Japan and china

CULTURE

CHINA

Simplified Chinese: 

中国文化 ;

Are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Xiandai Hany Tongyong Zibiao (List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese) for use in mainland China

Traditional Chinese: 

中國文化 ;

Are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau or in

the Kangxi Dictionary.

CULTURE

JAPAN

Culture of Japan 

Has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to

its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of

Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world

during the Tokugawa shogunate after Japanese missions to Imperia China, until the arrival of "The

Black Ships" and the Meiji period.

RELIGION

CHINA

Religions & Beliefs in China

China has been a multi-religion country since the ancient times. It is well known that

Confucianism is an indigenous religion and is the soul of Chinese culture, which enjoyed popular support among people and even

became the guiding ideology for feudalism society, but it did not develop into a national

belief.

Religions & Beliefs in China

According to a latest survey, 85% of Chinese people have religious beliefs or had some

religious practices and only 15% of them are real atheists. (The real atheists here refer to those who

do not have faith in any religions nor had any activities related to religions or folk customs.) 185 million people believe in Buddhism and 33 million

have faith in Christianity and believes in the existence of God. Only 12 million people are

Taoists, although more than one hundred million have taken part in Taoism activities before. 

Buddhism

Buddha Statues in Yungang Grottoes, Datong

 Chinese Religion Pictures Being brought into China 2,000 years ago, it was

gradually widely accepted by most Chinese people and

developed into three sections, namely the Han,

Tibetan and Southern Buddhism. Buddhism not only brought a different

religion, but also brought a different culture.

Buddha Statues in Yungang Grottoes, Datong

Confucianism

Confucianism, not a real religion, is just an ethical

and philosophical system, which developed

from Confucius’ thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate

common people. It obtained its stable position under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han

Dynasty (202BC-220AD), and became the ideology of

the society in the feudal system since then.

Statue of Confucius

Taoism

Taoism, with more than 1,800 years’ history originated in

the Warring Period and came into being in Eastern

Han Dynasty (25 - 220). Now about 300 Taoist Temples are scattered around China, in which

about 30 thousand Taoists lived in. Around 5 Taoist

schools exist in the country and two main sections are

included in Taoism.

The Immortals Worshipped by Taoism

Islam

Being introduced into China in the 7th century in Tang Dynasty, Islam has more than 1,400 years’

history in the country. Now, Muslims live everywhere, but the highest concentrations are

Ningxia Hui Autonosmous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and even

Qinghai Province. Sunni Islam was the main branch worshipped by almost all the Muslims in

the country.

Christianity in China

As one of the three most popular religions (together with

Islam and Buddhism) in the world, Christianity influences the belief and life of over 30%

of the world’s population. Based on the Old Testament

and New Testament, Christianity is a monotheistic

religion based on belief in Jesus Christ. Originating in the

Middle East, this religion abounded in Europe, and then

gradually migrated to Asia, America, Africa, etc.

RELIGION

JAPAN

Japanese religion

The Japanese religious tradition is made up of several major components, including Shinto,

Japan’s earliest religion, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Christianity has been only a

minor movement in Japan. However, the so-called “new religions” that arose in the

nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a prominent feature of Japanese religious life

today.

Shinto

Shinto, or the “way of the spirits or deities,” began to take form in Japan’s pre-historic period before the sixth century C.E. In this early

phase, Shinto was the religion of a pre-literate society that was organized around the central

social unit of the clan. Shinto deities or kami were seen as permeating the natural

world.

Buddhism

Buddhism arose in India in the

sixth century B.C.E and, after passing through China and Korea, arrived in Japan in the sixth

century C.E. As originally presented by the historical Buddha, Buddhism was a path of

practice that an individual could take up to gain release from suffering. 

Confucianism

Like Buddhism, Confucianism also entered

Japan from Korea and China. The tradition was founded in China by Confucius (551-479 B.C.E),

whose teachings were passed on to posterity by his disciples in the Analects or Sayings of Confucius.

Having lived at a time of political unrest, Confucius tried to lead his world back to peace and stability by

urging people to cultivate virtue.

Christianity and the New Religions

Two other noteworthy components of the Japanese religious tradition are Christianity and the new religions. Christianity entered Japan first in the

sixteenth century, when Catholicism was introduced in 1549. It gained few followers at the time, and the Tokugawa family suppressed Christianity in the

seventeenth century. After the collapse of Tokugawa control and the opening of Japan to the world in the

Meiji period (1868-1914), Christianity was again introduced by Protestant missionaries.

MUSIC

CHINA

Music of China

Dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and

artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as

the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BCE - 256 BCE). The earliest music of the Zhou Dynasty recorded in ancient Chinese

texts includes the ritual music called yayue and each piece may be

associated with a dance.

MUSIC

JAPAN

Music of Japan

This includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles

both traditional, and modern. The word for music in Japanese is, as is

the rest of the sinosphere, 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji  音

"on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment)

VISUAL ARTS

CHINA

Chinese artEncompasses all facets

of fine art, folk art and performance art. Porcelain pottery was one of the first

forms of art in the Palaeolithic period. Early Chinese music

and poetry was influenced by the Book

of Songs, and the Chinese poet and

statesman Qu Yuan.

Covered red jar with dragon 

and sea design from the Jiajing period in the Ming

dynasty.

VISUAL ARTS

JAPAN

Japanese Painting

Painting has been an art in Japan for a very

long time: the brush is a traditional writing

and painting tool, and the extension of that

to its use as an artist's tool was probably

natural.

The Great Wave at Kanagawa

by Hokusai.

Japanese Calligraphy

The flowing, brush-drawn Japanese rendering of text itself is seen as a traditional art form as well as a means of conveying written

information. The written work can consist of

phrases, poems, stories, or even single

characters. 

Inscription on the halo of the statue of the Medicine Buddha, 

Hōryū-ji TempleWritten in the 7th century

SculptureTraditional Japanese

sculptures mainly consisted

of Buddhist images, such asTathagata, Bodhisattva, and Myō-ō. The oldest sculpture in Japan is a

wooden statue of Amitābha at

the Zenkō-ji temple. In the Nara period, Buddhist

statues were made by the national government

to boost its prestige.

Guardian in Todaiji, Nara.

Ukiyo-eUkiyo-e, literally

"pictures of the floating world", is a genre of woodblock

prints that exemplifies the

characteristics of pre-Meiji Japanese

art.

"Shōki zu"by:

 Okumura Masanobu, 1741-1751.

-An example of pillar print

format, 69.2 x 10.1 cm.

Performing arts

The four traditional theatres from Japan

are noh (or nō),

kyōgen, kabuki, and bunraku. Noh had its origins in the union of

the sarugaku, with music and dance

made by Kanami and Zeam

Motokiyo.

Noh play at

traditional Noh theatre.

CUISINE

CHINA

Chinese cuisine

It includes styles originating from the

diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world. The history of Chinese cuisine in China

stretches back for thousands of years and

has changed from period to period and in each region according to

climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences

Chao fan or Chinese

fried rice

China's Regional Cuisines

China can be divided into many

geographical areas, and each area has a

distinct style of cooking. The ingredients used in the food are based on the natural agricultural products

of the region.

8 Distinct Regional Cuisine

Chuan Cuisine Cantonese Cuisine Lu Cuisine

Min Cuisine Su Cuisine Xiang Cuisine

CUISINE

JAPAN

Cuisine of Japan

The traditional cuisine of Japan (washoku or 和食 ) is based on rice with miso soupand other

dishes, with an emphasis on seasonal ingredients. The side dishes often consist of

fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth. apanese cuisine, particularly

sushi, has now become popular throughout the world. As of 2011, Japan overtook France in

number of Michelin starred restaurants and has maintained the title ever since.

Cuisine of Japan

Once known in the west either in the form of "sukiyaki" or the more exotic "sushi," Japanese cuisine has in recent years become much more familiar and appreciated around the world. Many visitors to Japan will have already sampled the pleasures of raw fish or batter-fried shrimp. But few first-time visitors to Japan are prepared for the variety and sumptuousness of Japanese food, as it is traditionally prepared. Eating in Japan is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered fondly for the rest of your life.

A Japanese teishoku meal includingtempura, sashi

mi, and miso soup.

Breakfast at a ryokan (Japanese inn), featuring grilled mackerel, Kansai style dashimaki egg, tofu in kaminabe(paper pot)

Sukiyaki is prepared right at the table by cooking

thinly sliced beef together with vegetables, tofu and

vermicelli. 

Tempura is food deep-fried in vegetable oil after being

coated with a mixture of egg, water and wheat flour.

Among the ingredients used are prawns, fish in season and vegetables. 

Sushi is a small piece of raw seafood placed on a ball of vinegared rice. The most

common ingredients are tuna, squid and prawns. Cucumber, pickled radish and sweet egg

omelet are also served.

Sashimi is sliced raw fish eaten with soy sauce. 

Kaiseki ryori is regarded as Japan's most exquisite culinary refinement. Consisting mainly of

vegetables and fish with a seasoning base of seaweed and

mushrooms, the dishes are characterized by their refined

savor. 

Yakitori is made up of small pieces of chicken meat, liver

and vegetables skewered on a bamboo stick and grilled over

hot coals. 

Tonkatsu is a deep-fried pork cutlet rolled in

breadcrumbs.

Shabu-shabu is tender, thin slices of beef held with

chopsticks and swished around in a pot of boiling

water, then dipped in sauce before being eaten.

Soba and udon are two kinds of Japanese noodles.

Soba is made from buckwheat flour and udon from wheat flour. They are served either in a broth or dipped in sauce and are available in hundreds of

delicious variations.

SPORTS

CHINA

Table tennis

Table tennis 

(pingpong)[edit] 

Ping pong ( 乒乓 ) is the official name for the sport of table tennis in China.

Table tennis match

SPORTS

JAPAN

Sumo  is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a rikishi(wrestler) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (dohyō) or into touching the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet. The characters 相撲 literally mean "striking one another".

Sumo wrestling is considered Japan's national sport.

A sumo match (tori-kumi) between formeryokozuna Asashōryū (left) and then-komusubiKotoshōgiku in January 2008.

Traditional clothing

CHINA

Chinese Clothing

As a vital part of Chinese civilization, traditional

costumes play an important role in the country’s history and culture. Their basic features are cross-collar, wrapping the

right lapel over the left, tying with sash and a

form of blouse plus skirt or long gown.

Traditional Chinese Suit

Other Types

Cheongsam

Clothing of Miao Ethnic Minority

Clothing of Uygur People

Traditional clothing

JAPAN

Japanese clothing

Traditional Japanese clothing distinguishes Japan from all other countries around the world. The Japanese word kimono means

"something one wears" and they are the

traditional garments of Japan.

Geisha performing dance,

dressed in kimono.

Thank you.........