All rights reserved. · Hybrid Transmissions – Diverse Designs Data Source: IHS Automotive Relative Number of Hybrid Installations 2024 MY AT Toyota ZF Group Volkswagen Aisin Daimler

© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved.

F U T U R E M O B I L I T Y

What Does The Future Look Like?



What Does The Future Look Like?



Electrification Will Impact Vehicle Types Differently

Technical and practical challenges will be overcome at different ratesTechnical and practical challenges will be overcome at different rates

T I M E



The Future is Uncertain So Need to Explore Plausible Scenarios

4 Degreeglobal temp rise4 Degreeglobal temp rise

Trajectory for current policies and practices

2 Degreeglobal temp rise2 Degreeglobal temp rise

Plausible outcome with current technology

1.7 Degreeglobal temp rise1.7 Degreeglobal temp rise

Very aggressive CO2 reduction

Lube Demand Impacts

Vehicle Population Growth

Increasing Drain Intervals

BEVPenetration



The Scenarios Give a Wide Range of Potential Outcomes



Electrification• Hybrids • Full electrification• Fuel cells

Powertrains• Hybridized transmissions• Electric variable transmissions

Global Green Tech Trends



Vehicle Electrification – Diverse Architectures

VEHICLE ELECTRIFICATION ARCHITECTURE ICE MOTOR FE %

Stop/StartMicro Hybrid

PropulsionICE

Startingif equipped

2-4

MHEVMild Hybrid

Propulsion ICE Assist 8-11

HEVFull Hybrid

Propulsion Propulsion 20-35

PHEVPlug-In Hybrid

Propulsion Propulsion 50-60equivalent

EREVExt. Range Electric

RangeExtension Propulsion 60-70

equivalent

BEVBattery Electric

none Propulsion 70-80 equivalent



Electrification Rollout:• Stop/Start ~50% installations• Hybrids grow to ~25% by 2024• Full Electric still <5% by 2024

Full electric BEVs and FCEVs increase vehicle and infra-structure costs

“Well-to-wheel” assessments may curb full-electric enthusiasm

Vehicle Electrification Projections to 2024

Model Year

FUEL

ECO

NO

MY

FUEL

ECO

NO

MY

Light Duty Vehicle Installations

COST

COST

Data Source: IHS Automotive

85%

47%

22%

13%

47%

47%

2%3%

9%

17%

4% FCEV 0.03%

2012 2018 2024

BEV

FULL HEV

MILD HEV

STOP/START

ICE



0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

CHINA

EMEA

ASIA

AMERICAS

2024

ICE STOP/START MILD HEV FULL HEV BEV FCEV

Some countries intend to ban the sale or manufacture of ICEs• Norway – by 2025• France – by 2040• UK – by 2040• China – by TBD

CO2 legislation can be technology neutral

Vehicle Electrification – Regional Mandates

Data Source: IHS

In 2030, 80% of cars sold will still contain a combustion engineIn 2030, 80% of cars sold will still contain a combustion engine

Vehicle Propulsion Installations



OEMs announcing electric variants to model lines• VW: will 'fully electrify its

entire model portfolio by 2030'• GM: will launch 20 new all-electric vehicles by 2023• Volvo: will 'go all electric’ with 2019 launches• Daimler: speeding up e-mobility

Most electric variants will still employ an ICE• Except BEV and FCEV

Vehicle Electrification – OEM Headlines

OEM Electrification 2024 forecast

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

Volkswagen

General Motors

Geely/Volvo

Daimler

BMW

FCA

Ford

Honda

Hyundai

PSA

Renault/Nissan

SAIC‐GM‐Wuling

Suzuki

Toyota

ICE STOP/START MILD HEV FULL HEV BEV FCEV



Vehicle Electrification – ICE Installation Projections


ICEs installed in Hybrids >25%

ICE installationsvs. 2017 +10%

Installed ICE sizevs. 2017 -14%

2024: Installed Engine Size 2017 actual vs. 2024 forecast

ICE displacement, liters

NOICE

<1.0 1.0 to<1.5

1.5 to<2.0

2.0 to<3.0

≥3.0



ICE Hybrid Lubrication Challenges

Cooler operating conditions Frequent engine starts

Longer engine stops

Increased engine stressIncreased water levelsIncreased fuel levels

Potential for higher wear

Hybrid lubricants must deliver excellent cleanliness and wear protectionHybrid lubricants must deliver excellent cleanliness and wear protection



Ron Romano | Service Lubricants Technical Expert, Ford Motor Company

OEM Thoughts on Lubricants for Hybrids

OEM thoughts on lubricants for hybrids



Kazuo Yamamori-san | Project Manager, Tribology Material Dept. Organic Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation

OEM Thoughts on Lubricants for Hybrids

OEM thoughts on lubricants for hybrids



Electrification• Hybrids • Full electrification• Fuel cells

Powertrains• Hybridized transmissions• Electric variable transmissions

Global Green Tech Trends



Transmission Installations – Growth of Automatics


Automatic Installations +20%

vs. 2017

2024 Installed Transmission 2017 actual vs. 2024 forecast

Reduction Installations

<5%total

Manual Installations

-5%vs. 2017

ICE

ICE

ICEICE

StopStart

StopStart

StopStart

StopStart

MildHEV

FullHEV

BEV

2017 2024 2017 2024 2017 2024

Automatic Manual /Auto Man

ReductionGears



Hybrid Transmissions – Diverse Designs


Relative Number of Hybrid Installations

2024 MY AT ToyotaZF GroupVolkswagenAisinDaimlerHondaHyundaiGetragGeelyMazdaGMFord

DCT EVT CVT



Dedicated Hybrid Transmission Fluids

Balance of electrical properties with gear protection and material compatibilityBalance of electrical properties with gear protection and material compatibility

DEDICATEDHYBRID FLUID

NON-HYBRID FLUID

ViscometricsPump efficiency,

drag and churning losses. Gear and

bearing efficiency

Aeration & Oxidation

Smaller sump, fill for life

Friction PropertiesIn presence of clutches

Transmission Durability

Gear, bearing, pump

Electrical PropertiesElectrical, Insulator

Thermal CapacityCool the windings

Materials CompatibilityCopper, resin,

plastic



Nathan Siebert | Engineering Manager for Fluids and Lubricants, General Motors

GM Propulsion

GM propulsion



Chris Locke | Executive Vice President, Marketing and Technology, Infineum International Ltd

Infineum Perspective

Infineum perspective


Permission is given for storage of one copy in electronic means for reference purposes. Further reproduction of any material is prohibited without priorwritten consent of Infineum International Limited. The information contained in this document is based upon data believed to be reliable at the time ofgoing to press and relates only to the matters specifically mentioned in this document. Although Infineum has used reasonable skill and care in thepreparation of this information, in the absence of any overriding obligations arising under a specific contract, no representation, warranty (express orimplied), or guarantee is made as to the suitability, accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information; nothing in this document shall reduce theuser’s responsibility to satisfy itself as to the suitability, accuracy, reliability, and completeness of such information for its particular use; there is nowarranty against intellectual property infringement; and Infineum shall not be liable for any loss, damage or injury that may occur from the use of thisinformation other than death or personal injury caused by its negligence. No statement shall be construed as an endorsement of any product or process.For greater certainty, before use of information contained in this document, particularly if the product is used for a purpose or under conditions which areabnormal or not reasonably foreseeable, this information must be reviewed with the supplier of such information.

Links to third party websites from this document are provided solely for your convenience. Infineum does not control and is not responsible for the contentof those third party websites. If you decide to access any of those websites, you do so entirely at your own risk. Please also refer to our Privacy Policy.

‘INFINEUM’, the interlocking Ripple Device, the corporate mark comprising INFINEUM and the interlocking Ripple Device and 润英联 are trademarks ofInfineum International Limited.© 2018 Infineum International Limited. All rights reserved.

Documents

All rights reserved. · Hybrid Transmissions – Diverse Designs Data Source: IHS Automotive Relative Number of Hybrid Installations 2024 MY AT Toyota ZF Group Volkswagen Aisin Daimler