All-Ceramic All-Ceramic SystemSystem

What is All-Ceramic What is All-Ceramic System ?System ?

All Ceramic system is the foundation cap that supports final dental crown. A dental restorative material used artificially to restore the function, integrity and morphology of missing tooth structure. The structural loss typically results from caries or external trauma. It is also lost intentionally during tooth preparation to improve the aesthetics or the physical integrity of the intended restorative material. Dental restoration also refers to the replacement of missing tooth structure by restoring dental implants.

Advantages of All-Ceramic Advantages of All-Ceramic The secret behind All Ceramic is its

unique combination of strength and beauty All Ceramic is a coping made extremely All Ceramic is a coping made extremely

densely-sintered aluminum oxide densely-sintered aluminum oxide All Ceramic can be recommended for All Ceramic can be recommended for

prosthetic reconstructions anywhere in prosthetic reconstructions anywhere in your mouth your mouth

All Ceramic is made of a bio-compatible All Ceramic is made of a bio-compatible material (comparable to Titanium) which material (comparable to Titanium) which minimizes the risk of allergic reactions minimizes the risk of allergic reactions

All Ceramic Porcelain opens an entirely All Ceramic Porcelain opens an entirely new era in history using porcelain in new era in history using porcelain in dentistrydentistry

Objective of this seminar Objective of this seminar Discern between the different methods of fabrication of porcelain veneers Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques for fabricating porcelain veneers Explain which clinical indications would be most appropriate for each type of porcelain restoration

Various all ceramic Various all ceramic systemssystems

Aluminous core ceramicsAluminous core ceramics Slip cast ceramicsSlip cast ceramics Heat pressed ceramicsHeat pressed ceramics Machined ceramicsMachined ceramics Machined and sintered ceramicsMachined and sintered ceramics Metal reinforced systemMetal reinforced system

Aluminous core ceramicsAluminous core ceramics Introduced by Mc Lean and HughesIntroduced by Mc Lean and Hughes They advocated using aluminous porcelain, They advocated using aluminous porcelain,

which is composed of aluminium oxide which is composed of aluminium oxide crystals dispersed in a glassy matrixcrystals dispersed in a glassy matrix

It contains an opaque inner core containing It contains an opaque inner core containing 50% by weight alumina for high strength50% by weight alumina for high strength

Core is veneered by a combination of Core is veneered by a combination of esthetic body and enamel porcelain with esthetic body and enamel porcelain with 15% and 5% crystalline alumina respectively15% and 5% crystalline alumina respectively

40% stronger than traditional feldspathic 40% stronger than traditional feldspathic porcelainporcelain

Slip cast ceramicsSlip cast ceramics

In ceramIn ceram It is a traditional techniqueIt is a traditional technique Starting medium is slip that is an Starting medium is slip that is an

aqueous suspension of fine ceramic aqueous suspension of fine ceramic particles in water with a dispersing agentparticles in water with a dispersing agent

The slip is applied on to a porous The slip is applied on to a porous refractory die which absorbs water from refractory die which absorbs water from the slip and leads to condensation of slip the slip and leads to condensation of slip on the dieon the die

The die is then fired at high The die is then fired at high temperature(1150 degree Celsius)temperature(1150 degree Celsius)

The die shrinks more than the condensed The die shrinks more than the condensed slip which allows easy separation after slip which allows easy separation after firingfiring

The fired porous core is then glass The fired porous core is then glass infiltrated Advantages:infiltrated Advantages:

-Lower porosity-Lower porosity -Fewer processing defect-Fewer processing defect -Better strength-Better strength

Two modified porcelain composition Two modified porcelain composition for in ceram technique have been for in ceram technique have been introducedintroduced

1, In ceram spinell- contain 1, In ceram spinell- contain Magnesium spinel- improved Magnesium spinel- improved translucencytranslucency

2, In ceram Zirconia – Zirconium 2, In ceram Zirconia – Zirconium oxideoxide

-better strength-better strength

Heat pressed ceramicsHeat pressed ceramics

Heat pressing improves the marginal Heat pressing improves the marginal adaptationadaptation

- Leucite based- Leucite based -Lithium silicate based-Lithium silicate based

Leucite basedLeucite based -contain leucite as a major reinforcing -contain leucite as a major reinforcing

crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy matrixcrystalline phase dispersed in a glassy matrix -ceramic ingots are pressed at a higher -ceramic ingots are pressed at a higher

temperature (1165 degree Celsius ) into a temperature (1165 degree Celsius ) into a refractory mold made by lost wax techniquerefractory mold made by lost wax technique

Two finishing techniques can be used for Two finishing techniques can be used for application of veneering porcelain application of veneering porcelain

1 characterization technique (surface 1 characterization technique (surface stain only)stain only)

2 layering technique2 layering technique Currently available leucite containing Currently available leucite containing

materialsmaterials -IPS Empress-IPS Empress -Optimal pressable ceramic-Optimal pressable ceramic -Cerpress Lower fusing material-Cerpress Lower fusing material -Finesse-Finesse

Lithium silicate basedLithium silicate based

eg – IPS Empress-2eg – IPS Empress-2

-The major crystalline phase of the -The major crystalline phase of the core material is Lithium disilicatecore material is Lithium disilicate

-The material is pressed at 920 -The material is pressed at 920 degree Celsius and layered with a degree Celsius and layered with a glass containing some dispersed glass containing some dispersed apatite crystalsapatite crystals

Machined ceramicsMachined ceramics

The evolution of computer aided design / The evolution of computer aided design / computer assisted machining [CAD/CAM] computer assisted machining [CAD/CAM] systems led to the development of new systems led to the development of new generation ceramics that are machinablegeneration ceramics that are machinable

Cerec system:Cerec system: -The equipment consists of a computer -The equipment consists of a computer

integrated imaging and milling integrated imaging and milling system,with the restorations designed on system,with the restorations designed on the computer screenthe computer screen

-Tooth preparation follows typical all -Tooth preparation follows typical all ceramic guidelinesceramic guidelines

-Coat the preparation with opaque powder-Coat the preparation with opaque powder

-Image the preparation with the optical -Image the preparation with the optical scannerscanner

-Identify and mark the margins and -Identify and mark the margins and contour on the computer screencontour on the computer screen

-Insert the appropriate shade of ceramic -Insert the appropriate shade of ceramic block in the milling machine. The block in the milling machine. The fabrication time for a crown is about 20 fabrication time for a crown is about 20 minutesminutes

-Try the restoration back in the mouth-Try the restoration back in the mouth

Machined and sintered Machined and sintered ceramicsceramics

Extensive research in the field of Extensive research in the field of Zirconia ceramics and CAD/CAM Zirconia ceramics and CAD/CAM technology has led to the technology has led to the development of Zirconia ceramics development of Zirconia ceramics for dental restorationfor dental restoration

The material used is tetragonal The material used is tetragonal Zirconia stabilized with 3 mole Zirconia stabilized with 3 mole percent yttrium oxidepercent yttrium oxide

Enlarged Zirconia copings are Enlarged Zirconia copings are machined from pre -sintered Zirconia machined from pre -sintered Zirconia blocks to compensate for the sintering blocks to compensate for the sintering shrinkageshrinkage

The restorations are later sintered at The restorations are later sintered at a high temperaturea high temperature

Two systems:Two systems:

-Procera All ceram system-Procera All ceram system

-Lava system-Lava system

Practical Example of All-Ceramic Practical Example of All-Ceramic

restoration restoration

A conservative All-Ceramic restoration was used to A conservative All-Ceramic restoration was used to restore the tooth restore the tooth without pasting a post and core and devitalizing the without pasting a post and core and devitalizing the tooth tooth

A facial veneer that placed A facial veneer that placed on tooth no 9 instead of full on tooth no 9 instead of full coverage restoration. No coverage restoration. No post and core was necessary post and core was necessary in this case.in this case.

Practical Example of All-Ceramic Practical Example of All-Ceramic

restoration restoration

Using opaque layer of Using opaque layer of porcelainporcelain

1. Pressable Ceramic 1. Pressable Ceramic Restorations Restorations

1. Pressable Ceramic 1. Pressable Ceramic Restorations Restorations

1. Pressable Ceramic 1. Pressable Ceramic Restorations Restorations

2. Stacked Feldspathic 2. Stacked Feldspathic Restorations Restorations

1. CAD/CAM Technique 1. CAD/CAM Technique

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