All Hands Naval Bulletin - Aug 1944

8/3/2019 All Hands Naval Bulletin - Aug 1944

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BUREAU OF

0 NUMBER 329UGUST 1944~~ ~~

VICE ADMIRAL RANDALL JACOBS, USNThe Chief of Naval Personnel

REAR ADMIRAL L. E. DENFELD, USNTh e Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel

Table of ContentsPage

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Paving the Road Back..................................Saipan, Pictures of Battle............................Waves Pass 70,000 Mark..............................Behind the Casualty List .............................1790-1944: the Coast Guard ........................To Convert or N ot to Convert....................Reputations Hang on a Pinch of Salt.. .....New Books in ShipsHorned Toads .............Legislative Matters of Naval Interest ......What Is Your Naval I.Q.? ........................Wartime Military Courtesy........................ 27Editorial ........................................................ 36Letters to the Editor.................................... 36The Months News ...................................... 37T h e W ar a t Sea: Communiques.................. 44Decorations and Citations ........................... 5 IBuPers Bulletin Board ............ .. 63Index .............................................................. 7 2

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This magazine is published monthly inWashington, D. C., by t he Bureau of NavalPersonnel for the information and interest ofthe Naval Service as a whole. By BuPe rsCircular Letter 162-43, distribution is to beeffected to allow all hands easy access to eachissue. All activities should keep th e Bureauinformed of how many copies are required.All original material herein may be reprintedas desired.

PASS THIS COPY ALONGAFTERYOU HAVE READ IT


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Civil ReadjustmentOfficers Will Give. Help to DischargeesDo you know what laws have beenpassed in your absence t o help YOU-af te r you leave the service-to resumea useful, sa tisfy ing role in your coun-trys futu re? Do you know, for ex-

ample, what your rights and benefitsare under the G. I. Bill of Rightsaf ter your discharge from the service?Do you know how and where you canobtain government hospitalization andmedical treatment, if necessary, afteryou again become a civilian? Do YOUknow how t o go about getting yourold job back or finding a new one?

Because you are obviously going toneed help in answering all these ques-tions, BuPers has created a Civil Re-adjustment Program designed to pro-vide simple, understandable informa-tion on the services and benefits towhich you will become entitled. Theprogram will help guide you to thenext step along the road back, andwill put you in touch with the agenciesor organizations which carry out theprovisions of law enacted for yourbenefit as a veteran.

This Civil Readjustment programwill not function as an employmentagency nor perform any of the ser-vices which other authorized govern-

DONT KEEP THISINFORMATION TOYOURSELF.,,

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ment agencies are established to pro-vide, I t will act as an advisory andinformational service only, referringyou to sources of help in solving themany questions and problems whichwill confront you on the road back tocivilian life.

District. Civil Readjustment Officershave been established in the 11 navaldistricts within the continental limitsof the United States, and also in theSevern River and Potomac River Na-val Commands. These officers part ici-pated in a six-day indoctrination con-ference recently conducted by BuPersin Washington, D. C. The aims andobjectives of the program were out-lined fully and the policies and pro-cedures explained in detail. These dis-trict officers, upon return to their sta-tions, assisted in the selection andtraining of Civil Readjustment Officersat each naval activity in their districtor command.

The District Civil Readjustment O f-ficers will maintain constant contactwith all naval facilities where men a rebeing discharged; will consult with of-ficers of the Veterans Administration,U. S. Employment Service, SelectiveService System, State Boards of Voca-tional Education, home services of theAmerican Red Cross and any otheragencies or organizations prepared t ohelp the returned veteran; they willcall upon the services of district legal

officers, legal assi stance officers, Amer-ican Bar Association committees, l ega laid societies, Navy educational servicesofficers and similar officers and groups.Civil Readjustment Officers at in-dividual sta tions will receive fu ll train -ing on existing rights and benefitsavailable to veterans and will be in-structed on future additional provi-sions.When you are discharged from theservice, you will be given an exit in

Help Yourself: KnowW h a t You W a n t t o Ask

Whi le the Civil Readjustment Of-ficer, whose function is described inthe article on this page, n o r m d ywill not interview you until you areat the point of being discharged, youcan help a lot by knowing what youwant to say to him when you areinterviewed.

Continued reading of the Informa-tion Bulletin will bring you currentgeneral informatioit on which to baseyour plans. Th e CRO will then,when the time comes, be able t o fillin the specific information you needand help you start exactly in thedirection in which you wish to go.


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of 20-page booklet whichCiuil Readjustment 0 i c e r w i l lgive personnel at t ime of ex i tin terv iew.CRO. He will

Although some of the items mayinterest t o you, he

or Governmental employment

o rwill %eer you to the place o r

de. Furth er advice o r assistancet o you for at leastAs part of this interview, the CROl examine your discharge certificate

IChaser (SCTC, Miami, Fla.)

or no invasion, its ratherprematwe to be order ing asuit of civvies,

to see that it is complete with respectt o any items affecting your eligibilityfor veterans rights and benefits. Hewill then hand you :(1) A copy of the booklet YourRights and Benefits-A Handy Guidef o r Veterans of the Armed Forces andTheir Dependents. This 20-page book-let, an official publication of the Re-training and Reemployment Adminis-

tration, outlines the rights and bene-fits to which you are entklcd. Thegovernment agencies and other organi-zations where services and additionalinformation may be obtained ar e listed.Information for dependents of vet-erans is also included.(2) A notice of separation, whichwill provide certain information forthe civilian agencies which will subse-quently attempt t o serve you. In addi-tion to your name, address and insur-ance data will appear the ratings

which you held, the service schoolsattended, courses taken, off-duty edu-cational courses completed, non-serviceeducation, such as elementary schools,colleges or universities, vocational o rtrade courses completed, type of jobheld in civilian life before the war,name of your last employer and kindof business engaged in.(3) A description of your duties inthe highest rating you held in theNavy and a list of comparable civilianjobs. This will help you tell a pros-pective employer what you did andlearned in the Navy and will show himsome of the civilian jobs you a re nowqualified t o handle.The notice of separat ion and thedescription of duties and comparablecivilian jobs are not yet available, butwill be distributed as soon a s they a redeveloped.The Navy recognizes that one ofyour gravest concerns is the problemof employment after you return from

the war. Through its Civil Readjust-ment Program, the Navy Departmentintends t o help you over the initialhurdles in your return to civilian life-by informing you fully and com-pletely of your rights and benefits andhow t o make effective use of them.To achieve this, you will be handledas individuals and not as routinecases. It is recognized that all in-dividuals are different, and that youdeserve all the attention you need,

The program does not mean that thewar is over o r that peace is in sight(see editor ial, page 3 6 ) . It does mean,however, that the Navy Department isfully aware of its responsibility to themen and women in its service and isdoing everything possible to aid andassist p u pon your return to civilianlife,

.

Recent LawEnlarges Rigon Discharge

Its

Additional rights and privileges ofarmed services personnel in connec-tion with discharge o r release t o in-active duty are granted by Sections104 and 105 of the Servicemens Re-adjustment Act of 1944 (known asthe G. I. Bill of Rights), PublicLaw 346.The sections, quoted by SecNav inAlnav 132-44, 14 Jul y 1944, fo r com-pliance of the naval service, read:Sec. 104-No person shall be dis-charged o r released from active dutyin the armed forces until his certifi-

cate of discharge o r release fromactive duty and final pay, or a sub-stantial portion thereof, are readyf o r delivery t o him o r to his next ofkin or legal representative; and noperson shall be discharged or re-leased from active service on accountof disability unti l and unless he hasexecuted a claim for compensation,pension, or hospitalization, to be filedwith the Veterans Administration,or has signed a statement that hehas had explained to him the rightt o file such claim; provided, that thissection shall not preclude immediatetransfer t o a veterans facility fornecessary hospital care, nor precludethe discharge of any person who re-fuses to sign such claim o r state-ment; and provided fu rthe r, th at re-fusal or failure t o file a claim shallbe without prejudice to any rightthe veteran may subsequently assert.Any person entitled t o a prostheticappliance (artificial limb) shall beentitled, in addition, t o necessary fit-ting and training, including institu-tional training, in the use of suchappliance, whether in a service o r aVeterans Administration hospital, o rby out-patient treatment, includingsuch service under contract.

Sec. 105-No person in the armedforces shall be required t o sign astatement of any nat ure relating t othe origin, incurrence, o r aggrava-tion of any disease o r injury he mayhave, and an y such statement againsthis own interest signed at any time,shall be null and void and of no forceand effect.

The Alnav cancelled all directivesin conflict with the foregoing.

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B L A S T S f r o m t h e 7 1- in ch gu n s o fU . S . batt leship help clear thwa y for the landing of marineOfficlal U. S Coast Guartl Photoyra( l l lA N T I A I R C R A F T b ur st s s p lo t ch t h e e ve n i n g s k y o ve rSaipan as U . S. Navy task force uni t s cover ing landingson 14 Ju ne repulse Ja p a ir a t tack.

__I __-Official U. S. Marine Carps Photograph

BUCKET B R I G A D E : M a ri ne s f o r m a h u m a nconveyor be l t to speed unlo ading of supplies. U N D E R F I R E o n th e beach, invaders crawl towardtheir assigned posit ions just af ter landing.Page 4


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Official U. S. Marine Corps PhotographGR EN AD E BARRA GE: Marine at lef t tosses pineapple towardnest of Japs on Saipan as another (cen ter) Rets ready to heave his.

Official U. S. Navy PhotographCASUALTIES are transferred fr om Official U. S. Coast Guard PhotographJ A P B O Y , one of 23,000 civilians onSaipan, makes fr iends w it h marine. H IT by shrapnel froman exploding Jap mor-estroyer to this battleship.Pape 6


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Women Reservists Are Relieving Male PersonnelIn an Increasing Variety of U. S. Shore Billets

There are 37,300 naval officers andmen a t sea or overseas today who werereleased from continental shore billetsby members of t he Womens Reserve.There are 30,000 others in the Fleetwho would have gone from trainingcamps to continental shore billets hadthere not been Waves t o fill expandingcomplements a t naval activities withinthe U. S.These 67,300 officers and men arefighting today, perhaps off the beachesof Normandy o r in Task Force 58,because women of the Navy have vol-unteered to carry on in their placesashore fo r the duration.The Womens Reserve, as it ob-served its second anniversary on 30July 1944, could thus look back upona brief but glowing record of expan-sion and achievement: During its twoyears of existence its members havefreed enough officers and men to mana fleet of 10 battleships, 10 aircraftcarriers, 28 cruisers and 50 destroyers.By latest count, the Womens Re-serve now includes 72,350 members, ofwhom some 5,000 are awaiting call t oactive duty. It is headed for a totalof nearly 100,000 by the end of 1944.So long as more women volunteer, theprocess of releasing more men forcombat duty will continue.In two years time Waves have be-come an integral part of the Navy-not merely an adjunct. Some shore

establishments have found th at womenare better suited than men for certainkinds of work.Vice Admiral Ross T. McIntire,(MC) USN, Surgeon General of theNavy, has stated that he would like tohave Wave hospital corpsmen retainedin the Navy after the war. So wellhave Waves acquitted themselves inBuShips that Rear Admiral EdwardL. Cochrane, USN, chief of the bureau,stated not long ago that it is no ex-aggeration to say that without theirassistance, it would have been impos-sible for the Bureau to have carriedon successfully the present $26,000,-000,000 naval shipbuilding program.There is a Wave ensign in BuShips,a former yeoman, whose job is t o getmachinery from . manufacturers t oshipyards . She was one of hundredsin the U. S. who put in long hours ofovertime months before D-day in Nor-mandy. In a small way she felt shewas a part of the invasion fleet andany overtime was more than compen-sated for on reading of the wonderfuljob done by our boys on those craft.Since its first anniversary a year

ago (INFORMATIONULLETIN, Aug.1943, p. 6 ) , the Womens Reserve hasadded nearly 50,000 members andtaken over more specialized jobs previ-ously fiIled only by men.With the passage last fall of legis-lation which removed previous restric-

Official U. S. Navy PhotographsABOVE: W av es serve as instructors0% firing range at Naval AirGunners School, Ho llywoo d , Fla .tions on rank, the director of theWomens Reserve, Mildred II . McAfee,was elevated to the rank of captain.The assistant director, Tova P. Wiley,now holds the rank of commander, andthere are several Wave officers withthe rank of lieutenant commander.This legislation also made it possiblef o r the Navy to promote Wave juniorofficers by the same Alnav system ap-plied to men.The policy of allowing enlistedWaves equal opportunities with men

t o strike f or higher ratings has. per-mitted several hundred to reach pettyofficer first class status, and a t leastf o u r t o make chief petty officers.Waves are now considered directlyeligible for 34 different ratings, andm ay be granted others if approved byBuPers. Some of the rati ngs newlyearned by Waves are aviation machin-ists mate (inst rument mechanic) , lec-tricians mate, radio technician, avia-tion radio technician, aviation ord-nanceman, printer, ships service man,specialist (gunnery), specialist (mail)and specialist (welfare) .Nearly 700 enlisted women havebeen sent through the Naval ReserveMidshipmen School (WR) and havebeen commissioned. This means tha tabout one-tenth of all Wave officersnow in service have come up from en-listed status.


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The Womens Reserve training pro-gram has been changed from time t otime to meet the Navys needs. Therenow are 20 enlisted training units inoperation, in addition to the large bootcamp at the U. S. Naval Training School (W R) , The Bronx, New York,where over 5,000 women are in train-ing at one time and 1,680 are gradu-ated every two weeks.Advance training units range fromyeoman, storekeeper and radio schoolsto such new fields as aviation freegunnery, celestial navigation, mail spe-cialist, and sound motion picture tech-nician. Some of these are regularschools with a steady flow of trainees;others train jus t a few as needed.One brand new type of training isjust starting at the Naval TrainingCenter, Great Lakes. Enlisted womenwill be trained there as antiaircraftgunnery instructors and then will besent to naval operating bases andArmed Guard centers to teach enlistedmen how to shoot enemy planes out ofthe sky.More and more enlisted Waves arestudying for their ratings on the job.Seamen make up 26.1% of all enlistedWaves now on duty; another 16.6%are seamen in training schools.Besides the Northampton trainingcenter for Wave officers, there are 12other officer training schools and twoin-service training units. These coversuch fields a s Japanese language, radioand radar, air navigation, educationalservices, communications, supply andothe r fields.Today there ar e more women officersin the Supply Corps than there wereregular Navy Supply Corps officers be-for e the war. And in the Communica-tions Division of Naval Operations atWashington, D. C., women officersactually outnumber men, although thegeneral ratio for the Navy Depart-ment is one Wave officer t o every threemen officers.Waves are now performing nearlyevery conceivable type of duty a t 500naval shore establishments. SeamenWaves are holding down about 40 dif-ferent types of billets. Some of these

These W av e oficers teach celestial lzavigatiolz at N A S, N o r f o l k .are bookkeeper, typist, key punchoperator, mechanical draftsman, statis-tical draftsman, cartographer, researchassi stant , receptionist, escort, teletypeoperator, switchboard operator, multi-lith operator, assistant printer, photolithographer, photograph printer, as-sistant master-at-arms, laboratorytechnician, chauffeur, laundry worker,commercial artist, film projectionist.Most rated Waves are either yeo-men or storekeepers, although hospitalcorpsmen are a close third. Aviationratings a re fourth and specialists fifth.Women now hold 1 2 of the 16 special-ist ratings.About 9,000 enlisted women are inthe Hospital Corps, many of themholding first class ratings. Manywomen officers also are in the MedicalDepartment, most of them as special-ists in medical fields. There ar e 34women doctors and two dentists. Bothofficers and enlisted women are doinga great deal of work in occupa-tional therapy and in physiotherapy.

The Navy Postal Service is anothersphere in whichwomen have a largerepresentation-more than 1,000 outof the 6,000 mail personnel in conti-nental stations. This rati o will gohigher when the training of men forspecialist ( M ) stops in the near fu-ture and only Waves are trained f o rthis rating.All aviation cadets who have com-pleted their training during the pastyear are likely t o have worked withWaves serving as Link trainer in-structors, mech plane captains oftraining ships, free gunnery instruc-tors or control-tower operators.So f a r the Womens Reserve hasbeen limited to duty within the conti-nental U. S., but a bill is now beforeCongress to grant the Navy permis-sion to send its women overseas. Shouldthe measure be approved, Waves willhave a still wider field in which tojustify Admiral Kings tribute to theWomens Reserve-an inspiration toall hands in the naval service.

Waue PhMs assist delzt is t at NT C , Sampsolz, N. Y , Specialists (Y ) direct traffic at NAS, Alzacostia, D. C.I/


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FIRST STEP ilz the casualty list-locate klzowlz survivors, some-times widely scattered. Here meisfrom a burlzilzg carrier are pickedup by laulzches from escortilzgships, as others slide dowlz ropes,ilzto the water .ARNOLD PEABODY GUNNERSMATE FIRST CLASS USNR WASFORMANCE O F HI S DUTY ANDKILLED IN ACTION IN THE PER-IN THE SERVICE O F HIS COUN-TRY. TH E DEPARTMENT EX-TENDS TO YOU ITS SINCERESTSYMPATHY IN YOUR GREATLOSS. HIS REMAINS HAVE BEENBURIED AT SEA. IF FURTHERDETAILS ARE RECEIVED YOUVENT POSSIBLE AID TO OURVULGE THE NAME OF HIS SHIPOR STATION

VICE ADMIRAL RANDALL

WILU BE INFORMED. TO PRE -ENEMIES PLEASE DO NOT DI-

Behind the Casualty List. . .How the Navy Speeds the Sad News-Truthfully andTactfully-from the Battlefronts to the Home Front

Fyom the bat tlefronts of the worldcome messages of victory-but withthem must come, also, crisp formalizedreports of casualty:Name, rank o r rate, number, status,and date.In these brief dispatches lie worldsof tragedy, despair and courage forthose on the home front.Behind them, also, is the unflinch-ing bravery of men-bravery in theface of enemies they know must bedefeated before they can end, once andfor all, the necessity of casualty noti-fication.Every man who sails o r flies realizeshis may be the life sacrificed in gain-ing victory. He knows that a t homesomeone will be waiting, with thatfear which lurks deep in the eyes ofevery Navy wife, mother and child,and which leaps out when the tele-graph boy rings the doorbell.For every casua lty which reddens adeck o r landing beach, there is some-one at home who must bear the sadnews.

The task of telling this news truth-fully, tactfully and promptly is theresponsibility of BuPers.Because most Navy action is in thePacific, where big task forces day andnight hunt down the Japs, that areaPage 10

is used as the background for thisstory of casualty notification.In the phosphorescent blackness ofthe f a r Pacific, a destroyer probes thewaters after a battle action.An arm waves feebly. The destroy-ers whaleboat edges across the swellsand works up from leeward. Eagerhands haul the exhausted man aboard.In widening circles, firefly flash-lights wink hopefully, prayerfully.Some sink from sight-Soon Radio-Washington will pick upa message: the CO, uss Big City, issending casualty reports.In the Casualty Notification andProcessing Section of the DependentsBenefits Division of BuPers, the secur-ity officer hands the dispatch t o ananalysis officer.What is going to be told the parentsof the brave officers and men who aredead, missing, and wounded?Suppose Peabody, James Arnold,GMlc, a lithe, tow-haired farm boyfro m central Ohio, is reported as dead.An official telegram in somewhat thefollowing form is dispatched by Bu-Pers :T H E N A V Y DEPARTMENTDEEPLY REGRETS TO INFORMYOU THAT YOUR SON JAMES

* * *

JACOBSPERSONNELTHE CHIEF O F NAVAL

This is followed in a few days by aletter, such as the one which follows,bearing the personal signature of theSecretary of the Navy.My dear Mr. and Mrs Peabody:I desire to offer to you my personalcondolence in the death of your son,James Arnold Peabody, United StatesNaval Reserve, which occurred on 22July 1944,while in the performance ofhis duties.It is hoped that y6u may find com-fort in the thought that he made thesupreme sacrifice, upholding the high-est traditions of the Navy, in th e de-fense of his country.

Sincerely yours,James ForrestalSecretary of the NavyThen the grieved parents will un-doubtedly hear from the commandingo r senior surviving officer of the BigCity, as soon as the exigencies of warpermit. He will write somewhat asfollows :It was my sad duty to notify theNavy Department regarding the deathof your son James.Because of military restrictions Icannot give you all of the details ofhis death, but you may be assuredyour son gave his life in the traditionof the Navy-gloriously, fear less lyand proudly.As his commanding officer I wantyou to know that James was a ship-mate of whom we were all proud andwith whom we were honored to serve.The Navy and the nation can illafford to lose the valuable services ofp c h a person as your son.Within a short time, too, the parentswill undoubtedly receive a letter fromthe chaplain who presided over theirsons burial. This will be a note ofsolace, giving in some detail the color,


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feeling and beauty of the ritual underwhich men of the Navy are sent t otheir resting places.After a period the commanding o rsenior surviving officers action repor twill reach the Navy Department. Aletter from BuPers, based on this ac-tion report and giving as many detailsas possible without contravening se-curity, will be sent to the parents, whoare always anxious to have every de-tail surrounding the death of theirson.Concurrently with the dispatch ofall these words of sympathy and com-fort, the Navy proceeds t o render allpossible material assistance t o th efamily.The six months death gratuity ispayable. Since i t is clear th at Peabodymet his death in line of duty and notas a result of his own misconduct,this gratuity, equal to six times themonthly base pay to which Peabodywas entitled a t the time of his death,will be paid as promptly as his bene-ficiaries re tur n their application there-for and supply other necessary data.Forms on which to claim the arr earsof pay due Peabody at the time of hisdeath a re sent to his heirs by BuPers.Final settlement is made by the Gen-eral Accounting Office.Payments of Government o r Na-tional Service Life Insurance, carriedby more than 90% of naval personnel,ar e made by the Veterans Administra-tion. The monthly instalment pay-ments begin a s soon a s the certificateof death from the Big Citys medicalofficer and a claim from the benefici-ary are received and the case adjudi-cated by the Veterans Administration.Pension rights, and other benefitsdependent on death, are explained inletters and in a pamphlet, preparedand sent to next of kin by BuPers, en-titled Benefit Guide f o r Officers andEnlisted Personnel.Patrick Albany, a red-haired, blue-eyed, 22-year-old watertender thirdclass from Pittsburgh, .is reported a smissing in action aboard the B igcity.A telegram from th e Chief of NavalPersonnel goes t o Albanys wife insomewhat the following form:T H E N A V Y DEPARTMENTDEEPLY REGRETS TO INFORMRICK ALBANY WATERTENDERTHIRD CLASS USN IS MISSINGFOLLOWING ACTION IN THEPERFORMANCE O F HIS DUTYAND I N THE SERVICE O F HISCOUNTRY. TH E DEPARTMENTAPPRE CIATE S YOUR G R E A TANXIETY BUT DETAILS NOTNOW AVAILABLE AND DELAYIN RECEIPT THEREOF MUSTNECESSARILY BE EXPECTED.

This also contains the cautionagainst revealing the name of theship.The telegram is followed promptlyby a letter by which the Bureau con-

YOU THAT YOUR HUSBAND PAT-

In most instances, fictitious namesof casualties are used in this storyto typify casualty notification. H o w -ever, due to the size o f the navalservice, there may be instances ofcokcidental resemblance.firms the report that Albany is miss-ing in action and assures the next ofkin that when additional informationbecomes available it will be sent.Also enclosed is a booklet, Informa-tion Concerning Naval Personnel Re-ported Missing. It explains the mean-ing of t he term missing and outlinesthe procedure for contining pay andallowances and for the payment ofallotments therefrom during the periodof the missing status.The commanding officer, the chap-lain, and the Chief of Naval Personnelsend letters, the latter based on theaction report, to Mrs. Albany.The status of missing is the mostdifficult for next of kin to understandcorrectly.A telegram reporting that someoneis missing in action means that hecannot be accounted for after combat.If he is reported missing, with noreference to action, it means he can-not be accounted for after some otheractivity in which he has participated.In either case, the telegram meansth at as yet no information is availableto indicate what has happened to him.So far as is known he has not beenfound. There is no evidence he ha ssurvived or that he has been takenprisoner. Nor is there proof that he isdead.

It often is extremely difficult to de-termine what has happened t o miss-ing naval personnel. In some cases,unfortunately, complete details maynever be known. In th is respect theNavys problem is often more difficultthan that facing the Army, becausethe oceans swallow up so rapidly allevidence of engagements fought uponthem.In the absence of a report of sur-vivorship o r of prisoner of war status,o r of the receipt of evidence of death,Albany will be carried as missing inaction for at least 12 months. Atthe end of t ha t period the Secretary ofthe Navy, following an exhaustive re-view of all circumstances surroundingthe missing status, will continuesuch status o r will make a finding ofpresumptive death.The missing s ta tus will be con-tinued in those cases where there stillis some doubt whether the missingpersons are dead o r alive o r are pris-oners of war. Pa y and allowances con-tinue throughout the missing status ,and allotments continue t o be paidtherefrom.A finding of death is made when theevidence indicates beyond doubt thatthe presumption of continuance of lifehas been overcome. If such a findingis made, the date of the presumptivedeath is the day following the expira-tion of the 12 months absence. Sucha finding i s merely t o the effect th atas of t he da te thereof the officer o rman is, for the purpose of naval ad-ministration, no longer alive. It doesnot mean that death actually occurredon th at date. If a finding of death is

Official U. S. Navy P l l o t o g ~ p h iPERSON AL LETTERS g o out to next of k in fro m commamding or selziorsurviving off icer. Above: Lt. E. C . Leber , US N R , wri tes fami l ies ofth e 29 casualties when his PC 558 was torpedoed in Mediterranealz.

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made, pay accounts are closed as ofthe presumed date of death, and thevarious benefits, such as the sixmonths death gratuity, become Pay-able.Going through the records one issurprised to note the missing offi-cers and men who have eventuallybeen located and brought back tosafety. From the hundreds of tinyislands in the Pacific where nativesoften rescue and assist them to theirbases, from the frozen wastes ofGreenland and the Aleutians whereour ships car ry on a tire!ess search,these missing persons have returnedunder miraculous circumstances, some-times long after reasonable hope isgone.Nothing gives a greater thrill thansending a dispatch that a person pre-viously reported as missing is knownto be a survivor.While the B i g City was sending sev-eral thousand Japs to their dragon-infested heaven, Ensign Hilary Esta-brook Barnville , D-V ( S ),USNR, anti-aircraft gunnery officer from Bat0Rouge, Louisiana, was wounded in theright t high by shrapnel. He continuedat his station until the order to aban-don ship came. Then he shepherdedhis gun crews over the side beforebeing helped over himself. The firstreport to th e, Navy Department mayonly list him as wounded in action.Personnel are reported m woundedin action only when hospitalization isrequired.

To the ensigns sister a telegramsomewhat as follows will be sent bythe Chief of Naval Personnel:T H E N A V Y DEPARTMENTDEEPLY REGRETS TO INFORMYOU THAT Y O U R BROTHERENSIGN H I L A R Y ESTABROOKBARNVILLE USNR HAS BEENWOUNDED IN ACTION IN THEPERFORMANCE OF HIS DUTYAND I N TH E SERVICE OF HISCOUNTRY. T HE DEPARTMENTAPPRECIATES Y 0 U R G R E A TANXIETY BUT E X T E N T OFWOUNDS NOT NOW AVAILABLEAND DELAY IN RECEIPT THERE-

OF MUST NECESSARILY BE EX-PECTED BUT WILL BE FUR-NISHED YO U PROMPTLY IF RE -CEIVED.This dispatch also urges keeping se-cure th e name of t he ship.If further details concerning En-sign Barnvilles wounds a re received inBuPers, an amplifying letter is sentto his sister, giving the details and, ifpossible, telling her how she may ad-dress mail t o her brother.If you are nicked by a piece ofenemy steel or are even injured aboardship, write to your family as soon as

possible. All th e words at the com-mand of the Navy cannot take theplace of a brief note from you.Seven months after the Big Citywent down, a letter such as this maybe sent from BuPers:Page 12

Official U. S. Navy Photograph

BUSY BUPERS PHONES are these im Casualty Sectiom, which answersinquiries of anxious relatiues. W a v e im foregrozcmd motes imformatiomsought b y caller as others amswer questio ns, look up information im files.Mr. Frank QuigleyR.F.D. No . 1Mohican, KansasDear Mr. Quigley:

On 1 December 1943 you were in-formed that you son Roland Quigley,Chief Electricians Mate, United StatesNavy, had been reported as missingin action and you were assured thatany additional information which be-came available would be given to YOU.The Navy Department has nowlearned tha t mail with your sons nameon it has been mailed from Japaneseterritorf.While your son has not been offi-cially reported by the Japanese gov-ernment as a prisoner of war, themailing of this correspondence is re-garded by the Navy Department asacceptable evidence that he is in facta prisoner of war.From information received by theNavy Department it is believed thatyour son is being held in MalayaPrisoner of War Camp, Japanese ter-ritory.The Prisoner of War InformationBureau, Office of the Provost Mar-shal General, War Department, Wash-ington 25, D. C., has jurisdiction overall matters pertaining to prisoners ofwar, and will write to you and explainthe proper way in which mail may besent to your son.The Navy Department joins you inthe hope that your son will returnsafely to you and his home.By direction of the Chief of NavalPersonnel.Sincerely yours.Quigleys story sldwly develops asadditional scraps of informationtrick le back to the Allies-to ONI, toRed Cross centers, t o the Interna-tional Red Cross Office at Geneva, to

military short-wave monitors on bothcoasts, to patient guardians of the airwaves who pick up broadcasts fromJapanese camps, and to the parentswho receive heavily censored post-cards.Usually, however, first informationabout o u r men interned by the enemycomes in the form of cables from theInternational Red Cross at Geneva.These cables, based on advices fromthe enemy, are sent t o the Prisonerof War Information Bureau in Wash-ington. Pati ent checking of the listsfrequently reveals a Navy person. Atelegram is immediately sent byBuPers to the next of kin.It is because of such cases as Quig-leys that the Navy is reluctant tomake a finding of presumptive deathunless, after 12 months, the facts arealmost incontrovertible. Unde r th elaw, findings of presumptive deathcannot be made in regard to personnelmissing for less than 12 months.When a ship such as the Big City

goes down in the vicinity of SouthPacific islands, it is not uncommonto have men swim ashore, hide outfrom the Japs for weeks and even-tually make their way back to safety.In that case, the following wire im-mediately is dispatched to the next ofkin :THE NAVY DEPARTMENT ISGLAD TO INFORM YOU THATYOUR SON VERNON LANGLEYCOXSWAIN USN PREVIOUSLYREPORTED MISSING FOLLOW-ING ACTION IN THE PERFORM-ANCE O F HIS DUTY IS NOW RE-

WILL DOUBTLESSLY COMMUNI-PORTED T O BE A SURVIVOR. HECATE DIRECTLY WITH YOU ATAN EARLY DATE INFORMINGYOU AS TO HIS WELFARE ANDWHEREABOUTS. T H E ANXIETY


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CAUSED YMESSAGEGRETTED.OU BY THE PREVIOUSIS DEEPLY RE-

VICE ADMIRAL RANDALLJACOBSTHE CHIEF O F NAVALPERSONNEL.No problems in notification of nextof kin are more dffficult than thosesurrounding the Armed Guard crewson our merchant ships. These officersand men are in reality on detachedduty on merchant ships the worldover.There was the case of th e ss JamesW . Denver, for instance, whose crewturned up a t five different locationsthousands of miles apart, and overintervals ranging from a couple ofweeks to about two months.In another sinking-that of the ssHenry Knox-survivors were pickedup by natives and taken t o the Mal-dive Islands in the Arabian Sea.Eventually they reached mainland.Because of the worldwide traffic ofour merchant ships, these examplesillus trate the difficulty of ascertain ingthe s ta tus of missing Armed Guardpersonnel.Notifying the next of kin of navalcasualties is gri m business. Everyone-connected with the work realizes thatone error in notification could resultin untold unhappiness. From the mo-ment the dispatch arrives announcingthe casualty to the Navy Departmentuntil the last possible step has beentaken t o assuage the grief of lovedones =left behind, BuPers works withutmost diligence and consideration.The Navy endeavors, when prac-ticable, to notify the next of kin ofcasualties before. public announcementof a ship loss is made. On occasion,although rarely, announcement of theloss has been made before the casual-ties have been known, when the re-lease did not compromise security.During July 1943, fo r example, thisprocedure was followed in announcingthe loss of the uss Helena, the USSStrong, and the uss Gwin, and, morerecently, the uss Liscome Bay.When this does happen, the Casu-alty Section is deluged by calls, tele-grams and letters from the next ofkin of officers and men aboard.And even though the news story o rradio report clearly states that thenext of kin have been notified-as isth e case 98 times out of 100-thegnawing anxiety of the folks at homewill drive them to phone, wire o rwrite about their individual Navy of-ficer and enlisted man.No information about a casualty orabout a man whose safety is evenquestioned is given over the telephoneuntil his status has been carefullychecked. In any event, it is standardpractice for everyone in the CasualtySection to make the most completecheck in every case where next of kinis to be informed of a casualty.

How to Report a CasualtyCommanding officers must reportcasualties specifically under one ofthe following heads :(a) Dead (giving cause)(b) Killed in action( c ) Killed (not as a result ofenemy action)(d) Wounded in action (to sucha degree, that is, as to require hos-

pitalization)(e ) Injured (to such a degree asto require hospitalization, but notas a result of enemy action)(f) Missing in action(g) Missing (not as a result ofenemy action)Such phrases as lost, per-ished or missing and presumeddead should never be used,

The first step in notification on anew casualty is to make positive theidentification of a man named in thedispatch from the commanding officer.When casualties occur outside theUnited States, the commanding officernotifies the Secretary of the Navy,who empowers BuPers t o inform thenext of kin.When the casualty takes place with-in the continental limits of the UnitedStates, the commanding officer notifiesth e next of kin directly, at the sametime sending word to the Navy De-partment of the casualty.With the scores of possibilities oferror resulting from similarity ofnames, garbles in transmission, mea-

ger identification and inevitable humanmistakes, it would be foolhardy tomake notification without a completecheck.Not only is the mans o r officersjacket studied to see that his pagenine o r orders show him attached tothe ship which has been hit, but alsohis Family Allowance jacket, musterroll, beneficiary slip, and any otherpossible source of information, are

checked before the unit releases word.Casualty messages are sent to thenext of kin by telegraph. The mes-sages originating in Washington arenever delivered between 2200 and0700. They are delivered by messen-ger except in the most unusual cases,such as having the addressees residemany miles from the nearest tele-graph office. Even then a specialcourier is generally hired to c arr y themessage directly to the home. When-ever possible, the telegram is givento the man of the family.Receipt of word of casualties inBuPers sets in motion the complexprocess of notify ing not only the nextof kin but also all naval and otheractivities which would bring aid toth e beneficiaries (see box below).. For all this grimness, the task ofnotifying the next of kin has its com-pensations in the genuine gratitudeand stouthearted bravery evidenced bythose who receive the messages.The correspondence reaching theNavy Department from the next ofkin who have been informed of a cas-ualty is a tribute to the fundamental

Following are some of the activi-ties which must be notified by theCasualty Notification and ProcessingSection on most cases the Sectionhandles:1. BuS&A, Field Branch, to can-cel o r change allotments, to settlepay accounts, t o pay six monthsdeath gratuity, to cancel fidelitybonds in the case of bonded officersand to terminate family allowancepayments.2. Vete rans Administration, fo rinsurance and pensions.3. General Accounting Office, f o rfinal settlement of all accounts.4. Bureau of Medicine and Sur-gery, to complete health records, toprepare death certificates, to recordthe place of bur ial and be preparedto make arrangements for transfersof bodies after the war of those whodie outside the continental UnitedStates.5. Public Relations, so that thehome-town papers, etc., can be noti-

fied.6. Navy Relief, so that it can ex-tend its benefits.7. Fleet Post Office Directory, SO

Activities Notified In Event of a Casualtythat it can arrange for returningmail.8. Various BuP ers activities, suchas Files, Officer Distribution Division,Fitness Reports, Reviews, OfficerPerformance, Service Records, Ap-pointments and Promotions, StatusChanges and Detail Section.9. Medals and Awards.10. Navy Register.11. The Prisoner of War Officeof the Navy, and the War Depart-ment Prisoner of Wa r InformationEureau.12. The Commandant of theNaval District in which next of kinreside, so that a Chaplain may call,if practicable. It has been the prac-tice on casualties occurring in theWashington, D. C. area to have theChaplain visit the next of kin butunder new arrangements this prac-tice has been enlarged to encompassall United Sta tes area s where pos-sible.13.- American Red Cross.14. Special notification is made insome instances to one o r more of thefollowing: Merchant .Marine Re-serve, the Naval Mutual Aid Associa-tion, Navy Athletic Association andthe United States Naval Academy.

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Official U. S. Navy Photograiihs

Ashore, on a South Pacific island (left), or afloat, om a U. . carrier (r ig ht) , men wh o died in the serviceof their country receive final honors. In center is Presidential Accolade sent to fa mil y.greatness of American people in timcof war.The vast majority of those writingto the department show a courage,a resolve, and a dignity which nevercould be exhibited except by those wholove freedom and their country.For instance :Dear Mr. Secretary:Mrs.- nd I deeply appreciateyour letter of sympathy. We apolo-gize for not having acknowledged itlong before this, but it has not beenuntil recently that we have felt wewere able to do so.There are times when it is almostimpossible to accept the truth, andth is is one of them. Evident ly it wasnot for us to be one of th e fortuna teparents to welcome ou r son home afterthe war is over.Since the birth of this nation, nogeneration has escaped a war, and thisone was not to be the first exception.It seems a shame that nations cantlive together in peace and content-ment. The cream of the country mustsuffer for the wrongs of others. Itwas ever thus and probably will neverbe otherwise.The Navy Department was mostkind to us during our days of anxietyand its kindness is most appreciated.Sincerely yours.

Another:Dear M r. Secretary:Mrs.- nd I wish you t o knowthat we are deeply touched by yourlette r pf sympathy to us on the lossof ou r son who died in a trainingcrash in this country. We wish alsoto tell you about the fine courtesiesand sensibilities of your officers andmen concerned, in all official matters,from the time of the death throughthe burial a t Arlington and late r cere-monies. Official form and individualPage i4

L .

discrimination were perfectly blended.In particular we wish t o reportthe fine courtesy of the commandingand other senior officers of our sonssquadron. In going f a r and above thecall of formal duties, these officers didmuch to ease the shock to us. Neitherof us could have supposed this to bepossible had not your officers done it.As a result we both have a newfeeling about the Navy-a feeling th atit belongs to us personally and that itregards itself as part of the nationrather than as a profession only.Staffing with such men is the bestsecurity for a nation of free men;for, in such a nation, continuing con-cert in action can be nourished only

Breaking the News . . . IYou may have anyone you wishinform your family in the eventyou become a casualty. Many in-3icate they would like a close friend)r relative o r the pastor to breakthe news, should it ever become Iecessary.The Navy will respect yourwishes scrumlouslv. It will notifywhom you - select otherwise, thknext of kin.You may designate persons out-side your immediate family whomyoud like t o have informed in caseanything happens. This will alsobe done.Some persons have said theywant word withheld until a certaindate-perhaps until a baby can beborn. This ha s occurred in severalinstances and the mans wishes havebeen carefully fulfilled.If for any reason you wish t ochange o r add to your list of thoseyoud like notified-or if there is achange of address-be promptabout notifying the Bureau. Itsfo r your sake-and theirs.

by kinship of spiri t made manifes tthrough kinship of sympathy.Yours sincerely.One more:

My dear M r. Secretary:I should like to thank you for yourletter of the tenth, extending yoursympathy for the loss of my husbandin the explosion of his ship.,It has been a privilege f o r the lastthree years t o have known of the fine-ness of the Navy through my husband.Since his death, I have been deeplygrateful for the unusual thoughtful-ness and consideration shown by everyofficer and seaman connected with theloss of his ship.It must be particularly gratifyingth at the efficiency of t he Coast Guardand hospitals are responsible for thesaving of such a large number andf o r their remarkable recovery fromboth injury and shock.There must be further satisfactionin learning that after the explosionwithout chiefs o r officers, the men con-ducted themselves in a way, I am told,that was inspiring and truly a creditt o their naval training.May I, again, express my appre-ciation for your letter.

Sincerely yours.This unselfish exhibition of charac-ter is a driving force in keeping theBureau ever aware of the considera-tion which next of kin should receivein every case.Often photographs appear of Amer-ican prisoners in enemy camps. Thesealways lead t o mountains of inquiriesfrom relatives of missing men, whoare certain th at th e men in the photo-graph a re their missing ones. Thisleads to long, diligent investigationand correspondence t0 verify the pos-


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sibility o r to disprove it eventually.There are also the countless lettersfrom persons who have not heardfrom their servicemen in some time.The dominating fear, of course, isthat the man is a casualty, and ittakes no small amount of reassurancethat he is safe and well and that hemay send and receive mail via theFleet Post Office.The men themselves could sparetheir next of kin much anxiety andthe Navy a great deal of work bysending an occasional note home.This is particularly true in view ofth e immense amount of scuttlebut&some of it Axis propaganda-thatships have been lost when actuallythey have not even been hit.The many service agencies, suchas the Red Cross, the veterans organ-izations and the Veterans Administra-tion, carry on voluminous correspond-ence with BuPers and there are alsomany reports from the Fleet uponwhich BuPers bases much of itscorrespondence to the next of kin.These include supplementary reportsof death, giving fuller details of acasualty, and letters of condolence.These latter must be cleared byBuPers, because often the casualty isbeing carried in a missing status, asrequired by law, whereas the com-manding officer might refer to him aslost, implying prematurely that heis dead.Personal effects of naval casualtiesar e routed to Naval Supply Depots a tScotia, New York, or Clearfield, Utah,and are released to the next of kinfrom there a t the direction of .BuPers.In certain cases where there maybe trinkets o r valuables of a highlysentimental o r economic significance,these effects are forwarded directly toBuPers for appropriate handling.Often clothing and other effects inexcess of allowances ar e shipped bythe men to the folks at home withoutan explanation. This causes untoldanxiety until the man has written o rBuPers has been able to determinethat he is alive and well.Typical of the daily correspondencewhich the Bureau receives are the fol-lowing lette rs (all names changed) :Navy DepartmentKind Sirs:Could there be any information ofOliver G. Silver? My mother canhardly stand j ust waiting and waiting,an d not knowing anything. Once Isaw in the paper where an H. D. Col-lier oil tanker was torpedoed in theArabian Sea. Was Oliver G. Silver onthat ship? And if so did an explosionfollow? Could you please give us anyinformation o r do you think therecould be any chance of his being aprisoner of the Japs? Please give uswhat information can be let out to us,as we are very anxious t o know aboutmy brother. Sincerely yours.

Casualty Notification and Process-ing personnel know that commandingor senior surviv ing officers have moreto do than to sit down and write o u tlong dispatches about who was miss-ing and who saved. They aremore concerned by f a r with rescuingthe missing an d with ge tting sur-vivors to a place where they can befcd and clothed.But every man who has gone tosea realizes what it means t o the nextcf kin to receive some word of cer-tainty-no ma tt er how sorrowful-about their men.Here are some DOs and DONTSfor senior surviving officers and forthe men themselves to help get wordquickly and correctly to the wonder-ing ones at home:Provide all details possible as tofull name, serial o r service number,rank o r rating, and branch of service.These greatly help identification in aNavy of some 3,000,000 with moreth an 21,000 Smi ths and 15,000 Jones-es. Too often, only the barest detailsare available, and these may begarbled in transmission.Use the correct description of thecasualty status. Do not say a man islost, presumed dead when you meanhe is missing. Public Law ??O. asemended clearly defines th e miss-ing status, and the Bureau must beguided by the law. It is perfectlyproper and desirable t o make a fur-ther report, changing a mans statusfrom missing t o dead, when allevidence points t o that conclusionaf ter exhaustive search. The JudgeAdvocate General usually concurs inth e commanding officers belief.Send le tters of condolence whichconform t o the facts already sent tothe Bureau. Condolence lette rs fromsenior surviving officers are consid-ered one of the finest sources of com-fort to the bereaved. Almost univer-sally these letters a re warm tributest o the memory of the man who hasmade the sacrifice. But when thesenior surviving officer has notifiedthe Secretary of the Navy that heconsiders a man a s missing andthen inadvertently writes in a letterto the next of kin his regret a t theloss of the man, he s ta rt s a bar-

SomeDOsandDONTSinReporting Casualtiesrage of correspondence an d doubt onthe pa rt of the f amily which some-times takes months to quiet.Copies of condolence letters, to-gether with the originals, are to bedirected via BuPers. This often pre-vents such errors. And these lettersare often the first notice of casualtythe Bureau has had, because ofstrained communications in wartime.Chaplains letters are also a sourceof deep gratification to the next ofkin. The solace which such lettersbring is almost beyond measure.When a chaplain holds a memorialservice and writes a description of itin the letter, he ought to be carefulnot to imply that the man is dead,when he is actually being carried inthe missing status. When such aletter does reach the Bureau for for-warding, a covering le tter explainingthe situation must be written. Astriking example of what can happenif a casualty stat us change is not re-ported i s the receipt of photographsof marker s of graves of men whohave been listed as missing.The commanding officer is urged tocaution the crew to use the utmostcare in filling out thei r beneficiaryslips and other papers indicating nextof kin and heirs.He is also requested to forwardpersonal effec ts of dead o r missingpersonnel t o the Naval Supply Depotat Scotia, N. Y., o r Clearfield, Utah,and to send records, properly closedout, to the Bureau.When death occurs outside the con-tinental limits of the United Sta tes,burial is to be made a t the place ofdeath-either at sea or in Allied ter-ritory.Best guides f o r proper notificationto the Navy are Article 908 of NavyRegulations and Article D-9601 ofthe BuPers Manual, as well as sup-plementary Alnavs (see referenceslisted at the end of this article).Above all, it is well to rememberthat almost as tragic as notificationof a real casualty is notification tothe wrong next of kin resulting fromsome omission o r error in advice tothe Navy Department.* * *

Another : express ing appreciation in behalf ofDear Sir: the nation. They ar e sent in sturdyReceived my check for the six cardboard tubes to next of kin as per-month death gratuity in the case of .y:ztd::rtosonoring hemy son Howard V. Torkel F2c USNand thank you very much. My son These accolades bring for th manygave his life. Will he receive a medal? let ter s of pleased and sincere thanks.It is important that I keep all recordsof each one as I have three other sonsin the Navy. Thanking you again fo rall your help, I always remain,

A Navy Mother.Over the signature of the President,an accolade is issued t o commemoratethe sacrifice of all who have died inservice. These ar e beautiful docu-ments in scroll and Old English type

One of these letters reads:Gentlemen :

This is to acknowledge receipt ofthe Memorial Accolade for my sonVernon Leonard George, who gave hislife at Pearl Harbor. I am sincerelygrateful for this tribute to his memoryfrom our President and in behalf ofmy son I forward my sincere thanks.(Continued on Page 62)

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SU B BUS TE RS : The se 83- foot Coast Guard cut ters he lped chase U-boatsf r o m U . S. eas t coas t. Du rin g th e invas ion of Normandy such matchboxes saved m ore t ha n 800 All ie d soldiers and sailors fr om d row ning .

Of f i c i a l U. S. Co a s t Guard Pho t o g r ap h sS M O K E S C R E EN zs la id d o w n b y R Coast Guard-manned LST d u r i n g al and ing in th e Sou thw est Pacif ic, where-as in other theaters of war-CG invasion craft operate side-by-side with Navy uessels .Page 16

HE U . S. COAST GUARD, es-Ttablished by Congress on 4 Aug.1790 as the Revenue Cutter Service,observes its 154th anniversary thismonth with more than 169,000 officersand enlisted personnel serving on allmajor war fronts.In time of peace the Coast Guard,operating under the Treasury Depart-ment, is mainly concerned with pro-tecting life and property and enforcingFederal laws at sea. During wa r o rnational emergency it becomes p ar t ofthe Navy, as it did 1 Nov. 1941.Coast Guardsmen were a t Tulagiand Guadalcanal. They manned land-ing barges at Tarawa and Makin,helped storm beaches in the Marshallsand New Guinea. They operated as-sault transports and landing craft atSaipan and were very much a partof European operations from NorthAfrica to Normandy.Its no wonder, then, that CoastGuardsmen would :. . . i ke to find t h e guy thatnamed t he C oast Guard,A n d find o u t j u s t w h a t coast hehad in mind . .


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-,

IC E is removed from navigat ionbuoy by Coast Guardsmen us ingaxe and stream of w ater.D - D A Y O FF N O R M A N D Y f o u n d t he se Co ast G ua rd -m a nn ed LCI(L)s,protected by barrage balloolzs, m ov in g across th e English Chan nel aspar t o f hug e A l l i ed armada for t he as saul t om th e French coast .

U- BO AT , r idd led by gun fi re , isabout t o s ink a f ter encoulz ter ingCoast Guar d cu tter rrSpencer.

GE YS ER S are ra ised by bombsdroppilzg close t o Coast Guardship as gunners f ight off Ja pplanes,

Of f i c i a l U. S. Coast Guard P h o t o g r a p h sU SS WA KE FIE LD , fo rmer l y t h e l i ner Manha ttan , i s back in t h e f ightas a Coast Guard transpor t af ter b eing dam aged early in t h e w ar . T h i srecent photogra ph shows her s i lhouetted agains t th e se tt ing SUB.Page 17


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T had been obvious even before heI spoke that the seaman in the insur-ance office was really stumped.Sir, he began, when his tu rn cameto take a seat at the insurance officersdesk, I would like to know whethero r not to convert my National ServiceLife Insurance.His question-to convert o r not t oconvert?-is one thats being askedhundreds of times a day by naval per-sonnel on duty around the world. Andits one to which no quick answer,covering all cases, can be given. Ageneral discussion of the advantagesand disadvantages of conversion may,however, help you to reach th e bestdecision in your own case.To refresh your memory, it mightbe worthwhile to remind you of thebasic fact s of National Service LifeInsurance before pointing out the prosand cons of conversion.0 National Service Life Insuranceis originally issued to you on a fiveyear basis (Five-Year Level Pre-mium Term), and will expire fiveyears from the effective date of yourpolicy under the present law.

After being in force at leastone year, your term policy may bechanged (converted) t o a permanentplan of insurance, namely: OrdinaryLife, 20-Year Payment Life o r 30-Year Payment Life.0 A maximum of $10,000, o r anyportion in multiples of $500 (mini-mum $1,000), may be converted..Any part you do not convert maybe continued on the term basis o rdiscontinued.

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You may be anxious t o convertnow, in order to gain the advantageof a permanent insurance policywhile still at a young age. In normaltimes with normal mortality experi-ence, such practice is generally be-lieved wise because it makes possiblelifetime protection with fixed premium,a t low cost. In addition, i t providesa secure and systematic savings pro-gram through cash and loan valuesplus paid-up insurance and extended-term insurance provisions.

Unless youre fairly familiar withthe technicalities of insurance, the pre-viously mentioned terms probably needfurther explanation and clarification.Cash value means that, at any timeafter one year,.you can turn inyour policy for cash, whereas theholders of te rm policies will havehad insurance protection only. Allpermanent forms of National Ser-vice Life Insurance have a cashvalue at the end of the first policyyear, which is available for anemergency ;but, once surrendered,the insurance cannot be reinstated.Loan value means that you can bor-row up to 94% on your cash value,at an interest rat e of 5% annually.This loan remains a lien againstthe policy and can be repaid a tany time in full o r in amounts of$5 o r any multiple thereof. Itshould be repaid as soon as pos-sible, t o avoid interest charges.Paid-up insurance works this way:Mike Garrity, Ylc, after leavingthe Navy, converts his term insur-ance to a $10,000 Ordinary Life

policy, a t ag e 25. Five years later,Mike has a cqsh value of $457.60.His paid-up insurance value atthe end of five years, accordingto insurance tables, would amountto $1,186.60. Tha t is, instead ofcashing in his converted policy,Garrity drops his Ordinary Lifepolicy and applies for a paid-upinsurance policy for $1,186.60 andthus has insurance for life f o r thisamount, with no additional pre-miums o r payments of any kind.Extended-Term Insurance providesthat your policy will be extendedautomtically as term insuranceany time after the first year(on any policy except the Five-Year Level Premium plan) if youshould, for any reasons, not beable t o pay the premiums whendue. For example, Mike Garrity,after having his Ordinary Lifepolicy in force for five years, isforced by financial hardships tost op payment of premiums. Mikewould be able to cease paymentsand still have $10,000 insuranceprotection fo r nearly six moreyears. Of course, he can reins tatehis Ordinary Life policy at anytime by payment of back premi-ums, plus interest, and submittingproof-of health satisfactory to theVeterans Administration.

H o w to do itYour insurance may be converted atany time when it is in force, afte r youhave had it for one year and before the

end of the five-year period (withouttaking a medical examination), intoone of three types of insurance plans:Ordinary Life is the lowest-costingform of permanent insurance-but you must always pay the pre-miums as long as you live..%O-Year Payment has the highestpremium rate of the three plans,but is all paid up in 20 years, andthe insurance continues in forcefor the remainder of your life forthe face amount of the policy.30-Yea r Payment is the same as the20-Year Payment plan, exceptthat you pay for 10 years longer,and at the end of that time thepolicy is all paid up. Like the20-Year Payment plan, this in-surance continues in force f or theremainder of your life fo r the faceamount of the policy.

All you need do is complete VeteransAdministration Insurance Form 358,in duplicate-the original being sentto Veterans Administration, the copybeing retained by you.If available, your certificate ofNational Service Life Insurance alsoshould be forwarded to the VeteransAdministration in order that it maybe properly endorsed.Unless you pay your premiumsdirectly (which is not recommendedwhile you ar e in the service) you

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should not send these forms t o theVeterans Administration until the of-ficer carrying your pay accounts has(a) registered a new allotment for theincreased premiums and (b) stoppedyour previous allotment.You have a choice

If you should choose to convert,you must also decide whether you wishyour new insurance t o be effective asof the present date, or to have i t datedback t o the time your National ServiceLife Insurance originally became effec-tive or to any date on which a pre-mium was due.

The first optional method you mayselect is entitled, As of current effec-tive date, meaning tha t the new policyselected may be effective as of the date.

any current p.i.e+nium beCowte8 duc,The premium rate on your new policywill be the rate f o r your then attainedage. This is your age on your birth-day nearest the effective date of t henew policy selected.O r you may desire option Number 2which is At a date prior to a currenteffective date. In other words, thenew policy you select may be effectiveas of the date any premium has be-come due, including the original effec-tive date of first policy. Bu t the dif-ference in reserve between your terminsurance and the new plan of insur-ance selected a t this time must be paid.You may be advised of the amount bywriting to the Director of Insurance,Veterans Administration, Washington25, D. C . The required reserve amountsto, roughly, the difference in premiums

PA1D- U PN D OF 1 I N S U R A N C EI I I

174.70 475.50 2 11 077 12.80 3 11 158949.90 4 I1 249

4 7.60 I 186.60 5 354- I I$ 178.10 $ 492.40 2 a n d 110

2 362.40 986.30 4 11 294-,

3 553. O 1481.60 7 11 I934 750.60 1978.40 IO :* 1665 9 4.90 2476.10 13 11 195

I 2 I 250.10 I 680.70 I 3 11 91 IA- 657.30 1704.44 11 321

For policies taken before age 25 , amounts are less than shown. here; f o rpolicies taken after age 25 , they are larger.

between the amount paid for the term-policy and the amount which wouldhave been paid had the insured con-verted at the younger age selected,plus interest on the difference. Thenewpremium rate is that f o r yourage on your birthday nearest t he effec-tive date of the new policy selected.W hy N O T to convert now

However, conversion is not enconr-aged by the Navy Department at thistime.Why? Because, if youre in the sameboat as most servicemen, you willprobably be better off by continuingyour term insurance plan, rath er tha nby changing to one of the h igher pre-mium permanent plans of insurance.You are getting maximum protectionfor minimum outlay.The benefits that would be payableto your beneficiary are identical forboth the term and the permanent(converted) plans of insurance. In-cidentally, many policyholders havethe MISTAKEN idea that the presentNational Service Life Insurance Actpermits a lump sum payment to thebeneficiary of the permanent plan, inthe event of the death of the insured(policyholder).Moreover, as long as your term in-surance is in force, you may convertE t any time (aft er the first year andwithin the five-year period) t o one ofthe permanent plans of insurance, re-gardless of whether you are in orout of the Navy. This privilege ofconversion applies even though yourpremium payments are being waived(paid by the Government) becauseyou are totally disabled.It is well to keep in mind that, afterthe war, a possible temporary decreasein your earning power might forceyou to stop payment on the higher-premium permanent plan of insurance.If you continue the lowlpremium terminsurance, you might be financiallyable t o maintain such insurance pro-tection during this period of lowerpersonal income.Not so long ago, improper conver-sion resulted in a serious handicap tothe dependents of an aviation machin-ists mate. In spite of advice to thecontrary, the enlisted man changed histerm insurance t o the 20-Year Pay-ment plan. He chose t o reduce theamount of the term insurance he wascarrying from $10,000 t o $5,000 inorder t o handle the increased outlay.A short time later, he was fatallyinjured in a plane crash. His wife andsmall child were thus entitled to only50 % of the benefits they would havehad for the full amount of insurancecn the original insurance plan.

The best bet for most servicemenwill probably be to by-pass conversionfo r the duration. However, if you feelyour case is exceptional, consult yourinsurance officer and profit by his ad-vice.Page 19


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Sabmarine Stories:

By CECIL FINKS, USNChief Com missary StewardThe author of this article,-who hailsfr om Toledo, Ohio, has been in theNavy seven years and has served in sub-

marines six years. He has made eightsuccessful submarine wa7 patrols andwill soon have expanded that record.Previously to his naval service he hadcivilian experience as a cook, and heknows Navy cooking by having comeup through the succession of ratings tohis present one. Moreover, he hastrained many other cooks and bakers atthe Submarine Base and School, NewLondon, Conn.UBMARINE chow is famous! Thats much goes without challenge.Everyone in the Navy says so , andeverybody on the outside knows the

reputation of submarine food.Yet, it didnt become famous by ac-cident. That is why I would like tointroduce the submarine cook, whosereputation often hangs on a pinch ofsalt or is drowned in a cup of soup.Page 20

Reputations HangOn a Pinch o SaltSubmariners have fastidious appe-tites. They want, deserve and as-suredly get the best in food. They alsoget the best cooks, and, as a result, thecompetition for submarine cooks is al-most as spirited as a battle surface

against a surprised enemy. A subma-rine cooks reputation is like the seatof his trousers; it follows him every-where.You will hear stories all the timethat submarine crews lose weight ontheir submarine patrols. Dont believeit. Men on my submarines didnt loseweight on patrol. They lost weightwhen they came ashore. When theycame back after liberty, we put themback into shape.From all this, you will see that sub-marine cooks are very jealous of their

reputation-more jealous perhaps thanthe chefs of New Yorks leadinghotels. And tha t reputation is hard t oearn when you are working for suchpractical critics as a healthy subma-rine crew.

t ic les which the INFORMATIONBULLETIN i l l publish 012 l i f e ilzWe encounter disadvantages, too.For example, heres a disadvantageth at we meet rath er frequently. When-ever a submarine is under attack and

is rigged for depth-charging, the elec-tric power t o the ovens is shut off.Suppose you had a batch of bread inthe oven when the attack began. Offgoes the power. Thats one batch ofbread that will never be served.On my sub one night (and I cant gointo details) I lost three batches ofbread th at way. But I had fresh breadf o r the crew the very next morning.Submarine cooks are like that. Theyare submariners; they have to workjust as hard as the engine room gango r the torpedo gang.The perfect submarine cook is theone with the grea test imagination. Heis always dreaming up surprises forhis shipmates. I mean surprises likefudge, pecan brittle, hot apple pie . . .and many others.These are not the regular dishes weserve at the regular meal hours. Thesear e what we call extras. There isnothing that will make a cook morepopular than his extras.

Electric ranges on the submarinesnever grow cold. They are busy nightand day. During the day they are usedfor the regular meals. As soon as themeals are over, the baking starts.Of course, when you sta rt t o bake abatch of bread for the next daysmeals, you know that it is a foregoneconclusion that you will have to baketwo batches in order t o salvage one.We always plan on two batches.A submarine is not so large, andaromas have easy access to the wholeboat. Th at bread being baked smellsalmo-st as sweet t o the men in the for-ward torpedo room as it does to theman in the galley. The result is thatas soon as the bread is out of the oven,along come the torpedomen.Then come the signalmen, crowdingby the motor machinists mates or thequartermasters. O r perhaps the captainand the executive officer feel hungryjust at th at moment, and they, too, willhave slices of fresh bread superchargedwith jam. The parade never ends.It would be futile to hide the bread,and we wouldnt want to do that any-way. We found th at the best way wast o put the fresh bread on the messtables in the crews quarters . Whenwe expose it this way, we save more.TO attem pt to hide it only sharpensthe appetites of more and more people.Every submarine crew has one o rtwo famous eaters-people who eat allthe time. Usually we call such peopleseagulls. But on one patrol we hada signalman who ate so much tha t theordinary title of seagull wouldnt fit.


23/76

blegut. He

As an experiment on the morningo u r last day out of por t, we tried t oFor breakfast he had

ral portions of hot cof-But he was still hungry when we

at noon. Since we were justa patrol and were startingu r liberty period, no meal was goingA s soon as liberty was- here luncheon was

One of the problems a submarinet o keep hist o sat-fy sectional tastes. A cook wouldt o perform such ar-try on a surface ship-but on ae its different. Hominy gr it s

This takes skill, and skill wont come

I found that one way to satisfy thea dish look o r taste the samey twice. Of course, I follow theI always

Fo r example, take eggs. There areserving eggs

o r sliced. The waysf working them into an omelet ar ea man with an imagination,

One point I learned long ago. Aa stranger h is past mealsso fa r and no farther. For ex-I defy any person to tell mersome significant incident to make himremember.Yet, if he gets scrambled eggs t h e ?times a week served in the same way,he will soon be heard t o complain:Why do we get scrambled eggs allthe time? A good submarine cooknever hears such complaints.Eating is an important part of asubmariners life, and that is why im-agination is an important ingredientof every dish a submarine cook pre-pares.Pie is a favorite dish of the subma-riners. They never complain aboutpie. Eve ry time we bake a batch ofpies, we begin distributing them to thevarious compartments of the boat assoon as they are cool enough to beeaten.We dont even give the torpedomena chance to come to the galley f o rthem. We beat the gun and distributethem right away. That makes subma-riners happy.Another point. When the lookoutwatches are being changed, we never

send the new lookouts up to their postshungry. We always have hot soup andcinnamon buns ready for them, as wellas for the watch just relieved.I think that the aroma of pork andbeans creates more work for the sub-marine cook than any other thing.Theres something good about the smellof pork and beans. Perhaps it bringsvisions of home. I think it does.On one recent war patrol, we car-ried 1,200 pounds of tinned pork andbeans. No matter how many times weserved them, the crew kept beggingfo r more. When we reached port, wedidnt have a single ti n left. But, noneof this pork and beans was:served atany of the regular meals. It wasserved only f or night snacks.Steak, fried chicken and hamburgand onions are the other dishes whichhave a tantalizing odor which creepsabout a submarine. When there is awonderfu l odor as a preface t o a meal,i t is a wise thing t o have extra por-tions ready. We do.

CctN YOU LEAVE ME JUSTA LITTLE BIT OF SPAC:c OR CIMMUN1710N I

aof submariners diminish is when thereis great tension. I remember on oneparticular patrol which was outstand-ingly successful th at we were a t battlestations from Christmas Day to NewYears almost without let-up. Weended up on New Years Day with abattle surface.During all that time, no man wasdoing much eating. No one washungry. The men were living ontheir nerves, and they were too busyto think much about food. Finally,after the successful gunfire of thebattle surface, o u r job was finishedand we started home. Then, there oc-curred such an eating marathon a s hasseldom been experienced. I have neverseen a group of men so hungry. Ithought they would never stop eating., Submarines take on patrol only foodsof good keeping qualities. Submarinersjust wont eat dehydrated foods. Thepotato supply usually has ended after30 days, and the eggs are all goneafter 45 days. Then the submarinecooks problems begin. It is no easymatter t o make submariners forgetpotatoes and eggs. But every goodsubmarine cook knows a few dodges.Men never get tired of food if it ismade interesting. And there ar e manyways of making food interesting.Submarine cooks have t o be able t otake a considerable amount of joshingand good-natured complaint aboutthe ir cooking. The best defense is t ohand the joshing back. Cooks on sub-marines cant hide froin the rest of thecrew. Everyone knows who baked thepies, made the bread and broiled thesteaks. Usually the ones who complainthe most are the ones who eat themost. Now and then a good practicaljoke is a grea t boost to morale.On one patrol we had another gar-gantuan eater whom the crew calledLight Lunch. He was always pok-ing into the galley. He would eat any-thing in sight.A submarine is about the only shipin the Navy where this is permitted.On a submarine, a man can eat at anytime he likes. One of the privileges heobtains the day he steps aboard a sub-he only time when the appetites

Page 21


24/76

marine is to rifle the chill box. Everyman is expected to do it, and all do.One day while Light Lunch was hov-ering about the galley complaining ofhis hunger a striker was baking somebanana cream pies. There is nothingso enticing to a gourmand as a bananacream pie.From experience, the striker knewthat Light Lunch would eat the firstthin g tha t was available. Accordingly,he began to prepare a special pie. Intoone of the pie shells he packed a wholedish of mashed potatoes, and then hecarried off the deception by smoothingoff the top so that the pie looked ex-actly like the others, and into the ovenit went with all the rest.The potatoes were soon of a fairlysolid subsistency, but the general ap-pearance was beautiful. When it camefrom the oven, the striker took a,smallwedge out of this special pie and leftthe pie in its dish, with a knife closeaboard. It was a tasty-looking temp-tation.Sure enough, Light Lunch was soonback. Following his usual custom, hereached for the pie and began to cuthimself a sizable hunk. But the temp-tation was too great, and there waslarceny in his hea rt tha t day. He de-cided to have the whole pie-and t ohave it by himself.As it happened, the submarine wasoperating on the surface, and LightLunch carried his booty up t o the cig-arette deck and began t o munch. Hehad nearly finished the pie before hismemory caught up with his palate.*I say -what is this, he began,

but his complaint was drowned inlaughter, for the whole crew had beentipped off to the horseplay.All jokes dont end that way.One day when we were in an Alliedport, a cook from one of the Alliedships came aboard. Sailors are hungrypeople the world over, so we decidedto have a laugh at his expense.That morning we were baking lemonmeringue pies, but we had several pieshells which we yet had not filled. Intoone of them we poured great gobs ofmayonnaise, which we knew would re-semble the lemon filling. Into the oven

went this pie, and soon it was outagain, looking as perfect as ever alemon meringue pie did look. We tookout a small segment and le ft the gooeykni fe close by. We knew the sightwould be an insurmountable tempta-tion.When the cook came back to the gal-ley, we asked him if he were hungry.Of course he was.Wouldnt he have some pie?Of course he would. He cut himselfa huge chunk.He began to eat it. His face lightedup. He finished the chunk and askedfor another.Say, thats wonderful pie, he ex-ulted. Will you write down th e re-cipe?The joke was on us.Page 22

100 -

IlooI

4 t h 111 2n d1942 1943 1944

I 5 0

100

$0

0

The Campaign Against Japanese ShippingThe following is from the state-

ment released by Secretary of theNavy Jamas Forrestal at a pressconference last month.The accompanying chart shows thenumber of Japanese merchant ves-sels announced by the U. S. Navyas sunk during each three monthssince 1 Jan. 1942.The chart shows a total of 740sinkings of which 570 are creditedto submarines. These total s includeall sinkings reported by submarine,surface and air units, includingArmy Air Force units, under the

command of Admiral Nimitz and,formerly, Admiral Halsey. The sta-tistics do not include sinkings re-ported by other commands, but thetotals on this chart represent morethan three-quarters of all Japanesemerchant vessel sinkings announcedby all commands.The rising trend of sinkings speaksfor itself. Our attack against thelifelines of the Japanese Empireprogresses with mounting successeven though some of our submarineskippers have begun to complainabout the scarcity of targets.Two facts, brought out by thechart, merit emphasis. .First, 77 % of the J ap merchantship sinkings are attributable t osubmarine attack.Second, as we push our ring ofadvance bases closer around Japanproper, air and surface attacks onTap shipping a re becoming more andmore profitable. Thi s tre nd is re-flected in the larger dotted areas onthe chart bars for the last twoquarters. It will be accelerated bymr advance into the Marianas.Shipping is Japans jugular vein.A t least one-third of Japans war-time consumption must be suppliedby overseas imports.

At the same time Japan mustpump back out t o her defense per-imeter-China, Burma, the South-west and Central Pacific, and theKurils-a vas t st ream of men andmunitions which can only reach thebattlefront in ships.Petroleum has posed the most dif-ficult problem. So heavy and success-ful have been our attacks on theirtankers that the Ja ps apparently aremoving bulk petroleum shipments indr y cargo ships. The pinch is par-ticularly acute in fuel oil, needed forthe Japanese fleet.Three factors have enabled Japant o mitigate th e effect of our sink-ings to date.First, Japan accumulated beforethe war stockpiles of imported ma-terials, including an estimated three-year reserve of gasoline. Thesestockpiles are diminishing.Second, Japans steady retreatsince mid-1942 shortened her lines ofcommunications. The Jap s on Para-mushiru are 900 miles closer to theirhome base than were the Japs onKiska, those on Saipan were 1,70amiles nearer home than their prede-cessors on Tarawa. The shorter thchaul, the fewer ships Japan needsThird, s tart ing the war with amerchant marine estimated as largeas 7,000,000 tons, Japan probablyhad a surplus of shipping and,thanks to her retrea t, probably main-tained a sligh t surplus-until re-cently.Now we believe that the acceler-ated rate of sinkings, which thecha rt shows, has caught up with theJap retreat. She is losing merchantships faster than she can afford to,even in the light of h er shorte r sup-ply lines. Continuation of presenttrends will leave her by the end of1944 with a sizeable and growingdeficit.


25/76

New Books in Ships LibrariesThe following books have been pur-chased recently for distribution to theservice. Not all titles will be suppliedto each unit; rather it is the practiceof BuPers to distribute different titlesto small units. operating in the samearea to encourage the exchange ofbooks. A unit is always free to requestfrom the Bureau individual titles ofparticular interest.

ACES WILD A T GOLDEN AGLEv JacksonGregory. Thr ee quick-shooting hombresbecome fast friends in a rough, toughWestern town and start on a longcar eer of adventure.ADVENTURESN SYMPHO NIC USIC by Ed-ward Downes. Composers, ar ti st s andthe m usical compositions which th eyhave made familiar to us.ALFREDAHOY by Foster Humpreville.Choice sketches of t ha t lovable mar inerwhose mentality is not robust,,, butwhose heart is of pure platinum.AarERrcA by Step hen Vincent Benet . Rrie freadable history of the United Sta tesphrased in answer to the questionWhat is the American spirit-theAmerican ideal?Lothar. Vienna from the days of Fra nzJoseph to the coming of Hitler, as livedby the Alt family.THE ART O F ILLUSIONy Joh n Mulbolland.Fe ats of magic with complete instruc-tions for their performance by an out-standing master of the art of sleight of

THE ANGELWITH THE TRUMPET y Ernst

hand.ATTAININGMATURITY y Luel la Cole. Aguide book for all who seek to attainmaturity.BEDFORD ILLAGEby Herv ey Allen. Con-tinues the story of Salathiel Albine be-gun in Forest and the Fort. on the earlyPennsylvania frontier.Rufu s King. Murder stalked the pala-tial home of Mrs. Giles just af te r thequiet little man who loved etchingscame there to live.CONTEMPORARY ITALY by Count CarloSforza. Ital ys place in the worldtoday-an outsta ndinz discussion bv

CASE OF TH E DOWAGERS TCHINGSy

Italys returned statesman.CRAZYLIKE A F O X by S. J. Perelman.The world spins and things are nolonger what they seem when Perelmantakes over.DEVIL AN D TH E DEEP by C. M. Dixon.Life on the waterfront and on the highseas-a novel of Americas merchantseamen in the early days of the war.EXPLORINGE WOULDGO by Ellen Gatti.A New York business woman accom-panies h er husba nd to. the Belgian Con-go. Jungle living vividly described.FIREBELL I N TH E NIGHT by ConstanceRobertson. Tavern brawls, jail breaksescapes in the night and a touch o iromance combine to make a fast mor-ing novel of New York Sta te in theslave-running davs.FIRST LEETy Reg Ingraham. Informa-tive, detailed sto ry of t he U. S. CoastGuard: chiefly its activities in thispresent war.FLIGHTBOVE CLOUDby John Pudney.Poems by a squadron leader of theR.A. F., written in the calm betweenraids.F U N D A M E N T A L SF OPTICAL ENGINEERINGbv Donald Jacobs. Ran ee flnders. ueri-scopes, telescopes, guusrgh ts and oth erins trum ents of applied optics.GREATTALESOF TERROR ND TH E SUPER-NATURAL edited by Herbert Wise andPhvllis Frase r. Ghostlv volume of flrst_.rat; hair-rai sing thrilfers.DANIELHOME,MEDIUM y Jean Burton.HEYDAYO F A WIZARD: THE LIFE OFFamous 19th century American spiritu-alist whose seances astounded and con-fused the world.L. Dumond. The United States fromthe days of the colonists to the present,high-lighting social and intellectual

HISTORY OF TH E UNITED STATES by,Dwight

aspects.HITLERS ENERALSy W. E. Hart. Per-sonal lives and military careers of nine

of Hitlers generals, told wi th a n insideslant.HORSETHIEFASS y Charles Snow. Newwestern by an old-timer.H ow TO LIVE IN TH E COUNTRY ITHOUTFARMINGy Milton Wend. Blueprint forsuccessful living in the country, by aman who lived the plan described.I NEVERLEFT HOME v Bob Houe. Easvhumor, smooth timing and coiny gagsas Bob ad glibs his way overseas.INTRODUCINGFRICA by Car vet h Wells.Factual book by a well-known explorer.JAPANS SLANDS OF MYSTERYy WillardPrice. Adventure and information onthe island s of t he Paciflc by one of thefew white men to e nter Ja pan s Pacificmandate in Dre-Pearl Harbor davs.KING LIVETHby Jeffery Farnol. King Al-freds England defends itself against theDanish invasion. Action. Adventure.LAKE URON y Fred Landon. Lake Hu-ron, the ea rly settl emen ts which fringedits shores. and the men who exnloredits w oodsrand sailed its waters.LAKEMICHIGAN y Milo M. Quaife. Th estories of the flrst lake steamer, of th eearl v davs of Chicago and Milwaukee

-and-doz&s more. -LIFE WITH ALICE by Dick Richards . Es-capades of Alice, the playful elephantof t he B ro nx Zoo.

LooK AWAY. LOOK AWAYbv Leslie Tur-ner Whit& P lan ter s and scoundrels es-caping the carpetbag regime, voyage toBrazil in an old Mississippi River boat.LOOM F LANGUAGEdited by LancelotHogben. Language , its origin, growth,and present use plus a basic vocabularyfor self expression.LUCKN ALL WEATHE RSy Dona1 Hami l-ton Haines. Everyd ay hunting and flsh-ing by a sportsman who knows how.MAKING F MODERN HINA by Owen a ndEleanor Lattimore. Absorbing accountof th e long pa st of China.ham. Man who made baseball history,from his days as third baseman withthe Baltimore Orioles through his thirtyyears as leader of the Giants.

MCGRAW F TH E GIANTSby Frank Gra-

MEN OF SCIENCEIN AMERICA y Bernar dJaffe. Scientiflc discovery in America asseen in the lives and w orks of twentyof our greatest scientists.MIRACLES HEADby Norm an V. Carlisleand Fra nk B. Latham. Preview ofwhats on the drawing boards fo r to -morrnws living. whether helicabs. pre-fabricated housing or the future of med-icine.TH E MOCKING BIRD Is SINGING b v E.Louise Mally. Louisiana and Texas. theold and new South, form the back-ground of this well-paced historical

der moments as glimpsed throughsketches of th e ente rtai nme nt world.son. Exciting experienc es of a famousfur trader with the Siberian natives.Manuel Komroff. Life of Jes us of Naza -reth woven into one single story fromthe books by four of the men who knewhim hest.

NORTHWESTF TH E WORLD by O h f Swen-THE ONE STORY: TH E LIFE OF CHRIST by

~ ~~~ .____TH E PASS y Thomas Savage. L ured bythe loneliness and grandeur of theprairie, young Jess Bentley and hisbride pit themselves against the wilder-ness of early Montana.PRIVATEREGERSWAR by David Breger.Cartoons of Priv ate Bregers adventuresin England and at the front.PURSERSPROGRESSy Tom OReilly.Screwball humor as the purser of S.S.Mulligan Stew goes down to the seawith clips and carbons.SEA-BORNE by J ames B. Connolly. Thirtyyears a-vovanine.- ISEiS OF TH E GODS dited by W hit Burnett.Anthology of s hort storie s and ex trac tsfrom novels showing the essentialstreng th of the spirit in man.SECRET OF TH E SPA by Charles L. Leonard.F.B.I. gets a nice little problem con-cerning a gang peddling dope to servicemen in this detective story.THE SEVEN LEEPERS y Ma rk Van Doren.Brief, thoughtful lyrics, including somepoems of t he war.SILVERTIPS HASEby Max Brand. Retri-bution, wealth, and romance involving agold mine, a couple of cro oks an dchiefly Frost the timber wolf.SIXTYTO Go dy R. L. Yorck. Adve nturewith the French Underground on theRiviera.SNAKES LIVE by Clifford Pope. En te r-taining., popular, reliable. R. L. Ditmarscalls this one of the best books on rep-tiles he has ever seen.TEN YEARS N J APANy Joseph Grew.Ambassador G rews diar y discusses fullyhis long years of service in Tokyo.THEN THEREWAS ONE by Eugene Burns.Fi r s t year of victory for the uss En-terprise, flagship of Admiral Halsey.THEY ALL HA D GLAMOUR y EdwardMarks. Inti mat e glimpses of t he fabu -lous the atri cal flgures of th e last hun-dred years.son. Dra mat ic sketches of famous fig-THEY PLAYEDHE GAMEby Harry Gray--ures of the baseball world.THEYLL Do IT EVERYTIME by JimmyHatlo. Cartoons of everyday lifee,sbyHatlo. Need one sa y mor e?UNFINISHED USINESS v Stephen e ons al.Business of ueac emakinz. trazi cal lv leftu

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All Hands Naval Bulletin - Aug 1944