X$pµ. A¡Q. Ap¡. Å¡ju AÂen A_¡ âp¡a¡kf, rinZip÷ ch_, kp¥fpô²$

eyr_., fpS>L$p¡V$.

3. X$pµ. fd¡icpB cpepZu Q¡fd¡_îu, gp¡L$ rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ, fpS>L$p¡V$.

4. X$pµ. k„qv$`cpB O¡qV$ep âpÂep`L$, ù.X$u.A¡d. bu.A¡X$¹. L$p¡g¡S>, fpS>L$p¡V$.

`. X$pµ. A¡g. S>¡. yfp¡rls âpÂep`L$, rS>‰p rinZ A_¡ spgud ch_,

fpS>L$p¡V$.

6. X$pµ. lf¡icpB cyV$L$ d. rinL$, îu fd¡icpB R>pep Nëk® lpBõL|$g,

fpS>L$p¡V$.

7. îu k„S>ecpB dl¡sp d. rinL$, îu dOfhpX$p âp\rdL$ ipmp, dOfhpX$p,

sp. rS>. fpS>L$p¡V$.

43

rhop_d„X$m dpV¡$ `k„v$ \e¡g OV$L$p¡_u epv$u _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡.

(1) âh©rÑ Üpfp rhop__y„ rinZ dm¡.

(f) Aæepk¾$d_¡ A_yê$` rhÛp\}Ap¡ Ås¡ âep¡N L$f¡.

(3) rhÛp\}Ap¡ s¡_u L$np_¡ A_yê$` rhop__¡ gNsp rhrh^ _d|_pAp¡_p¡ k„N°l L$f¡.

(4) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop__¡ gNsu k„õ\pAp¡_u dygpL$ps g¡.

(`) rhÛp\}Ap¡dp„ rhop_ âÐe¡ fk A_¡ ê$rQ h ¡ s¡hu klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡_y„

ipmpdp„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡.

(6) ipmpdp„ rhop__¡ gNsp„ âv$i®_p¡ Np¡W$hhp A\hp rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ Aphp âv$i®_p¡_u

dygpL$ps¡ gB S>hp.

(7) rhop__u âh©rÑ A_¡ âep¡Np¡ Üpfp kdpS>dp„ âhs®su A„ îÙp v|$f \pe s¡hp

âeÐ_p¡ L$fhp.

(8) ipmpdp„ sS>op¡_u dygpL$ps A_¡ k¡rd_pf Np¡W$hhp.

kp¡`p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : 3 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p :

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p `k„v$ \e¡g OV$L$p¡_p Ap^pf¡ âp\rdL$ ipmp L$np dpV¡$

rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y„ âp\rdL$ õhê$` s¥epf L$f¡g lsy, S>¡ _uQ¡ âdpZ¡ R>¡.

(1) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhÛp\}Ap¡ Ås¡ âep¡N L$f¡.

(f) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rinL$ âep¡N A\hp _d|_p_y„ r_v$i®_ ipmpdp„ Np¡W$h¡.

(3) ipmpdp„ h¥opr_L$p¡_p S>Þdqv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhu.

(4) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` hL$s©Ðh õ`^p®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(`) âp\®_pkcpdp„ rhop__y„ rhi¡j hp„Q_ fS|> L$fhy„.

(6) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` QpV®$_y„ r_dp®Z L$f¡.

(7) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ dp¡X$gp¡_y„ r_dp®Z L$f¡.

(8) ipmp L$npA¡ kpeÞk L$huT_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(9) âp\®_p kcpdp„ rhop__p Åvy$B âep¡Np¡ fS|> L$fhp.

(10) ipmpdp„ byg¡V$u_ bp¡X®$ `f rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ dprlsu fS|> L$fhu.

44

(11) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhjehõsy_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ hõsy, _d|_p, `v$p\p£ hN¡f¡_p¡

k„N°l L$f¡.

(1f) ipmpdp„ rhop_ n¡Ó_p sS>op¡_p hL$sìep¡ A_¡ dpN®v$i®_ rirbf_y„ Apep¡S>_

L$fhy„.

(13) ipmpdp„ rhop_ âv$i®__y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(14) ipmpdp„ rhop_ yõsL$p¡_y„ âv$i®_ Np¡W$hhy„.

(1`) A„ îÙp r_hpfZ S>¡hp L$pe®¾$dp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(16) rhop_ d¡mp_u dygpL$ps g¡hu A\hp Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(17) DÃQÑf dpÂerdL$ ipmp_u âep¡Nipmp_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(18) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(19) àg¡_¡V$p¡qfed_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(f0) kpebf L$pa¡_u dygpL$ps Üpfp BÞV$f_¡V$_p¡ `qfQe d¡mh¡.

(f1) ApL$piv$i®__p L$pe®¾$d_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

kp¡`p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u kdunp A_¡ qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_pkp¡`p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u kdunp A_¡ qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_pkp¡`p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u kdunp A_¡ qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_pkp¡`p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u kdunp A_¡ qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_pkp¡`p_ : 4 rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u kdunp A_¡ qÜsue õhê$`_u fQ_p

âep¡S>L¡$ kp¥ â\d rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u fQ_p L$f¡gu

lsu. Ap s¥epf L$f¡g L$pe®¾$d_¡ rhje r_óZp„sp¡_¡ QL$pkhp dpV¡$ Apù_¡, rhop_d„X$m_p

L$pe®¾$d_p âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u kdunp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

L$pe®¾$d_p âp\rdL$ õhê$`_u kdunp L$fhp dpV¡$ `k„v$ L$f¡g sS>op¡_u epv$u

¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d sS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pdsS>o_y „ _pd lp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pdlp¡Øp¡ A_¡ k„õ\p_y„ _pd

1. X$pµ. qv$_¡iQ„Ö DQpV$ r_h©s AÂen A_¡ âp¡a¡kf, rinZip÷ ch_,

kp¥fpô$² eyr_., fpS>L$p¡V$.

f. X$pµ. A¡Q. Ap¡. Å¡ju AÂen A_¡ âp¡a¡kf, rinZip÷ ch_, kp¥fpô²$

eyr_., fpS>L$p¡V$.

3. X$pµ. fd¡icpB cpepZu Q¡fd¡_îu, gp¡L$ rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ, fpS>L$p¡V$.

4. X$pµ. k„qv$`cpB O¡qV$ep âpÂep`L$, ù.X$u.A¡d. bu.A¡X$¹. L$p¡g¡S>, fpS>L$p¡V$.

45

`. X$pµ. A¡g. S>¡. yfp¡rls âpÂep`L$, rS>‰p rinZ A_¡ spgud ch_,

fpS>L$p¡V$.

6. X$pµ. lf¡icpB cyV$L$ d. rinL,$ îu fd¡icpB R>pep Nëk® lpBõL|$g,

fpS>L$p¡V$.

7. îu k„S>ecpB dl¡sp d. rinL$, îu dOfhpX$p âp. ipmp, dOfhpX$p,

sp. rS>. fpS>L$p¡V$.

sS>op¡A¡ rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$ddp„ _uQ¡_p S>¡hu °h©rsAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i L$fhp

k|Q_ L$f¡g lsy„. S>¡ kyQh¡g âh©rÑAp¡_¡ âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âh©rÑ sfuL¡$

õhuL$pf L$f¡g lsp¡.

(1) ipmp `pk¡ bNuQp¡, dpR>guOf L¡$ k„N°plpge lp¡e sp¡ s¡_u ÅmhZu L$fhu.

(f) rhop_ rhjeL$ n¡Ó è®V$__y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

Ap D`fp„s sS¹>op¡A¡ rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_u âh©rÑAp¡_¡ dy¿e b¡ cpNdp„

hN}L©$s L$fhp dy¿e k|Q_ L$f¡g lsy„.

(A) i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡ (b) kl AæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡

âep¡S>L¡$ sS>op¡_p k|Q_ A_¡ dpN®v$i®L$îu_p dpN®v$i®__p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_u

sdpd âh©rÑAp¡_¡ dy¿e b¡ cpNdp„ hN}L©$s L$fu_¡ rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y„ qÜsue

õhê$` s¥epf L$f¡g lsy„. S>¡ _uQ¡ âdpZ¡ R>¡.

rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y „ qÜsue õhê$`rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y „ qÜsue õhê$`rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y „ qÜsue õhê$`rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y „ qÜsue õhê$`rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y „ qÜsue õhê$`

(A)(A)(A)(A)(A) i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡

(1) rhop_ rhjehõsy_¡ A_yê$` rhÛp\}Ap¡ Ås¡ âep¡N L$f¡.

(f) rhop_ rhjehõsy_¡ A_yê$` rinL$ âep¡N A\hp _d|_pAp¡_y„ r_v$i®_

Np¡W$h¡.

(3) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhjehõsy_¡ A_yê$` QpV®$_y„ r_dp®Z L$f¡.

(4) rhÛp\}Ap¡ rhop_ rhjehõsy_¡ A_yê$` dp¡X$gp¡_y„ r_dp®Z L$f¡.

46

(b)(b)(b)(b)(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡

(1) ipmpdp„ h¥opr_L$p¡_p S>Þdqv$hk_u DS>hZu L$fhu.

(f) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` hL$$s©Ðh õ`^p®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(3) âp\®_pkcpdp„ rhop__y„ rhi¡j hp„Q_ fS|> L$fhy„.

(4) ipmp L$npA¡ kpeÞk L$huT_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(`) âp\®_pkcpdp„ rhop__p Åvy$B âep¡Np¡ fS|> L$fhp.

(6) ipmpdp„ byg¡V$u_ bp¡X®$ `f rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ dprlsu fS|> L$fhu.

(7) rhop_ rhje_¡ A_yê$` rhrh^ hõsy, _d|_p, `v$p\p£ hN¡f¡_p¡ k„N°l L$fhp¡.

(8) ipmpdp„ sS>op¡_p hL$sìe A_¡ dpN®v$i®_ riqbf_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(9) ipmpdp„ rhop_ âv$i®__y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(10) ipmpdp„ rhop_ yõsL$p¡_y„ âv$i®_ Np¡W$hhy„.

(11) A„ îÙp r_hpfZ S>¡hp L$pe®¾$d_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(1f) rhop_d¡mp_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(13) DÃQsf dpÂerdL$ ipmp_u âep¡Nipmp_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(14) gp¡L$rhop_ L¡$ÞÖ_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(1`) àg¡_¡V$p¡qfed_u dygpL$ps g¡hu.

(16) kpebf L$pa¡_u dygpL$ps Üpfp BÞV$f_¡V$_p¡ `qfQe d¡mhhp¡.

(17) ApL$piv$i®__p„ L$pe®¾$d_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

(18) ipmp `pk¡ bNuQp¡, dpR>guOf L¡$ k„N°lpge lp¡e sp¡ s¡_u ÅmhZu L$fhu.

(19) rhop_ rhjeL$ n¡Ó è®V$__y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy„.

kp¡`p_ : ` `|h£nZ A_¡ L$pe®¾$d_p A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : ` `|h£nZ A_¡ L$pe®¾$d_p A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : ` `|h£nZ A_¡ L$pe®¾$d_p A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : ` `|h£nZ A_¡ L$pe®¾$d_p A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p :kp¡`p_ : ` `|h£nZ A_¡ L$pe®¾$d_p A„rsd õhê$`_u fQ_p :

qÜsue õhê$`_p rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_y„ âep¡S>L$ Üpfp |h£nZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsy „. Ap L$pe®¾$d_y „ `|h£nZ L$fhp dpV¡ $ kpsdp ^p¡fZ_p rhop_ rhje_y„

47

âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó) _y„ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_ s¥epf

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. s¡_u kp\¡ rhop_ rhjeL$ kl AæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡_y„ `Z

Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Ap L$pe®¾$d_y„ |h£nZ AëV²$p âpedfu õL|$g, fpS>L$p¡V$dp„

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. s¡_y„ AdguL$fZ _uQ¡ âdpZ¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

(A)(A)(A)(A)(A) i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡

âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)âL$fZ : 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)

qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_

hpfhpfhpfhpfhpf

1 f0/11/06 · âpõsprhL$

kp¡dhpf · ê$r^f_p b„ pfZ_u kdS|>su

f f1/11/06 · ê$r^f_u õgpBX$ b_phhp_u fus_y„ r_v$i®_

d„Nmhpf · ê$r^f_u õgpBX$ bsphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

3 ff/11/06 · ê$r^f_p L$pep£_u kdS|>su

by hpf

4 f3/11/06 · ùv$e_u fQ_p rhi¡ kdS|>su

Nyê$hpf

` f4/11/06 · ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u NZsfu L$fhp_p âep¡N_y„

iy¾$hpf r_v$i®_ L$fu_¡ kdS|>su Ap`hpdp„ Aphu.

6 f`/11/06 · rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u NZsfu Ås¡

ir_hpf âep¡N L$fu_¡ QL$pk¡g lsu.

7 f7/11/06 · ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó_u A¡_ud¡i_ ku.X$u. bsphhpdp„

kp¡dhpf Aphu lsu.

48

(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡(b) klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡

qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk qv$hk spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ spfuM A_¡ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_

hpfhpfhpfhpfhpf

1 f8/11/06 · hL$s©Ðh õ`^p®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

d„Nmhpf rhje : fL$sv$p_ dlpv$p_

f f9/11/06 · ê$r^f S|>\ A_¡ ê$r^f_u Dèp¡rNsp rhi¡ dprlsu

by hpf Ap`sp X$pµ. fpÆh bp¡OpZu (bp¡OpZu L$rgr_L$)

_p¡ k¡rd_pf Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp¡.

3 30/11/06 · lp¡[õ`V$g_u dygpL$ps Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aphu lsu.

Nyê$hpf (`pð® `p¡rgL¹$rgr_L$, Q„Ö¡i_Nf d¡B_ fp¡X$,

fpS>L$p¡V$.)

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p qÜsue õhê$ _p L$pe®¾$d_p |h£nZ bpv$ _uQ¡_u bpbsp¡_¡

L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ v$frdep_ Âep_dp„ fpMhp _p¢ L$f¡g lsu.

(1) rinL¡$ âep¡N_y„ r_v$i®_ hN®M„X$dp„ L$fhp_p bv$g¡ âep¡NM„X$dp„ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡.

(f) rhÛp\}Ap¡ Ås¡ âep¡N L$fsp lp¡e Ðepf¡ dpN®v$i®L$ rinL¡$ AQ|L$ lpS>f fl¡hy„.

(3) ipmpdp„ sS>o ìeqL$s_p¡ k¡qd_pf Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ s¡d_¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_u

L$np\u dprlsNpf L$fhp Å¡BA¡.

(4) rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ L$p¡B `Z õ\m¡ dygpL$ps¡ gB S>hp_p lp¡e Ðepf¡ dygpL$ps dpV¡$_p¡

kde, dygpL$ps_p õ\m_u ìehõ\p A_¡ MQ® A„N¡ ANpD\u dprlsu d¡mhu

g¡hu Å¡BA¡.

âep¡S>L¡$ qÜsue õhê$`_p rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d

sfuL¡$ õhuL$pf L$f¡g lsp¡. Ap D`fp„s âep¡S>L¡$ |h£nZ v$frdep_ L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZdp„

Âep_dp„ fpMhp_u _p¢ _¡ `Z rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p cpN õhê$ ¡ õhuL$pf¡g

lsu. Ap rhop_d„X$m_p¡ dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d `rfriô$-1 dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

49

6.f6.f6.f6.f6.f rhjehõsy_u `k„v$Nurhjehõsy_u `k„v$Nurhjehõsy_u `k„v$Nurhjehõsy_u `k„v$Nurhjehõsy_u `k„v$Nu

âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X¡$g L$pe®¾$d_y„ kpsdp„ ^p¡fZdp„ buÅ kÓdp„ AdguL$fZ

L$fhp_y„ _½$u L$ey® lsy„. s¡\u ipmp_p dpkhpf Aæepk¾$d Apep¡S>__¡ Âep_dp„ fpMu_¡

kpsdp„ ^p¡fZ_p rhop_ rhje_p _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gp A¡L$dp¡ `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp. S>¡

kpfZu 3.f dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

kpfZu 3.fkpfZu 3.fkpfZu 3.fkpfZu 3.fkpfZu 3.f

`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$dp¡`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$dp¡`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$dp¡`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$dp¡`k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp A¡L$dp¡

¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d¾ $d `pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$ A¡L$d_y „ _pdA¡L$d_y „ _pdA¡L$d_y „ _pdA¡L$d_y „ _pdA¡L$d_y „ _pd

âL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$d

1. 04 âL$pi_y„ `fphs®_

f. 0` h¾$ Afukp

3. 1f S>du__u amÖz sp

4. 13 `°v|$jZ

`. 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 (ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó)

6. 06 [õ\f rhÛys

7. 17 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-f (DÐkS>®_ s„Ó, âS>__ s„Ó

A_¡ A„s:÷phu s„Ó)

8. 18 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-3 (Q¡sps„Ó A_ k„h¡v$_pN°plu

A„Np¡)

9. 19 âpZuAp¡dp„ A_yL|$g_

6.36.36.36.36.3 rhjehõsy_y „ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_rhjehõsy_y „ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_rhjehõsy_y „ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_rhjehõsy_y „ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_rhjehõsy_y „ âh©rÑde Apep¡S>_

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u âh©rÑAp¡ A_¡ `k„v$ L$f¡g rhjehõsyAp¡_p

Ap^pf¡ âep¡S>L¡$ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_y„ L$pQy„ õhê$` s¥epf L$f¡g

lsy„. S>¡ `qfriô$-f dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

°ep¡S>L¡$ s¥epf L$f¡gp rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_p L$pQp

õhê$`_¡ rhop__p rhrh^ n¡Óp¡_p sS>op¡_¡ Apù_¡, S>ê$fu QQp® L$fu_¡, L$pQp õhê$`_u

50

kdunp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. sS>op¡_p Arcâpe A_¡ dpN®v$i®L$îu_p k|Q_p¡_¡ Ap^pf¡

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$¡V$gpL$ a¡fapf L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g lsp. S>¡ a¡fapfp¡ kpfZu 3.3 dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

kpfZu 3.3kpfZu 3.3kpfZu 3.3kpfZu 3.3kpfZu 3.3

sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_psS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_psS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_psS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_psS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p

AdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfAdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfAdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfAdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfAdguL$fZ_p L$pQp õhê$`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapf

(A) rhop_ rhjehõsy_u i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡_p„ Apep¡S>_dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

a¡fapf.

¾$d ¾$d ¾$d ¾$d ¾$d `pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$`pW¹ $e`yõsL$ âL$fZ_y „ _pdâL$fZ_y „ _pdâL$fZ_y „ _pdâL$fZ_y „ _pdâL$fZ_y „ _pd sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡sS>oue Arcâpe_p Ap^pf¡

âL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$dâL$fZ ¾$d L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_uL$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_uL$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_uL$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_uL$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_u

âh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfâh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfâh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfâh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfâh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapf

1. 4 âL$pi_y„ `fphs®_ · yd° ¡V$u_y„ r_v$i®_ L$fhy„.

f. ` h¾$ Afukp · brlNp£m Afukp_u kpd¡ dyL¡$g

hõsy_p ârstbb_y„ õ\p_, âL$pf A_¡

L$v$_¡ gNsp¡ âep¡N rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ Ås¡

L$fhp dpV¡$ Ap`hp¡.

3. 1f S>du__u amÖz sp · S>du__u M¡X$ L$fhp\u R>p¡X$_u h©qÙ

kpfu A_¡ TX$`\u \pe R>¡ s¡ s`pkhp

s¥epf L$f¡gp Ly„$X$pAp¡_p¡ Aæepk L$epf¡

L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡ s¡_p¡ D‰¡M L$fhp¡.

· S>du_dp„ Mpsf Dd¡fhp\u R>p¡X$_u

h©qÙ kpfu A_¡ TX$`\u \pe R>¡ s¡

s`pkhp s¥epf L$f¡gp Ly„$X$pAp¡_p¡ Aæepk

L$epf¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡ s¡_p¡ D‰¡M L$fhp¡.

· rhrh^ âL$pf_p Mpsf_p _d|_pAp¡

A_¡ M¡su_p Ap¡Åfp¡_p âv$i®__u kp\¡

rhrh^ âL$pf_u dpV$u_p _d|_pAp¡_p¡

âv$i®_dp„ kdph¡i L$fhp¡.

kpfZu ¾$di:

51

4. 13 âv|$jZ · `pZu_y „ âv|jZ AV$L$phhp_p

D`pep¡_u QQp® L$fhu.

`. 16 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-1 · rhop_n¡Ó_u L$p¡B `Z sS>o

(ê$r^fprckfZs„Ó) ìeqL$s_p bv$g¡ d¡X$uL$g n¡Ó_u sS>o

ìeqL$s_p¡ k¡qd_pf Np¡W$hhp¡.

6. 6 [õ\f rhÛys · L$p¡B S> a¡fapf _l]

7. 17 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-f · A„s:÷phu s„Ó_u kdS|>su Ap`hu.

(DÐkS>®_s„Ó, · `ñ- ¡V$u_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fu_¡

âS>__s„Ó A_¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ _¡ d|„Thsp âñp¡ s¡d_u

A„s:õÓhus„Ó) `pk¡\u dp„Nu_¡ s¡d_p âñp¡_u ep¡Áe

kdS|>su Ap`hu.

8. 18 Ap`Ï„ ifuf-3 · X$p¡L$V$f_¡ ipmp_u dygpL$ps¡ bp¡gphhp

(Q¡sps„Ó A_¡

k„h$¡v$_pN°plu A„Np¡)

9. 19 âpZuAp¡dp„ · rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ `]R>p`p¡\u b_phhp

A_yL|$g_ Ap`hu.

(b) rhop_ rhjehõsy kp\¡ fS|> \_pf kl AæeprkL$ âh©rÑAp¡dp„ L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g a¡fapf.

¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d¾$d klAæeprkL$ âh©rÑklAæeprkL$ âh©rÑklAæeprkL$ âh©rÑklAæeprkL$ âh©rÑklAæeprkL$ âh©rÑ klAæeprkL$$ âh©rÑdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfklAæeprkL$$ âh©rÑdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfklAæeprkL$$ âh©rÑdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfklAæeprkL$$ âh©rÑdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapfklAæeprkL$$ âh©rÑdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g a¡fapf

1. i¥nrZL$ dygpL$ps · rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ `pZu_p iyqÙL$fZ àgpÞV$_u

dygpL$ps¡ gB S>hp.

· rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ lp¡[õ`V$g_u dygpL$ps¡ gB S>hp.

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_p„ L$pQp õhê$`dp„ a¡fapf L$fu_¡

L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ_y„ A„rsd õhê$` s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„ S>¡ `qfrióV$-3 dp„

v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

kpfZu 3.3 Qpgy...

52

7.07.07.07.07.0 D`L$fZp¡_u fQ_pD`L$fZp¡_u fQ_pD`L$fZp¡_u fQ_pD`L$fZp¡_u fQ_pD`L$fZp¡_u fQ_p

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u `fs„Ó Qg

(1) rhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ (f) d_p¡hgZ A_¡ (3) âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig `f \su Akf

dp`hpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap Akf dp`hp dpV$¡ _uQ¡_p D`L$fZp¡_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡

lsp¡.

7.17.17.17.17.1 rhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_p D`L$fZ_u k„fQ_prhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_p D`L$fZ_u k„fQ_prhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_p D`L$fZ_u k„fQ_prhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_p D`L$fZ_u k„fQ_prhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_p D`L$fZ_u k„fQ_p

rhop_ d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ L$fsp `l¡gp rhÛp\}Ap¡_u

rhop_ rhje_u rkqÙ ÅZhp dpV$¡ |h® rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsu. ^p¡fZ kpsdp„ â\d kÓdp„ |Z® \B Ne¡g rhop__p A¡L$dp¡_p Ap^pf¡

rinL$ frQs |h® rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>¡dp„ bly rhL$ë`

âL$pf_p âñp¡ |R>hpdp„ Aph¡g lsp„. S>¡dp„ Ly$g `Qpk âñp¡ lsp. v$f¡L$ kpQp

S>hpb_p¡ A¡L$ NyZ fpMhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp¡.

rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ rhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ

ÅZhp dpV$¡ DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. kpsdp„ ^p¡fZ_p

buÅ kÓdp„ rhop_ rhje_p S>¡ A¡L$dp¡_p AÂep`_ v$frdep_ rhop_ d„X$m_p

L$pe®¾$d_p¡ Adg L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g s¡ A¡L$dp¡_p Ap^pf¡ rinL$ frQs DÑf rkqÙ

L$kp¡V$u_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>¡dp„ bly rhL$ë` âL$pf_p âñp¡ |R>hpdp„

Aph¡g lsp. S>¡dp„ Ly$g `Qpk âñp¡ lsp. v$f¡L$ kpQp S>hpb_p¡ A¡L$ NyZ

fpMhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp¡.

7.f7.f7.f7.f7.f rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :

õhs„Ó Qg sfuL$¡ rhop_d„X$m_p¡ L$pe®¾$d A¡ rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p

d_p¡hgZ `f Akf L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ _rl s¡ QL$pkhp dpV$¡ L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ

bpv$ rhÛp\}Ap¡_p rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_p d_p¡hgZ_y„ dp`_ dpV$¡ d©Zprg_u

cp¡Npesp (1997) Üpfp fQpe¡g rhop_ d_p¡hgZ dp`v„$X$_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g lsp¡. S>¡ `qfriô-6$dp„ v$ip®h¡g R>¡.

d©Zprg_u cp¡Npesp A¡ 1997 dp„ cph_Nf eyr_hrk®V$udp„ A¡d.A¡X$.

_p Aæepk v$frdep_ k„ip¡ __p cpNê$ ¡ L$gd ârsQpf rkÙp„s Üpfp rhop_

d_p¡hgZ dp`v„$X$_u fQ_p L$fu A_¡ s¡_„y e\p\}L$fZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

53

Ap d_p¡hgZ dp`v„$X$dp„ Ly$g Óuk L$gdp¡ lsu. Ap L$gdp¡dp„\u Ad|L$ L$gdp¡

lL$pfpÐdL$ A_¡ Ad|L$ L$gdp¡ _L$pfpÐdL$ lsu. rhÛp\}Ap¡_p L$gdp¡ âÐe¡_p

ârsQpfp¡_y„ 0 \u 4 âpáp„L$ hX$¡ NyZp„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. _L$pfpÐdL$

rh^p_p¡ dpV$¡ EgV$u fus¡ NyZp„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. S>¡dp„ 30 L$gdp¡ lp¡hp\u

30 x 4 = 1f0 dlÑd âpáp„L$ k„crhs lsp.

7.37.37.37.37.3 âpep¡rNL$ L$p ¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :âpep¡rNL$ L$p ¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :âpep¡rNL$ L$p ¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :âpep¡rNL$ L$p ¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :âpep¡rNL$ L$p ¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$ ¡_y „ D`L$fZ :

õhs„Ó Qg sfuL$¡ rhop_d„X$m_p¡ L$pe®¾$d A¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig `f

Akf L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡ _rl s¡ QL$pkhp dpV$¡ L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ rhÛp\}Ap¡_p

âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_y„ dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.

âep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$¡ âep¡S>L$ Üpfp âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u_u

fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ v$frdep_ S>¡

rhjehõsy_y„ AÂep`_ L$pe® L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g s¡_p Ap^pf¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig

L$kp¡V$uAp¡_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. rhjehõsydp„ kdprhô$ âep¡Np¡dp„\u

ep×qÃR>L$ fus¡ `p„Q âep¡Np¡ `k„v$ L$fu_¡ s¡_p Ap^pf¡ `p„Q âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig

L$kp¡V$u_u fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. S>¡ Ap âdpZ¡ lsu.

âep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u (1) âL$pi_p `fphs®__p r_edp¡_p¡ Aæepk.

âep¡rNL L$p¥ig$ L$kp¡Vu (f) A„sNp£m Afukp hX$¡ fQpsp ârstbbp¡_p¡

Aæepk.

âep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u (3) kÅsue huS>cpfp¡ hÃQ¡ A`pL$j®Z A_¡

rhÅsue huS>cpfp¡ hÃQ¡ ApL$j®Z \pe

R>¡ s¡ kprbs L$fhy„.

âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u (4) ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp NZhp.

âep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u (`) Ap ¡g õgpBX$_p¡ Aæepk L$fhp¡.

Ap âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$uAp¡ `qfriô$-7, 9, 11, 13 A_¡ 1` dp„

v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡gu R>¡. v$f¡L$ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$udp„, Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡g k|Q_p A_¡

Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡gp kp^_p¡_u dv$v$\u rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ Qp¡½$k L$pe® L$fhy„, Ap¡mM Ap`hu,

dp`_ L$fhy„ L$¡ NZ_ L$fhy„ hN¡f¡ S>¡hy„ L$iy„L$ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig v$ip®hhp_y„ lsy„. v$f¡L$

54

âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$udp„ âÐe¡L$ L$pe®_y„ d|ëep„L$_ L$fhp âep¡S>L$ Üpfp d|ëep„L$_ `Ó s¥epf

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. S>¡ d|ëep„L$_ `Óp¡ `qfriô$-8, 10, 1f, 14 A_¡ 16 dp„

v$ip®hhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.

rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig_p dp`_ dpV$¡ v$f¡L$

rhÛp\}Ap¡_y„ `p„Q¡e âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp d|ëep„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. âpep¡rNL$

L$kp¡V$u-1 _p Ly$g NyZ 16, âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$u-f _p Ly$g NyZ 13, âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$u-

3 _p Ly$g NyZ 10, âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$u-4 _p Ly$g NyZ 0`, âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$u-` _p

Ly$g NyZ 06 lsp„. `p„Q¡e L$kp¡V$uAp¡ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig_p dp`_ dpV$¡ lp¡hp\u `p„Q¡e

âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u_p Ly$g `0 NyZdp„\u rhÛp\}A¡ d¡mh¡gp Ly$g NyZ_¡ rhop_

rhje_p âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp„.

8.08.08.08.08.0 âpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ L$pe®_p¡ Adgâpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ L$pe®_p¡ Adgâpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ L$pe®_p¡ Adgâpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ L$pe®_p¡ Adgâpep¡rNL$ k„ip¡^_ L$pe®_p¡ Adg

âep¡N_u kamsp_p¡ Ap^pf s¡_p ìehqõ\s Adg `f lp¡e s¡ õhpcprhL$ R>¡.

Ap\u âõsys Aæepkdp„ âep¡N L$pe®_p¡ Adg L$fsu hMs¡ L$¡V$guL$ L$pmÆAp¡ g¡hpdp„

Aphu lsu.

âõsys k„ip¡ _dp„ õhs„Ó Qg_u `fs„Ó Qg `f \su Akf dp`hp dpV$¡

âep¡N lp\ ^fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp¡.

(1) _d|_pdp„ `k„v$ \e¡gu b¡ Mp_Nu ipmpdp„\u A¡L$ ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ A_¡

buÆ ipmp_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. b„_¡ Mp_Nu ipmp_p

_pd_u rQÌ$uAp¡ b_phu_¡ s¡dp„\u A¡L$ rQÌ$u D`pX$u_¡, `k„v$ \e¡g rQÌ$uhpmu

ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

(f) _d|_pdp„ `k„v$ \e¡gu b¡ kfL$pfu ipmpdp„\u A¡L$ ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ A_¡

buÆ ipmp_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. b„_¡ kfL$pfu ipmpAp¡_p

_pd_u rQÌ$uAp¡ b_phu_¡ s¡dp„\u A¡L$ rQÌ$u D`pX$u_¡, `k„v$ \e¡g rQÌ$u

hpmu ipmp_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

(3) rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ L$fsp `l¡gp b„_¡ âep¡Ndp„ âpep¡rNL$

S|>\ A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\_p `pÓp¡_u rinL$ frQs |h® rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp |h®

rkqÙ_y„ dp` L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. v$f¡L$ âep¡Ndp„ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$

S|>\ A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs R>¡ L$¡ _l] s¡ V$u-L$kp¡V$u Üpfp

55

QL$pkhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. b„_¡ âep¡Ndp„ |h® rkqÙ_p k„v$c®dp„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\

A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs Å¡hp dm¡g _ lsp¡.

(4) âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_u b„_¡ ipmp A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\_u b„_¡ ipmp A¡d Qpf¡e

ipmpdp„ A¡L$ S> rinL$ Üpfp AÂep`_ L$pe® L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

(`) âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_u b„_¡ ipmpdp„ rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d Üpfp AÂep`_

L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. S>epf¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\_u b„_¡ ipmpdp„ ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs

Üpfp AÂep`_ L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. b„_¡ S|>\dp„ A¡L$pÏ„ qv$hk AgN-AgN

`Ùrs\u AÂep`_ L$pe® L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

(6) AÂe¡sp spkdp„ r_erds lpS>fu Ap ¡, s¡ dpV$¡ ApN°l fpMhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡.

(7) rhÛp\}_¡ Ap`sp N©lL$pe®_u QL$pkZu r_erds L$fhpdp„ Aphsu lsu.

(8) âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ rhje hõsy k„b„r^s âep¡Np¡ Ås¡ L$fhp v$¡hpdp„

Aph¡g lsp.

(9) âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ_p bpv$ rinL$ frQs DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp r_e„qÓs

S|>\ A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A¡d b„_¡ S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_u rhop_ rhje_u rkqÙ

dp`hpdp„ Aph¡g lsu.

(10) âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ r_e„qÓs S|>\ A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A¡d b„_¡ S|>\_y„

rhop_ âÐe¡_y„ d_p¡hgZ rhop_ hgZ dp`v„$X$ Üpfp dp`hpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

(11) âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ rinL$ frQs âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$uAp¡ Üpfp r_e„qÓs S|>\

A_¡ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A¡d b„_¡ S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_p âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_y„ dp`_

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

(1f) L$kp¡V$u v$frdep_ L$p¡B AÂe¡sp N¡ffurs _ ApQf¡ s¡ dpV$¡_u ìehõ\p L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g lsu.

âõsys Aæepkdp„ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\dp„ rhop_ d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_p¡ Adg

L$fu_¡ AÂee_-AÂep`_ L$pe® L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. S>epf¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\dp„ ìep¿ep_

`Ùrs\u AÂee_-AÂep`_ L$pe®$ L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Apd, b„_¡ S|>\dp„ A¡L$pÏ„

qv$hk AgN-AgN `Ùrs\u AÂee_-AÂep`_ L$pe® L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

56

9.09.09.09.09.0 dprlsu_y „ A¡L$ÓuL$fZdprlsu_y „ A¡L$ÓuL$fZdprlsu_y „ A¡L$ÓuL$fZdprlsu_y „ A¡L$ÓuL$fZdprlsu_y „ A¡L$ÓuL$fZ

âõsys Aæepkdp„ ÓZ `fs„Ó Qgp¡ (1) rhop_dp„ rkqÙ (f) rhop_ rhje

âÐe¡_y„ d_p¡hgZ A_¡ (3) âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig_p¡ kdph¡i L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsp¡. rhop_

d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d_u AkfL$pfL$sp QL$pkhp, âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ L$fsp„ `l¡gp

âpep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\ A¡d b„_¡ S|>\p¡_u rinL$ frQs |h® rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp

|h® rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Ðepf bpv$ âpep¡rNL$ S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡

rhop_d„X$m_p dp¡X$g L$pe®¾$d Üpfp AÂep`_ A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ ìep¿ep_

`Ùrs Üpfp AÂep`_ L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Ap âpep¡rNL$ dphS>s |Z® \ep `R>u b„_¡

S|>\p¡_u rinL$ frQs DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u Üpfp DÑf rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ sfs S> b„_¡ S|>\p¡_y„ rinL$ frQs âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u

Üpfp âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig dp`hpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. Ap D`fp„s L$pe®¾$d_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ b„_¡

S|>\p¡_y„ rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_y„ d_p¡hgZ d©Zprg_u cp¡Npesp frQs hgZ dp`v„$X$ Üpfp

dp`hpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„.

10.010.010.010.010.0 âpá dprlsu_y „ NyZp„L$_âpá dprlsu_y „ NyZp„L$_âpá dprlsu_y „ NyZp„L$_âpá dprlsu_y „ NyZp„L$_âpá dprlsu_y „ NyZp„L$_

D`LfZp¡ Üpfp dprlsu_y„ A¡L$ÓuL$fZ L$ep® bpv$ NyZp„L$__y„ L$pe® lp\ ^fhpdp„

Apìey„ lsy„.

rhop_ rhjedp„ |h® rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhp dpV$¡ rinL$ frQs |h® qkqÙ L$kp¡V$u

`f `pÓp¡A¡ Ap ¡gp DÑfp¡_y„ NyZp„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy. `pÓp¡A¡ Ap ¡gp DÑfp¡_y„

NyZp„L$_ L$fhp dpV$¡ kpQp DÑfp¡ v$ip®hsy d|ëep„L$_ `Ó s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g ls„y. |h®

rkqÙ L$kp¡V$udp„ `pÓp¡A¡ Ap ¡gp DÑfp¡_y„ NyZp„L$_ d|ëep„L$_ `Ó_p k„v$c®dp„ L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g lsy„. v$f¡L$ âñ_p kpQp DÑf_p¡ A¡L$ NyZ lsp¡. rinL$ frQs |h® rkqÙ

L$kp¡V$u_p dlÑd NyZ `0 lsp. Ap S> fus¡ âep¡N_p AdguL$fZ bpv$ rhop_ rhjedp„

DÑf rkqÙ_y„ dp`_ L$fhp dpV$¡ rinL$ frQs DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u `f `pÓp¡A¡ Ap ¡gp

DÑfp¡_y„ NyZp„L$_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy. `pÓp¡A¡ Ap ¡gp DÑfp¡_y„ NyZp„L$_ L$fhp dpV$¡ kpQp

DÑfp¡ v$ip®hsy„ d|ëep„L$_ `Ó s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsy„. DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$udp„ `pÓp¡A¡

Ap ¡gp DÑfp¡_y„ NyZp„L$_ d|ëep„L$_ `Ó_p k„v$c®dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g ls„y. v$f¡L$ âñ_p

kpQp DÑf_p¡ A¡L$ NyZ lsp¡. rinL$ frQs DÑf rkqÙ L$kp¡V$u_p dlÑd `0 NyZ lsp.

rhop_ rhje âÐe¡_y„ d_p¡hgZ rhop_ hgZ dp`v„$X$ Üpfp dp`hpdp„ Apìey„

lsy„. Ap hgZ dp`v„$X$dp„ Ly$g Óuk L$gdp¡ lsu. Ap âÐe¡L$ L$gd_p¡ ârscph Ap`hp

57

dpV$¡ Ly$g Qpf rhL$ë`p¡ k„ |Z® k„ds, k„ds, sV$õ\, Ak„ds A_¡ k„ |Z® Akd„s lsp.

lL$pfpÐdL$ rh^p_p¡_p S>hpb dpV$¡ k„ |Z® k„ds rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ Qpf NyZ, k„ds

rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ ÓZ NyZ, sV$õ\ rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ b¡ NyZ, Ak„ds rhLë$`

`k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ A¡L$ NyZ A_¡ k„ |Z® Ak„ds rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ i|Þe NyZ Ap`hpdp„

Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>epf¡ _L$pfpÐdL$ rh^p_p¡_p S>hpbdp„ k„ |Z® k„ds rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡

i|Þe NyZ, k„ds rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ A¡L$ NyZ, sV$õ\ rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ b¡

NyZ, Ak„ds rhL$ë` `k„v$ L$f¡ sp¡ ÓZ NyZ A_¡ k„ |Z® Ak„ds rhL$ë` `k„v $L$f¡

sp¡ Qpf NyZ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep„ lsp„.

âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥igp¡_p dp`_ dpV$¡ rinL$ frQs `p„Q âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u_u

fQ_p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. v$f¡L$ L$kp¡V$udp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡g k|Q_p A_¡ Ap`hpdp„

Aph¡g kp^_p¡_u dv$v$\u rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ Qp¡½$k L$pe® L$fhy„, Ap¡mM Ap`hu, dp`_ L$fhy„

L$¡ NZ_ L$fhy„ hN¡f¡ S>¡hy„ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig v$ip®hhp_y„ lsy„. v$f¡L$ âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig L$kp¡V$u

dpV¡$ âÐe¡L$ L$pe®_y„ NyZp„L$_ L$fhp âep¡S>L$ Üpfp d|ëep„L$_ `Ó s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g

lsp. v$f¡L$ âpep¡rNL$ L$kp¡V$udp„ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡g k|Q_p dyS>b rhÛp\}Ap¡ Üpfp L$fhpdp„

Aph¡g âÐe¡L$ L$pe® dpV¡$ d|ëep„L$_ `Ó_p Ap^pf¡ i|Þe A\hp A¡L$ NyZ Ap`hpdp„

Aph¡g lsp„. S>¡ d|ëep„L$_ `Óp¡ `qfriô$-8, 10, 1f, 14 A_¡ 16 dp„ v$ip®hhpdp„

Aph¡g R>¡.

11.011.011.011.011.0 `©\½$fZ ârhr^`©\½$fZ ârhr^`©\½$fZ ârhr^`©\½$fZ ârhr^`©\½$fZ ârhr^

°õsys k„ip¡ _dp„ ìep¿ep_ `Ùrs_u syg_pdp„ rhop_d„X$m_p L$pe®¾$d_p¡ Adg

L$fu_¡ AÂep`__u AkfL$pfL$sp QL$pkhpdp„ Aph¡g lsu. Ap dpV$¡ b¡ âep¡Np¡ lp\

^fhpdp„ Apìep„ lsp„. S>¡dp„ A¡L$ âep¡N Mp_Nu ipmpdp„ A_¡ buÅ¡ âep¡N kfL$pfu

ipmpdp„ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. âpá dprlsu_y„ ©\½$fZ L$fhp dpV$¡ V$u-L$kp¡V$u_p¡ Dèp¡N

L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

©\½$fZ âeyqL$s sfuL$¡ V$u-L$kp¡V$u_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fu_¡ âÐe¡L$ âep¡Ndp„ kdprhô$

âep¡rNL$ S|>\ A_¡ r_e„qÓs S|>\p¡_p `pÓp¡_u (A) rhop_ rhjedp„ rkqÙ (b) d_p¡hgZ

A_¡ (L$) âpep¡rNL$ L$p¥ig_u kfpkfuAp¡ hÃQ¡ kp\®L$ saphs R>¡ L$¡ _rl s¡ _½$u

L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.

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