All Around Us Qabeelat Ihsaan(3).Xlsx

CONTENTS

Religion

Nature

Battles

Social Issues

Worship

Knowledge & Ignorance

Nature

Wealth

Social Issues

Power & Leadership

CONTENTS

Minor Signs Yet To Come͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙67. Īmān Becomes Rare67. Īmān Becomes RareWorship & Knowledge 69. Destruction Of Ka‘bah70. Lifting Of The Qur’ān71. A Single Sajdah Is Better Than The World72. Return To Idol Worship73. No More La Ilāha Illallāh74. Removal Of Mountains

75. Animals & Inanimate Objects SpeakingNature77. The Euphrates Revealing A Mountain Of Gold78. The Breeze Which Will Take The Soul Of The Believers79. Madīnah Expelling Its Evil Residents80. Ruin Of Madīnah81. A Ruler From The Tribe Of QaḥṭānPower & Leadership83. Ruin Of The rmy Wanting To Destroy The Ka‘bah

85. Conquering Of Constantinople86. The Muslims Going To Shām87. The MahdīMAJOR SIGNS OF THE HOUR͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙i.ii.iii.iv.v.vi.vii.viii. The Beastix.x.

THE END OF TIME͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.CONCLUSION͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙

INTRODUCTION

Destination: Home

And he who believed said, "O my people, followme, I will guide you to the way of right conduct.O my people, this worldly life is only [temporary]enjoyment, and indeed, the Hereafter - that isthe home of [permanent] settlement.

Al-Ghāfir 40: 38-39

‘ bdullah ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said: “Be in the world as thoughyou were a stranger or a wayfarer.”

Ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) used to say:

“At evening do not expect [to live till] morning,and at morning do not expect [to live till]evening. Take from your health for your illnessand from your life for your death.”

Bukhāri

‘ bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated: “TheMessenger of llāh (s.a.w.) slept on a straw matand when he got up he had a mark on his side.We said, ‘Messenger of llāh, we could make acovering for you?’ He said, ‘What have I to dowith this world? I am only in this world like arider who seeks shade under a tree and then

Tirmidhī

INTRODUCTION

Huma:n Nature

Attracted to beauty Focus on things that are pleasing and easy Forget or ignore things that are difficult or disliked

It is easy for us to lose sight of our goal.

Signs and Reminders

Signs of the last day are placed all around us like signposts, which put things intoperspective and remind us of our destination while we are travelling on this earth.

It is very important that we recognize these signs, so that when we do see or encounterthem, we will benefit from them.

Difficulties and Trials

Why do we need to learn about the trials? To recognize the signs To prepare us To know what action to take if it happens

Ḥudhayfah ibn Al-Yaman (r.a.) companion of the Prophet (s.a.w.)

chosen as a judge by the Prophet advised ‘Uthmān to gather the Qur’ān into one standard version or otherwise theummah will be divided would ask the Prophet (s.a.w) about trials and difficulties

“People used to ask the Prophet (s.a.w.) about good things,but I used to ask him about bad things because

Suratul-KahfOne subject: Trials and how to overcomeTrial Of TheReligion• Companions ofthe cavegardens

We are encouraged to recite this sūrah weekly as a reminder about our challenges andprimary goals in life.

2INTRODUCTION

“Then do they await except that the Hour shouldcome upon them unexpectedly? But alreadythere have come [some of] its indications.Then what good to them, when it has come,will be their remembrance?”

Muhammad 47: 18

Abu Zaid Àmr ibn Akhtab Al-Anṣāri (r.a.) said:"Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) once led the Fajr ṣalāt afterwhich he ascended the pulpit and addressed ustill Ẓuhr ṣalāt. He alighted from the pulpit,performed Ẓuhr ṣalāt and ascended the pulpit.He then addressed us till ‘ ṣr and descendedfrom the pulpit. He performed Salāt andascended the mimbar. He then addressed us tillsunset. He informed us about those incidentswhich had occurred as well as those which areyet to occur. Those with stronger memoriesamongst us remembered most of them."

Muslim

FIQH OF THE SIGNS OF THE HOUR

Belief in the Unseen

Belief in the Unseen is an attribute of the believers.Belief in the Unseen is the first characteristic mentioned by llāh about the pious people.

Why?This is the Book (the Qur’ān), whereofthere is no doubt, a guidance tothose who are al-muttaqūn.Who believe in the ghayb͙ in the prophets in the judgement day in fate and predestinationAl-Baqarah 2: 2-3

In the early days of da‘wah, the Prophet (s.a.w.) focused on the belief in llāh.The early revelations also focus on the unseen: Jannah, Hellfire, qiyāmah etc.

Ali (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“A person does not truly believe until s/he believes in four:that none has the right to be worshipped except Allāh and Iam His Messenger who He sent with the truth, believes indeath, resurrection after death and pre-destiny.”

Tirmidhī

The Prophet (s.a.w.) once talked about his ummah who believe in himeven though they never met him. He called them his “brothers”.

Anas ibn Malik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“I wish I could see my brothers". The Companions asked," ren’t we your brothers O Prophet of llāh?" He replied,"No, you are my Companions. My brothers are those whocome after me and believe in me without seeing me.”

Aḥmad

4FIQH OF THE SIGNS OF THE HOUR

Prophecies of the Unseen

bu Mūsā l- sh‘āri (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said regarding: “͙give himthe glad tidings of Paradise after a trialthat shall befall him.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

During the Tabūk expedition, theProphet (s.a.w.) said when he saw Abu

Dharr (r.a.) coming: "May llāh havemercy on Abu Dharr! He walks alone,and he shall die alone, and he shall beresurrected alone.”

Ibn Isḥāq


Belief In The Last Day

Belief in the Last Day is one of the six pillars of īmān.

“͙and whosoever disbelieves in Allāh, His Angels,His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day,then indeed he has strayed far away.”

An-Nisā’ 4: 136

Belief in the last day is often paired with belief in llāh:“Whoever believes in llāh and the Last Day͙”

Why?The other four pillars are connected to llāh: belief in His angels belief in His books belief in His prophets belief in His decrees

whereas belief in the Last Day is not directly connected to llāh.


They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the Hour:when is its arrival? Say, "Its knowledge is only withmy Lord. None will reveal its time except Him͙"

Al-

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said: “The best day on which the sun hasrisen is Friday; on it Ādam was created, on it hewas made to enter Paradise, on it he was expelledfrom it. And the last hour will take place on no dayother than Friday.”

Muslim

A man asked the Prophet about the Hour (i.e. Dayof Judgment) saying, "When will the Hour be?"

The Prophet said,"What have you prepared for it?"

Bukhāri


Belief In The Signs Of The Hour

Part of belief in the Last Day.

Do they then wait for anything other than that the angelsshould come to them, or that your Lord should come,or that some of the Signs of your Lord should come!The day that some of the Signs of your Lord do come,no good will it do to a person to believe then, if hebelieved not before, nor earned good through his Faith.Say: “Wait you! we (too) are waiting.”

Al- n‘ām 6: 158

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the sun rises from

the West, so when the people see this they will believe,but that is when faith will do no good to the onewho did not believe before.”

Bukhāri


What To Do When Something Is Incomprehensible To Us

IncludingBELIEVE What we do not understand (especially)in all of the unseen The Signs of the Hour authentically reportedto us.

llāh had decreed everything since the beginningof creations. He know what we do not, and Heknow what is best for us.KNOWThe Prophet (s.a.w.) said,that everything whichtakes place is from thedecree of llāhhim, he is thankful for it and that is good for him.If something bad happens to him, he bears it withpatience and that is good for him.” [Muslim]

DON'T DENYSimply because they seem incomprehensible.any of those signs

DON'TMISINTERPRET give logic orthose signs as a result ofour own lack ofunderstanding

OURRESPONSIBILITYis to have īmān in them


Reasons For Misinterpreting The Signs Of The Hour

General Ignorance AndLack Of Knowledge• We should know our level ofknowledge and avoid talking aboutsomething unknown.

Using Weak Narrations AndIsraelite Traditions, Etc.• We should always check theauthenticity of each narration.• If an Israelite tradition• concur with the Quran and Sunnah→ accept it• contradict the Quran and Sunnah→ reject it• not mentioned in the Quran andSunnah → maintain silence

Examples Of Misinterpretation Of The Signs Of The Hour

The Mahdi

• Every generation has people claiming to be the Mahdi.• Some think that they need to create a Mahdi.

The Dajjāl

• Some say the Dajjāl is only a symbol, not a real person.• Some give specific time to which the Dajjāl will appear eventhough it is not mentioned in any narration.


Times Of Fitan & How To Live In Such Times

Testament ofTruthfulness• All of these signs are atestament to thetruthfulness of theProphet (s.a.w.).• Example: The fall ofConstantinople.

Explicit andImplicit Aspects• Some aspects of thesetrials and signs areexplicit and othersaspects are implicit ortheir full extent isunknown.• Example: Theconquest of Quds isexplicit whereas someaspects of the Beastare unknown.• Example: The sign ofthe Mahdī is not aruling to create aMahdī or find him.


NotAlways Evil• A particular textshowing a sign or trialto come does notnecessitate that it isevil or wrong.• Example: The dreamsof believers comingtrue.linked to the sign.

Ibn Ùmar (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“O llāh! Bless our Sham and our Yemen.” People said,“Our Najd as well.” The Prophet again said, “O llāh!Bless our Sham and Yemen.” They said again, “Our Najdas well.” On that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “There willappear earthquakes and afflictions, and from there will

come out the side of the head of Satan.”“Najd” could mean a place in Riyāḍ an elevated

BukhāriArabic)

`Ā’ishah (r.a.) narrated that some rough bedouins

used to visit the Prophet (s.a.w.) and ask him,“When will the Hour be?” He would look at theyoungest of all of them and say, “If this should livetill he is very old, your Hour will take place.”said “the Hour”refers to death,the lesser qiyāmah,BukhāriDay itself.


NotInitiated• These signs will takeplace as and whenllāh decrees and arenot something whichcan be initiated by us.• Example: A group ofpeople appointing aperson they considerto be the Mahdī.

Once, after the Prophet (s.a.w.) had questioned IbnṢayyād, ‘Umar (r.a.) said, “O llāh's Messenger (s.a.w.)!Allow me to chop off h is neck.” The Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Should this person be him (i.e. Ad-Dajjāl) thenyou cannot over-power him; and should he be someoneelse, then it will be no use you killing him.”BE STEADFAST!

What llāh hasBukhārichanged.

The Prophet (s.a.w.) was telling the companions aboutthe Dajjāl when they asked: “O Messenger of llāh,how long will he stay on earth?” He (s.a.w) said: “Fortydays, one day like a year, one day like a month, one daylike a week, and the rest of his days like your days.”They said: “O Messenger of llāh, on that day which is

like a year, will the prayers of one day suffice us?”

He (s.a.w) said: “Make an estimate of time.”

were concernedabout how toIbn Mājahduring this trial.


How To Live & Interact With The Signs Of The Hour

The Signs

Should increaseour knowledgeand good deeds.Day of Judgement.

Stay away from trials;do not engangewith them.

Do not test your īmān.

‘Imrān ibn Husayn (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“Let him who hears of the Dajjāl(Antichrist) go far from him forI swear by llāh that a man willcome to him thinking he is abeliever and follow him becauseof confused ideas rousedin him by him.”

bu Dāwūd Have patience Trust in llāh Return to Him Know that victory is for the pious


Categories Of The Signs Of The Hour

Signs ofthe Hour

MinorSigns

Past

Scalegroups.

Sequence

Some take place well beforethe Day of Judgement. Some take place up until thefirst of the major signs occurs. Some continue to take placealongside the major signs.

Time toQiyāmah

Lengthplace and come to an end. Some others can be on-goingfor some time. Some others are still to come.


Ḥudhayfah ibn Usaid Ghifari (r.a.)reported: “ llāh’s Messenger (s.a.w.)came to us all of a sudden as we were(busy in a discussion). He said:‘What do you discuss about?’ They(the Companions) said, ‘We arediscussing about the Last Hour.’Thereupon he said: ‘It will not comeuntil you see ten signs before’ and he

made a mention of the smoke, Dajjāl,the beast, the rising of the sun from thewest, the descent of ‘Ῑsā ibn Maryam(a.s.), the Ya’jūj and Ma’jūj, and land-slidings in three places, one in the east,one in the west and one in Arabia, atthe end of which fire would burn forthfrom Yemen, and would drive people tothe place of their assembly.”

Muslim

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED

RELIGION

Prophethood & Death Of The Prophet (s.a.w.) Death Of The Companions Emergence Of Khawārij

BATTLES

The Battle Of Ṣiffīn Conquering Of Quds Conquering Of Egypt Conquering Of India Fighting The Mongols

NATURE

The Splitting Of The Moon Plagues A Fire In The Ḥijāz Region

SOCIAL ISSUES

A Slave Girl Giving Birth To Her Master Prevalence Of Safety & Security

17MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED

1

The coming of the Prophet (s.a.w.) and his death are the first signs of the Hour.

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘The Hour and I have been sent like these two;like one over the other,’ and he then joinedhis forefinger and middle finger together.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

‘Awf ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that he came tothe Prophet (s.a.w.) in his tent during the Battle of Tabūk,and he (s.a.w.) said, “Count six before the Hour: my death͙”

Bukhāri

llāh (s.w.t.) prepared the companions for the passing of the Prophet (s.a.w.).

Ibn ‘ bbās (r.a.) reported that when Sūrah n-Naṣr wasrevealed, the Prophet (s.a.w.) said that he had beeninformed of his death and his time had approached.

Aḥmad, Ibn Jarīr, Ibn Al-Mundhir, Ibn Marduyah


Abu Sa‘īd Al-Khudri (r.a.) narrated: “The Prophet (s.a.w.)addressed the people saying: ‘Allāh has given option to aslave to choose this world or what is with Him. The slave haschosen what is with Allāh.’ Abu Bakr (r.a.) wept, and we wereastonished at his weeping caused by what the Prophet(s.a.w.) mentioned as to a Slave (of llāh) who had beenoffered a choice, (we learned later on) that Allāh's Apostle(s.a.w.) himself was the person who was given the choice,and that Abu Bakr (r.a.) knew best of all of us.’”

Bukhāri & Muslim

‘Abdullāh Ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) said: “I went to see the Prophet(s.a.w.)[during his death sickness] and found him sufferingfrom intense pain, so I put my hand on him and said:‘O Messenger of Allāh! Indeed you are suffering from intensepain.’ He replied: ‘Yes, I suffer twice as much as anyone elsewould.’ I asked: ‘Will you get double the reward?’ Hereplied: ‘Yes.’ Then he said to me: ‘ llāh will remove sins,just as a tree sheds its leaves, for any Muslim who is afflictedwith sickness or any other tribulation.’”

Bukhāri & Muslim

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated: “When the Prophet (s.a.w.)became gravely ill, he began to lose consciousness, so hisdaughter Fāṭimah (r.a.) exclaimed: ‘What extreme pain myfather is suffering!’ The Prophet (s.a.w.) heard this andsaid: ‘Your father will never suffer again after today.’”

Bukhāri


Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) said: “I have never witnessed a brighterday than when the Prophet (s.a.w.) entered Madīnah withAbu Bakr (r.a.) and I was present at the death of the Prophet(s.a.w.) and have never witnessed a gloomier day than that.”

Aḥmad

Verily, you will die,Muhammad is not but a messenger.[Other] messengers have passed onbefore him. So if he was to die or bekilled, would you turn back on yourheels [to unbelief]? And he whoturns back on his heels will never

harm llāh at all; but llāh willreward the grateful.

Āli Imrān 3: 144

When the companions heard about the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.), they could not believethe news, including ‘Umar (r.a.).

Abu Bakr (r.a.) said, “Whoever worships Muhammad (s.a.w.) should know that Muhammad(s.a.w.) died. Whoever worships llāh should know that llāh is Hayy (immortal).”

He then quoted the verse from Sūrah Āli ‘Imrān.

Ibn ‘Abbas (r.a.) said, “By llāh it sounded as if people had never heard such a Qur’ānicverse till Abu Bakr recited it as a reminder. So people started reciting it till there was no manwho did not recite it.”

Ibn Al-Musayyab said that 'Umar (r.a.) had said, “By llāh as soon as I heard Abu Bakr say it,I fell down to the ground. I felt as if my legs had been unable to carry me so I collapsed

when I heard him say it. Only then did I realize that Muhammad (s.a.w.) had really died.”[Bukhāri]

Abu Bakr (r.a.) also quoted the verse from Sūrah Az-Zumar to remind the companions.


The death of Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) was the worst trial that we ever had.

The Prophet (s.a.w.) informed us that his death would be agreat disaster by saying: “O people! If any believer is afflictedby a disaster, let him remember the disaster of my death, sothat this may give him ease, as nobody will be afflicted with adisaster which is greater than that of my death.”

Ibn Mājah

Why?Because the revelation stopped coming.

This religion is based upon knowledge.The first revelation, “Iqra’”, shows the importance of knowledge.llāh also mention revelation or knowledge first before He mention about creation inseveral places in the Qur’ān.

Recite in the name of yourLord who created.Al-‘ laq 96: 1

Once revelation stop coming, people will lose knowledge of the Qur’ān.The further we are from the generation of the Prophet (s.a.w.), the less knowledge we have.

When Qiyāmah is near, llāh will raise the Qur’ān.The people will go back to idol worship. The shahādah, to them, is something that theirforefathers used to say, and they do not understand it.


2

Abu Mūsā (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The stars are the guardians of the skies, and when they gothere will come upon the skies that which has beenpromised. I am the guardian for my companions and when Igo, there will come upon my companions that which has

been promised. My companions are the guardians for myummah, and when they go there will come upon my ummahthat which it has been promised.”

Muslim

Ùthmān ibn Madh'un (r.a.) said: “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘This one is the lock upon the fitnah (sedition and trials),’and he indicated ‘Umar (r.a.) with his hand. ‘There willremain a door strongly locked between you and the fitnahas long as this one lives among you.’”

Al-Bazzar

The Gates Of The Ummah

The companions (r.a.) preserved: The sunnah of the Prophet (s.a.w.) The knowledge that the Prophet (s.a.w.) taught them

When they died, more and more trials befell the Muslims. Lack of knowledge Lack of action Lack of good characters Lack of respect


‘ bdullah ibn ‘ mr ibn Al-’ s (r.a.) reported llāh’sMessenger (s.a.w.) as saying: “Verily, llāh does not takeaway knowledge by snatching it from the people but Hetakes away knowledge by taking away the scholars, so thatwhen He leaves no learned person, people turn to theignorant as their leaders; then they are asked to deliverreligious verdicts and they deliver them without knowledge,they go astray, and lead others astray.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

llāh will not erase knowledge in one night, but through the death of scholars.

The [Lost] Knowledge of Imam At-Tabari

Imam Aṭ-Ṭabari’s students requested him to write a commentary of the Qur’ān.When he told them he wanted to produce a 30,000-page tafsīr, the students were stunnedand worried that they would not be able to complete the task.He then restricted his tafsīr to 3,000 pages.

The resulting book, Jāmi‘ Al-Bayān ‘ n Ta’wīl Āy Al-Qur’ān or better known as Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari, is one of the best and greatest Tafsīr ever produced.

Imagine having a commentary of the Qur’ān 10 times the size of Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari.A lot of Imam Aṭ-Ṭabari’s knowledge regarding the Qur’ān was lost once he died.

Revelationstopped.died.


3

‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Therewill emerge towards the end of time a people who are young in age andimmature in thought. They will recite the Qur’ān but it will not pass beyondtheir throats, and they will narrate from the sayings of the best of creation.They will pass out of this religion just as an arrow shoots out of the bow.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

Root word:KharajaTo break away/come out

Khawārij is the plural of khārij, which means people who rebel.

Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) spoke to the companions about the characteristics of the Khawārij in thisḥadīth when a man accused him (s.a.w.) of not being just:

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khudri reported: “When we were in the company of theMessenger of llāh (s.a.w.) and he was distributing the spoils of war, therecame to him Dhul-Khuwasira, one of Banu Tamim. He said: ‘Messenger ofllāh, do justice.’ Upon this the Messenger of llāh (s.a.w.) said: ‘Woe beupon you! Who would do justice, if I do not do justice? You would beunsuccessful and incurring a loss, if I do not do justice.’ Upon this ‘Umar ibnKhaṭṭāb (r.a.) said: Messenger of llāh, permit me to strike off his neck.’

The Messenger of llāh (s.a.w.) said: ‘Leave him, for he has friends (whowould outwardly look to be so religious and pious) that everyone amongyou would consider his prayer insignificant as compared with their prayer,and his fast as compared with their fasts. They would recite the Qur'an but itwould not go beyond their collarbones. They would pass through (theteachings of Islam so hurriedly) just as the arrow passes through the prey͙’”

Muslim


The History of The Khawārij

‘Uthmān (r.a.)was assassinated

What aboutthe assassins?

Leave them‘ li (r.a.)and his supportersBattle of ṢiffīnReconciliationThousands of armyfrom ‘ li’s (r.a.)camp rebelled

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSEDThe Reasons for Rebellion‘ bdullāh ibn ‘ bbās (r.a.) went to speak to the Khawārij, even though ‘ li (r.a.) advised himnot to go as he feared for Ibn ‘ bbās’ life as the Khawārij were ignorant people.The Khawārij gave 3 reasonsfor their rebellion:1. ‘ li (r.a.) use people asjudges and for rulinginstead of llāh’s rule.For example in Sūrah An-Nisā’ 4: 35:“ nd if you fear dissension between the two,send an arbitrator from his people and anarbitrator from her people. If they both desirereconciliation, llāh will cause it between them.Indeed, llāh is ever Knowing and Acquainted[with all things].”

2. They did not take any warbooty from Mu‘āwiyah(r.a.).3. ‘ li (r.a.) removed the titleAmīrul Mu’minīn whensigning the reconciliationpact; thus, he is no longer

the leader.

After hearing Ibn ‘ bbās’ (r.a.) explanation many of them returned, but some of them remained rebellious to the extent of killing the companions.

The Modern Day Khawārij

The term khawārij does not refer to a specific group of people.Rather, anyone/group with traits such as rebellious making mischief bombing public places, etc.can be considered as khawārij.


4

The Meccan requested for a sign and saw the splitting of the moon over Mount Hira’.But they still disbelieved and said, “Muhammad has taken us by his magic.”

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narratedthat the people of Makkahasked the Prophet (s.a.w.) toshow them a sign, so he splitthe moon for them.Muslim

Seeing Is Believing?

Ῑmān is not about seeing and thus believing; it is in the heart.

The People of Pharaoh

They were shown the 9 clear signs: Prophet Musa’s staff Prophet Musa’s hand The years of famine

And indeed We punished the people of Pharaoh with years ofdrought, and shortness of fruits, that they might remember. Butwhenever good came to them, they said: "Ours is this." And if evilaffect them, they ascribed it to evil omens connected with Moses andthose with him. Be informed! Verily, their evil omens are with llāhbut most of them know not. They said to Moses: "Whatever Ayat youmay bring to us, to work therewith your sorcery on us, we shall never

believe in you." So We sent on them: the flood, the locusts, the lice,the frogs, and the blood: manifest signs, yet they remained arrogant,and they were of those people who were sinners.

Al-


Banī Isrā’īl

They witnessed many miracles of Prophet Musa (a.s.), for example: the splitting of the sea manna and salwa

But they ended worshipping a statue of a calf!

The Disciples of ‘Ῑsā (a.s.)

They requested for a feast from the heaven.

llāh warned them that if they disbelieve after He has sent down His sign, they will bepunished in the way no one has ever been punished before.

Remember when the disciples said: “O Jesus, son of Mary!Can your Lord send down to us a table spread (with food)from heaven?” Jesus said: “Fear llāh, if you are indeedbelievers.” They said: "We wish to eat thereof and to bestronger in Faith and to know that you have indeed told usthe truth and that we ourselves be its witnesses."Jesus, son of Mary, said: “O llāh, our Lord! Send us fromheaven a table spread (with food) that there may be for us -for the first and the last of us - a festival and a sign fromYou; and provide us sustenance, for You are the best ofsustainers.” llāh said: “I am going to send it down untoyou, but if any of you after that disbelieves, then I willpunish him with a torment such as I have not inflicted onanyone among all the worlds (mankind and jinn).”

Al-Mā’idah 5: 112-115


The Meccan

They requested the Prophet (s.a.w.) to bring them signs, including making llāh and His

angels come to them!

And they say, "We will not believe you until you break openfor us from the ground a spring. Or [until] you have a gardenof palm trees and grapes and make rivers gush forth withinthem in force [and abundance]. Or you make the heaven fallupon us in fragments as you have claimed or you bring llāhand the angels before [us]. Or you have a house of gold oryou ascend into the sky. And [even then], we will notbelieve in your ascension until you bring down to usa book we may read." Say, "Exalted is my Lord!Was I ever but a human messenger?"

Al-Isrā’ 17: 90-93


5

‘Awf ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that

he came to the Prophet (s.a.w.) inhis tent during the Battle ofTabūk, and he (s.a.w.) said,“Count six before the Hour: ͙twoplagues which will strike you likethe disease of cattle͙”and spread to humans via fleas.

Bukhāri

The Plague of ‘Amwās

What? Possibly an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis.(The same cause of the “black death” plague across the world at that time.)

When? During caliphate of ‘Umar (r.a.).Where? SyriaThe plague was most severe in ‘ mwās, Syria, so it be

How Many? Over 20,000 people died.

The Story Of Abu ‘Ubaydah Ibn Jarrā.h (r.a.)

Who is Abu ‘Ubaydah Ibn Jarrāḥ (r.a.)? One of the companions who was promised paradise. The mīn (Trustworthy) of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) ummah. Suggested by ‘Umar (r.a.) as the leader after the beloved Prophet (s.a.w.)had passed away, before pledging his allegiance to Abu Bakr (r.a.) Close adviser to Abu Bakr (r.a.) and ‘Umar (r.a.)He did not disobey any orders in any matters, except once.


Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) was leading the Muslim forces in Ash-Shām (Syria).It was then that a plague hit and devastated the population of Ash-Shām.

‘Umar (r.a.) dispatched a messenger to Abu ‘Ubaydah with a letter saying:“I am in urgent need of you. If my letter reaches you at night I strongly urge you to leavebefore dawn. If this letter reaches you during the day, I strongly urge you to leave beforeevening and hasten to me.”

When Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) received the letter, he said:“I know why the mīr Al-Mu'minīn needs me.He wants to secure the survival of someone who, however, is not eternal.”

So he wrote to ‘Umar (r.a.):“I know that you need me. But I am in an army of Muslims and I have no desire to savemyself from what is afflicting them. I do not want to separate from them until God wills. So,when this letter reaches you, release me from your command and permit me to stay on.”

When ‘Umar (r.a.) read this letter tears filled his eyes and those who were with him asked:“Has Abu ‘Ubaydah died, O mīr Al-Mu'minīn?”

‘Umar (r.a.) said, “No, but death is near to him.”

Before long, Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) became afflicted with the plague and died.

‘Abdurrahmān ibn ‘Awf (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said: “If you hear that an epidemic has broken out ina land, do not approach it. If it attacks a land where you live,then do not leave that land in a bid to escape from it.”

Bukhāri

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6

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a raging fire emergesin Ḥijāz which will illuminate the necks of camels in Buṣra.”

Bukhāri

When?During the time of An-Nawawi.An-Nawawi said,“In 1654 Hijri, a big fire came outin Madīnah.”

What?Ibn Kathīr said,“The bedouins were able to seethe spark of light in Busra, ontheir camels.”

Fire As A Sign

llāh controls the fire and uses it as signs over and over.For example, llāh made the fire cool and peaceful for Ibrāhīm (a.s.) and saved him.A similar miracle also happened to a tabi‘ī scholar, bu Muslim l-Khawlāni (r.a.).

32

Al-AswadAbu MuslimAl-AswadAbu Muslim

Al-Aswad repeatedly asked the two questions, and Abu Muslim (r.a.) repeatedly gave thesame answers for both.

Al-Aswad became furious and he ordered for Abu Muslim (r.a.) to be thrown into a largefire. But the fire did not harm or burn Abu Muslim in the least.

Someone advised Al-Aswad: “Send this man away, for if he stays, he will cause yourfollowers to turn against you."

Al-Aswad, fearing Abu Muslim (r.a.) and being certain, based on his prior experience, that hewould not be able to kill him, ordered him to leave Yemen.

Abu Muslim (r.a.) headed towards Madīnah, and by the time he arrived there, theMessenger of llāh (s.a.w.) had already passed away, and Abu Bakr (r.a.) was the Khalīfah.

He tied his riding animal to the door of the Masjid, went inside and began to pray.

‘Umar (r.a.) noticed the stranger, and went to him.

‘UmarAbu Muslim‘UmarAbu Muslim‘Umar

Abu Muslim (r.a.) could not lie, so he simply answered in the affirmative.

‘Umar (r.a.) hugged him and cried, and he then seated Abu Muslim (r.a.) between himselfand Abu Bakr (r.a.).

And then 'Umar (r.a.) said, “All praise is for llāh, Who has delayed my death enough forHim to allow me to see among the nation of Muhammad a person for whom llāh cause thesame thing to occur as He caused to occur for Ibrāhīm (a.s.).”


Nature

None of us are able to see llāh.But we can know Him and love Him.

How?One of the greatest ways is through the creations i.e. nature.

Many miracles which happened revolved around nature. For example: the splitting of the moon the splitting of sea

Many verses in the Qur’ān talk about nature, including verses concerning the Last Hour.For example:

When the sun is wrapped up [in darkness]. And when the starsfall, dispersing. And when the mountains are removed, andwhen full-term she-camels are neglected. And when the wildbeasts are gathered. And when the seas are filled with flame.

At -Takwīr 81: 1-6

But we tend to take nature for granted.

llāh give us signs from the nature as an evident of His power over creations

as a reminder to us

These signs affect not only a small group of people, but everyone in the society.

7

The Battle Of SiffīnA.k.a. the Battle of the CamelAbu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “The Hour will notbe established until two great armiesfight, there will be much killingbetween them even thoughtheir call is one.”

Where?

‘Ali’s (r.a.) campBelieversThey ran out ofwater but wereallowed to takewater at night.

The hypocritesstarted the attack.

Both camps thought they were being attacked by theother camp and began their counter-attack.

Many people died in this battle,including Talhah (r.a) and Zubayr (r.a.).

Mu‘awiyah (r.a.) ordered his army to raised the Qur’ānover their heads and asked ‘ li (r.a.) for a pact.Both camps reconciled.


The Change Of Caliphate

After the death of ‘ li (r.a.), Ḥasan ibn ‘ li (r.a.) became the caliph.He then gave up the caliphate to Mu‘awiyah (r.a.) to preserve unity among the Muslims.

Abu Bakrah (r.a.) narrated that once the Prophet (s.a.w.)brought out Al-Hasan and took him up the pulpit along withhim and said, "This son of mine is a Sayyid (i.e. chief) andI hope that llāh will help him bring about reconciliationbetween two Muslim groups."

Bukhāri


8

Conquering of Quds‘Awf ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that hecame to the Prophet (s.a.w.) in his tentduring the Battle of Tabūk, and he said,“Count six before the Hour: ͙the conquering of Quds.”Second ConquestDuring the Ayyubid dynastyBy Ṣalāḥuddīn Al-AyyūbiBukhāri

A Lesson of Honor

At the time of the caliphate of ‘Umar (r.a.), Abu ‘Ubaydah Ibn Jarrāḥ (r.a.) lead the Muslimarmy to surround Jerusalem. The people of Jerusalem sent a message that we are willing tosurrender, but they would only hand over the keys to Jerusalem to the Khalīfah.

‘Umar (r.a.) went with his servant and they were taking turns on a donkey: ‘Umar (r.a.)would ride for a while and then the servant would ride for a while and then they would givethe donkey time off.

As they reached the outskirt of Jerusalem, Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) came to greet them.It was ‘Umar’s (r.a.) turn to pull the donkey and his servant’s turn to ride it. When they cameacross a puddle and ‘Umar (r.a.) picked up his clothes and crossed it.

Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) felt saddened and said,“I fear that the people of the village will think you without honor.”

‘Umar (r.a.) replied:“Oh Abu ‘Ubaydah, if only someone less knowledgeable then you made such a statement.We were of the most disgraced of people, and llāh granted us honor with this Islām. Now,whenever we seek honor in other than that which llāh honored us with, llāh shalldisgrace us (once again).”


Bilāl’s (r.a.) Adhān

‘Umar (r.a.) entered Jerusalem and prayed 2 raka‘ah.

The time for ṣalah came. Bilāl (r.a.) was present, but after the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.),Bilāl would not call the dhān anymore.

The companions asked ‘Umar (r.a.) to urge him to call the dhān, just this time.

‘Umar (r.a.) turned to Bilāl (r.a.):"O Bilāl! The Companions of the Messenger of llāh implore you to call the dhān andremind them of the time of their Prophet, on whom be the blessings of llāh and peace."

he broke down and cried. The companions also broke down and cried.

However, Bilāl (r.a.) continued and completed the adhān.

This was the first and the last time Bilāl (r.a.) made a complete adhān after the death of theProphet (s.a.w.).

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9

In charge of the conquestof the African region.Muslimthe governor there.

Egypt is one of the most beautiful lands in the Muslim Empire.Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī travelled from Makkah to Madīnah, to Yaman, and to Iraq before finallysettling down in Egypt.

10

Thawbān (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Two groups ofpeople I guarantee their protection from the Fire; the group that conquers

Bilāl (r.a.) made the adhān, but when he reached the words, “ دھشا نا دمحم ”هللالوسر

India and the group that fights alongside Jesus the son of Mary.”

Aḥmad

During The Caliphate of ‘Umar (r.a.)

‘Umar (r.a.) only sent traders to India. He did not sent any army.The message of Islām was spread by the traders’ good manners and honesty in conductingbusiness.

During The Umayyad Dynasty

Governor Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf sent an army lead by Muhammad Ibn Qāsim to India in 92H.India was conquered and became a Muslim territory all through the Umayyad Dynasty andthe subsequent Abbasid Dynasty.

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11

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until you fight the Turks.They will have small eyes, red faces, flat noses,as if their faces are shields. The Hour will also not beestablished until you fight a people whose sandalsare made from animal hair.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

The Turks

The term Turk does not specifically refers to people living in Anatolia or present day Turkey.The Turks live in Turkistan, and it is an extension of tribes that go all the way to China, to theareas of Mongolia.

They have distinctive facial features: small eyes, red faces, and flat noses.

Abi Sukainah (r.a.) narrated

that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“Let the Abyssinians alone aslong as they let you alone, andlet the Turks alone as long asthey leave you alone.”grow to become one of thelargest in history.bu Dāwūd

The Mongolian Invasion

The invasion began after a governor of Utrar of the Khwarezmid Empire ordered theexecution of Mongols traders alleged to have been spies. Genghis Khan then sent amessenger to the Khwarizm Shah but the messenger was killed.

Under the leadership of Genghis Khan, Timur Lenk and Hulagu Khan, the Mongols sweptover the Muslim world and destroyed it.


When they entered into Baghdad, which was a city of knowledge at that time:

They spent 40 days killing the inhabitants of the city

• It is said that they killed about two million people.• They would take the skulls of the Muslims and they built out of it apyramid.

They destroyed the whole cityThey destroyed librariesThey burned books

• The earliest book of tafsīr we have today is Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari.• Other previous books of tafsīr were lost.

They turned Euphrates black with ink for several days

• They used the books taken from the Library of Baghdad as a bridge tocross over the Euphrates River.


Significance Of The Conquests

The Prophet (s.a.w.) was truthful

Those who connect to llāh will receive His aid

Those who are distanct and ignorant will not receive His aid

• "...Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a peopleuntil they change what is in themselves..." [Ar-Ra'd 13:11]

Main Lessons From The Battles

Prophecies by the Prophet (s.a.w.) will come true

Have tawakkul in llāh for we do not know what He has planned for us

• The conditions in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah were in favor of theQuraisy• However, the treaty ensured peace, and the Muslims were able tospread the message of Islām. Thousands became Muslims.

Lack of knowledge and ignorance can lead to disunity and battles

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED12

‘Umar (r.a.) narrated in the famous ḥadīth of Jibrīl thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said concerning the signs of the Hour,“͙that the slave girl will give her birth to her master.”

Muslim

The scholars gave a few interpretations of this hadīth.

Many Slavery

• That a slave gave birthto her master's son,and thus the son isalso her master.

own child.

This is the opinionadopted by Ibn Hājar,and he said this is themost preferable opinionbecause it is most general.


Good Treatment Towards The Parents

In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Usair ibn Jabir reported that when people from Yemen came to help the

Muslim army at the time of jihad, ‘Umar (r.a.) would search for a man named Uwais until hefinally met him.

‘Umar : Are you Uwais ibn Amir?Uwais : Yes.‘Umar : Are you from the tribe of Qaran?Uwais : Yes.‘Umar : Did you suffer from leprosy and then you were cured from it but forthe space of a dirham?Uwais : Yes.‘Umar : Is your mother (living)?Uwais : Yes.‘Umar : I heard llāh's Messenger (s.a.w.) say:

There would come to you Uwais ibn Amir with the reinforcement from thepeople of Yemen. (He would be) from Qaran, (the branch) of Murid. He hadbeen suffering from leprosy from which he was cured but for a spot of a dirham.His treatment with his mother would have been excellent. If he were to take anoath in the name of llāh, He would honor that. And if it is possible for you,then do ask him to beg forgiveness for you (from your Lord).‘Umar (r.a.) asked Uwais to beg forgiveness for him, and Uwais did.


13

‘ diyy ibn Ḥātim (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘O ‘Adiyy, have you seen Ḥīrah?’ I replied, ‘No, but I haveheard of it.’ He said, ‘If you live long, you will see a womanwho will travel from Ḥīrah until she makes ṭawāf of theKa‘bah not fearing anyone other than Allāh.’”

Bukhāri

There would be safety and security and people can travel without worry,as mentioned by the Prophet (s.a.w.) in another narration:

“͙By llāh! This religion (Islam) will be completed(and triumph) till a rider (traveler) goes from Ṣana`ā’(the capital of Yemen) to Hadramawt fearing nobody exceptllāh and the wolf lest it should trouble his sheep͙”

Bukhāri

MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US

46MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US

14

Abu Mālik Al-Ash‘ari (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“There will be people from amongst my ummah who make lawful[ḥalāl] adultery, silk, alcohol and musical instruments. There will besome people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in theevening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and askthem for something, but they will say to him, ‘Return to us tomorrow.’Allāh will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fallupon them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys andpigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection.”

Bukhāri

Only llāh has the right tomake things ḥalāl or ḥarām.

Obeying llāh’s commandis part of worship.worshipping that person.

When the Prophet (s.a.w.) recited verse 31 of Sūrah t-Tawbah: “They took their rabbis and their monks to be theirlords besides llāh”, ‘ di ibn Ḥātim commented, “They didnot worship them.” The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Yes they did.They (rabbis and monks) prohibited the allowed for them(Christians and Jews) and allowed the prohibited, and theyobeyed them. This is how they worshipped them.

Aḥmad, Tirmidhī, ṭ-Ṭabari


15

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the peopleboast about their mosques.”

Abu Dāwūd & An-Nasā’i

The Dead Masjidnas ibn Mālik (r.a.) said:“ time will come when people will be proudwith the Masājid and they would not revivethem. So they would be proud of the Masjidbut nobody would go to the Masjid, they justbuild the Masjid for the sake of building aMasjid but the masjid is dead.”people come together.

There is nothing wrong in beautifying themasjid, but when it is only about theappearance and nothing else takes place atthe masjid, the purpose is lost.

16

This act of using masjid just as apathway is disliked.‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “From thecloseness of the Hour or the signs of theHour is that people will use the mosquesas pathways.”masjid, instead of just walkingthrough the masjid to get to someSuyūṭi

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17

Thirty Or More?

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “By Allāh,the Hour will not be establisheduntil there appears deceitful liars,close to thirty, all of them claimingto be a messenger of Allāh.”to be a prophet. It is referring to thosewho actually have a significant number ofBukhāriknown.

The False Prophets

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w) said:“I had a dream while sleeping as if there were two goldbracelets in my hands which bothered me very much. So itwas revealed to me to blow them off. I blew them off andthey flew away. I interpreted them to be two liars whowould appear after me. One of them called Musaylamah ofYamamah, and Al-‘ nsi of Ṣan‘ā’.”

Tirmidhī

Some of the people who had claimed to be a prophet:

AswadAl-‘ nsi

TulayhaAl-Asadi


MusaylamahAl-KadhdhābSajāh bintAl-Ḥārith

Al-Mukhtāribn bī‘Ubayd llāhAl-ThaqafīAl-ḤārithIbn Sa‘īd

ElijahMuḥammad

MirzaGhulāmAḥmad

Musaylamah Al-Kadhdhāb

The Liar

Musaylamah Al-Kadhdhāb (Musaylamah The Liar) was from the Bedouins of Banu Hanīfah,a big tribe in the area of Yamamah. He was playing on the tribalism:

The Prophet (s.a.w.) from the Quraysh from the city dwellers

Musaylamah knew that the hearts of the people had nationalism, so he played on that.

One of his right hand supporters would clearly say:“The Liar of Banu Hanīfah is better than the Truthful of the Quraysh!”

Many of his followers knew he was lying.

50MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND USThe LettersMusaylamah once wrote a letterto the Prophet (s.a.w):From Musaylamah, the messenger ofGod to Muhammad, the messenger ofGod.

Peace be on you.guidance.

I am prepared to share this mission withyou. I shall have (control over) half theland and you shall have the other half.But the Quraysh are an aggressivepeople.

The Imitation

Musaylamah tried to imitate the Qur’ān but failed.In response to Sūrah Al-‘ ṣr, Musaylamah said,

“Indeed something similar has also been revealed to me:O Wabr (a small, furry mammal, hyrax), O Wabr!You are only two ears and a chest,and the rest of you is digging and burrowing.”

This is a miracle. You will find people who are intelligent and good at poetry, but if they tryto imitate Qur’ān, they come up with something that is not believable and miserable.

The Battle

Musaylamah had a huge following - thousands of people.It was a big fitnah, and this fitnah was not extinguished until the time of Abu Bakr (r.a.).

At first, Musaylamah’s army defeated the Muslim army lead by Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl (r.a.).Abu Bakr (r.a.) sent another army lead by Khalīd Ibn l-Walīd (r.a.). In this battle, theMuslims won and Musaylamah was killed by Wahsy.

(Washy was the man who killed the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) uncle Hamzah (r.a), but he became aMuslim after the conquest of Makkah.)

The battle with Musaylamah was one of the worse battles and many huffāẓ were killed.Abu Bakr (r.a.) then started the process of bringing the muṣḥaf together. And the projectcontinued into ‘Uthmān’s (r.a.) time.


18

‘Imrān ibn Ḥuṣayn (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Whosoeverrecites the Qur’ān, then let him askAllāh with it, for indeed there will comea people who will recite the Qur’ān andask the people with it.”

Aḥmad

[This is] a blessed Book which Wehave revealed to you, [O Muhammad],that they might reflect upon its versesand that those of understanding wouldbe reminded.

Ṣād 38: 29

The companions mentioned to theProphet (s.a.w.) about a man in chargeof an army unit who led them in prayerand always concluded his recitationwith Sūrat Al-Ikhlāṣ. The Prophet(s.a.w) said, "Ask him why he does so?"He was asked and he said, "This Sūrahcontains the Attributes of llāh,the Gracious, and I love to recite it.”The Prophet (s.a.w.) then told them,"Tell him that llāh loves him".

Riyāḍ aṣ-Ṣālihīn

19

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Hasten with actions before the arrival of trials like the pitch

blackness of the night. A person will awake a believer andwill be a disbeliever by evening, and another will be abeliever by evening but will be a disbeliever by morning;one of them will sell their religion for a worldly need.”

Bukhāri

Lack ofUnderstanding

Lack ofKnowledge

Easy to leaveIslām duringtrial

Many Muslims nowadays are born into a Muslim family but are only Muslims culturally.Worship has become just a physical act, and its spiritual component is lost.


20

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until my nation followsthe ways of the nations before it, hand span by hand span,arm span by arm span.”

Bukhāri

History Repeats Itself

From the time of Ādam (a.s.) until 10 generations after, there was no shirk.

The first act of shirk was committedby the people of Nūḥ (a.s.).Nūḥ said, "My Lord, indeed they haveWadd, Suwā', Yaghūth, Ya'ūq andNasr were five righteous man. Aftertheir death, Iblīs told the people tomake idols in honor of them.Generations later, Iblīs deceived thepeople saying that the forefathersused to worship the statues and theywere granted rain. Thus, the peoplestarted worship the statues.Ibn Àbbas (r.a.) said that

the idols that were amongthe people of Nūḥ (a.s.)wound up among theArabs afterwards.[Bukhāri

Modern time:Not only that shirk is prevalent, some people are following the way of the People of Sodom.

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21

Ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) narrated, “We were sitting with theProphet (s.a.w.) and he spoke of the trials to come until hementioned the trial of aḥlās, so he was asked concerning thistrial and he said, ‘It will be flight and plunder. There will thencome a test which is pleasant; but its murkiness will be dueto the fact that it is from a man from the people of my housewho will assert that he belongs to me, whereas he does not,for my friends are only the pious. Then the people will uniteunder a man who will be like a hip-bone on a rib. Then therewill be the little black trial which will leave none of thiscommunity without striking them, and when the people saythat it is finished, it will be extended. During it a man will bea believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening, sothat the people will be in two camps: the camp of faith whichwill contain no hypocrisy, and the camp of hypocrisy whichwill contain no faith. When that happens, expect the Dajjālthat day or the next.’”

Abu Dāwūd

Trial Of Ahlās• When people shouldstay in their houses• From a man whoclaim to be fromahlul-bayt

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22

the man and the woman, theyoung and the old, the free andBukhāri & Muslimwhen a man will say, ‘Why don’tthe people follow me even though

23

‘ bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed, before the Hourcomes there will be͙increase of literacy.”

AḥmadDecrease inIncrease inLiteracySeeking Knowledge

24

Abu Umayyah Al-Jumaḥi (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed from the signs of theHour is seeking knowledge from

the unqualified.”

ṬabarāniIncrease in Trials


Knowledge and Ignorance

Knowledge will be taken away and ignorance will be established in the hearts and minds ofpeople. How does that happen?

Death of the scholars‘ bdullah ibn ‘ mr ibn Al-’ s (r.a.) reported llāh’sMessenger (s.a.w.) as saying: “Verily, llāh does nottake away knowledge by snatching it from thepeople but He takes away knowledge by taking

away the scholars, so that when He leaves nolearned person, people turn to the ignorant as theirleaders; then they are asked to deliver religiousverdicts and they deliver them without knowledge,they go astray, and lead others astray.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

I Don’t Know

In the time of the companions, they would avoid freely giving any fatwa.

One of the tabi‘īn said, “I have seen more than 30 of the companions of the Rasulullāh(s.a.w.) sitting in the masjid. A person would come into the masjid asking a question andevery companion of Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) would send him to the next person: ‘I don’t have theanswer, ask the other companion.’”

Imām Mālik was visited by a person who came all the way from Spain. He asked Imām Mālik40 questions. Imām Mālik responded “I don’t know” to 36 questions; he only answered 4questions. The man told him, “I came all the way to hear you say ‘I don’t know’? What will Itell my people when I go back?” Imām Mālik said, “Tell them Imām Mālik said, ‘I do notknow.’”

More Education = More Ignorance?

The increase in literacy only benefits those who are enthusiastic to learn and valueknowledge greatly. But majority of the people do not benefit from it as people mostly focuson worldly education and neglect religious education.

In the past, the most intelligent people became the scholars of Islām. For example: Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī had amazing memory that he had to cover the second page of a bookin order not to memorize it together with the first page. Imām n-Nawawi lived for only 45 years, but he had written so many beneficial books,including Riyāḍ Aṣ-Ṣāliḥīn.


Seek Knowledge

“͙It is only those who have knowledgeamong His slaves that fear llāh͙”

Fāṭir 35: 28

Scholars of the past sacrificed a lot in order to gain knowledgeand they had high respect for knowledge.

ImāmAsh-Shāfi‘ī Memorized the Qur’ān at the age of 10; motivated by his mother.bu ʿ bdillāhMuḥammad ibnIdris Ash-Shāfi‘ī14/15. Went to Madīnah with a letter from the Governor of Makkah to theGovernor of Madīnah requesting to be introduced to Imām Mālik. Imām Mālik told him to learn Al-Muwattā’ from one of his studentfirst. Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī said he had already memorized l-Muwattā’.Imām Mālik asked him to recite one ḥadīth and was impressed whenhe did, so he asked him to read another, and another, until hecompleted reciting every hadīth in l-Muwattā’ in three days.Imām Mālik then took Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī as his student. Imām ḥmad chose to study under Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī even though hewas the youngest because of his vast knowledge; he had what otherscholars had and more. Died in 200H, at the age of 50.

ImāmAl-Bukhāripraying 2 raka'ah and making sure that it has been confirmed.bū ‘ bdullāhMuḥammad ibnIsmā‘īl ibnIbrāhīm ibnAl-Mughīrahibn BardizbahAl-Ju‘fīAl-Bukhārī


26

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Islam began as strange, and it will return just as it began;strange, so glad tidings to the strangers.”

Muslim

The Muslims are numerous, but only a few who truly understand what Islām is.

Thawban (r.a.) narrated: “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said:‘The people will soon summon one another to attack you aspeople when eating invite others to share their dish.’

Someone asked: ‘Will that be because of our small numbersat that time?’ He replied: ‘No, you will be numerous at thattime: but you will be scum and rubbish like that carried downby a torrent, and llāh will take fear of you from the breastsof your enemy and last enervation into your hearts.’Someone asked: What is wahn (enervation), O Messenger ofllāh?’ He replied: ‘Love of the world and dislike of death.’”

bu Dāwūd

Those who follow the religion of llāh may feel a sense of not belonging,out of place, not fitting in, and, in other words, of being strange


27

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“When the end of time approaches, there will scarcebe a dream of the believer except that it comes true,and those who have the most truthful dreams will bethose who are most truthful in speech͙”

Muslim

Scholars said that llāh provide support tothe believers by giving them truthful dream:

as there will be no more prophet

as an exchange to the decrease in knowledge

‘Ubādah ibn ṣ-Ṣāmit (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The (good) dreams of afaithful believer is a part of theforty-six parts of prophetism.”bad dream, he should seekrefuge with llāh from Satan andBukhāribad dream will not harm him."

Bukhāri

Note:Dreams can never be a form of shari‘ah.Rulings should not be made based on dreams only.

For example, before the Battle of Uḥud, the Prophet (s.a.w.) had a dream and interpretedthat they should encamp themselves in the city of Madīnah, but he followed the suggestionof some companions to go out of Madīnah to fight the Meccan.


28

‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “From the signs of the Houris the moon expanding.”

Ṭabarāni

As to how the moon expands, the scholars leave it as it isand did not give interpretation to it.

29

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until knowledge is takenand there are many earthquakes.”

Bukhāri

Earthquakes are happening:FACT FINDER

more frequentlyThe largest earthquake to strike inrecent times was in Valdivia, Chileat larger scales


30

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until wealth is plentiful tothe extent that a person will want to give the zakāh of theirwealth but will find no one to accept it and until the ArabianPeninsula returns to gardens and rivers.”

Muslim

Was It Green Previously?

The ḥadīth uses the word “return”: it means the rabian Peninsula was previously green.

Scholars said that during the time of Prophet (s.a.w.), some parts of the Arabian Peninsulawere like forest.

Climate Change

Nowadays, the Arabian Peninsula climate is changing: Cooler More rain More frequent harvest


31

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Time will become close, actions will decrease, stinginess willbe the norm, and killing will become prevalent.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

Scholars gave several definitions regarding the closeness of time:

(Literal)Time Passes By More Quicly• Day and night is still 24 hours but it isa shorter 24 hours.• Allah has the power to expand it ormake it narrow.Faster Mode Of Communication& Transportation• For example: email vs letter,car vs camel.• In modern time, most people do notsurvive past 100 years.


32

In the famous ḥadīth of Jibrīl, the Prophet (s.a.w.) was askedabout the signs of the hour, to which he replied, “͙that you

see the naked, barefooted shepherds competing in theconstruction of tall buildings͙”

Bukhāri

In the past, the Roman Empire and theFACT FINDERthe Arabian Peninsula because therewas nothing there and the peopleTallest building in ancient times:The Great Pyramid of Giza(146 m).Earliest record of tallestadorn the skylines of the big cities.building in recent times:The Washington Monumentbuilt in 1884 (169 m).not something bad.


33

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until wealth becomesplentiful to the extent that a person will have to gatherhis wealth whilst awaiting someone to accept his charity.He will call to him a man who will say,‘I have no need of this wealth.’”

Muslim

Wealth: Good or Bad?

Wealth is not disliked in Islām.There is nothing wrong in working to earn money and being wealthy

What is wrong is when one obtains money from ḥarām sources gets too attached to the wealth

Examples From The Pious Predecessors

‘Umar ibn‘ bdul ‘ zīzzakāh, so all zakāh money went to the treasury.

However, the Caliph himself lived in a mud house. He refused to begiven an entourage or live in the palace.

He told his wife to return all gifts that her father, her brother and heruncle, all of whom were previous caliphs, had given to her to thetreasury because they should not have given them. She returnedeverything except two clothes. He also took back the wealth fromthe family and returned it to the treasury.

65MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND USAbu Bakr (r.a.)

He gave away all his wealth in charity. The Prophet (s.a.w.) asked him,“What did you keep for your family?” and he said, “I kept for them llāhand His Messenger.”

When he was the caliph, ‘Umar (r.a.) would sometimes looked for him andfound him in the market buying and selling things.

‘Umar (r.a.)

attending the prayer.

‘Uthmān (r.a.)promised Jannah.

He bought the land surrounding Masjid An-Nabawi, and was promisedJannah.

He gave so much of his wealth in the preparation for the battle against theRomans that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “From this day on, nothing willharm Ùthmān regardless of what he does.”

‘ bdullāh IbnMubārak(A scholar)Once, a group of people on the way to Hajj had lost all their possession.‘ bdullāh Ibn Mubārak gave them all his money. Having no money, hecould not continue his journey to make Hajj, so he went home. He laterdreamed of glad tidings of accepted Hajj.

The pious predecessors were not attached to wealth and did not abuse their power to gainwealth. Rather, they used their wealth to serve the ummah and gain reward from llāh.

More Wealth = More Blessing?

Wealth can be a blessing and/or a test from llāh.It does not mean that a wealthy person is more beloved to llāh than a poor person.


34

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Time will become close, actions will decrease, stinginess willbe the norm, and killing will become prevalent.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

Generosity Of The Companions

The companions used to find everybu Sa`īd (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, "Do not abuse mycompanions for if any one of you spentgold equal to Uḥud (in llāh's Cause) itwould not be equal to a Mud or even ahalf Mud spent by one of them."

However, stinginess is nowBukhāricommunity.

More Wealth = More Stingy?

As with literacy and knowledge, the scale is now upside down.As people become attached to wealth and materialistic, they will tend to lose moral values horde money and want more for themselves

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “If a son of Ādamhad a valley full of gold, he would like to have two valleys, for nothing fills hismouth except dust. And llāh forgives him who repents to Him.”

Bukhāri

MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US35

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The earth will bring forth its treasures like pillars

of gold and silver. The murderer will come and say, ‘It ifor this that I killed.’ The one who broke the ties ofkinship will come and say, ‘It is for this that I cut off myties.’ The thief will come and say, ‘It is for this that myhand was severed.’ Then they will all leave withouttaking anything from that treasure.”may own some wealth,it is only temporary.They will not be able toMuslimwhen they die.

Earning a Living through Words36

This is referring to usingSa‘ad ibn Abī Waqqāṣ (r.a.) narrated that

the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “There will bepeople who eat [i.e. earn] through their

speech just as a cow eats from the earth.”false oath

false praisesAḥmad

in order to gain money.

Be Wary of Praises

‘Umar Ibn ‘Abdul ‘ zīz used to tell anyone who praised him to leave and always asked thescholars to remind him of death.


37

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until trials becomeapparent, lying becomes prevalent andmarkets become interconnected.”

Aḥmad

Interconnected markets may mean:

Easy ToFind Item• From around the worldFACT FINDER

World stock markets are now closely linkedthrough electronic trading and other means.

For example, when the value of onecurrency increases, such as the US Dollar,the value of a different currency, such asthe GB Pound, decreases.


38

‘Amr ibn Taghallub (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed from the signs of the Hour is͙a person willwant to buy something but will be told, ‘Not until I seekthe permission of the businessman from such and suchtribe,’ and a person will seek a scribe in a large areabut will find none.”

An-Nasā’i

39

Some people no longerAbu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet

(s.a.w.) said, “There will come upon the peoplea time when a person does not care abouttheir wealth; is it from ḥalāl or ḥarām.”involves ribā' (usury)

Bukhāri

The companions were extremely careful when it come to ḥalāl or ḥarām.

For example, Abu Bakr (r.a.) once ate some food bought by his servant using the moneyhe got from fortune telling years before. Upon hearing this, Abu Bakr (r.a.) made himselfthrow up to remove the food. This was because the Prophet (s.a.w.) said that “every meat(i.e. person) that was nourished with ḥarām is more deserving of the Fire.” [ hmad


40

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the peoplebuild houses which they adorn like the wayclothes are embroidered.”Note:It is not wrongAdab Al-Mufradhouse.

The Story of Qārūn

Qārūn is from the Bani Isrā’īl. Fir‘awn used him to keep Bani Isrā’īl at bay, and he was givenso much wealth it would require strong people to carry the keys to his treasures.People who were attached to the dunya would wish they were like him.

When the righteous people advised him not be arrogant and to be generous, he said“This has been given to me only because of the knowledge I possess.''llāh made the earth swallow him and his palace because of his arrogance.

41

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “The days and nightswill not stop until the most prosperousperson in this world is Luka’ b. Luka’.”

It refers to someone who wasa nobody who becomes the mostṬabarāninot through inheritance.


42

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘It will soon be that the people of Iraq cannot receive food ormoney.’ We asked from whom this would be and he replied,‘The non-Arabs’. He then said, ‘It will soon be that the peopleof Shām cannot receive food or money.’ We asked fromwhom this would be and he replied, ‘The Romans’. He thenremained silent for a while, after which he said, ‘Towards theend of my ummah there will be a leader who will pour out

wealth without counting.’”

may not bereferring toMuslimtime.


43

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the world will notperish until a day comes when the murderer does not knowwhy he committed murder, and the murdered does notknow why he was killed.’ He was asked, ‘How will that be?’He replied, ‘Indiscriminate killing, the perpetratorand victim will be in the Fire.’”

Muslim

The Victim In Hellfire?

Even though the victim waskilled, the victim will also bein the Hellfire because of hisintention to kill, as seen ina hadīth narrated byAbu Bakrah (r.a.).case for the killed?’ He answered, ‘BecauseHowever, one who is beingattacked and acts in self-defense is not the aggressorand will not be punished.Bukhāri & Muslim

Death Toll

World War IWorld War II

Vietnam WarInvasion of Iraq

73


44

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the Hour will not beestablished until evil and stinginess are prevalent, anduntil the honest are thought treacherousand the treacherous honest͙”

Ḥākim

Giving Salām to Acquaintances Alone,45

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.),“Before the Hour strikes, people will only give salām to theiracquaintances, commerce will be plentiful to the extent thata woman will help her husband in his business, the ties ofkinship will be severed, people will give false testimonyand truthful testimony will be hidden, andliteracy will become widespread.”

Aḥmad

The Prophet (s.a.w.) taught us to

SpreadSalām

and we shall enter paradise peacefully.[Tirmidhī]


46

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established - or - from the signs of thehour is that knowledge will be lifted, ignorance will becomeprevalent, alcohol will be consumed, adultery will bewidespread, men will decrease and women will increase,until there is a single man to fifty women.”

More womenthan men untilBukhāri & Muslim

ratio of 50:1.

47

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed, before the coming of the Hour there will be͙false testimony.”

Aḥmad

Giving false testimony is one of the major sins.

Lying is a sin.Lying while taking oath by llāh’s name is a greater sin.Why? Because one disrespects llāh by doing so.

When someone abuses llāh's name in oaths, it maydecrease people’s respect, fear and love of llāh.


48

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until inheritance is not distributed.”

Muslim

49

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Indeedfrom the signs of the Hour is the lifting of knowledge, prevalence ofignorance, drinking of alcohol and increase of adultery.”

bu Dāwūd

50

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “There aretwo groups in the Fire whom I have not seen͙ and women dressedand naked, disobedient and promiscuous, their heads will be like thehumps of camels. They will not enter Paradise or smell its scent, andindeed its scent can be found from the distance of such and such.”

Muslim

Also applies to immoral men.


51

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a person will pass bya grave and say, ‘Woe to me, if only I was in his place.’”

Bukhāri & Muslim

52

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Indeed from the Signs of the Hour is the appearance ofsudden deaths.”

Ṭabarāni


53

Ḥudhayfah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) saidconcerning the signs of the Hour, “There will be killingand strangeness to the extent that a person almostknows no one.”

Aḥmad

There are two ways to interpret this ḥadīth:

Breaking AwayFrom The Community

Preferring to be on one's own.away from everyone.However, it is better for a Muslim to mix

with the community than to be alone.Yahyā ibn Waththāb narrated:“From a Shaykh among theCompanions of the Prophet(s.a.w.), I think it is from theProphet (s.a.w.), who said:‘Indeed when the Muslim mixeswith the people and he is patientwith their harm, he is better thanthe Muslim who does not mixwith the people and is not patientwith their harm.’”

Tirmidhī


54

Imrān ibn Ḥuṣayn (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The best of my ummah is mygeneration, then those whofollow them and those who followthem. There will then appearpeople who will give testimonywithout having been asked to doso, they will be treacherous anduntrustworthy, they will makepromises but break them, andamongst them will be obesity.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

55

bdullāh ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“There will be towards the end ofmy ummah men who will rideupon saddles similar to ourbeasts, it will take them to thedoors of mosques͙”

Aḥmad

79


57

Many Peoplebdullāh ibn ‘ mr (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “The Hour will not beestablished until the people jostle with oneanother on the streets just as the donkeys do.”Mujma’l-Zawā’idFACT FINDERAnnually, it is estimated that Londondrivers spend 66 hours in traffic andNew York drivers spend 57 hours.

58

bu Mūsā Al- sh‘arī (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The Hour will not be established until a man kills hisneighbor, brother and father.”

Adab Al-Mufrad


59

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) wasasked about the Hour and said, ‘When trust is misplacedthen await the Hour.’ They asked, ‘How will this be?’ Hereplied, ‘When responsibility is given to the unworthy,then await the Hour.’”

Bukhāri

60

bu Umāmah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Towards the end of time there will be people who will havewhips like the tails of cows. They will leave in the morningunder the wrath of llāh and return in the evening underthe anger of llāh.”

Aḥmad


61

‘ li (r.a.) was reported to have said:Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated, “TheProphet (s.a.w.) said, ‘There will comeupon the people years of deception inwhich the liar is believed and thetruthful one is belied, the treacherousone is trusted and the trustworthy oneis believed treacherous, and the

Ruwaybiḍah will speak.’ It was asked,‘Who are the Ruwaybiḍah?’ He replied,‘The fool who speaks about the generalaffairs of the people.’”Bukhāri

• One becomesarrogant and thinkhe/she knowseverything• Some may chooseto stop learning• Shaytān uses thistrick to drive oneaway from goodness

82MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND USRuling With Other

62bu Umāmah l-Bāhili (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The knots of Islam will beuntied knot by knot͙ the first tobe untied will be rule and the lastwill be the prayer.”

Aḥmad

64

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘By the One whoseHand has my soul, the Hour will not be established until͙ the wu’ūl are

destroyed and the taḥūt appear.’ He was asked concerning them and replied,‘The wu’ūl are the nobility and the taḥūt are those who downtrodden.’”

bu Nu‘aym in Al-Ḥilyah

Right People, Right Time

The Prophet (s.a.w.) would choose a leader among his companions based on thecompanion’s potential and the time.

During the time of Abu Bakr (r.a.), Khalid Ibn Walīd (r.a.) was selected as the general.However, during the time of ‘Umar (r.a.), Khalid (r.a.) was replaced with bu ‘Ubaydah IbnJarrāḥ (r.a.). Why?

Because the people became too attached to Khalid (r.a.) that they thought as long as Khalid(r.a.) was there, they would win any war. ‘Umar (r.a.) wanted them to know that victory anddefeat are in the hands of llāh.


65

bu Sa‘īd l-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The Hour will not be established until the earth is fullof oppression and injustice.”

Mawārid’l-Ẓam‘ān

66

‘Ā’ishah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) saidconcerning the state of the people after the demise of therabs, “They will be like grasshoppers, the strong devouringthe weak until the Hour is established.”

Aḥmad

84MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND USCommon Denominators In These Signs

Lack ofknowledge

Not a goal

85MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND USExamples From The Pious PredecessorsDhul-Qarnayn was a just leadereven though he had great powerover the east and the west.the loan.poor man once demanded ‘Umar(r.a.) to give him something or hewould complain about him.money back.‘Umar (r.a.) went to the treasury,but there was nothing. The man didnot care.‘Umar (r.a.) said he did not evenhave an extra cloth to give to the

man, but still the man did not care.The man was amazed; he told that ‘ lī‘Umar then took of his top andgave it to the man.

During the time of ‘Umar ‘ bdul ‘ zīz, it was the custom that before they conquerany country, they would invite the people to Islam first.

However, the city of Samarkand was conquered by a surprise attack. The priests ofSamarkand sent a letter of complaint to Caliph ‘Umar ‘ bdul ‘ zīz, and he sent aletter in reply, asking the governor to appoint a judge and decide over this matter.

The judge ruled that all Muslim armies must leave the land immediately. Onlythen they could come again and invite the people to Islam, and the people wereallowed to choose between Islam, paying tribute, or war.

The priests and the people of Samarkand started to accept Islam because of thejustice.

86MINOR SIGNS YET TO COME

WORSHIP & KNOWLEDGE

Īmān Becomes Rare No More Ḥajj Destruction Of Ka‘bah

Lifting Of The Qur’ān A Single Sajdah Is Better Than The World Return To Idol Worship No More La Ilāha IllAllāh

NATURE

Removal Of Mountains Animals & Inanimate Objects Speaking Lack Of Blessing In Rain The Euphrates Revealing A Mountain Of Gold The Breeze Which Will Take The Soul Of TheBelievers

POWER & LEADERSHIP

Madīnah Expelling Its Evil Residents Ruin Of Madīnah A Ruler From The Tribe Of Qaḥṭān The Ruler Called ‘Jahjāh’ Ruin Of The rmy Wanting To Destroy The Ka‘bah Demise Of The Tribe Of Quraysh Conquering Of Constantinople The Muslims Going To Shām The Mahdī


67

bdullāh ibn ‘ mr (r.a.) said, “There will come upon thepeople a time when they gather and pray in the mosques,but there are no believers among them.”

Ḥākim

68

bu Sa‘īd l-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The Hour will not be established untilḤajj is no longer performed.”

Ibn Ḥibbān & Ḥākim


69

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Ka‘bah will be destroyedby Dhu Suwayqataynfrom byssinia.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

Abi Sukainah (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:

“Let the Abyssinians alone as longas they let you alone, and let theTurks alone as long as they leaveyou alone.”

bu Dāwūd

FACT FINDER

Abyssinia or Ethiopian Empirecovered the northern half ofmodern day Ethiopia and Eretria.

It existed from approximately1137 until 1975.

MINOR SIGNS YET TO COME70

Ḥudhayfah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said, “Islam will be studied just as onestudies tailoring a piece of cloth until themeaning of charity, prayer, pilgrimage, andfasting are not known. The Book of llāh will belifted in single night so that not even a verseremains upon earth. There will only remaincertain groups of people such as the elderlywho will say, ‘We heard our forefathers saying‘lā ilāha ill llāh’ so we too say it.’”Judgement.

Whoever obeys will enterḤākimdisobeys will enter Hellfire.

71

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “By the One whoseHand has my soul, the son of Mary is aboutto descend amongst you as a just ruler͙until a single prostration is better thanthe world and what it contains.”A single sajdah isbetter than the world

Bukhāri & Muslimworship is at that time.


72

‘Ā’ishah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘The night and day will not vanish until Lāt and ‘Uzzā areworshipped again.’ I said, ‘O Messenger of llāh, I thoughtthat was finished when llāh revealed, “It is He Who has sentHis Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, tomake it superior over all religions even though themushrikūn hate (it).” He replied, ‘It will be so long as llāhwills, then llāh will send a pleasant breeze, and everyonewho has a mustard seed of faith in their hearts will die, andonly the most evil will remain and they will return to thereligion of their forefathers.’”

Muslim

73

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until no one remains uponthe earth who will say, ‘Lā ilāha ill llāh’.”

Muslim


Samurah ibn Jundub (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the mountains are removed fromtheir places, and you will see great things which you never saw before.”

Ṭabarāni

75

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Bythe One whose Hand has my soul, the Hour will not be establisheduntil the predatory animals speak to people and until a person speaksto the tip of their whip and their shoelaces and until a person’s thighinforms them as to what their family did in their absence.”

Tirmidhī

Can Animals Speak?

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated: “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘While a manwas riding a cow, it turned towards him and said, 'I have not beencreated for this purpose, I have been created for sloughing.’ TheProphet (s.a.w.) added, ‘I, Abu Bakr and Ùmar believe in the story.’

The Prophet (s.a.w.) went on, ‘A wolf caught a sheep, and when theshepherd chased it, the wolf said, 'Who will be its guard on the dayof wild beasts, when there will be no shepherd for it except me?'’After narrating it, the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘I, Abu Bakr and Ùmartoo believe it.’”

Bukhāri


76

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the people will be givena widespread rain, but nothing from the earth will grow forth.”There will beplenty of rain,Aḥmadwill grow.

The Euphrates Revealing A Mountain Of Gold

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the Euphratesuncovers a mountain of gold over which people will kill.Out of every hundred, ninety nine will die, and each one ofthem will hope that they will be the survivor.”

Muslim

78

bdullāh ibn ‘ mr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.said, “͙then llāh will send a cool breeze from the direcof Shām, and no one who has a grain of faith or good inhearts will be left upon the earth, and even if one of youwere to enter into the heart of a mountain, the breezewould follow him and take his soul.”

the end of time,after someMuslimhave passed.

MINOR SIGNS YET TO COME

79

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“ time will come upon the people when a person will invitehis cousin and relative saying, ‘Come to prosperity, come toprosperity’, and Madīnah is better for them, if they onlyknew. By the One whose Hand has my soul, no one will leaveit willingly except that llāh will replace them with someonebetter. Indeed, Madīnah is like bellows expelling impurities,and the Hour will not be established until Madīnah expels its

evil residents just as bellows expel the impurities of iron.”

Muslim

80

Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“When Bayt’l-Maqdis is taken, Madīnah will become abandoned,and when Madīnah is abandoned there will be a great bwhen the great battle occurs Constantinople will be cand when Constantinople is conqueredthe Dajjāl will appear.”

bu Dāwūd


Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a man emerges fromQaḥṭān who will lead the people.”

Bukhāri & Muslim

82

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The nights and days will not pass until a slave will rule.He will be known as ‘Jahjāh.’”

Muslim

Jahjāh

In classical ArabicSomeone whoconstantly shouts.


83

Umm Salamah (r.a.) narrated “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘ person will seek refuge at the House, and an army will besent to kill him, but when it reaches the open ground theearth will swallow it up.’ I asked, ‘O Messenger of llāh,what of those who were forced to accompany the army?’He replied, ‘The earth will swallow them up and thenthey will be resurrected on the Day of Judgementbased upon their intentions.’”

Muslim

84

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The first of the tribes to go into demise will be Quraysh, andit is almost as if a woman will pass by a sandal and say, ‘Thiswas the sandal of a Qurashite.’”

Aḥmad


85

Mu’ādh ibn Jabal (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “When Bayt’l-Maqdis is taken, Madīnah will becomeabandoned, and when Madīnah is abandoned therewill be a great battle, and when the great battle occursConstantinople will be conquered, and when Constantinopleis conquered the Dajjāl will appear.”

bu Dāwūd

Bayt'l-Maqdis takenFACT FINDERMadīnah abandoned

Constantinople (Istanbul) was previouslyGreat battle

Constantinople conqueredleadership of Muḥammad Al-Fātiḥ in 1453 AD.

Dajjāl appear

86

bu Dardā’ (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The remaining Muslims on the day of trial will be inGhawṭah, besides a city named Damascus;from the best cities of Shām.”

Aḥmad

97

87

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Towards the end of time, the Mahdī will emerge. llāh willprovide for him rain and the earth will bring forth its vegetation,wealth will be bountiful, cattle will be plentiful and the ummahwill grow. He will remain for seven or eight [years.”

minor sign or amajor sign byḤākimscholars.

Who Is The Mahdī?

Meaning of Mahdī:bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that

the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “If there was onlya day remaining from this world, then llāhwould prolong that day so that a man fromme or my family can come, he will bearmy name and his father will bearthe name of my father.”Lineage:From the lineage of the Prophetbu Dāwūd & Tirmidhīthrough Ḥasan

His Descriptions:

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “The Mahdī is from me,he will have a prominent forehead andpointed nose, and he will fill the earth withfairness and justice just as it was filled beforehim with oppression and injustice. He willrule for seven years.”

bu Dāwūd


When Will He Emerge & Why?

Before his emergence:Three sons of a Caliph will fight and kill one another over the treasure of the Ka‘bah.

He will emerge from the East, and his initial supporters will also be from the East.He will arrive in Makkah, and the people will give him the pledge of allegiance.

What Will He Do?

He will rule with fairness and justice for seven years.‘Īsā (a.s.) will pray behind him as an honor reserved for the ummah of the Prophet (s.a.w.).

Misconceptions Regarding the Mahdī

1. The Mahdī was here and then went into hiding.2. We must create or search for the Mahdī.

Claimants to the title of ‘Mahdī’ over time:

Khalīfah Al-Mahdī of the Abbasid Empire(he will return near the end of time)

Muḥammad ibn Al-Ḥanafiyyah(died in 81 AH)

(died in 325 AH)

(died in 514 AH)

Muḥammad Aḥmad ibn ‘ bdullāh As-Sūdāni(died in 1885)

Muḥammad ibn ‘ bdullāh Al-Qaḥṭāni(died in 1980)

99MINOR SIGNS YET TO COMEThe Siege Of Masjid’l-.arām20 November 1979200 people entered Masjid’l-Ḥarām before Fajr, carrying“janazah” (which were actuallyconcealed weapons).their allegiance to him.

They took over Masjid’l-Ḥarāmjust before the Fajr.The Imām managed to escaped,but approximately 50 000 peopleincluding pilgrims were trapped

inside.

The Mahdī Litmus Test

Will not call to himself or order people to give him bay‘ah.

Name will match that of the Prophet (s.a.w.).

Lineage will return to Ḥasan b. ‘ lī (r.a.).Physical description as mentioned in ḥadīth.Circumstances of his emergence as mentioned in ḥadīth.

Rejection Of The Concept Of The Mahdī

No mention inthe Qur’ān• Many of the signs ofthe Hour are notmentioned in theQur’ān, e.g. the Dajjāl.Sunnah.

100MAJOR SIGNS OF THE HOUR

The Dajjāl

Khasf in West

Ḥudhayfah ibn Usaid Ghifari (r.a.)reported: “ llāh’s Messenger (s.a.w.)came to us all of a sudden as we were(busy in a discussion). He said: ‘What doyou discuss about?’ They (theCompanions) said, ‘We are discussingabout the Last Hour.’ Thereupon he said:‘It will not come until you see ten signsbefore’ and he made a mention of thesmoke, Dajjāl, the beast, the rising of the

sun from the west, the descent of ‘Ῑsā ibnMaryam (a.s.), the Ya’jūj and Ma’jūj, andland-slidings in three places, one in theeast, one in the west and one in Arabia, atthe end of which fire would burn forthfrom Yemen, and would drive people tothe place of their assembly.” The Mahdī → The Dajjāl →Descent of ‘Īsā → Ya’jūj and Ma’jūj.Muslim


i

The word “Dajjāl” in rabic means:• liar• deceiver• impostor

Who Is He?

The Dajjāl is a human.

‘Imrān ibn Ḥusayn (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

“There is no affair between thecreation of Ādam until the Hourgreater than the Dajjāl.”

Muslimhe [i.e. Dajjāl is one-eyed andllāh is not one-eyed.”Every prophet warned their nationabout the Dajjāl out of fear he willcome out at their time.

The Dajjāl is the greatest trial ever.With certain abilities that llāh has given him, he will bring out all types of trials:worship, knowledge, wealth, power, oppression, etc.

His Description

Short stature with a wide stance, prominent forehead and large body. Whitish skin complexion Thick curly hair One-eyed Right eye will protrude like a grape Left eye will be unclear as if there is a thin layer of film on it. Between his two eyes will be written the word ‘ka, fa, ra’(can be read by every literate and illiterate believer)


When Will He Appear?

Before the emergence Dajjāl: People have forgotten his name andmention, even in religious institution. There will be many wars. There will be in severe drought andfamine.

1styear2ndyear

3rdyear No vegetation

How Will He Appear?

When llāh decrees, the Dajjāl willemerge. He will come out because of the extremeanger that he will feel. (Allāh knows bestas to the cause of his anger). He will appear from the direction ofKhurasān.

Is He Alive Today?

Opinion 1: No

Opinion 2: Yes

• Ḥadīth of Fāṭimah bint Qays (r.a.) regardingthe experience of Tamīm al-Dāri (r.a.) asreported in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.• Ibn Ṣayyād, a young boy at the time of theProphet (s.a.w.) was suspected to be theDajjāl as reported in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim.

MAJOR SIGNS OF THE HOUR

Tamīm Al-Dāri and 30 others werelost at the sea and landed on anisland.

They met a huge beast with thickhair that called itself "Al-Jassāsah".

The beast told them to go to theman in the abandoned monastery.

They went there and founda heavily shackled man.

They asked the man who he was,but he returned thequestion to them.

He asked them about Lake Tiberius,the Spring of Zughar, and the

prophet of the illiterates.

He told them that he was the Dajjāl,and soon he will beallowed to leave.

He will travel the earth for40 days, entering all citiesexcept Makkah and Madīnah,which are forbidden to him.

The Prophet (s.a.w.) said this isconsistent with what he had toldthe companions about Dajjāl.

[Muslim]


His Powers

Claim to be god

• Disbelievers: Will be left to die in the famine• Believers: Will be given water and fruits etc.

Stay for 40 days• 1 day = 1 year• 1 day = 1 month

• 1 day = 1 week• The remaining days = normal

Traverse the earth• Like wind driven rain

Enter every land

• Except Makkah and Madīnah, which will besurrounded by gates and angels with swords

Order the rain to fall in places

Order the earth to produce its vegetation

Order the earth to bring forth its treasures

Have water and fire with him

• His water = fire• His fire = water

Show a person his deceased parents

• Jinns disguising as the "parents"• The "parents" will say that Dajjāl is the Lord• The child will believe

Kill people and bring them back to life


Dajjāl And The Greatest Martyr

believer will go towards Dajjāl.

He will meet the army, and when they ask if hebelieves in the Dajjāl, he will answer negatively.

Some of the army will want to kill him, but Dajjālforbids any killing without his consent. So they willtake him to Dajjāl.

s he sees Dajjāl, he will announce to the peoplethat this is the Dajjāl that the Prophet (s.a.w.)warned them about.

Dajjāl will ask if he believes in him,but the man will say that he is the false Messiah.

Dajjāl will cut the man in half, walk betweenthe two halves, and order him to stand up,and the man will stand up.

Dajjāl will ask again if he believes in him, but the manwill say that no doubt that he is the Dajjāl.

Dajjāl will try to kill him, but his neck will turn

into copper and he cannot be killed.

Dajjāl will throw him into what appears to be the fire.

The man will actually be thrown in Jannah andwill be the most eminent among the martyrsin the sight of llāh.


His Demise

The Mahdī will be

present duringthat time.

How To Safeguard Oneself From The Dajjāl

Residing inFleeing from theDajjāl

Knowing llāh and HisNames and Attributes

• To know that Dajjāl isnot llāh• The first ten [Muslim]

• In another narration,the last ten [Muslim]• Recite the completesūrah on Fridays

The Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“When any one of you has finished the last tashahhud,let him seek refuge with Allāh from four things and say:‘O Allāh, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, the torment of the Fire, the trials and tribulations of life and death, and the evil affliction of the Al-Masīḥ Ad-Dajjāl.’”Bukhāri & Muslim

107


Misconceptions Regarding The Dajjāl

The Dajjāl isnot real orit is symbolic.

HIDDEN SHIRKbu Sa’īd (r.a.) said:“The Messenger of llāh (s.a.w.)came out to us when wewere discussing Dajjāl and said:‘Shall I not tell you of that whichI fear more for you than Dajjāl?’We said: ‘Yes.’ He said:‘Hidden shirk, when a manstands to pray and makes it lookgood because he sees a manlooking at him.’”among my nation will continueto adhere to the truth and beIbn Mājahoppose them will not harmthem, until the command ofllāh comes to pass.’”

Ibn Mājah


ii

Background To ‘Īsā (a.s.)

One of the mightiest prophets of llāh. Born of a virgin birth llāh gave him many miracles during his time.E.g. One of the few to talk in the cradle.

llāh raised ‘Īsā (a.s.) to the heavens and made it seem to the people that he was crucified.

“ nd because of their saying (in boast), ‘We killed Messiah, son of

Maryam (Mary), the Messenger of llāh,’ - but they killed him not,nor crucified him, but the resemblance of ‘Īsā (Jesus) was put overanother man, and those who differ therein are full of doubts. Theyhave no (certain) knowledge, they follow nothing but conjecture.For surely; they killed him not. But llāh raised him up unto Himself.nd llāh is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise. And there is none of the peopleof the Scripture, but must believe in him, before his death. And onthe Day of Resurrection, he will be a witness against them.”

An-Nisā’ 4: 157-159

‘Īsā’s (a.s.) Descent

‘Īsā (a.s.) will descend before Fajr at the white minaret in theeastern side of Damascus wearing two lightly dyed garments his hands on the wings of twoangels

According to the scholars, the WhiteMinaret is referring to: The white minaret of a mosquebuilt during the Umayyad Empire The gate into Old Damascus


His Description

Medium height Prominent chest Reddish-white complexion Straight long hair

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet said: “The Prophets arepaternal brothers; their mothers are different, but their religion isone. I, more than any of mankind, have more right to Ìsa, son ofMaryam, for there was no Prophet between him and I. He willdescend, and if you see him, know him. He is a well-built man, (thecolor of his skin) between red and white. He will descend whilewearing two long, light yellow garments. His head appears to bedripping water, even though no moisture touched it. He will breakthe cross, kill the pig, and banish the Jizyah and will call the people toIslam. During his time, llāh will destroy all religions except Islam andllāh will destroy Al-Masīḥ Ad-Dajjāl (the False Messiah). Safety will

then fill the earth, so much so that the lions will mingle with camels,tigers with cattle and wolves with sheep. Children will play withsnakes, and they will not harm them. Ìsa will remain for forty yearsand then will die, and Muslims will offer the funeral prayer for him.)

Muslim


His Time Upon Earth

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated thatPray with the Muslims behind the MahdiOne in whose Hand is my soul, theson of Maryam will pass by theKill the Dajjāl in the ensuing battle.intention of Ḥajj and then ‘Umrahor making the intention of both of• Dajjāl will run when he sees ‘Īsā (a.s.).• ‘Īsā (a.s.) will chase him until theyreached the Gate of Ludd (nearJerusalem) where Dajjāl will be killed.

Become the next leader after the Mahdi

• Rule with sharī‘ah of Prophet (s.a.w.).• This will be a time of peace and justice.

Make Ḥajj

Visit the grave of the Prophet (s.a.w.)

His Death

He will remain on earth for 40 years, after which he will die. The Muslims will pray over him and bury him.


iii

The words Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj mean:• something intense• something extremely salty• to run very fast

Who Is Ya’jūj & Ma’jūj?

Two tribes from the children of Ādam, from the progeny of Yafith ibn. Nūḥ (a.s.).They were evil and corrupt people.

Their Number

It is reported that they will number in the thousands.For each person, he will have offspring of a thousand.

From the statement of ‘ bdullāh ibn ‘Umar (r.a.):

9/10:9/10:

Angels

Carrying tasksCreation9/10:1/10:Jinn & mankind

Mankind

Others

Their Description

Wide faces Small eyes Blackish red hair Faces are like shields Will swarm from every mound


The Dam

Dhul-Qarnayn came to a place between two mountains where thepeople spoke in a language that he could barely understand.

They asked him to build a barrier between them and Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj.

He build a dam to contain the Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj, using sheets of iron placed betweentwo mountains, melted and added with copper to strengthen the structure.

Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj are not able to break through the damuntil the promised time, as llāh has decreed.

[Al-Kahf 18:93-98]

Where Is The Dam?

Ibn Kathīr mentioned an expedition to search for the wall in his Al-Bidāyah Wan-Nihāyah.

Caliph Al-Wāthiq (d. 232 H) of the Abbasid Empire dreamed that the wall of Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūjwas opened. So he sent an expedition led by Sallām Al-Tarjuman in order to gain news of it.

The expedition took two years. They came to a dam built out of iron and copper, with hugelocked gates and located towards the north-east. The dam is very high and could not beclimbed, nor mountains next to it.

llāh knows best.

How They Will Escape The Dam

They will try to dig their way out of the dam.

In the evening, theywill leave saying:The next day:

* By making their effort dependent on the nameand will of llāh, they will be able to succeed.


Zaynab bint Jaḥsh (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “None has the right to be worshipped but llāh. Woe tothe Arabs from an evil drawing close. Today, there hasopened from the dam of Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj the likes of this.”He then made a circle with his thumb and forefinger.

Bukhāri & Muslim

Their Time on Earth

Once they emerge from the dam, they will:

swoop down fromevery mound

The believers with ‘Īsā will seek refugein the Mountain of Ṭūr.

Two mountains known as Ṭūr:They will beseech llāh’s help to killYa’jūj Θ Ma’jūj.


Their DestructionThe Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj will walk untilthey reach the Mountain of Al-Khamarin Baytul-Maqdis.

They will then say:“We have killed those who are uponthe earth. Let us now kill those whoare in the sky.”

They will throw their arrows towardsthe sky and the arrows returnbesmeared with blood. So they willthink that they have conquered theheaven as well.

llāh will destroy them withworm-like insects.*

* Show of llāh’s power:Destroying a large, unruly nationwith small creatures


iv-vi

Ḥudhayfah ibn Usayd Al-Ghifāri (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “It will not be established until thereare ten signs͙a khasf in the East, a khasf in the West and a

khasf in the Arabian Peninsula͙”

Muslim

What Is A Khasf?

Similar to a sinkhole.The earth opens up and closes again.

There have been similar incidents over time, but the three khasfsbeing referred to here will be unprecedented.

A khasf has been mentioned in the Qur’ān in other contexts,such as the punishment given to Qārūn.

“And We caused the earth to swallow him and his home. Andthere was for him no company to aid him other than llāh ,nor was he of those who [could] defend themselves.”

Al-Qaṣaṣ, 28:81


vii

Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Hasten with good deeds before six:the sun rising from the West, the Smoke, the Dajjāl, theBeast, your own death, and the Day of Judgement.”

Muslim

The Opinion Of The Scholars Regarding The Smoke

The scholars differed as to what the sign of the Smoke refers to:

Hardship and faminethe Qurayshexperienced• During the time of theProphet (s.a.w.) whenhe made du‘ā’ againstthem• Opinion of ‘ bdullāhb. Mas‘ūd and Imamaṭ-Ṭabarial-Khuḍri, it was alsothe opinion of Imam

Ibn Kathīr

The type of smoke is also unknown.

“Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke. Coveringthe people, this is a painful torment. (They will say): ‘Our Lord! Remove the tormentfrom us, really we shall become believers!’ How can there be for them anadmonition, when a Messenger explaining things clearly has already come to them.”

Al-Dukhān, 44:10-13


viii

In classical rabic, the word “Dābbah” (beast) means anything that walks.

Misinterpretation Of The Sign

In Turkey, remnant of what is said to be the rk of Nūḥ (a.s.) was found.Some people interpret the Beast as a symbol of the Ark.

What Is The Beast?

It is an actual beast.It will emerge from the earth.

There are opinions that the Beast will be the she-camel of Ṣāliḥ (a.s.) or its child.But there is no authentic narration, and llāh knows best.

When Will It Emerge?

It will emerge at forenoon (ḍuḥā).It will be immediately preceding or succeeding the rising of the sun from the west.

Where Will It Emerge?

There are a number of opinions:

Mount Ṣafa in Makkah

Underneath the Ka‘bahThe desert

No authentic narration.llāh knows best.


What Will It Do?

Speak to people.“And when the Word (oftorment) is fulfilled againstthem, We shall bring out fromthe earth a beast to them,which will speak to thembecause mankind believed notwith certainty in Our āyāt.”

Al-Naml, 27:82


iv

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The first sign to emerge will be the sun rising frWest and the beast emerging in the morning. Whichever ofthe two occurs first, the other will succeed it quickly.”

take place.

The Orbit Of The Sun

As recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhāri, bu Dharr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)told the companions about where the sun goes when it sets.

Every evening͙The sun comes before thethrone of llāh and prostrates.It seeks the permission tocontinue on its orbit.

llāh permit it to continue.has come and so it will rise in the west.

Hasten To Perform Good Deeds& Make TawbahAbu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated thatOne should always grab every opportunity to do good seek forgiveness and make tawbahthe Dajjāl, the Beast, your ownWhy?

Because we do not know when is our death the end of time


Once the time is up, faith, tawbah or good deeds will no longer be accepted.

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Once three events occur, it will not benefit any person to gainor increase in their īmān; the sun rising from the West, the Dajjāland the beast of the earth.”

Muslim

“Do they then wait for anything other than that the angels shouldcome to them, or that your Lord should come, or that some of theSigns of your Lord should come! The day that some of the Signs ofyour Lord do come, no good will it do to a person to believe then,if he believed not before, nor earned good through his Faith.Say: ‘Wait you! We (too) are waiting.’”

Al- n‘ām, 6:158


x

Ḥudhayfah ibn Usayd Al-Ghifāri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said, “It will not be established until there are ten signs͙thelast of which will be a great Fire which will emanate from Yemenand usher the people to their place of gathering.”

Muslim

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) narrated,

“The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘A greatFire will appear before the Day ofJudgement from the sea of Ḥaḍramawtor from Ḥaḍramawt which will gatherthe people.’ They asked, ‘What do youorder us to do then, O Messenger ofAllāh?’ He replied, ‘Go towards Shām.’”Go towards Shām.

Aḥmad

This will be the land of gathering.

How The Great Fire Will Gather The People

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “The people willbe gathered in three ways: Those who will have hope and fear, those ridingtwo on a camel, three on a camel or ten on a camel. The rest of the peoplewill be urged to gather by the Fire which will accompany them at the timeof their afternoon nap and stay with them whence they will spend thenight, and will be with them in the morning wherever they may be then,and will be with them in the afternoon wherever they may be then.”

Bukhāri


One that day, there people will begathered in three ways:Having hope and fearRiding camels

Pushed by the fire

At night, they will stop to rest and continue tomorrow.The fire will accompany them at all time.

123THE END OF TIME

The Trumpet will be blown

Everyone will become unconcious(except whom Allāh willed)

The Trumpet will be blown again

Everyone will be resurrected

Day of Judgement will begin

CONCLUSION

Seek Knowledge

• Don't underestimate any form of knowledge• Respect knowledge and the people of knowledge• Seek knowledge to benefit from it and come close to Allāh

Connect With Allāh

• When Prophet Yunus (a.s.) was in the belly of the whale, hemade dhikrullāh continously until llāh saved him.• When Prophet Ayyūb was tried, he stayed in the remembranceof llāh and made du'a to Him.

Be Patient And Steadfast

125

INTRODUCTION͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙..FIQH OF THE SIGNS OF THE HOUR͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙..

Err:510 Belief In The Signs Of The HourBelief In The last Day Infatuation with the Unknown: What to do when something is Incomprehensible to Us Warning Against Misinterpreting the Signs of the HourTimes Of Fitan (Trials) & How To Live In Such TimesHow To Live & Interact With The Signs Of The HourCategories Of The Signs Of The HourMINOR SIGNS OF THE HOUR͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙.Minor Signs Which Have Passed͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙..Prophethood & Death Of The Prophet (S.A.W.)Death Of The CompanionsEmergence Of KhawārijThe Splitting Of The MoonPlaguesA Fire In The Ḥijāz RegionThe Battle Of ṢiffīnConquering Of QudsConquering Of EgyptConquering Of IndiaFighting The Mongols12. A Slave Girl Giving Birth To Her Master13. Prevalence Of Safety & SecurityMinor Signs All Around Us͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙14. Making Lawful [ḥalāl Silk, lcohol nd Musical Instruments15. Boasting About & Beautifying Mosques16. Using Mosques As Pathways17. False Prophets18. Reciting The Qur’ān For Money19. Apostasy In A Day20. Following The Ways Of Those Who Preceded Us21. A Trio Of Trials22. Ignorance23. Increase Of Literacy24. Seeking Knowledge From The Unqualified25. Boasting Knowledge With Little Action26. The Strangeness Of Islām27. Dreams Of The Believers Coming TrueThe Moon ExpandingMany EarthquakesArabian Peninsula Returning To GreeneryCloseness Of TimeCompeting In The Construction Of Tall BuildingsWealth Becoming Plentiful

StinginessThe Earth Bringing Forth Its TreasuresEarning A Living Through WordsInterconnected MarketsThe Markets Being Controlled By A FewNot Caring About Lawful IncomeAdornment Of HousesThe Most Prosperous Of People Is Luka‘ B. Luka‘Embargos Upon Iraq nd ShāmIndiscriminate KillingDistrusting The Honest And Trusting The DishonestGiving Salām To cquaintances lone, Plentiful Commerce& Cutting The Ties Of KinshipMore Women Than MenFalse TestimonyInheritance Not Being DistributedIncrease Of AdulteryImmoral WomenWishing For DeathSudden DeathPeople Like StrangersObesityNew Modes Of TransportCutting Of Family TiesCongestionMurder Of Those ClosestResponsibility Falling To The UnworthySecurity Personnel Beating The PeopleThe Foolish Speaking About The Affairs Of The PeopleRuling With Other Than The Sharī‘ahAttacks On The Muslim EmpireUnworthy LeadersWidespread Injustice & OppressionThe Strong Devouring The Weak

8788888990

90919192

9276. Lack Of Blessing In Rain 93

9378. The Breeze Which Will Take The Soul Of The Believers 93

949495

82. The Ruler Called ‘Jahjāh’ 9596

84. Demise Of The Tribe Of Quraysh 96979798

101The Dajjāl 102Descent Of ‘Īsā 109Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj 112Khasf In East 116Khasf In West 116Khasf In Arabian Peninsula 116The Smoke 117

118The Sun Rising From The West 120The Great Fire 122

124125

This world is only temporary.

Our real home is Jannah,where our father,Ādam (a.s.) came from.

We are travelers on our wayhome, gathering provisionsalong the way.

We should not: get attached withthis dunya forget our objective.

1

Forget or ignore things that are difficult or disliked

Signs of the last day are placed all around us like signposts, which put things intoperspective and remind us of our destination while we are travelling on this earth.

It is very important that we recognize these signs, so that when we do see or encounter

advised ‘Uthmān to gather the Qur’ān into one standard version or otherwise the

would ask the Prophet (s.a.w) about trials and difficulties

“People used to ask the Prophet (s.a.w.) about good things,

I was afraid that they might overtake me.” -Ḥudhayfah-

Trial Of Trial OfWealth Knowledge• The owner of • Mūsā and Khidrthe two

We are encouraged to recite this sūrah weekly as a reminder about our challenges and

llāh (s.w.t.) orders us to beprepared for the last day.

The Prophet (s.a.w.)informed us of the signs ofthe last day to prepare us ofwhat is to come.

3

Belief in the Unseen is the first characteristic mentioned by llāh about the pious people.

It encompasses the beliefs in llāh in the angels in the books

In the early days of da‘wah, the Prophet (s.a.w.) focused on the belief in llāh.The early revelations also focus on the unseen: Jannah, Hellfire, qiyāmah etc.

“A person does not truly believe until s/he believes in four:that none has the right to be worshipped except Allāh and Iam His Messenger who He sent with the truth, believes in

The Prophet (s.a.w.) once talked about his ummah who believe in himeven though they never met him. He called them his “brothers”.

Anas ibn Malik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“I wish I could see my brothers". The Companions asked," ren’t we your brothers O Prophet of llāh?" He replied,"No, you are my Companions. My brothers are those who

‘Uthmān was besieged for 22 daysduring which he refused both to

give up Marwan and to resign.He was killed on the last day ofDhul-Hijjah, on the day of Jumàhby several men who had crept intohis house.

When Abu Dharr (r.a.) died inal-Rabdha, there was no one withhim except his wife and his youngboy.

‘ bdullāh ibn Mas`ūd (r.a.) camewith some people of Iraq. Whenthe boy saw them, he asked themto help bury Abu Dharr (r.a.), acompanion of the Prophet (s.a.w.)

Ibn Mas’ūd came down and weptsaying: " llāh's Messenger toldthe truth."

5

Belief in the last day is often paired with belief in llāh:

whereas belief in the Last Day is not directly connected to llāh.

WHAT IS UNKNOWN:‘rāf 7: 187 When it will happen

WHAT IS KNOWN: The day it will happen Its signs

WHAT IS IMPORTANT: Our preparation

7

Do they then wait for anything other than that the angels

believed not before, nor earned good through his Faith.

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the sun rises from

the West, so when the people see this they will believe,

What To Do When Something Is Incomprehensible To Us

What we understand

“How wonderful is the affair of the believer, forhis affairs are all good, and this applies to no onebut the believer. If something good happens to

Do not try to

interpret the signs to something that weunderstand.

It is not our responsibility to explain the signs of the Hour or make complete sense of them.

Reasons For Misinterpreting The Signs Of The Hour

Ignorance As To How To ActDuring Times Of Fitan

A Need ToHelp Islam• We are only obligated to belief andfollow Allah's commandment to thebest of our own ability.• We should not do somethingwithout having knowledge andunderstanding of the matter.

Examples Of Misinterpretation Of The Signs Of The Hour

• Every generation has people claiming to be the Mahdi.

• Some say the Dajjāl is only a symbol, not a real person.• Some give specific time to which the Dajjāl will appear even

Authentic ComprehensiveSources Overview• All our information is • Narrations concerningtaken from authentic a particular trial needsources. The authentic to be gathered so thatnarrations are a comprehensivetruthful. overview can be• However, the achieved.understanding the • One narration is not

scholars have of those taken exclusivelytexts can differ. without proper

context, whileneglecting others.

Literal NotMeaning A Ruling• Texts are to be taken • The texts concerningliterally unless there is trials/signs are froma reason to explain it the affairs of theotherwise. unseen and speak• Example: The exact about events.meaning of the • They are not meantSmoke. to give rulings unless• Even companions of there is a clearthe Prophet (s.a.w.) reasoning whichhad different shows this to be theopinions. case.

Clarity ClearAnd Context Link• Signs and trials that • Signs and trials cannotare incomprehensible be linked to ato the lay people particular event,should not be spread individual, time orunless with proper place until the eventclarity and context, has taken place, or thesuch as in an event, individual, timeacademic setting. or place can be clearly

Ibn Ùmar (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“O llāh! Bless our Sham and our Yemen.” People said,

Bless our Sham and Yemen.” They said again, “Our Najd

CLEAR LINK?

place (classical

CLEAR LINK?

Hisham, whonarrated this hadīthfrom his father,

instead of the Last

No BeTimelines Steadfast• We are unable to give • Have trust in llāhexact timelines for the and His decree.Signs of the Hour. • Focus on ourselvesand our īmān.• Work for our dunyaand ākhirah and askllāh to keep ussteadfast on ourreligion.

Ṣayyād, ‘Umar (r.a.) said, “O llāh's Messenger (s.a.w.)!

you cannot over-power him; and should he be someone

decreed cannot be

The Prophet (s.a.w.) was telling the companions about

how long will he stay on earth?” He (s.a.w) said: “Fortydays, one day like a year, one day like a month, one day

BE STEADFAST!

The companions

worship llāh

How To Live & Interact With The Signs Of The Hour

Reasons To Know Them

Should increase To know throughthe urgency to To be waryprepare for the of them.

Hour.Don’t understand a sign?Return it to those who do understand it.General RulingDo not spend timefocusing on them at theexpense of all else.

Continue to fulfill our responsibilities.

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Ifthe Hour is established and oneof you has a seed in his hand andis able to plant it, let him do so.”

Adab Al-Mufrad

What if a trial does afflict you?

MajorSigns

Present FutureScholars have many definitions and differentiation between the major and minor signs.Minor Signs Major SignsAffect either small or large Occur on a large scale, affect vast

multitudes of people and have alasting impact.

Occur at certain time and can be Occur one after the other in quickdecades apart. succession.

The first sign started well before The signs will immediatelyQiyāmah and some may continue precede the Day of Judgement.until the final hour.

Some of these minor signs take

Scholars agreed that the tenmentioned in this ḥadīth arethe major signs of the Hour.1. The smoke2. The Dajjāl3. The beast4. The rising of the sunfrom the west5. The descent of‘Ῑsā ibn Maryam (a.s.)6. The Ya’jūj and Ma’jūj

7. Land-sliding in the east8. Land-sliding in the west9. Land-sliding in Arabia10. The fire

However, no exact order is knownexcept:

Dajjāl

‘Ῑsā (a.s.)

Ya’jūj & Ma’jūj

16

Religion

Prophethood & Death Of The Prophet (s.a.w.)

The coming of the Prophet (s.a.w.) and his death are the first signs of the Hour.

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

the Prophet (s.a.w.) in his tent during the Battle of Tabūk,and he (s.a.w.) said, “Count six before the Hour: my death͙”

llāh (s.w.t.) prepared the companions for the passing of the Prophet (s.a.w.).

Ibn ‘ bbās (r.a.) reported that when Sūrah n-Naṣr was

18Religion

Abu Sa‘īd Al-Khudri (r.a.) narrated: “The Prophet (s.a.w.)addressed the people saying: ‘Allāh has given option to aslave to choose this world or what is with Him. The slave haschosen what is with Allāh.’ Abu Bakr (r.a.) wept, and we wereastonished at his weeping caused by what the Prophet(s.a.w.) mentioned as to a Slave (of llāh) who had beenoffered a choice, (we learned later on) that Allāh's Apostle(s.a.w.) himself was the person who was given the choice,

‘Abdullāh Ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) said: “I went to see the Prophet(s.a.w.)[during his death sickness] and found him suffering

‘O Messenger of Allāh! Indeed you are suffering from intensepain.’ He replied: ‘Yes, I suffer twice as much as anyone else

replied: ‘Yes.’ Then he said to me: ‘ llāh will remove sins,just as a tree sheds its leaves, for any Muslim who is afflicted

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated: “When the Prophet (s.a.w.)became gravely ill, he began to lose consciousness, so hisdaughter Fāṭimah (r.a.) exclaimed: ‘What extreme pain myfather is suffering!’ The Prophet (s.a.w.) heard this and

19Religion

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) said: “I have never witnessed a brighterday than when the Prophet (s.a.w.) entered Madīnah withAbu Bakr (r.a.) and I was present at the death of the Prophet(s.a.w.) and have never witnessed a gloomier day than that.”

and verily, they (too)will die.

Az-Zumar 39: 30

When the companions heard about the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.), they could not believe

Abu Bakr (r.a.) said, “Whoever worships Muhammad (s.a.w.) should know that Muhammad(s.a.w.) died. Whoever worships llāh should know that llāh is Hayy (immortal).”

Ibn ‘Abbas (r.a.) said, “By llāh it sounded as if people had never heard such a Qur’ānicverse till Abu Bakr recited it as a reminder. So people started reciting it till there was no man

Ibn Al-Musayyab said that 'Umar (r.a.) had said, “By llāh as soon as I heard Abu Bakr say it,I fell down to the ground. I felt as if my legs had been unable to carry me so I collapsed

when I heard him say it. Only then did I realize that Muhammad (s.a.w.) had really died.”

Abu Bakr (r.a.) also quoted the verse from Sūrah Az-Zumar to remind the companions.

Religion

The death of Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) was the worst trial that we ever had.

The Prophet (s.a.w.) informed us that his death would be agreat disaster by saying: “O people! If any believer is afflictedby a disaster, let him remember the disaster of my death, sothat this may give him ease, as nobody will be afflicted with a

The first revelation, “Iqra’”, shows the importance of knowledge.llāh also mention revelation or knowledge first before He mention about creation in

Taught the Qur'an.Created man.Ar-Rahmān 55: 2-3

Once revelation stop coming, people will lose knowledge of the Qur’ān.The further we are from the generation of the Prophet (s.a.w.), the less knowledge we have.

The people will go back to idol worship. The shahādah, to them, is something that theirforefathers used to say, and they do not understand it.

Religion

Death of the Companions

Abu Mūsā (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The stars are the guardians of the skies, and when they go

promised. I am the guardian for my companions and when Igo, there will come upon my companions that which has

been promised. My companions are the guardians for myummah, and when they go there will come upon my ummah

Ùthmān ibn Madh'un (r.a.) said: “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘This one is the lock upon the fitnah (sedition and trials),’and he indicated ‘Umar (r.a.) with his hand. ‘There willremain a door strongly locked between you and the fitnah

The knowledge that the Prophet (s.a.w.) taught them

When they died, more and more trials befell the Muslims.

22Religion

Messenger (s.a.w.) as saying: “Verily, llāh does not takeaway knowledge by snatching it from the people but Hetakes away knowledge by taking away the scholars, so that

ignorant as their leaders; then they are asked to deliverreligious verdicts and they deliver them without knowledge,

llāh will not erase knowledge in one night, but through the death of scholars.

Imam Aṭ-Ṭabari’s students requested him to write a commentary of the Qur’ān.When he told them he wanted to produce a 30,000-page tafsīr, the students were stunnedand worried that they would not be able to complete the task.

The resulting book, Jāmi‘ Al-Bayān ‘ n Ta’wīl Āy Al-Qur’ān or better known as Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari, is one of the best and greatest Tafsīr ever produced.

Imagine having a commentary of the Qur’ān 10 times the size of Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari.A lot of Imam Aṭ-Ṭabari’s knowledge regarding the Qur’ān was lost once he died.

Companions Knowledgeand scholars decreases.

Religion

Emergence Of Khawārij

‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Therewill emerge towards the end of time a people who are young in age andimmature in thought. They will recite the Qur’ān but it will not pass beyondtheir throats, and they will narrate from the sayings of the best of creation.They will pass out of this religion just as an arrow shoots out of the bow.”

Khawārij is the plural of khārij, which means people who rebel.

Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) spoke to the companions about the characteristics of the Khawārij in thisḥadīth when a man accused him (s.a.w.) of not being just:

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khudri reported: “When we were in the company of theMessenger of llāh (s.a.w.) and he was distributing the spoils of war, therecame to him Dhul-Khuwasira, one of Banu Tamim. He said: ‘Messenger ofllāh, do justice.’ Upon this the Messenger of llāh (s.a.w.) said: ‘Woe beupon you! Who would do justice, if I do not do justice? You would beunsuccessful and incurring a loss, if I do not do justice.’ Upon this ‘Umar ibnKhaṭṭāb (r.a.) said: Messenger of llāh, permit me to strike off his neck.’

The Messenger of llāh (s.a.w.) said: ‘Leave him, for he has friends (whowould outwardly look to be so religious and pious) that everyone amongyou would consider his prayer insignificant as compared with their prayer,and his fast as compared with their fasts. They would recite the Qur'an but itwould not go beyond their collarbones. They would pass through (theteachings of Islam so hurriedly) just as the arrow passes through the prey͙’”

جήخ

Religion

Punish themMu‘āwiyah (r.a.)and his supporters

Became known as the Khawārij Did not except ‘ li (r.a.) or Mu‘āwiyah (r.a.)as their leader

25Religion

‘ bdullāh ibn ‘ bbās (r.a.) went to speak to the Khawārij, even though ‘ li (r.a.) advised himnot to go as he feared for Ibn ‘ bbās’ life as the Khawārij were ignorant people.

To which Ibn ‘ bbās (r.a.)answered:llāh (s.w.t.) told us to refer to people to makejudgement based upon the Qur’ān.

Who would take ‘Ā’ishah (r.a.), who was inMu‘awiyah’s camp, as a spoil of war?

The act of removing the title of was the same aswhen the Prophet (s.a.w.) deleted his title of“Messenger of llāh” and replacing it with hisname during the treaty of Ḥudaybiyyah.

some of them remained rebellious to the extent of killing the companions.

The term khawārij does not refer to a specific group of people.

Nature

The Splitting Of The Moon

The Meccan requested for a sign and saw the splitting of the moon over Mount Hira’.But they still disbelieved and said, “Muhammad has taken us by his magic.”

The Hour has come near,and the moon has split [in two].And if they see a miracle,they turn away and say,"Passing magic."Al-Qamar 54: 1-2

Ῑmān is not about seeing and thus believing; it is in the heart.

The sea The lice The flood The frogs The locusts The blood

And indeed We punished the people of Pharaoh with years ofdrought, and shortness of fruits, that they might remember. Butwhenever good came to them, they said: "Ours is this." And if evilaffect them, they ascribed it to evil omens connected with Moses andthose with him. Be informed! Verily, their evil omens are with llāhbut most of them know not. They said to Moses: "Whatever Ayat youmay bring to us, to work therewith your sorcery on us, we shall never

believe in you." So We sent on them: the flood, the locusts, the lice,the frogs, and the blood: manifest signs, yet they remained arrogant,

‘rāf 7: 130-133

Nature

They witnessed many miracles of Prophet Musa (a.s.), for example:

llāh warned them that if they disbelieve after He has sent down His sign, they will bepunished in the way no one has ever been punished before.

Remember when the disciples said: “O Jesus, son of Mary!Can your Lord send down to us a table spread (with food)from heaven?” Jesus said: “Fear llāh, if you are indeedbelievers.” They said: "We wish to eat thereof and to bestronger in Faith and to know that you have indeed told us

Jesus, son of Mary, said: “O llāh, our Lord! Send us fromheaven a table spread (with food) that there may be for us -for the first and the last of us - a festival and a sign fromYou; and provide us sustenance, for You are the best ofsustainers.” llāh said: “I am going to send it down unto

punish him with a torment such as I have not inflicted on

28Nature

They requested the Prophet (s.a.w.) to bring them signs, including making llāh and His

And they say, "We will not believe you until you break openfor us from the ground a spring. Or [until] you have a gardenof palm trees and grapes and make rivers gush forth withinthem in force [and abundance]. Or you make the heaven fallupon us in fragments as you have claimed or you bring llāhand the angels before [us]. Or you have a house of gold or

NaturePlagues

FACT FINDER PLAGUE

Plague is a deadly infectiousdisease that is caused by theenterobacteria Yersinia pestis.

It is primarily carried by rodents

Possibly an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis.(The same cause of the “black death” plague across the world at that time.)

638 AD to 640 AD

Egypt Iraqmwās.

One of the companions who was promised paradise. The mīn (Trustworthy) of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) ummah. Suggested by ‘Umar (r.a.) as the leader after the beloved Prophet (s.a.w.)had passed away, before pledging his allegiance to Abu Bakr (r.a.) Close adviser to Abu Bakr (r.a.) and ‘Umar (r.a.)He did not disobey any orders in any matters, except once.

30Nature

Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) was leading the Muslim forces in Ash-Shām (Syria).It was then that a plague hit and devastated the population of Ash-Shām.

‘Umar (r.a.) dispatched a messenger to Abu ‘Ubaydah with a letter saying:“I am in urgent need of you. If my letter reaches you at night I strongly urge you to leavebefore dawn. If this letter reaches you during the day, I strongly urge you to leave before

He wants to secure the survival of someone who, however, is not eternal.”

“I know that you need me. But I am in an army of Muslims and I have no desire to savemyself from what is afflicting them. I do not want to separate from them until God wills. So,when this letter reaches you, release me from your command and permit me to stay on.”

When ‘Umar (r.a.) read this letter tears filled his eyes and those who were with him asked:

Before long, Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) became afflicted with the plague and died.

‘Abdurrahmān ibn ‘Awf (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said: “If you hear that an epidemic has broken out ina land, do not approach it. If it attacks a land where you live,

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED NatureA Fire In The .ijāz Region

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a raging fire emergesin Ḥijāz which will illuminate the necks of camels in Buṣra.”

FACT FINDER MADĪNAH-BUṢRA

Hijāz = An area in the Arabian Peninsula(including Makkah and Madīnah)

Busra = A town in Syria(different from Basra in Irāq)

Distance Madīnah-Buṣra= Just under a 1,000 km

llāh controls the fire and uses it as signs over and over.For example, llāh made the fire cool and peaceful for Ibrāhīm (a.s.) and saved him.A similar miracle also happened to a tabi‘ī scholar, bu Muslim l-Khawlāni (r.a.).

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSEDThe Story of Abu Muslim Al-Khawlāni (r.a.)When Al-Aswad the False Prophet gained a considerable following in Yemen, he and AbuMuslim Al-Khawlāni (r.a.) had a dialogue.

: “Do you bear witness that I am indeed the Messenger of llāh?”: “I do not hear.”: “Do you bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of llāh?”: “Yes.”

Al-Aswad repeatedly asked the two questions, and Abu Muslim (r.a.) repeatedly gave the

Al-Aswad became furious and he ordered for Abu Muslim (r.a.) to be thrown into a largefire. But the fire did not harm or burn Abu Muslim in the least.

Someone advised Al-Aswad: “Send this man away, for if he stays, he will cause your

Al-Aswad, fearing Abu Muslim (r.a.) and being certain, based on his prior experience, that hewould not be able to kill him, ordered him to leave Yemen.

Abu Muslim (r.a.) headed towards Madīnah, and by the time he arrived there, theMessenger of llāh (s.a.w.) had already passed away, and Abu Bakr (r.a.) was the Khalīfah.

He tied his riding animal to the door of the Masjid, went inside and began to pray.

: “Where are you from?”: “I am from the inhabitants of Yemen.”: “What happened to the man that 'The Liar' tried to burn with fire?”: “That was ‘ bdullāh ibn Thaub.”: “I ask you by llāh, are you him?”

Abu Muslim (r.a.) could not lie, so he simply answered in the affirmative.

‘Umar (r.a.) hugged him and cried, and he then seated Abu Muslim (r.a.) between himself

And then 'Umar (r.a.) said, “All praise is for llāh, Who has delayed my death enough forHim to allow me to see among the nation of Muhammad a person for whom llāh cause thesame thing to occur as He caused to occur for Ibrāhīm (a.s.).”

Nature

One of the greatest ways is through the creations i.e. nature.

Many miracles which happened revolved around nature. For example:

Many verses in the Qur’ān talk about nature, including verses concerning the Last Hour.

When the sun is wrapped up [in darkness]. And when the starsfall, dispersing. And when the mountains are removed, andwhen full-term she-camels are neglected. And when the wildbeasts are gathered. And when the seas are filled with flame.

These signs affect not only a small group of people, but everyone in the society.

34MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED BattlesThe Battle Of .Siffīn

When?36 AHWho?Between the armies of ‘ li (r.a.)and Mu’āwiyah (r.a.)

Bukhāri & Muslim

Hypocrites Hypocrites

Both armies initiallycame to talk. Therewere no fighting.

Mu‘awiyah (r.a.) ordered his army to raised the Qur’ān

Battles

After the death of ‘ li (r.a.), Ḥasan ibn ‘ li (r.a.) became the caliph.He then gave up the caliphate to Mu‘awiyah (r.a.) to preserve unity among the Muslims.

Abu Bakrah (r.a.) narrated that once the Prophet (s.a.w.)brought out Al-Hasan and took him up the pulpit along withhim and said, "This son of mine is a Sayyid (i.e. chief) andI hope that llāh will help him bring about reconciliation

36Battles

Conquering of Quds

First ConquestDuring the time of ‘Umar (r.a.)In 16 AH /637 CE.

In 583 AH / 1187 CE.

At the time of the caliphate of ‘Umar (r.a.), Abu ‘Ubaydah Ibn Jarrāḥ (r.a.) lead the Muslimarmy to surround Jerusalem. The people of Jerusalem sent a message that we are willing tosurrender, but they would only hand over the keys to Jerusalem to the Khalīfah.

‘Umar (r.a.) went with his servant and they were taking turns on a donkey: ‘Umar (r.a.)would ride for a while and then the servant would ride for a while and then they would give

As they reached the outskirt of Jerusalem, Abu ‘Ubaydah (r.a.) came to greet them.It was ‘Umar’s (r.a.) turn to pull the donkey and his servant’s turn to ride it. When they cameacross a puddle and ‘Umar (r.a.) picked up his clothes and crossed it.

“I fear that the people of the village will think you without honor.”

“Oh Abu ‘Ubaydah, if only someone less knowledgeable then you made such a statement.We were of the most disgraced of people, and llāh granted us honor with this Islām. Now,whenever we seek honor in other than that which llāh honored us with, llāh shall

Battles

The time for ṣalah came. Bilāl (r.a.) was present, but after the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.),

The companions asked ‘Umar (r.a.) to urge him to call the dhān, just this time.

"O Bilāl! The Companions of the Messenger of llāh implore you to call the dhān andremind them of the time of their Prophet, on whom be the blessings of llāh and peace."

he broke down and cried. The companions also broke down and cried.

However, Bilāl (r.a.) continued and completed the adhān.

This was the first and the last time Bilāl (r.a.) made a complete adhān after the death of the

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED BattlesConquering Of Egypt

When?Abu Dharr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet During the Caliphate of ‘Umar(s.a.w.) said, “You will conquer a land in (r.a.) in 21/22Hwhich there is qīrāṭ, so be good to its peoplefor they have protection and relations, but Who?when you see two men fighting one another Conquered by Muslim army leadover a brick then leave.” by ‘ mr ibn l-‘Āṣ (r.a.)

Loved Egypt and became

Egypt is one of the most beautiful lands in the Muslim Empire.Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī travelled from Makkah to Madīnah, to Yaman, and to Iraq before finally

Conquering Of India

Thawbān (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Two groups ofpeople I guarantee their protection from the Fire; the group that conquers

Bilāl (r.a.) made the adhān, but when he reached the words, “ دھشا نا دمحم ”هللالوسر

India and the group that fights alongside Jesus the son of Mary.”

‘Umar (r.a.) only sent traders to India. He did not sent any army.The message of Islām was spread by the traders’ good manners and honesty in conducting

Governor Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf sent an army lead by Muhammad Ibn Qāsim to India in 92H.India was conquered and became a Muslim territory all through the Umayyad Dynasty and

MINOR SIGNS WHICH HAVE PASSED BattlesFighting The Mongols

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until you fight the Turks.

The term Turk does not specifically refers to people living in Anatolia or present day Turkey.The Turks live in Turkistan, and it is an extension of tribes that go all the way to China, to the

They have distinctive facial features: small eyes, red faces, and flat noses.

FACT FINDER MONGOLS

The Mongol Empire was foundedby Genghis Khan (d. 1227).

After his death, the empire would

The invasion began after a governor of Utrar of the Khwarezmid Empire ordered theexecution of Mongols traders alleged to have been spies. Genghis Khan then sent amessenger to the Khwarizm Shah but the messenger was killed.

Under the leadership of Genghis Khan, Timur Lenk and Hulagu Khan, the Mongols swept

Battles

When they entered into Baghdad, which was a city of knowledge at that time:

• They would take the skulls of the Muslims and they built out of it a

• The earliest book of tafsīr we have today is Tafsīr ṭ-Ṭabari.

• They used the books taken from the Library of Baghdad as a bridge to

41Battles

Those who are distanct and ignorant will not receive His aid

• "...Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a peopleuntil they change what is in themselves..." [Ar-Ra'd 13:11]

Have tawakkul in llāh for we do not know what He has planned for us

• The conditions in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah were in favor of the

• However, the treaty ensured peace, and the Muslims were able tospread the message of Islām. Thousands became Muslims.

Lack of knowledge and ignorance can lead to disunity and battles

42Social Issues

A Slave Girl Giving Birth To Her Master

‘Umar (r.a.) narrated in the famous ḥadīth of Jibrīl thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said concerning the signs of the Hour,

Lost Of Morality Lost Of RespectTowards Parents

• That a slave girl gave • That the childrenbirth and later she would be disobedientwas sold to another to the parents,master and another especially themaster(s), until she mothers, to extentbecame under the that it becomes like apossession of her slave and master

relationship.

Social Issues

In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, Usair ibn Jabir reported that when people from Yemen came to help the

Muslim army at the time of jihad, ‘Umar (r.a.) would search for a man named Uwais until he

‘Umar : Did you suffer from leprosy and then you were cured from it but for

There would come to you Uwais ibn Amir with the reinforcement from thepeople of Yemen. (He would be) from Qaran, (the branch) of Murid. He hadbeen suffering from leprosy from which he was cured but for a spot of a dirham.His treatment with his mother would have been excellent. If he were to take anoath in the name of llāh, He would honor that. And if it is possible for you,then do ask him to beg forgiveness for you (from your Lord).‘Umar (r.a.) asked Uwais to beg forgiveness for him, and Uwais did.

Social IssuesPrevalence Of Safety & Security

‘ diyy ibn Ḥātim (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘O ‘Adiyy, have you seen Ḥīrah?’ I replied, ‘No, but I haveheard of it.’ He said, ‘If you live long, you will see a womanwho will travel from Ḥīrah until she makes ṭawāf of the

* Ḥīrah is aplace inYemen.

There would be safety and security and people can travel without worry,as mentioned by the Prophet (s.a.w.) in another narration:

(the capital of Yemen) to Hadramawt fearing nobody except

45

WORSHIP KNOWLEDGE &

Making Lawful [Ḥalāl Silk, Alcohol & Musical Instruments Boasting About &Beautifying Mosques Using Mosques AsPathways False Prophets Reciting The Qur’ān ForMoneyApostasy In A DayFollowing The Ways OfThose Who Preceded UsA Trio Of Trials

SOCIALISSUES

Indiscriminate KillingDistrusting The Honest & Trusting The Dishonest

Giving Salām To cquaintances lone, Plentiful Commerce& Cutting The Ties Of KinshipMore Women Than MenFalse TestimonyInheritance Not Being DistributedIncrease Of AdulteryImmoral WomenWishing For DeathSudden DeathPeople Like StrangersObesityNew Modes Of TransportCutting Of Family TiesCongestionMurder Of Those Closest

WorshipMaking Lawful Silk, Alcohol & Musical Instruments

Abu Mālik Al-Ash‘ari (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“There will be people from amongst my ummah who make lawful[ḥalāl] adultery, silk, alcohol and musical instruments. There will besome people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in theevening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and askthem for something, but they will say to him, ‘Return to us tomorrow.’Allāh will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fallupon them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys andpigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection.”

It is sinful for us to make ḥalālwhat is ḥarām and vice versa.

Following someone indisobedience is akin to

When the Prophet (s.a.w.) recited verse 31 of Sūrah t-Tawbah: “They took their rabbis and their monks to be theirlords besides llāh”, ‘ di ibn Ḥātim commented, “They didnot worship them.” The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Yes they did.They (rabbis and monks) prohibited the allowed for them(Christians and Jews) and allowed the prohibited, and they

WorshipBoasting About & Beautifying Mosques

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

The Living MasjidWhen the Prophet (s.a.w.) reachedMadīnah, he built a masjid first.At that time, the masjid is the hubof the Muslim community.

This is how a masjid supposed to be:a centre for the community, where

Using Mosques As Pathways

The masjid loses its sanctity

The masjid loses its purposeAs a sign of respect, we should atleast pray two rak‘ah of tahīyatul

other place.

MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US WorshipFalse Prophets

If we sum up all those who claimed to beprophets in this ummah, there are morethan 30 people (in the past 1400 years).

The explainers say that this is notreferring to every crazy person claiming

followers and become famous and well

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w) said:“I had a dream while sleeping as if there were two goldbracelets in my hands which bothered me very much. So itwas revealed to me to blow them off. I blew them off andthey flew away. I interpreted them to be two liars whowould appear after me. One of them called Musaylamah of

From Yemen Claimed to be a prophet towards the end of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) life The Prophet (s.a.w.) sent letters to the companions in Yemen to fightAswad ssassinated in his palace in Yemen by Fayrūz Ad-Daylami Repented after the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.) and became a Muslim Died as a martyr

Worship

Claimed to be a prophet towards the end of the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) life Killed by Wahsy in a battle during the caliphate of Abu Bakr (r.a.) Married Musaylamah Both Sajāh and Musaylamah had their own followers Went back to her homeland after Musaylamah was killed When she saw that prophethood was not giving her any advances,so she forgot about it and became Muslim Claimed to be a prophet of the Tabi‘īn generation Killed

Caught by Caliph ‘ bdul Malik Ibn Marwān of the Umayyad Dynasty Brought on ‘Eid l-Aḍha and pronounced as the Caliph’s sacrifice

Founder of the Nation of Islām

From India Founder of the Aḥmadiyya Movement

Musaylamah Al-Kadhdhāb (Musaylamah The Liar) was from the Bedouins of Banu Hanīfah,a big tribe in the area of Yamamah. He was playing on the tribalism:

Musaylamah from the Banu Hanīfah from the rural people

Musaylamah knew that the hearts of the people had nationalism, so he played on that.

“The Liar of Banu Hanīfah is better than the Truthful of the Quraysh!”

Worship

The Prophet (s.a.w) wrote backto Musaylamah:From Muhammad the Messenger of God,to Musaylamah the imposter.

Peace be upon whoever follows the

God will bequeath the earth to whosoeverof His servants He wishes and the finaltriumph will be for those who are carefulof their duty to God.

“Indeed something similar has also been revealed to me:

[Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr]

This is a miracle. You will find people who are intelligent and good at poetry, but if they tryto imitate Qur’ān, they come up with something that is not believable and miserable.

Musaylamah had a huge following - thousands of people.It was a big fitnah, and this fitnah was not extinguished until the time of Abu Bakr (r.a.).

At first, Musaylamah’s army defeated the Muslim army lead by Ikrimah Ibn Abi Jahl (r.a.).Abu Bakr (r.a.) sent another army lead by Khalīd Ibn l-Walīd (r.a.). In this battle, the

(Washy was the man who killed the Prophet’s (s.a.w.) uncle Hamzah (r.a), but he became a

The battle with Musaylamah was one of the worse battles and many huffāẓ were killed.Abu Bakr (r.a.) then started the process of bringing the muṣḥaf together. And the project

WorshipReciting The Qur’ān For Money

Getting paid to recite or teach theQur’ān is permissible.

What is wrong is when moneybecomes the primary goal instead ofcontemplating on the verses andapplying the lessons of the Qur’ān.

The Qur’ān is revealed for us to reflect upon as a reminder to us

Nowadays, many people are able torecite the Qur’ān but many lack theability understanding its verses andapply its teachings in daily life.

Learn the significance of the Qur’ān.For example:

Al-Kahf Light, protection(weekly) from Dajjāl

Al-Mulk Protection in(nightly) the grave

Al-Fātiḥaḥ The best sūrah

Āyatul-Qursī The best āyahAl-Ikhlāṣ 1/3 of Qur’ān

52MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US WorshipApostasy In A Day

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Hasten with actions before the arrival of trials like the pitch

blackness of the night. A person will awake a believer and

believer by evening but will be a disbeliever by morning;

Weak Īmān

Many Muslims nowadays are born into a Muslim family but are only Muslims culturally.Worship has become just a physical act, and its spiritual component is lost.

WorshipFollowing The Ways Of Those Who Preceded Us

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until my nation followsthe ways of the nations before it, hand span by hand span,

From the time of Ādam (a.s.) until 10 generations after, there was no shirk.

disobeyed me and followed him whosewealth and children will not increase himexcept in loss. And they conspired animmense conspiracy. And said, “Neverleave your gods and never leave Wadd orSuwā‘ or Yaghūth or Ya'ūq or Nasr.”

Nūḥ 71: 21-23Wadd People of Kalb

Suwā` People of Hudhayl

Yaghūth People of Murad and Bani GhutayfYa`ūq People of HamdanNasr Family of Dhu Kala` of the Himyar

Not only that shirk is prevalent, some people are following the way of the People of Sodom.

MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US WorshipA Trio Of Trials

Prophet (s.a.w.) and he spoke of the trials to come until hementioned the trial of aḥlās, so he was asked concerning thistrial and he said, ‘It will be flight and plunder. There will thencome a test which is pleasant; but its murkiness will be dueto the fact that it is from a man from the people of my housewho will assert that he belongs to me, whereas he does not,for my friends are only the pious. Then the people will uniteunder a man who will be like a hip-bone on a rib. Then therewill be the little black trial which will leave none of thiscommunity without striking them, and when the people saythat it is finished, it will be extended. During it a man will bea believer in the morning and an infidel in the evening, sothat the people will be in two camps: the camp of faith whichwill contain no hypocrisy, and the camp of hypocrisy whichwill contain no faith. When that happens, expect the Dajjāl

Trial of Sarrā' Trial of Duhaimā'• A test which is • Little black trialpleasant • Extended

MINOR SIGNS ALL AROUND US Knowledge & IgnoranceIgnorance Boasting Knowledge

25‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.), Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (r.a.) said,“Indeed before the Hour there “Indeed ahead of you are trials in

are days in which knowledge will which wealth will increase. Thebe lifted and ignorance will Qur’ān will be opened and takenbecome prevalent.” by the believer and the hypocrite,

the slaves. It is nearly the time

Increase Of Literacy I have read the Qur’ān? Theywon’t follow me until I innovatefor them something else.’ Sobeware of what they innovate forindeed it is misguidance.”

Abu Dāwūd

Knowledge

From The Unqualified

Increase in Ignorance


Knowledge will be taken away and ignorance will be established in the hearts and minds of

People turning to

the ignorant

The ignorant speakwithout knowledge

People go astray

In the time of the companions, they would avoid freely giving any fatwa.

One of the tabi‘īn said, “I have seen more than 30 of the companions of the Rasulullāh(s.a.w.) sitting in the masjid. A person would come into the masjid asking a question andevery companion of Rasulullāh (s.a.w.) would send him to the next person: ‘I don’t have the

Imām Mālik was visited by a person who came all the way from Spain. He asked Imām Mālik40 questions. Imām Mālik responded “I don’t know” to 36 questions; he only answered 4questions. The man told him, “I came all the way to hear you say ‘I don’t know’? What will Itell my people when I go back?” Imām Mālik said, “Tell them Imām Mālik said, ‘I do not

The increase in literacy only benefits those who are enthusiastic to learn and valueknowledge greatly. But majority of the people do not benefit from it as people mostly focus

In the past, the most intelligent people became the scholars of Islām. For example: Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī had amazing memory that he had to cover the second page of a bookin order not to memorize it together with the first page. Imām n-Nawawi lived for only 45 years, but he had written so many beneficial books,


Scholars of the past sacrificed a lot in order to gain knowledge

From the tribe of Quraysh. Orphaned when very young.

Memorized the Qur’ān at the age of 10; motivated by his mother. Learned the Arabic poetry at the age of 13/14.

Had learned knowledge from all teachers in Makkah at the age of

Went to Madīnah with a letter from the Governor of Makkah to theGovernor of Madīnah requesting to be introduced to Imām Mālik. Imām Mālik told him to learn Al-Muwattā’ from one of his studentfirst. Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī said he had already memorized l-Muwattā’.Imām Mālik asked him to recite one ḥadīth and was impressed whenhe did, so he asked him to read another, and another, until hecompleted reciting every hadīth in l-Muwattā’ in three days.

Imām ḥmad chose to study under Imām sh-Shāfi‘ī even though hewas the youngest because of his vast knowledge; he had what other

Compiled 9000 aḥādīth from a range of 600,000 aḥādīth in his Ṣaḥīḥ. Did not put the aḥādīth before getting permission from llāh by

praying 2 raka'ah and making sure that it has been confirmed. Once, he was travelling on a ship with a lot of gold. A person cameand chatted with him, noticing his bag of gold. The person laterfalsely claimed that he had lost a bag of gold, wanting ImāmBukhāri’s. The people looked for it but couldn’t find it anywhere.Imām Bukhāri had thrown his bag of gold into the ocean for fear thatif the people found it with him, they would no longer accept theḥadīth of the Prophet (s.a.w.).


The Strangeness Of Islām

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Islam began as strange, and it will return just as it began;

The Muslims are numerous, but only a few who truly understand what Islām is.

‘The people will soon summon one another to attack you as

Someone asked: ‘Will that be because of our small numbersat that time?’ He replied: ‘No, you will be numerous at thattime: but you will be scum and rubbish like that carried downby a torrent, and llāh will take fear of you from the breasts

Someone asked: What is wahn (enervation), O Messenger ofllāh?’ He replied: ‘Love of the world and dislike of death.’”

Those who follow the religion of llāh may feel a sense of not belonging,out of place, not fitting in, and, in other words, of being strange


Dreams Of The Believers Coming True

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

bu Qatādah (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said, "A gooddream that comes true is fromllāh, and a bad dream is fromSatan, so if anyone of you sees a

should spit on the left, for the

For example, before the Battle of Uḥud, the Prophet (s.a.w.) had a dream and interpretedthat they should encamp themselves in the city of Madīnah, but he followed the suggestionof some companions to go out of Madīnah to fight the Meccan.

Nature

The Moon Expanding

As to how the moon expands, the scholars leave it as it is

Many Earthquakes

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until knowledge is taken

QUAKE

in 1960. Its magnitude was 9.5.

61Nature

Arabian Peninsula Returning To Greenery

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until wealth is plentiful tothe extent that a person will want to give the zakāh of theirwealth but will find no one to accept it and until the Arabian

The ḥadīth uses the word “return”: it means the rabian Peninsula was previously green.

Scholars said that during the time of Prophet (s.a.w.), some parts of the Arabian Peninsula

62Nature

Closeness Of Time

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Time will become close, actions will decrease, stinginess will

Scholars gave several definitions regarding the closeness of time:

Lack Of BlessingIn Time• People achieve less in the sameamount of time.• Less focus, less discpline, moredistractions.ShorterLifespan• Nūḥ (a.s.) lived for more than 950years.

63Wealth

Competing In The Construction Of Tall Buildings

In the famous ḥadīth of Jibrīl, the Prophet (s.a.w.) was askedabout the signs of the hour, to which he replied, “͙that you

see the naked, barefooted shepherds competing in the

BUILDINGS Persian Empire did not set to conquer

were poor.

Now, the Arabian Peninsula isextremely wealthy and a lot of towers

Note:Constructing tall building is

Wealth

Wealth Becoming Plentiful

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until wealth becomesplentiful to the extent that a person will have to gatherhis wealth whilst awaiting someone to accept his charity.

There is nothing wrong in working to earn money and being wealthy

t the time of Caliph ‘Umar ibn ‘ bdul ‘ zīz, the empire was vast andthe people were prosperous. There was no one eligible to receive

However, the Caliph himself lived in a mud house. He refused to be

He told his wife to return all gifts that her father, her brother and heruncle, all of whom were previous caliphs, had given to her to thetreasury because they should not have given them. She returnedeverything except two clothes. He also took back the wealth from

WealthHe was a very well known and wealthy businessman.

He gave away all his wealth in charity. The Prophet (s.a.w.) asked him,“What did you keep for your family?” and he said, “I kept for them llāh

When he was the caliph, ‘Umar (r.a.) would sometimes looked for him and

He would work for a day and spend the next day with the Prophet (s.a.w.).He was once late for Jumu’ah and when he got there, the people saw thathis cloth was wet. He only had one pair of cloth and he washed it before

He bought the Well of Ruma from a Jew for the Muslims, and he was

He bought the land surrounding Masjid An-Nabawi, and was promised

He gave so much of his wealth in the preparation for the battle against theRomans that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “From this day on, nothing will

He collected money for people to go to Hajj, used his own money to payfor them, and returned them their money once they got back.

Once, a group of people on the way to Hajj had lost all their possession.‘ bdullāh Ibn Mubārak gave them all his money. Having no money, hecould not continue his journey to make Hajj, so he went home. He later

The pious predecessors were not attached to wealth and did not abuse their power to gainwealth. Rather, they used their wealth to serve the ummah and gain reward from llāh.

It does not mean that a wealthy person is more beloved to llāh than a poor person.

Wealth

Stinginess

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Time will become close, actions will decrease, stinginess will

opportunity to give charity.The poor would go to themarketplace and asked to carrybags for people. They wouldreceive wage of dates, and theywould give the dates as charity.

becoming more common in our

As with literacy and knowledge, the scale is now upside down.As people become attached to wealth and materialistic, they will tend to

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “If a son of Ādamhad a valley full of gold, he would like to have two valleys, for nothing fills hismouth except dust. And llāh forgives him who repents to Him.”

67WealthThe Earth Bringing Forth Its Treasures

It is now not

uncommon to seefamily breaking apartbecause of a disputeover wealth.

Even though people

take anything from it

false speech, e.g.:

lies

‘Umar Ibn ‘Abdul ‘ zīz used to tell anyone who praised him to leave and always asked the

68Wealth

Interconnected Markets


Travel From One PricesPlace To Another Grow Closer• Even though it is farSTOCK MARKET

69Wealth

The Markets Being Controlled By A Few

‘Amr ibn Taghallub (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed from the signs of the Hour is͙a person willwant to buy something but will be told, ‘Not until I seekthe permission of the businessman from such and such

Not Caring About Lawful Income

care if their wealth

is from ḥarām sources

The companions were extremely careful when it come to ḥalāl or ḥarām.

For example, Abu Bakr (r.a.) once ate some food bought by his servant using the moneyhe got from fortune telling years before. Upon hearing this, Abu Bakr (r.a.) made himselfthrow up to remove the food. This was because the Prophet (s.a.w.) said that “every meat(i.e. person) that was nourished with ḥarām is more deserving of the Fire.” [ hmad

70

Wealth

Adornment Of Houses


to adorn the

Qārūn is from the Bani Isrā’īl. Fir‘awn used him to keep Bani Isrā’īl at bay, and he was givenso much wealth it would require strong people to carry the keys to his treasures.People who were attached to the dunya would wish they were like him.

When the righteous people advised him not be arrogant and to be generous, he said“This has been given to me only because of the knowledge I possess.''llāh made the earth swallow him and his palace because of his arrogance.

The Most Prosperous Of People Is Luka‘ b. Luka‘

Luka’ b. Luka’

Generic term for a type of people:Most Lowly, the son of Most Lowly

prosperous person, but

71Wealth

Embargos Upon Iraq And Shām

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘It will soon be that the people of Iraq cannot receive food ormoney.’ We asked from whom this would be and he replied,‘The non-Arabs’. He then said, ‘It will soon be that the peopleof Shām cannot receive food or money.’ We asked fromwhom this would be and he replied, ‘The Romans’. He thenremained silent for a while, after which he said, ‘Towards theend of my ummah there will be a leader who will pour out

May or

events in our

72Social Issues

Indiscriminate Killing

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the world will notperish until a day comes when the murderer does not knowwhy he committed murder, and the murdered does notknow why he was killed.’ He was asked, ‘How will that be?’

Abu Bakrah ath-Thaqafi (r.a.) reported: “TheProphet (s.a.w.) said, ‘If two Muslims meeteach other with their swords, then both thekiller and the killed will be in the Hell-fire.’ Isaid, ‘O llāh's Messenger, that is the casefor the killer but why should that be the

he wanted to kill his companion.’”

FACT FINDER15 million death55 million death In the Rwandan genocide of 1994,

it is estimated that around 50,0003 million death people were killed in 100 days.>1 million death

Social Issues

Distrusting The Honest & Trusting The Dishonest

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“By the One in whose Hand is my soul, the Hour will not be

Plentiful Commerce & Cutting the Ties of Kinship

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.),“Before the Hour strikes, people will only give salām to theiracquaintances, commerce will be plentiful to the extent thata woman will help her husband in his business, the ties ofkinship will be severed, people will give false testimony

Feed JoinPeople Kinship

Social Issues

More Women Than Men

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established - or - from the signs of thehour is that knowledge will be lifted, ignorance will become

widespread, men will decrease and women will increase,

it reaches the

False Testimony

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “Indeed, before the coming of the Hour there will be͙

And they did notappraise llāh withtrue appraisal͙

Al-An‘ām 6: 91

Social Issues

Inheritance Not Being Distributed

bdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until inheritance is not distributed.”

Increase Of Adultery

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Indeedfrom the signs of the Hour is the lifting of knowledge, prevalence ofignorance, drinking of alcohol and increase of adultery.”

Immoral Women

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “There aretwo groups in the Fire whom I have not seen͙ and women dressedand naked, disobedient and promiscuous, their heads will be like thehumps of camels. They will not enter Paradise or smell its scent, andindeed its scent can be found from the distance of such and such.”

76Social Issues

Wishing For Death

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a person will pass by

Trials are many severethat one feelit is better

to die.

Sudden Death

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Indeed from the Signs of the Hour is the appearance of

Deathoccurring forno apparentreason.

77Social Issues

People Are Like Strangers

Ḥudhayfah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said

So Many TrialsHappening

The only way to safeguard oneself is to stay

This is mentioned in the following ḥadīth:bu Sa‘īd l-Khudri (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“There will come a time when thebest property of a Muslim will besheep which he will take to thetops of mountains and the placesof rainfall so as to flee with hisreligion from the afflictions.”

Bukhāri

Social IssuesObesity

FACT FINDER OBESITY

In the UK, adult obesity rateshave almost quadrupled inthe last 25 years.

In 2011, 15.1% of Malaysianadults were obese, makingMalaysia the fattest countryin South-East Asia.

New Modes Of Transport 56

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated thatthe Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Fromthe signs of the Hour is much eviland cutting the ties of kinship͙”

Suyūṭī

Social Issues

Congestion

Heavy TrafficCongestion

CONGESTION

Murder Of Those Closest

bu Mūsā Al- sh‘arī (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The Hour will not be established until a man kills his

80Power & Leadership

Responsibility Falling To The Unworthy

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) wasasked about the Hour and said, ‘When trust is misplacedthen await the Hour.’ They asked, ‘How will this be?’ Hereplied, ‘When responsibility is given to the unworthy,

Security Personnel Beating The People

bu Umāmah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Towards the end of time there will be people who will havewhips like the tails of cows. They will leave in the morningunder the wrath of llāh and return in the evening under

Tails of cows= constantlymoving


The Foolish Speaking About The Affairs Of The People

May llāh have mercy on a man who

knows his own worth

does not go beyond his limit

guards his tongue

does not waste his life

[Ghurar Al-Hikam]

• One • Onebecomes realizeshumbled by that he/shethe fact knowsthat he/she nothinghas onlylittleknowledge

Power & LeadershipAttacks OnThan The Sharī‘ah 63Thawbān (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said,“The other nations will soonattack you just as peopledevour a plate of food.”

Suyūṭī

Unworthy Leaders

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated, “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘By the One whoseHand has my soul, the Hour will not be established until͙ the wu’ūl are

destroyed and the taḥūt appear.’ He was asked concerning them and replied,‘The wu’ūl are the nobility and the taḥūt are those who downtrodden.’”

The Prophet (s.a.w.) would choose a leader among his companions based on the

During the time of Abu Bakr (r.a.), Khalid Ibn Walīd (r.a.) was selected as the general.However, during the time of ‘Umar (r.a.), Khalid (r.a.) was replaced with bu ‘Ubaydah Ibn

Because the people became too attached to Khalid (r.a.) that they thought as long as Khalid(r.a.) was there, they would win any war. ‘Umar (r.a.) wanted them to know that victory and

Power & LeadershipWidespread Injustice & Oppression

bu Sa‘īd l-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The Hour will not be established until the earth is full

The Strong Devouring The Weak

concerning the state of the people after the demise of therabs, “They will be like grasshoppers, the strong devouring

Power & Leadership

Lack of Increase injustice oppression

Power And LeadershipFrom A True Muslim's PerspectiveNot for To serve

personal the peoplegain Allah

Power & Leadership

‘ lī (r.a.) once gave a loan to a non-Muslim, but he did not write it down.However, the man denied having taken

The case was brought to the judge,Shurayh Al-Qaḍi. He ruled that without aprove, ‘ lī (r.a.) could not demand his

Even though he was the caliph, ‘ lī (r.a.)accepted the ruling and smiled becauseShurayh had made his judgement basedon the laws of llāh.

(r.a.) had spoken the truth, and heaccepted Islam.

During the time of ‘Umar ‘ bdul ‘ zīz, it was the custom that before they conquerany country, they would invite the people to Islam first.

However, the city of Samarkand was conquered by a surprise attack. The priests ofSamarkand sent a letter of complaint to Caliph ‘Umar ‘ bdul ‘ zīz, and he sent aletter in reply, asking the governor to appoint a judge and decide over this matter.

The judge ruled that all Muslim armies must leave the land immediately. Onlythen they could come again and invite the people to Islam, and the people wereallowed to choose between Islam, paying tribute, or war.

The priests and the people of Samarkand started to accept Islam because of the

Ruin Of The rmy Wanting To Destroy The Ka‘bah

Worship & Knowledge

Īmān Becomes Rare

people a time when they gather and pray in the mosques,

No More .Hajj

bu Sa‘īd l-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)

Worship & Knowledge

Destruction Of Ka‘bah

The Ka ‘bah will be destroyed byDhu Suwayqatayn from Abyssinia.

This will happen right towardsthe end of time.

The Year Of The Elephant:Attempt To Destroy The Ka‘bah

Abrahah, the governor of Yemen, whichwas under the Abyssinian Empire, had builta building called Al-Qullais in San‘a. Hecalled the Arabs to make pilgrimage thereinstead of Makkah, with intention to divertthe trade from Makkah to Yemen.

An infuriated Quraysh man came andurinated and defecated inside the building.Abrahah became angry and decided toinvade Makkah. He came with a hugearmy, including elephants, to destroy theKa‘bah.

‘Abdul Muṭṭalib, the leader of the Quraysh,told the people to go and seek refuge inthe mountains. He went to see Abrahah toABYSSINIA ask for the return of his stolen camels.Abrahah asked him why was he askingabout the camels when the Ka‘bah wasabout to be destroyed.

'Abdul Muṭṭalib said, "I am the owner ofthe camels, and this House has its ownOwner Who will surely protect it."

And llāh protected the Ka‘bah. When thearmy reached the Valley of Muhassar,between Muzdalifah and Mina, Allāh sentflocks of birds which pelted the army withstones and destroyed them.

89Worship & Knowledge

Lifting Of The Qur’ān

What will happen to thosewho do not know aboutIslām?

Some scholars said for thosewho never hear the call ofIslām, or they hear about it inan incorrect form, llāh willtest them on the Day of

Paradise and whoever

A Single Sajdah Is Better Than The World

This shows how rare an act of

Worship & Knowledge

Return To Idol Worship

‘The night and day will not vanish until Lāt and ‘Uzzā areworshipped again.’ I said, ‘O Messenger of llāh, I thoughtthat was finished when llāh revealed, “It is He Who has sentHis Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth, to

mushrikūn hate (it).” He replied, ‘It will be so long as llāhwills, then llāh will send a pleasant breeze, and everyonewho has a mustard seed of faith in their hearts will die, andonly the most evil will remain and they will return to the

No More La Ilāha IllAllāh

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until no one remains upon

91Nature

Removal Of Mountains

Samurah ibn Jundub (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the mountains are removed fromtheir places, and you will see great things which you never saw before.”

Animals & Inanimate Objects Speaking

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Bythe One whose Hand has my soul, the Hour will not be establisheduntil the predatory animals speak to people and until a person speaksto the tip of their whip and their shoelaces and until a person’s thighinforms them as to what their family did in their absence.”

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated: “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘While a manwas riding a cow, it turned towards him and said, 'I have not beencreated for this purpose, I have been created for sloughing.’ TheProphet (s.a.w.) added, ‘I, Abu Bakr and Ùmar believe in the story.’

The Prophet (s.a.w.) went on, ‘A wolf caught a sheep, and when theshepherd chased it, the wolf said, 'Who will be its guard on the dayof wild beasts, when there will be no shepherd for it except me?'’After narrating it, the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, ‘I, Abu Bakr and Ùmar

Nature

Lack Of Blessing In Rain

Anas ibn Mālik (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until the people will be givena widespread rain, but nothing from the earth will grow forth.”

but nothing

77


uncovers a mountain of gold over which people will kill.Out of every hundred, ninety nine will die, and each one of

People will killfor the gold.Out of 100people, only 1will survive.

The Breeze Which Will Take The Soul Of The Believers

llāh will senda cool breezefrom Syria.

hearts will be left upon the earth, and even if one of youThis will happenright towards

major signs


Madīnah Expelling Its Evil Residents

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“ time will come upon the people when a person will invitehis cousin and relative saying, ‘Come to prosperity, come toprosperity’, and Madīnah is better for them, if they onlyknew. By the One whose Hand has my soul, no one will leaveit willingly except that llāh will replace them with someonebetter. Indeed, Madīnah is like bellows expelling impurities,and the Hour will not be established until Madīnah expels its

evil residents just as bellows expel the impurities of iron.”

Ruin Of Madīnah

Mu‘ādh ibn Jabal (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“When Bayt’l-Maqdis is taken, Madīnah will become abandoned,

This willhappentowards theend of time.There will beno one inMadīnah,except theanimals.


A Ruler From The Tribe Of Qahtān

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Hour will not be established until a man emerges from

It was notmentionedwhether he is agood person ora bad person.

The Ruler Called ‘Jahjāh’

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The nights and days will not pass until a slave will rule.

According to scholarsA person who is not worthyor with bad characters.


Ruin Of The Army Wanting To Destroy The Ka‘bah

Umm Salamah (r.a.) narrated “The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,‘ person will seek refuge at the House, and an army will besent to kill him, but when it reaches the open ground theearth will swallow it up.’ I asked, ‘O Messenger of llāh,what of those who were forced to accompany the army?’

The army willbe swallowedby the earth.

Demise Of The Tribe Of Quraysh

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The first of the tribes to go into demise will be Quraysh, andit is almost as if a woman will pass by a sandal and say, ‘This

The Qurayshwill be the firsttribe to go intodemise.


Conquering Of Constantinople

Mu’ādh ibn Jabal (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “When Bayt’l-Maqdis is taken, Madīnah will become

will be a great battle, and when the great battle occursConstantinople will be conquered, and when Constantinople

CONSTANTINOPLE

under the Byzantine Empire.

It was conquered by the Muslims under the

The Muslims Going To Shām

bu Dardā’ (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

MINOR SIGNS YET TO COME Power & LeadershipThe Mahdī

bu Sa‘īd Al-Khuḍri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Towards the end of time, the Mahdī will emerge. llāh willprovide for him rain and the earth will bring forth its vegetation,wealth will be bountiful, cattle will be plentiful and the ummah

Categorize as a

different

One who is most guided

(The Khulafā’ r-Rāshidīn werealso known as Al-Mahdīyīn)

Name:Muḥammad ibn ‘ bdullāh

(s.a.w.), from the line of Fāṭimah

Prominent forehead Pointed nose

Power & Leadership

Three sons of a Caliph will fight and kill one another over the treasure of the Ka‘bah.

He will emerge from the East, and his initial supporters will also be from the East.He will arrive in Makkah, and the people will give him the pledge of allegiance.

‘Īsā (a.s.) will pray behind him as an honor reserved for the ummah of the Prophet (s.a.w.).

The Mahdī was͙ as claimed by͙‘ li (r.a.) ‘ bdullāh ibn Saba’‘Īsā (a.s.) Some scholars (weak opinion)

Some scholars (incorrect opinion)

Al-Mukhtār ibn ‘Ubayd l-Thaqafi

‘Ubaydullāh ibn Maymūn

‘ bdullāh Al-Barbari

Himself

Juhayman Al-Otaybi

Power & Leadership

They declared that the Mahdī,Muhammad ibn ‘ bdullah l-Qaḥṭani, had arrived anddemanded the people to pledge

The siege lasted for two weeks.

> 200 died.> 500 injured.

Will not call to himself or order people to give him bay‘ah.

Circumstances of his emergence as mentioned in ḥadīth.

Narrations not in Opens the door toBukhāri or Muslim false claims• These two books, • From studying thealthough the most signs, we canauthentic, do not recognize truth fromencompass all of the falsehood

Descent of Ya'jūj &'Īsā MakjūjKhasf inArabian The SmokePeninsulaSun RisingFrom The The Great FireWest

bdullāh ibn ‘ mr narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “The signs [of theHour] are like beads on astring, once the string iscut, the beads will fall inquick succession.”

Aḥmad

Exact order of these signs is notagreed upon or explicitly establishedin an authentic narration.

What seem to be apparent:

Final sign will be the Great Fire.

The Dajjāl

bdullāh ibn ‘Umar (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,

“I warn you of him, and there wasnot a single prophet except thathe too warned his people.However, I will mentionsomething which no prophetmentioned before to his people;

Muslim

With certain abilities that llāh has given him, he will bring out all types of trials:

Short stature with a wide stance, prominent forehead and large body.

Left eye will be unclear as if there is a thin layer of film on it. Between his two eyes will be written the word ‘ka, fa, ra’

Ṣa‘b ibn Juthāmah (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“The Dajjāl will not emerge untilthe people forget his mention,and the imams neglect to speakof him from the pulpits.”

1/3 decrease in rain Aḥmad1/3 decrease in vegetation2/3 decrease in rain2/3 decrease in vegetation

No rain

Ḥafṣah bint ‘Umar (r.a.) narratedthat the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “He[i.e Dajjāl will emerge due toextreme anger he will feel.”

Muslim

Note: The narrations do notcontradict other aḥādīth. No ḥadīth confirms or rejectsthat the Dajjāl is alive.

103

The Prophet (s.a.w.) went toIbn Sayyād and questioned him:

Prophet (s.a.w.):Ibn Sayyād, don't you bear witnessthat I am the messenger of llāh?

Ibn Sayyād:I bear witness to the fact that youthe messenger of the unlettered.

Ibn Sayyād:Do you bear witness to the fact thatI am the messenger of llāh?Prophet (s.a.w.) rejected and said:I affirm my faith in llāh andin His messengers.

Prophet (s.a.w.):What do you see?Ibn Sayyād:

It is a Dukh.

The Prophet (s.a.w.):May you be disgraced anddishonored, you would not beable to go beyond your rank.

‘Umar (r.a.) asked the Prophet(s.a.w) to let him kill Ibn Sayyād.

Prophet (s.a.w.) replied:If he is the same (Dajjāl) who wouldappear near the Last Hour, youwould not be able to overpower him,and he is not that then is no goodfor you to kill him.

[Muslim]

104

The Prophet (s.a.w.) said:”Dajjāl will come, and hewill climb Uḥud, and hewill look [at] Madīnah,and he will say to hiscompanions: ‘Do you seethat white palace? That isthe mosque of Aḥmad.’

Then he will cometo Madīnah, and he willfind on each gateway of ita drawn[-armed] angel, sohe will come to thewasteland of Al-Jurf, andhe will strike his camp.

Then Madīnah will quakethree quakes, and therewill not remain a [male]hypocrite nor a [female]

hypocrite, and no [male]evil-doer nor a [female]evil-doer, but went out tohim, and that is the Day of

Riddance.”

Musnad Aḥmad

105

[Muslim]

106

‘Īsā (a.s.) will descend Upon seeing ‘Īsā (a.s.),the Dajjāl will begin to

before the onset of a disintegrate, and thengreat battle. ‘Īsā will kill him.

Learning aboutSeeking llāh’s Makkah andhelp Madīnah during

that timeReading andmemorizing the Seeking refuge in llāhopening passage of from the DajjālSūrah al-Kahf• The first three • after the last[Tirmidhi] tashahhud and beforesalām

“When any one of you has finished the last tashahhud,let him seek refuge with Allāh from four things and say:

The Dajjāl lives in To become overlythe Bermuda Triangle. worried and paranoidabout the Dajjāl.Rather, there are otherthings more dangerousto a Muslim.

MISGUIDING LEADERSThe Prophet (s.a.w.) said:“͙What I fear most for mynation is misguiding leaders.Some tribes among my nationwill worship idols and sometribes among my nation willjoin the idolaters. Before theHour comes there will benearly thirty Dajjāl (greatliars), each of them claiming tobe a Prophet. But a group

victorious, and those who

Descent Of ‘Īsā (a.s.)

llāh raised ‘Īsā (a.s.) to the heavens and made it seem to the people that he was crucified.

“ nd because of their saying (in boast), ‘We killed Messiah, son of

Maryam (Mary), the Messenger of llāh,’ - but they killed him not,nor crucified him, but the resemblance of ‘Īsā (Jesus) was put overanother man, and those who differ therein are full of doubts. Theyhave no (certain) knowledge, they follow nothing but conjecture.For surely; they killed him not. But llāh raised him up unto Himself.nd llāh is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise. And there is none of the peopleof the Scripture, but must believe in him, before his death. And onthe Day of Resurrection, he will be a witness against them.”

FACT UMAYYADFINDER MOSQUE

The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus,Syria, was commissioned by the 6thUmayyad Caliph, Al-Walīd, in theyear 706.

‘Urwah Ibn Mas’ūd (r.a.) resembled him

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet said: “The Prophets arepaternal brothers; their mothers are different, but their religion isone. I, more than any of mankind, have more right to Ìsa, son ofMaryam, for there was no Prophet between him and I. He willdescend, and if you see him, know him. He is a well-built man, (thecolor of his skin) between red and white. He will descend whilewearing two long, light yellow garments. His head appears to bedripping water, even though no moisture touched it. He will breakthe cross, kill the pig, and banish the Jizyah and will call the people toIslam. During his time, llāh will destroy all religions except Islam andllāh will destroy Al-Masīḥ Ad-Dajjāl (the False Messiah). Safety will

then fill the earth, so much so that the lions will mingle with camels,tigers with cattle and wolves with sheep. Children will play withsnakes, and they will not harm them. Ìsa will remain for forty yearsand then will die, and Muslims will offer the funeral prayer for him.)

the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “By the

way of Rawḥā’, making the

them together.”

Ibn Mājah

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) reportedthat the Prophet s.a.w. said :“͙he shall stand at my graveside and say: “O Muhammad!”and I will answer him.”

Majma’ Zawa’id

He will remain on earth for 40 years, after which he will die.

Ya’jūj & Ma’jūj

Two tribes from the children of Ādam, from the progeny of Yafith ibn. Nūḥ (a.s.).

Glorifying Allāh

1/10:

Jinn 9/10:1/10: Ya'jūj & Ma'jūj

1/10:

Dhul-Qarnayn came to a place between two mountains where thepeople spoke in a language that he could barely understand.

They asked him to build a barrier between them and Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj.

He build a dam to contain the Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj, using sheets of iron placed betweentwo mountains, melted and added with copper to strengthen the structure.

Ibn Kathīr mentioned an expedition to search for the wall in his Al-Bidāyah Wan-Nihāyah.

Caliph Al-Wāthiq (d. 232 H) of the Abbasid Empire dreamed that the wall of Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūjwas opened. So he sent an expedition led by Sallām Al-Tarjuman in order to gain news of it.

The expedition took two years. They came to a dam built out of iron and copper, with hugelocked gates and located towards the north-east. The dam is very high and could not be

Every day One day (when llāh decrees)“We shall continue “We shall continue tomorrowtomorrow.” inshā’ llāh*.”The dam is back to The dam will be as they left it.its original state.

They will continue diggingand then emerge.

Zaynab bint Jaḥsh (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)said, “None has the right to be worshipped but llāh. Woe to

opened from the dam of Ya’jūj Θ Ma’jūj the likes of this.”

drink whole wreak havoc andrivers dry destruction

earth

FACT FINDER MOUNT .ŪR

in the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt in Palestine

After Their DestructionAfter a while, the Muslims will needto go out from their hiding place toget food and water. No one willvolunteer, so they will chooseone of them to go.

The person will see the carcasses ofYa’jūj Θ Ma’jūj and bring the gladtidings to the others.

The earth will be filled with theirstench. llāh will send down rain tocarry their bodies into the sea.

The people then live in safety andpeace. There were no fighting.Hajj will still be performed.

Not long after this, llāh will senda breeze that will take awaythe souls of the believers.

Only disbelievers will remain.Ka‘bah will be destroyed.

115

Khasf In East, In West, And In The Arabian Peninsula

Ḥudhayfah ibn Usayd Al-Ghifāri (r.a.) narrated that theProphet (s.a.w.) said, “It will not be established until thereare ten signs͙a khasf in the East, a khasf in the West and a

There have been similar incidents over time, but the three khasfs

A khasf has been mentioned in the Qur’ān in other contexts,

“And We caused the earth to swallow him and his home. Andthere was for him no company to aid him other than llāh ,

The Smoke

Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Hasten with good deeds before six:the sun rising from the West, the Smoke, the Dajjāl, the

The Opinion Of The Scholars Regarding The Smoke

The scholars differed as to what the sign of the Smoke refers to:

A sign that willA sign yet to occur take place twice

• Will take place • One has alreadytowards the end of occurredtime • One is yet to come• Opinion of a number • Narration of Ibnof companions, such Mas‘ūdas ‘ li, ‘ bdullāh b.‘ bbās and bu Sa‘īd

“Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke. Coveringthe people, this is a painful torment. (They will say): ‘Our Lord! Remove the tormentfrom us, really we shall become believers!’ How can there be for them anadmonition, when a Messenger explaining things clearly has already come to them.”

The Beast

In classical rabic, the word “Dābbah” (beast) means anything that walks.

In Turkey, remnant of what is said to be the rk of Nūḥ (a.s.) was found.Some people interpret the Beast as a symbol of the Ark.

There are opinions that the Beast will be the she-camel of Ṣāliḥ (a.s.) or its child.But there is no authentic narration, and llāh knows best.

It will be immediately preceding or succeeding the rising of the sun from the west.

Mark some people on their noses.Abu Umāmah Al-Bāhili (r.a.)narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said, “The Beast willemerge and mark some peopleon their noses, and thesepeople will then mix with you. Aman will buy a camel and will beasked, ‘Who did you buy itfrom?’ He will reply, ‘I bought itfrom one of the marked ones.’”

Mujma’ Al-Zawā’id

119

Sun Rising From The West

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)This is

West and the beast emerging in the morning. Whichever of referring tothe signsduring theactual day

Muslim Qiyāmah

As recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhāri, bu Dharr (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.)told the companions about where the sun goes when it sets.

One evening͙The sun will be about to prostrate itselfbut its prostration will not be accepted.It will ask permission to go on its coursebut it will not be permitted.

llāh order it to return from where it

the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “Hastenwith good deeds before six: the sunrising from the West, the Smoke,

death, and the Day of Judgement.”

Muslim

Once the time is up, faith, tawbah or good deeds will no longer be accepted.

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“Once three events occur, it will not benefit any person to gainor increase in their īmān; the sun rising from the West, the Dajjāl

“Do they then wait for anything other than that the angels shouldcome to them, or that your Lord should come, or that some of theSigns of your Lord should come! The day that some of the Signs ofyour Lord do come, no good will it do to a person to believe then,if he believed not before, nor earned good through his Faith.

The Great Fire

Ḥudhayfah ibn Usayd Al-Ghifāri (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet(s.a.w.) said, “It will not be established until there are ten signs͙thelast of which will be a great Fire which will emanate from Yemen

A great fire will come fromthe area of Hadramawt, Yemen.

What to do when this happens?

Why Shām?

Abu Hurayrah (r.a.) narrated that the Prophet (s.a.w.) said, “The people willbe gathered in three ways: Those who will have hope and fear, those ridingtwo on a camel, three on a camel or ten on a camel. The rest of the peoplewill be urged to gather by the Fire which will accompany them at the timeof their afternoon nap and stay with them whence they will spend thenight, and will be with them in the morning wherever they may be then,and will be with them in the afternoon wherever they may be then.”

In a narration in Sunan An-Nasa’i,some of the people will be:Riding, well fed and well clothDragged on the face,driven by the fireWalking with great difficulty

At night, they will stop to rest and continue tomorrow.

The Prophet (s.a.w.) said,“͙when the trumpet will be blown,everyone on the earth and in theheavens will become unconsciousexcept those whom llāh will

exempt. The trumpet will be blownfor the second time and I will be thefirst to be resurrected to see Mosesholding llāh's Throne. I will notknow whether the unconsciousnesswhich Moses received on the Day ofṬūr has been sufficient for him, orhas he got up before me.

Bukhāri

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• Seek knowledge to benefit from it and come close to Allāh

• When Prophet Yunus (a.s.) was in the belly of the whale, he

• When Prophet Ayyūb was tried, he stayed in the remembrance

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Trial OfPower• Dhal-Qarnayn

them the hastilyapproaching

Ignorance Trialincreases. increases.

But they persistedin arroganceand disbelief.

NatureThe Story of Abu Muslim Al-Khawlāni (r.a.)When Al-Aswad the False Prophet gained a considerable following in Yemen, he and AbuMuslim Al-Khawlāni (r.a.) had a dialogue.“Do you bear witness that I am indeed the Messenger of llāh?”

“Do you bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of llāh?”

“What happened to the man that 'The Liar' tried to burn with fire?”

Ṣiffīn, near the bank of theEuphrates river in SyriaMu‘āwiyah’s (r.a.) campBelieversThey arrived firstat Ṣiffīn and tookover the waterarea.

WEALTHIGNORANCEIgnorance Competing InIncrease Of Literacy Construction Of TallSeeking Knowledge From BuildingsThe Unqualified Wealth BecomingBoasting Knowledge PlentifulWith Little Action StinginessThe Strangeness Of Islām The Earth Bringing ForthDreams Of The Believers Its TreasuresComing True Earning A Living Through

Words Interconnected Markets

NATURE The Markets BeingControlled By A Few

The Moon Expanding Not Caring About LawfulMany Earthquakes IncomeArabian Peninsula Adornment Of HousesReturning To Greenery The Most Prosperous OfCloseness Of Time People Is Luka‘ B. Luka‘

Embargos Upon Iraq &Shām

POWER &LEADERSHIP

Responsibility Falling ToThe Unworthy

Giving Salām To cquaintances lone, Plentiful Commerce Security PersonnelBeating The People

The Foolish SpeakingAbout The Affairs Of The

People Ruling With Other Than

The Sharī‘ h Attacks On The MuslimEmpire Unworthy Leaders Widespread Injustice &

Oppression The Strong Devouring

The Weak

With Little Action

GENOCIDE

Pray WhileOthers Sleep

Cutting Of Family Ties

The Muslim Empire

Attachmentto power

To exercise To be

justice closer to

Khasf in East

The Beast

the Dajjāl andteaching others

more or lessconquered the

Documents

All Around Us Qabeelat Ihsaan(3).Xlsx